The best material for How to choose materials for the construction of a country house: expert advice
Even in the tale of the three little pigs, the most important and always relevant idea is raised about the correct choice of building material for the house. A fairy tale is a fairy tale, but many of us, like the heroes of a famous work, want to build a solid, reliable home with minimal effort. However, today it is quite possible to do this thanks to the development of building technologies. However, there are so many different wall materials that the developer has to rack his brains when deciding which material is better to build a house from. Brick, aerated concrete, wood, sandwich panels - which is better, more reliable, more durable and warmer?
The cost of building walls at home is up to 40% of the cost of all work, so it is important to weigh the many pros and cons of each material in order to make the only right decision. It is also necessary to take into account the seasonality of living in the house, the requirements for thermal insulation, the cost of the fuel used for heating, as well as the labor intensity of the work and the budget allocated for construction. Today there are a lot of materials for building a house - finding the one that most accurately meets the needs is not a problem.
No. 1. Wooden house
The most conservative and traditional material for building a house is wood. Its undeniable advantages include:
Minuses:
- high fire hazard, even despite the fact that today special impregnations are used in the production of timber;
- the tree is sensitive to moisture and pests, they are also trying to fight it, but without constant care, the material will be constantly damaged;
- shrinkage;
- high price.
Glued profiled timber
No. 2. Brick house
Another classic and time-tested material for building a house is. Despite the emergence of a mass of alternative materials, it remains the most popular material for the construction of low-rise private houses, and there are many reasons for that.
pros:
- high durability and strength;
- inertness, insects and;
- resistance to fire;
- the material is breathable;
- brick allows you to translate into reality a project of any complexity.
Minuses:
For the construction of a 2- or 3-storey house enough strength brick M100 or M125, but the basement is better to build from bricks M150-M175. It is also necessary to take into account the frost resistance of bricks, which is determined by the cycles of freezing and thawing, which the material can withstand without losing its basic properties. If for warm regions it is quite possible to use brick F15-30, then for middle lane it is better to take material with frost resistance F50, and for the most severe regions - F100. After the construction of the house, he is given some time to dry. Brick walls are usually trimmed.
By filling, bricks are divided into:
For the construction of walls, only two types of bricks are used:
- silicate (white).
Ideally, it is better to build from plastic-formed ceramic bricks. It is made from high-quality clay by extrusion. Ceramic brick of dry and semi-dry formation thanks to high precision geometry is predominantly used for cladding. differs in durability, good sound insulation and durability.
silicate brick produced on the basis of sand and lime, it is cheaper than ceramic, but more fragile, has little variety, lower thermal insulation and low moisture resistance. 
No. 3. Aerated concrete houses
Lightweight concrete blocks are the most promising material for building a house from all existing ones. this moment. Of all stone materials, cellular concrete has the best thermal insulation performance. Due to the fact that the block has a large size (replaces 17-20 single bricks), the construction of buildings is carried out quickly. In terms of strength and durability, the material is practically not inferior to brick. The cellular concretes are aerated concrete, foam concrete,, but the first two have acquired the greatest distribution in private construction.
House made of aerated concrete (gas block)
cinder block house
No. 4. Frame house
No. 5. Houses made of reinforced concrete panels
Another option for quick construction is the technology of building houses from prefabricated factory ones. A low-rise house can be built in a few days! The technology is reminiscent of the one that was so actively used in the Soviet Union for the rapid construction of millions of square meters of housing.
pros:
Minuses:
- a solid foundation is needed;
- a small number of offers on the market (few companies cast slabs for the created project - elements of typical sizes are usually made);
- such a house "does not breathe";
- Concrete does not hold heat well.
When you need to quickly build a reliable and durable house of decent size, then this is one of the best options, especially since today it is possible to cast panels of strictly necessary shapes and sizes in order to build a building according to. 
When choosing a material for building a house, it is important to take into account the climate, the type of soil, the future heating system, and many other factors. But even the highest quality building material can disappoint if the construction technology is violated or the foundation is laid incorrectly, so these points should be given no less importance.
There is no single building material for walls that would be universal. When choosing it, many factors are taken into account: these are reliability, soil characteristics, weather conditions, price range and much more. Currently, the choice of building materials is very extensive. In order for the house to be strong and durable, it is necessary to take into account not only the advantages of the raw materials from which the construction is planned, but also its shortcomings.
Building materials for walls
A good house is a strong house. This is how it will be if the building material for its walls is chosen correctly.
The wall is:
- a building structure enclosing or separating some part of the territory;
- side of the building.
The walls in the house can be divided into several groups depending on the load. Among them are bearing, self-supporting, non-bearing, hinged and enclosing. All this is shown in the diagram.
The construction of the walls of the house requires the choice of a certain building material. Each of them has individual properties, has its own strengths and weak sides. Depending on this, it finds application in the construction of walls. Usage various materials for walls can be seen in the video.
The following main wall materials are distinguished:
- brick;
- wood;
- ceramic blocks;
- concrete;
- aerated concrete;
- foam concrete;
- cinder blocks;
- sip panels;
- metal structures.
All these modern materials are widely used in individual construction.
Brick walls
Brick is a traditional building material fake diamond. It has its positive and negative qualities: heat capacity, has a large bearing capacity, but has a relatively high price.
Types of bricks:
- Cob - made of clay and straw, instead of which wood shavings, chaff or horse manure are sometimes used. Used in Asian countries. In Russia, it is found in rural areas.
- Ceramic - made from fired clay. A high-quality brick should make a ringing sound and have a uniform reddish color. Through cracks with a length of more than 4 cm are unacceptable; such a brick should be chosen for strength and frost resistance. The letter "M" denotes the strength grade. The numbers indicate the permissible compressive load in kg/cm2. The frost resistance class is indicated by the English letter F, the numbers indicate freezing cycles.
- Silicate - made from sand and lime under the influence of steam at a temperature of 170 - 200 0 C. For the construction of walls, you can choose a brick of various colors and thicknesses.
- Hyperpressed - a building material made under high pressure without firing. In a small amount of cement with water, fine limestone rocks, scrap from the production of ceramic bricks, various waste from the extraction and sawing of facing stone, fine crushed stone, marble and dolomite are added. The material is as close as possible to natural stone.
Pros and cons of brick construction
| Types of brick | Advantages | disadvantages |
|---|---|---|
| adobe | Low cost | Low moisture and frost resistance |
| Good sound insulation and thermal inertia | The walls dry for a long time and gain strength | |
| Ceramic | Resistant to all climatic conditions | High price |
| Low moisture absorption | Possibility of efflorescence | |
| Silicate | Good sound insulation | High thermal conductivity |
| High strength and frost resistance | High moisture absorption | |
| hyperpressed | Resistant to aggressive environments and climatic influences | High price |
| Ideal geometric shape | Requires thorough drying before laying |
Walls made of foam blocks
The composition of the foam block includes sand, cement, foaming agent. It is used to build bearing walls and interior partitions. Advantages of the foam block as a building material:
- environmentally friendly;
- perfectly retains heat;
- has the ability to "breathe" - to release water vapor to the outside;
- excellent fire resistance - resistance to open fire for 8 hours;
- good moisture and frost resistance;
- excellent sound insulation;
- significantly reduces the overall construction time;
With all their significant advantages, foam blocks have their drawbacks. They are a low strength material: the wall can crack if overloaded. Water that gets inside at low temperatures will destroy the foam block. This can be avoided if the surface is plastered or treated with a special solution. Not all types of finishes are suitable for wall cladding made of foam blocks.
ceramic blocks
Ceramic block or porous ceramic is a material made by firing specially shaped clay blocks. There are 3 main sizes of this raw material:
| № | Dimensions | Volume |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 219x250x380 mm | 10.7 NF* |
| 2 | 219x250x440 mm | 12.4 NF |
| 3 | 219x250x510 mm | 14.3 NF |
*NF - normal form, an indicator of the number of bricks of a given block volume.
The material is environmentally friendly and durable, like any ceramics.
Aerated concrete blocks in the construction of walls
Aerated concrete is a lightweight cellular material obtained from a mixture of:
- lime;
- cement;
- fine-grained quartz sand;
- water;
- gas-forming reagents - aluminum powder is most often used.
Acceleration of the curing process occurs in autoclaves.
Comparison of gas silicate and foam concrete - building materials for walls, favorably emphasizes the advantage of the first.
Aerated concrete is a relatively inexpensive material, it is non-combustible, environmentally friendly and durable. Special blocks are made from it.
Modern building technologies allow you to use different materials for walls at the same time. gas silicate blocks can be combined with brick. This will ensure high thermal conductivity of the walls.
If a person does not have enough money to individual construction, then it would be appropriate independent production wall material.
Brick or gas block
Brick - an artificial stone with dimensions of 250x120x65 mm. It is produced by firing clay. The aerated concrete block is an artificially created stone with dimensions of 600x400x250 mm.
Comparison of brick and gas block
A wall built from a gas block is 3 times lighter than a brick one. This means that the frame will require less reinforcement. Given the ability of the building material for the walls of the house to transfer heat, the thickness of the brickwork should be greater. In terms of frost resistance - the ability of the material to maintain strength, brick is superior: it is more durable.
Aerated concrete blocks are used in the construction of walls of houses with a height of not more than 14 m. It is not recommended to build load-bearing structures from them. A feature of aerated concrete blocks is their high geometric accuracy. This allows for less costly laying on glue. It is faster in comparison with cement.
Walls should be built in dry, clear weather. It is forbidden to build wet rooms from cellular concrete: saunas, baths, laundries. The walls for them are made only of bricks.
Aerated concrete blocks over time after construction may decrease slightly in size, which will lead to cracks in the wall. This is not the case for bricks.
Gas blocks are easier to tool. Cutting and grinding of aerated concrete can be carried out directly on the construction site with standard hand saws. But the reliability of the brick during the installation of door and window openings much higher. The fire resistance of a brick and a gas block is approximately the same.
Cellular concrete blocks are the cheapest material. But the construction of walls requires compliance with a special technology. The services of workers for such masonry are higher than those of builders working with bricks. However, brick walls are warmer and stronger.
wooden construction
Several types of wood are used as building material: pine, spruce, larch, cedar, oak, linden. You should choose according to the properties of the tree and financial resources.
Advantage wooden walls is, first of all, environmental friendliness. Wood is a natural conditioner. This house is warm in winter and cool in summer. The air in the room is updated up to 30% during the day, so it is easy to breathe in it.
When heated, cracks do not form in the walls, which cannot be said about brick house. Wooden structures are the most resistant to earthquakes and do not require additional insulation.
In terms of thermal conductivity, a log with a diameter of 20 cm replaces brickwork 1 m thick. This significantly reduces the financial costs for the house and reduces the weight of the building, which is economical for the depth and width of the foundation. Its price is sometimes 1/3 of the entire value of the house. They build wooden walls very quickly at any time of the year.
The main significant disadvantage of wood as a material for building walls is a high fire hazard. The disadvantages also include susceptibility to decay, damage by fungus and wood bugs. The tree quickly collapses under the influence of the atmosphere: sunlight and moisture.
All these shortcomings are easily eliminated by specially designed chemicals. They are applied to the walls and extend the life of a wooden house.
Glued laminated timber
Glued laminated timber is the leading material in wooden construction Glued laminated timber is one of the leading materials in wooden construction. It is assembled from separate dried boards of appropriate sizes treated with antiseptic and fire-fighting agents. Then there is gluing with special compounds under high pressure. This is done in order to prevent cracking and torsion of the timber during drying.
The beam contains a special tongue-and-groove system, which allows you to assemble the walls as quickly as possible. Like many building materials for walls, it is environmentally friendly. Glued laminated timber belongs to the group of combustible materials. With protective treatment, it is relatively durable.
Comparison of building materials
Comparison of wall materials by main indicators
| aerated concrete | Wood | Brick | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thermal conductivity | 0,12 | 0,16 | 0,18 | 0,56 |
| Strength | 25 | 100 | 50 | 150 |
| fire resistance | 1200 | 1500 | 300 | 1500 |
| Shrinkage ratio | 2 | 0,01 | 10 | 0,01 |
Thermal conductivity - the ability of a material to pass heat through itself - is 3 times greater for a brick than for a ceramic and aerated concrete block. Based on the estimated cost, it can be concluded that the cheaper material is a ceramic block. To achieve the correct thermal conductivity of the wall, it is enough to insulate the wall with a special material.
The strength of aerated concrete and wood is minimal compared to other types. This suggests that building houses of more than 2 floors from these materials should not be. The strength of the ceramic block and brick allows you to build buildings of almost any height.
The shrinkage factor is expressed as a percentage. The largest one is near the tree. This means that a year after the completion of construction, the height of the wall will be reduced by 10%. Relatively low shrinkage coefficient for aerated concrete. Its low strength can cause cracking. Other materials for this indicator can be ignored.
Aerated concrete is the cheapest building material. It is widely used in individual construction.
The choice in favor of one or another wall material is formed on the basis of individual evaluation conclusions and an analysis of the characteristics of the environment.
gas silicate blocks, aerated concrete blocks, wood concrete, foam concrete, sawdust concrete - there are many building materials and technologies on the market. But which of them will allow you to build a really inexpensive, functional and reliable housing?
The development of technologies is more related to monolithic and frame construction. If you pay attention to frame technologies, effective are LSTK-structures, with thin walls made on the basis of a steel profile.
The finished object is distinguished by low weight, high strength, and the absence of "cold bridges". On the basis of LSTC, it is possible to successfully conduct low-rise residential construction of townhouses, cottages and other low-rise buildings (up to three floors). The cost of the finished object will be 13 tr/m² and more.
In forest-deficient areas, it makes sense to lighten the weight of the roof, reducing power truss system. This is not only economical, but will also affect the choice of type bearing base
The first step to effective construction should be the analysis of traditional housing, which is being built in a particular climatic region. Such functional and technological properties are optimal and economical.
Monolithic construction involves the installation of removable or fixed formwork, pouring concrete (heavy / light - to choose from), erecting a roof. Price finished house from concrete with their own hands on fixed formwork starts from 8 tr/m², on a removable one - a little cheaper.
One more the way to build a cheap house is to use wooden bricks. The material is made on the basis of solid wood. Each module is equipped with a four-sided lock, which eliminates shrinkage and blowing. Construction of the house will take 2-8 weeks. Manufacturers offer the most cheap wooden pine brick at a cost of 470 USD/m³, from which it is easy to calculate the cost of costs, knowing the area of \u200b\u200bthe walls.
Aerated concrete blocks - which is cheaper
Advantages and disadvantages of blocks made of different types concrete, are considered in tabular data:
| Block type | pros | Minuses | Price |
| Polystyrene concrete (concrete with polystyrene balls) | Warm, light, very cheap material that allows you to quickly build housing. Blocks can be made by yourself, which contributes to greater savings. |
Serious flaws with geometry will cause problems with finishing. Blocks are sensitive to ground movements, which can cause cracks to form. This is a great option for outbuildings - cheap, warm. | The price starts from 3.1 t.r./m³ |
| Arbolite (concrete with wood chips) | You can safely consider all the previous advantages, but the wood concrete is more flexible due to the wood content. It is less prone to cracking | Walls should not be overloaded, finishing should be started as early as possible (along the facade), and wetting should be avoided during construction. | From 4.8 tr/m³ |
| Aerated concrete (sand, lime, cement, water, blowing agent) | Ideal geometry, environmental friendliness, minimum glue consumption, absence of cold bridges (with rare exceptions), ease of processing | When finishing, there may be problems with fasteners. During construction, even one-story house can not do without the arrangement of monolithic belts. By strength lightweight concrete inferior to a monolith, but optimal for private construction. | Considering the pros and cons of aerated concrete blocks, the price of 3.6 - 4.7 tr / m³ should be taken into account |
| Foam concrete (water, cement, sand, foaming agent) | A house made of foam concrete does not require a deep foundation, the material is easy to process, allows you to quickly implement masonry, which perfectly protects against wind, noise and frost | Building houses from foam blocks can be costly due to the fragility of the material - there is a fight during transportation, masonry. If you do not lay a reliable foundation, hay can crack | 2-4 tr/m³ (depending on dimensions and production technology) |
Based on the tabular data, it can be seen that the cheapest building material for building a house is aerated concrete, foam concrete. Expanded clay concrete block is also on sale, but it is much more expensive. One price category with foam concrete there is sawdust concrete.
The production of cellular and porous blocks is progressing. A house made of gas silicate on two floors, lined with siding, can be considered typical. Finished project easy to choose online
natural wood
Considering all the possibilities of choice, it is impossible not to mention natural wood. This is the most environmentally friendly material that allows you to create durable housing. The construction of houses from logs or timber is based on cheap load-bearing bases., - columnar, shallow. You can build a house quickly, and finishing is not difficult.
However, neither the beam nor the log corresponds modern requirements thermal protection. It is cold in a house made of timber, that is, a mandatory additional insulation. There is a special material with insulation, but they are much more expensive. In addition, such a house burns easily.
wooden frame
How to build a house inexpensively? is a story about wooden frame. The master does not require special skills, a shallow-depth bearing base is enough. But, in such a house there is very poor sound insulation, environmental friendliness suffers due to the large amount of insulation rodents and insects are often present. Arrangement required supply and exhaust ventilation. Extremely low resilience to natural disasters has also been noted.
Panel materials
In a few weeks, you can build a house based on reinforced concrete panels. After the installation of the walls, you can proceed to the finishing work. The cost of the material is 9-15 tr / piece, which depends on its series and purpose. Used wall material may be on sale, but it is not recommended to purchase it.
Sandwich panels allow you to build a house in a matter of months. The material is produced in accordance with standard projects in factories, so it is monotonous. If you follow the installation technology, you can get an excellent summer house, cottage, outbuildings.
Additional materials
When deciding what is the cheapest material for building a house, one should not forget about other structural elements.
The larger the house in terms of area, the higher its cost and costs in man-hours. By choosing a successful project, you can build good housing quite cheaply.
To save money, you can pay attention to the following recommendations:
- the cheapest roof is covered with ondulin, corrugated board, roofing material, wave slate;
- inexpensive windows can be equipped both from wood and from metal-plastic. The same applies to door frames. If wood is used, it must be softwood;
- the most economical material for finishing the building is flat slate, however, it is better to cover it with paint. In the economy class, plaster, tiles, facing bricks are appropriate;
- for interior work, you can use lining, which can be cut independently from unedged boards 25 mm;
- as an alternative, you can consider buying plastic lining, however, does not have a high coefficient of thermal expansion, which imposes certain restrictions;
- an inexpensive house is not too hard, so the finish of the fiberboard is questionable, the seams may crack;
- building a house on one floor does not require the cost of lifting mechanisms, forests, extra helpers;
- do not be afraid of purchasing from domestic manufacturers. All materials, from metal trusses to various types of insulation, are no worse than imported analogues;
- it must be understood that a certain part of the materials that are somehow involved in construction can be made by hand. For example, do-it-yourself plasticizer for concrete.
Do you need a quote to build a house?
When choosing from which material it is cheaper to build a house, it is worth relying on the actual conditions of construction and the purpose of the object. The most cost-effective work relates to the construction summer cottages, garden houses, that is, seasonal residences. If it is planned to arrange a place for permanent residence, we should expect an increase in costs, albeit insignificant.
The calculation of the estimated cost will optimize the progress of work, which will eliminate disruptions in the flow of building materials to the construction site. When choosing even the cheapest building material, it is important to know how much of it will be required and what will be the cost of its purchase.
An enterprising person found an unusual, cheapest building material for building a house:
It is believed that stone is the best material for construction. country house. Due to its durability, durability, adaptability to almost any geographic area, the stone is very popular in the construction industry. However, is stone really the best material?
Despite the fact that everything seems to be in order with oil and gas production in Russia, the price of energy resources in our country is steadily growing. And now, following the countries of Europe, the Russian Federation adopted in 2003 new norms for the thermal resistance of enclosing and load-bearing structures (SNiP 23-02-2003 "Thermal protection of buildings").
But even before the adoption of new SNiPs, new effective building materials and technologies came to us (and continue to come).
What should be the walls (enclosing structures) of the house in order to comply with the norms of building heat engineering? The answer to this question is not entirely clear.
If we carry out calculations, it turns out that, for example, Brick wall should be 2.3 m thick, and concrete - 6 m. Therefore, the construction of the walls should be combined, that is, multi-layered. Moreover, one "layer" in this case will perform a bearing function, and the other - to ensure heat conservation.
A certain difficulty lies in the fact that the parts of this "layer cake" are too different in their physical and chemical properties. Therefore, in order to combine them, one has to come up with ingenious construction technologies.
A bit of physics
What parameters seem to be the most important when choosing a material for the construction of an energy-efficient warm home? This is, first of all, the bearing capacity of the material, as well as its heat capacity and thermal conductivity. Let's dwell on the latter.
The heat capacity unit - kJ / (kg ° C) - indicates how much thermal energy is contained in 1 kg of material with a temperature of 1 degree Celsius. For example, consider two well-known building materials - wood and concrete. The heat capacity of the first is 2.3, and the second is 0.84 kJ / (kg ° C) (according to SNiPam II-3-79).
It turns out that wood is a much more heat-intensive material, and more thermal energy is required to heat it, and when it cools, it will give off environment more joules. Concrete heats up faster and cools down faster. However, these figures can only be obtained in theory if we compare 1 kg of absolutely dry wood and 1 kg of concrete.
For building practice, these conditional values are practically useless, because if you make a conversion per square meter of a real wooden or concrete wall, for example, 20 cm, then the picture changes. Here is a small table in which, for comparison, 1 m² of a wall 20 cm thick is taken from different materials(at a temperature of 20 °C).
From the above figures it can be seen that for heating 1 m² concrete wall 1 degree will have to generate almost 20 times more thermal energy than for heating wood. That is, wood or frame house can be heated to the desired temperature much faster than concrete or brick, because the weight (mass) of brick and concrete is greater.
Let us also recall that in addition to specific heat capacity, there is also thermal conductivity of building materials. This property characterizes the intensity of heat transfer in the material. With an increase in temperature, humidity and density of a substance, the thermal conductivity coefficient increases.
The thermal resistance of a homogeneous enclosing structure, defined as the ratio of the thermal conductivity of the wall material to the wall thickness in meters, must not be less than the required heat transfer resistance (depends on the temperature of the coldest five-day period in the region and other climatic parameters).
For the Moscow region, the resistance to heat transfer is in the range of 3.1–3.2 m·°С/W. And in Novosibirsk, where winter frosts reach an average of 42 ° C, this figure is much higher. It should also be borne in mind that not only walls take part in the heating processes, but in general everything that is inside the house - ceiling structures, floors, windows, furniture, as well as air. The architectural features of the enclosing structures and the presence of "cold bridges" play a significant role.
Wood as a building material
For comfort in the house, a combination of sufficient heat capacity and low thermal conductivity of the wall material is important. In this regard, the tree has no equal. it's the same good material for seasonal residences, in which the owners come only occasionally in winter.
A wooden house that has not been heated for a long time perceives a sharp change in temperature better.
The condensate formed when the heating is turned on is partially absorbed by the wood. Then the walls gradually release the accumulated moisture to the heated air, thereby helping to maintain a favorable microclimate in the living quarters.
Coniferous species are used in construction: spruce, pine, larch, fir, and cedar. In terms of price / quality ratio, pine is the most in demand. Its heat capacity is 2.3–2.7 kJ/(kg K). Along with the ancient technology of manual felling, houses built from rounded logs, profiled and ordinary timber, carriage, and glued timber have also gained popularity.
Whatever you choose, keep in mind the general rule for wooden walls - the thicker the better. And here you will have to proceed from the capabilities of your wallet, since with an increase in the thickness of the log, the cost of the material and the price of work increase.
In order to meet the required heat engineering standard, a log (rounded or hand-cut) must be at least 28 cm in diameter, and a profiled beam must be at least 24 cm thick. Then the house can not be insulated from the outside.
Meanwhile, the most common size of profiled timber is 20 × 20 cm, length up to 6 m. So the developer will have to immediately calculate and decide how thick the walls to build: 20 × 20 cm, followed by mineral wool insulation and sheathing (siding, clapboard, facade panels) or thicker without insulation and sheathing.
Separately, let's say about the usual (not profiled) timber measuring 15 × 15 cm. It is very popular in summer cottage construction, but nevertheless it is better not to build a house for year-round use from such material. It is only suitable for a small summer garden house. However, the appearance of such a house is unlikely to please you.
No matter how hard you try to caulk the gaps between the crowns, they still appear due to warping and uneven shrinkage of the wood. Birds take away caulking for nesting. Under the slanting summer rain, the wall gets wet through, and there is no need to talk about freezing in winter.
If you nevertheless chose this type of construction, then first wait for the new log house to settle (six months or a year) and proceed to its external insulation and cladding. The hinged insulation system (ventilated facade) will be optimal. Note that it is undesirable and even harmful to insulate wooden walls from the inside.
Glued beam...
Somewhat superior to massive timber and rounded logs in terms of strength and hardness. Due to its layered structure, the product is not subject to cracking and warping, and is resistant to decay. However, the thermal performance of laminated veneer lumber is only slightly better than that of a conventional pine log.
In a house made of timber, where the walls are 20 cm thick, you can live in winter. However, heating will be expensive. Such housing also does not meet the requirements of SNiP 23.02–2003 "Thermal protection of buildings" (for the middle band Ro = 3.49 m² °C / W).
Meanwhile, the cost of houses made of glued laminated timber varies between 40-80 thousand rubles. per m². The question arises, is it worth spending first on walls 20 cm thick, and then on insulation and cladding?
Yes, and it's a pity to cover a very decorative surface of glued laminated timber with a hinged facade. So this is where you need to think hard. For comparison, a house made of hand-cut logs will cost 40–70 thousand rubles. per m², the average cost of a house made of logs and profiled timber will be about 20-25 thousand rubles. for 1 m².
Competent insulation of wooden walls
With the help of special dowels, heat-insulating basalt wool slabs are attached to the walls. To prevent atmospheric moisture from penetrating into the insulation, the plates are tightened with a superdiffusion hydro-windproof membrane (film).
Such membranes protect the facade from rain, snow, condensation and wind. At the same time, they pass well the steam coming from inside the house. Further, guide rails are nailed to the walls with a certain step for attaching the finishing material.
Finishing can be vinyl siding, wooden lining of different widths and thicknesses, block house (planed board, made in the form of a rounded log segment) and other materials. It is important to leave air at the top and bottom to ensure air circulation in the ventilation ducts formed by the wooden guide rails.
Frame construction technologies
Perhaps not everyone knows, but the frame structure is one of the oldest. An example of this is half-timbered houses having a rigid supporting frame of racks, beams and braces. Our ancestors filled the space between the frame elements with a kind of insulation - reeds or straw mixed with clay, or more reliable material - raw bricks.
The frame was covered with tar so that it would not rot, and the clay filling was plastered and whitewashed. Part of the frame was usually left in plain sight, so half-timbered houses have a distinctive black and white appearance. The thermal performance of such a house is excellent, it is cool in summer and warm in winter. To date, there are a lot of options for frame technology.
Many countries, primarily northern ones, have contributed to their creation and development: these are Canada, the USA, Germany, Scandinavian countries. However, the principle is the same: wooden or metal racks, united by a horizontal strapping, sheathed on the outside sheet materials(oriented strand board, cement chipboard, waterproof plywood, etc.). The interior space is filled effective insulation- mineral basalt wool.
FROM inside mount vapor barrier film, a hydro-windproof membrane is pulled from the outside. Followed by decorative trim walls.
A frame or frame-panel house built in accordance with all the rules will serve you faithfully for decades. Frame and frame-panel houses can be partially or completely made from prefabricated elements, brought to the construction site and quickly assembled on site. They do not need powerful foundations; pile and bored structures are suitable.
A frame house can take on any appearance and look like wood, brick, stone, plastered. The same can be said about the interior decoration. The choice is huge: fiberboard, plaster, drywall, wallpaper, painting, wooden lining, panels and other materials. In the bowels frame walls it is convenient to place communications, electrical wires, heating pipes, which has a positive effect on interior design.
After the installation of the equipment and the completion of the finishing, the frame house is completely ready for living. If you are in your country house short trips, on weekends and holidays, there is practically no alternative to the frame structure. It can be quickly, literally in the evening, warmed up.
But if the heating is turned off, the "ice age" will come just as quickly. This is because, unlike concrete and brick, there is practically nowhere for a frame wall to retain heat. Even wood paneling cannot cope with this function due to its low mass.
And at mineral wool another calling: it plays the role of a reliable boundary between two temperature environments - cold external and warm internal. So it will not work to heat the frame house for the future. As for the price, general rule"Cheap is not good" works here too.
Excessive savings on the construction site is inappropriate. Price square meter strongly depends on the manufacturer of building elements, on the distance to the construction site, the wages of workers. On average, a turnkey house will cost about 19-24 thousand rubles. per 1 m² of total area.
Brick
Clay brick has always been a symbol of something stable and indestructible. Indeed, the brick is durable, frost-resistant, immune to atmospheric influences. But the thermal performance of the material leaves much to be desired.
Brick products can be divided into three groups:
1. Full body products:
- ordinary brick (density 1700–1800 kg / m³, thermal conductivity coefficient 0.6–0.7 W / m ° С);
- conventionally effective brick (density 1400–1600 kg/m³, thermal conductivity coefficient 0.35–0.5 W/m °C);
- effective brick (density less than 1100 kg / m³, thermal conductivity coefficient 0.18–0.25 W / m ° C).
2. Hollow bricks with voids from 5 to 40%. This can also include facing products.
3. Porous bricks, including large-format stone bricks. The low coefficient of thermal conductivity of the latter is achieved due to closed air pores, as well as the special structure of the material with voids in the form of honeycombs.
If we take into account walls with a thickness of 510 mm or 640 mm, covered with the necessary layer of "warm" plaster, then only effective ceramic products reach the norm. Walls made of solid and conditionally efficient bricks need additional insulation.
To solve this problem, three options are proposed: the installation of a plaster heat-insulating system, the installation of a hinged facade insulation system (ventilated facade) and the construction of three-layer walls with a heat-insulating layer. A brick house is good for permanent living. brick structures"breathe", that is, they are able to provide air exchange in the thickness of the walls, and have a solid thermal inertia.
Having warmed up, such a wall retains heat for a long time even with minimal heating, gradually releasing it into the surrounding space. That is, if it suddenly breaks heating unit, then it will be possible to hold out for a long time until the arrival of repairmen in a more or less comfortable atmosphere.
Cellular concrete
Aerated concrete is a collective term that combines finely porous building materials based on a mineral binder (lime, cement). This includes large-format blocks made of aerated concrete, gas silicate, foam concrete and foam silicate. Expanded polystyrene concrete is distinguished into an independent category.
The structure of the listed materials is formed by small air pores (cells). It is they that give products made of cellular concrete a high thermal insulation capacity and a relatively small volumetric mass.
Walls built using the technology of single-row block masonry do not require additional insulation. They also do not need a strong foundation. In terms of its environmental and other characteristics, this material is close to wood, but compares favorably with it in that it does not burn and does not deform when humidity changes. At the same time, in terms of its thermal performance, a wall made of cellular concrete is superior to a brick one.
Cellular concretes are subdivided into heat-insulating (density up to 400 kg/m³, porosity 92%), structural and heat-insulating (density 400–800 kg/m³, porosity 82%) and structural (density 800–1400 kg/m³, porosity up to 66%) .
That is, the higher the density of the material, the lower its thermal insulation ability. It is the finely porous structure that provides the material with a relatively small weight good warmth and soundproofing ability, as well as vapor permeability (which is generally not characteristic of monolithic concrete structures).
If we talk about high-quality aerated concrete products, then for the construction of a country house, blocks with a density of at least 500 kg / m³ should be used. Such aerated concrete is produced at large high-tech industries. The blocks are distinguished by geometric accuracy and compliance of the real characteristics of the material with the indicators declared by the manufacturer.
In order for the walls of aerated concrete to be of the desired quality, the masonry is carried out on a special mineral glue. This ensures the thickness of the joints is only 1–3 mm (for comparison, masonry on a cement-sand mortar gives joints of 12–15 mm).
At the same time, heat losses are significantly reduced, because thick seams are real "cold bridges" through which heat leaves the house. Foam concrete is more affordable than aerated concrete (for comparison, the first one will cost 1300 rubles / m³, and the second - 2800 rubles / m³), so many developers are turning their eyes to it.
But the point is that foam concrete blocks can be produced on special mobile installations in a rather artisanal way. Therefore, small businesses are often engaged in their manufacture. To obtain a finely porous structure, special substances are used - foaming agents.
For the most part, these are tanning extracts from the leather industry, various lyes, etc., that is, organic compounds that have a limited shelf life and different foaming abilities.
To reduce the cost of production, instead of quartz sand, manufacturers use substitutes in the form of industrial waste: fly ash, slag, etc. The hardening of the blocks occurs in natural conditions. The process proceeds unevenly, causing shrinkage deformations.
All this leads to, to put it mildly, vague technical specifications final product. The material has sufficient strength and retains heat well, but subject to manufacturing in accordance with all the rules.
Expanded polystyrene concrete (from 3500 rubles / m³) has a cellular structure, which is formed due to specially processed polystyrene granules. Polymer "grains", consisting of 90% of air, provide expanded polystyrene concrete with the highest heat saving rates among cellular concrete.
Its thermal conductivity coefficient is 0.055–0.175 W/m² °C. In addition, this filling has a water-repellent ability, which increases the water resistance of the material as a whole. In this review, we examined the main, most common building materials and technologies.
Don't limit your dream to standard shapes!
One of the main issues that is decided long before the start of building a house, both in the city and in the countryside, is the choice of material for building walls. The decision of what is better to build a house from can be slow and difficult. On the one hand, a wide range of proposed wall designs, especially considering the possible combination. On the other hand, local restrictions natural conditions and material market. All this is dominated by our tastes, desires and possibilities. In the following presentation, we will consider all the indicated aspects, analyze, compare and draw conclusions about which house should be built. The description contains selected examples from many years personal experience text author.
Buildings based on heavy materials
Heavy materials include concrete, brick, different kind blocks, concrete slabs, stone. Buildings made of such materials require a solid foundation; delivery and installation of building components are complicated and often require special equipment. Most often, these are strong, durable, but not cheap designs. During construction, it is necessary to withstand the foundation without load for a month before the construction of the walls begins. Brick and block buildings are more fire resistant than wood-based houses. Probably, it is problematic to engage in construction from heavy materials in frosty time on cement mortar.
Foam concrete house finished with brick and stone Habitual brick houses
Brick houses are widespread and popular since ancient times. There are quite a lot of types and types of bricks: silicate, ceramic, refractory, hollow, solid, finishing, etc.
Consider the advantages of brick:
- high strength and durability;
- excellent sound insulation;
- environmentally friendly material;
- a wide variety of sizes, colors and shapes.
The disadvantages include:
- big weight;
- low thermal insulation;
- high hygroscopicity;
- hard to process;
- relatively high cost.
brick houses can be very different As a feature, we mention the high heat capacity. Commenting on the above, we note that it is allowed to build buildings of the most different forms and sizes. Easy to implement various color solutions. In a beautiful durable and reliable brick building, almost any layout is provided. External walls do not require care. The radiation background of the brick has a meager level, and the material is considered environmentally friendly.
However, it is not easy to work with bricks: heavy material must be delivered, lifted to the desired height, the mortar is mixed and each brick is held in hands, laying accurately and evenly. To give the desired shape, you will have to use the "grinder". The brick absorbs moisture and, with insufficient protection, or the choice of an inappropriate design, can crack and crumble under the influence of frost. Improper use of brick leads to the appearance of "efflorescence" (white spots) on the facade of the building.
In this case, the most significant drawback should be considered low thermal insulation. To ensure the required level of energy saving, a wall of silicate bricks must be made with a thickness of 1.2m!
Brick and ceramic blocks for every taste Material manufacturers are trying to solve the problem by building voids inside the brick. The most successful solution is ceramic porous blocks. In terms of thermal conductivity, such blocks are almost 3 times more efficient than bricks. Blocks have sizes from (250x250x140)mm to (510x250x219)mm and replaces up to 14 standard bricks. Of course, laying walls is greatly accelerated and simplified. At the same time, porous blocks have strength no worse than ordinary bricks and frost resistance up to 50 cycles. The disadvantage of ceramic blocks is the relatively high cost, which is gradually falling, and this is encouraging.
A feature of brick walls is their high heat capacity, which in various situations can be both an advantage and a disadvantage. The temperature of the walls of a brick building slowly changes and tends to the average daily, which stabilizes the temperature inside the building as well. This, of course, a pleasant effect is noticeably enhanced if the outer side of the wall is insulated. When the heating is turned off for a short time, for example, for repairs, the temperature in the room will drop slowly, which is also a positive factor.
Everything is different if the dwelling is used for temporary residence: a guest house, a summer house, etc. So, at one time I thoughtlessly followed the general example and built a cottage from silicate brick. As a result, it turned out that it was impossible to use the house during the off-season. During 5 days of the week, the walls of the building cool down safely, and on weekends it is simply impossible to warm it up in a few hours in any way.
Practical expanded clay houses
After finishing, the "gray neck" of expanded clay concrete will become a wonderful "swan" Today we can say with confidence that claydite concrete is quite a successful invention of the past century. Quite a lot of buildings from expanded clay concrete have been built, although this is not striking. The blocks themselves have an unpresentable appearance, therefore they are covered with plaster, insulation and others. finishing materials. The blocks consist of a cement mortar with a filler of expanded clay gravel - pellets of burnt and porous clay.
Consider the advantages of expanded clay concrete blocks:
- satisfactory sound insulation;
- fairly environmentally friendly material;
- relatively small weight;
- good thermal insulation;
- good vapor permeability;
- relatively low price.
The disadvantages include:
- the impossibility of laying small decorative elements.
As features, we mention that the blocks are produced by small firms, the quality of which varies markedly. It should be added to the above that blocks of expanded clay concrete have dimensions (390x190x188) mm, which allows you to build buildings at high speed. The low cost of masonry, combined with the low price of the blocks themselves, ensures a relatively low cost of the finished structure.
Note that expanded clay concrete blocks can be made by hand using inexpensive equipment. At the same time, it is not recommended to build houses with a height of more than 3 floors due to restrictions on bearing capacity. The issue of the quality of the blocks is solved quite simply: you should not choose the cheapest option.
It makes sense to verify the honesty and experience of the manufacturer. There are a sufficient number of companies on the market that provide high quality blocks using imported high-tech equipment. The following video is about one such example.
Inexpensive housing from cinder blocks
Cinder blocks consist of a cement mortar with coal slag as a filler. Captured Germans built houses from slag after the end of the Great Patriotic War. These buildings have wooden floors and stairs, but they are plastered, painted and still serve people. True, the construction technology was somewhat different. Formwork was exposed along the perimeter of the building, which was poured cement mortar with locomotive slag. After the layer hardened, the formwork was moved up and so on, until complete.
The locomotive slag is gone, but many boiler houses and power plants run on coal, so the material is still relevant. Cinder blocks have the same dimensions as the expanded clay concrete blocks discussed above, as well as similar characteristics and are almost indistinguishable in terms of appearance. We note some features and differences. The slag used as a filler has been in the furnace and acquired some radioactivity. The level is quite acceptable, but there is an environmental issue. Another feature is that slag easily absorbs moisture.
I had to visit a house made of such material, built on the territory of Belarus. This area has relatively high humidity. Moisture appeared on the inner surface of the walls of the building, and a fungus appeared. On the contrary, in a house made of expanded clay concrete, built in one of the southern regions of Russia, I did not find any problems with moisture on the walls: the climate is dry.
Thus, cinder blocks should not be used for the construction of the basement of the building. Before laying cinder block walls, a flawless horizontal waterproofing between the building base and the wall should be ensured.
Expanded clay concrete and cinder blocks practically do not differ in appearance Wood concrete walls - an interesting solution
Another option for blocks that you can make with your own hands is wood concrete blocks. The same cement mortar acts as a binder, and wood chips plus sawdust serve as a filler.
Advantages of wood concrete blocks:
- sufficient strength and durability;
- good sound insulation;
- environmentally friendly material;
- relatively small weight;
- good thermal insulation;
- good vapor permeability.
The disadvantages include the following:
- unpresentable appearance;
- the impossibility of laying small decorative elements;
- noticeably more expensive than expanded clay concrete blocks;
- lack of reliable manufacturers.
Shavings and sawdust as part of the block are reliably protected from moisture and are not subject to decay. At the same time, they provide reinforcement and increase the strength of the material. Naturally, the filler facilitates wood concrete blocks and provides good thermal insulation. From such blocks it is allowed to erect buildings up to 2 floors without reinforcement and using floor slabs. The rough surface guarantees excellent adhesion to the plaster, which means that it is allowed to do without reinforcing mesh.
These wood concrete blocks do not look in the best way Shell rock is a wonderful local material
Shell rock is cut out of marine sediments of approximately the same size as expanded clay concrete blocks. Blocks of the M15 brand have a strength of 15 kgf / cm2, are characterized by high porosity and are suitable for the construction of one-story buildings. Mark M25 means strength 25kgf / cm.kv. and allows the construction of 2-storey buildings. The M35 brand corresponds to the strength of 35kgf / cm.kv. and is suitable for the construction of foundations and plinths.
Positive qualities of the material:
- high environmental friendliness;
- good thermal insulation;
- does not absorb moisture;
- low cost in the area of material extraction;
- high frost resistance.
Disadvantages of shell rock:
- fragile material;
- significant deviations of the geometric shape and size;
- high shipping cost.
The unusual color and texture of the shell rock attracts attention Note that the high cost of delivery leads to the fact that the final price of shell rock is 1.5 times higher than expanded clay concrete. However, this option should not be completely discounted. During the construction of a building not too far from the place of extraction, the shell rock is quite competitive with expanded clay concrete blocks. In addition, the unusual color and texture contribute to the use of shell rock for exclusive architectural and design solutions.
Houses from popular foam and aerated concrete
The construction of private houses from lightweight concrete is quite popular today. This is due to the following number of positive characteristics:
- good thermal insulation;
- light weight;
- high environmental friendliness;
- wonderful geometry;
- blocks are easy to process;
- good sound insulation;
- low cost.
Aerated concrete house: two floors plus an attic - quite realistic The disadvantages of lightweight concrete blocks include fragility and low strength. However, the construction of houses of 2-3 floors with floor slabs is allowed. At the same time, it is necessary to provide, although lightweight, but durable monolithic foundation.
The material shrinks, so after the walls are erected, the building box must stand during the warm season before the finishing works.
As an example: in the near Moscow region, I saw a beautiful 3-storey mansion made of foam concrete, the facade of which was covered with a continuous grid of small cracks. The building was plastered immediately after the walls were built. Now both frost and moisture continue their destructive work.
Manufacturers offer blocks with a thickness of 10 to 30 cm various options density and thermal insulation properties: structural, structural and thermal insulation and thermal insulation. If you use thermal insulation blocks with outside walls, and structural - from the inside, you can do without additional insulation.
Together with a relatively inexpensive foundation, a completely comfortable and relatively cheap structure is obtained. Note that blocks of foam concrete and aerated concrete are produced using different technologies, have different internal structures and characteristics. In the production of foam concrete, a foaming agent is added to the cement mortar, which creates closed pores inside the material. A powder blowing agent is added to the raw material for the production of aerated concrete, which leads to the appearance of small through channels in the thickness of the block. As a result, gas blocks absorb moisture much more strongly and need waterproofing.
Various types of concrete blocks Proposal of progress - a house made of TEPLOSTEN blocks
TEPLOSTEN blocks attract with their completeness. The outer and inner structural layers of the block are made of expanded clay concrete, and inside there is a polystyrene foam heat insulator. The design of the "hamburger" is completed by an external decorative element, painted in any color. Inside the block there is a fiberglass reinforcement that prevents material delamination.
One of the disadvantages of the block is low vapor permeability, due to the presence of foam between the layers of expanded clay concrete. This can lead to wetting internal walls at high humidity and inadequate ventilation. Probably in the dry southern regions this problem will not arise. The TEPLOSTEN blocks are almost 2 times more expensive than expanded clay blocks, but they do not need additional insulation and finishing of the outside. The relative novelty of the technology under consideration should be noted. It makes sense to make sure that everything worked out well for someone before deciding to build HEATWALLS from blocks.
The design of the TEPLOSTEN block Concrete panels - greetings from the USSR
In Soviet times, mass production of houses from large-panel blocks was organized. By today's standards, a 34 cm thick expanded clay concrete panel does not provide sufficient thermal insulation, so it is necessary to add insulation. The main advantage of building from panels is the high speed of building construction. Today, the low demand for large-panel blocks is explained by a small range of sizes, which leads to a limitation of possible planning solutions.
old acquaintances Wall panels THERMODHOUSE made of foam blocks poured with concrete
For the construction of a house using the TERMODOM technology, special foam blocks are used. The blocks are hollow inside and have thick walls. During installation, the foam blocks are laid in a row and filled with cement mortar. Reinforcement is inserted into the solution to strengthen the wall. Outside, the wall is plastered on a grid, or finished with siding. For interior decoration most often used drywall.
To strengthen the foam before pouring concrete, it is necessary to install a wooden formwork. Concrete is poured into the EPS formwork in layers, so it is necessary to wait for the previous layer to harden before moving on to the next one. Of course, this increases the construction time. It is allowed to erect 2-storey buildings with floor slabs.
The advantages of TERMODOM include:
- low cost;
- high thermal insulation;
- acceptable environmental friendliness;
- relatively easy job.
THERMODHOUSE made of polystyrene was designated above the surface of the earth We note the following as disadvantages:
- low vapor permeability;
- the difficulty of attaching furniture to the walls;
- insufficient knowledge of technology.
The presence of foam completely blocks the penetration of moisture through the walls, which can lead to wetting of the walls and the appearance of fungus. The use of a serious ventilation system in such conditions is simply necessary. Although in areas with a dry climate, such problems may not arise at all. In addition, it should be noted that the foam plastic burns, which means that the fire safety of the building will be noticeably lower than the option of brick and blocks.
In order not to disturb the inner layer of the insulation, it is necessary to provide channels for all types of communications even at the stage of pouring the solution. To hang heavy furniture on the walls, you will have to fix pre-embedded wooden elements to the concrete. The outer walls of the building must be closed from solar radiation in the foreseeable future.
This is how the construction of THERMODOM looks like Wood based buildings
In the recent past, most of the population of our country lived in wooden buildings. So the older generation evaluated the characteristics of such buildings from their own experience. More often wooden houses- These are lightweight eco-friendly aesthetic designs. During construction, a light and not even a monolithic foundation is suitable, that is, relatively cheap. Delivery and installation of materials is easier than for buildings made of heavy materials.
A wooden structure can be quite durable and reliable, but no impregnation will save you from fire.
Wooden houses are prone to rotting, termite attack and require constant maintenance. Protective measures such as antibacterial and fire impregnations, varnishes and paints are valid for a limited number of years. Periodically, all treatments must be carried out again. However, there are tools and technologies that, to a large extent, compensate for the shortcomings and emphasize the advantages. wooden structures. About the pleasant: the technology does not prohibit building wooden houses at a negative temperature.
Eco-friendly log house
I want to touch with my hands a pleasantly smelling log house A log house cannot but call positive emotions associated with the smell of wood, tactile sensations and a reminder of antiquity. Let's evaluate the positive and negative qualities of rounded logs.
List of advantages:
- environmental friendliness;
- aesthetics;
- good assembly speed;
- good vapor permeability;
- the possibility of transferring the log house to a new location;
- durability.
The disadvantages also need to be mentioned:
- the need for additional insulation;
- relatively high cost;
- the need for constant maintenance;
- change in geometry over time.
Log house and stone: this option is possible I will give laconic memories from childhood about living in a log house. IN winter time the stove in the house was melted in the evening "red hot". Already in the morning it was terribly cold, and I flew like a bullet to get warm in the kitchen to the open mouth of the Russian stove, in which my mother was already wielding her tongs. In other words, with permanent residence in a log house, it is difficult to do without additional insulation. In order not to use additional thermal insulation, logs with a diameter of at least 0.4 m are required.
The walls of logs are quite vapor-permeable, and the house breathes easily. Sometimes moisture can condense in the thickness of the log as a result of temperature changes, which leads to rotting of the wood. The tree itself is very environmentally friendly, no doubt, but what will happen to it after a variety of chemical impregnations and coatings? Big question! Unfortunately, you can't do without them.
Another feature - a wooden frame inevitably and constantly changes its geometry. You can somehow protect yourself from this by providing increased gaps in doorways and window frames. Fighting this problem, manufacturers dry and process wood, obviously not improving the environmental component and increasing the cost of the material.
In my opinion, it is better to refuse the use of logs, if there are alternative options, in the case of building a house for permanent residence. On the contrary, for giving, guest house, a hunting lodge, a bathhouse, that is, a structure not intended for year-round use - perhaps nothing better is needed! The building will not warm up for a long time and delight its owners with comfort and warmth.
Cottage made of timber - at least prestigious
Of course, timber is luxurious! In short, a house made of glued laminated timber is still prettier at home from logs, somewhat better in performance and noticeably more expensive. The beam does not dry out, does not crack, cracks do not form in the walls, shrinkage is noticeably less. Probably, such a country cottage should be built solely for reasons of prestige: there may be a very small country house.
Frame houses - a visiting card of Canada
Around frame houses there are many disputes: some consider them the perfect fruit of progress, others - a product of "decaying" capitalism. Let's figure it all out together.
While in Toronto, I talked with a former neighbor on the landing. Her husband succeeded in business, and the lady decided to make money by building an elite cottage for sale. When asked about the progress of construction, she threw out a mountain of negative emotions, the essence of which is reflected in the words: “They are building from all kinds of garbage!” No more - no less! From myself, I note that, walking around the city, which largely consists of private houses, I did not find any traces of rickety, collapsing or withering buildings. Against! I was simply amazed by the variety of architectural solutions. Literally, in each of these houses you want to live. I think if beautiful houses are being built from garbage in Canada, then this is the highest professionalism.
Modern frame house in Toronto However, when I was about to get my own house, I resisted the temptation of fashion and cheapness. frame house, and built a house of expanded clay concrete. Because in Russia there are cheap blocks, and their masonry is inexpensive. Because I do not believe in the quality work of small frame house manufacturers in our country. Moreover, I will not undertake to solder or control each connection in the wiring of the house, because of which it can burn out like a match.
Another is the opposite. If we consider the issue at the age of 20, when there is neither housing nor money, I would pick up a hammer and build the best beautiful frame house in the whole world. Now let's talk about the advantages and disadvantages of frame construction.
Positive:
- good thermal insulation;
- light weight;
- good installation speed;
- low cost;
- seismic resistance.
A half-timbered (frame) house in Germany has been standing for hundreds of years Disadvantages of frame houses:
- limited service life;
- the need to install communications outside the walls;
- limitation of options for planning decisions by the size of the source materials.
A feature of a frame house is that it warms up quickly enough and can be used not only for year-round, but also for temporary residence. The foundation will need light and relatively cheap. During the construction of the frame, various insulation can be used and the most different variants exterior and interior finishes. Frame components can be produced with a wide variety of levels of processing and quality. You can not do the project at all, or you can purchase a ready-made and proven one. Thus, we get a fairly wide range of prices and quality of construction.
Definitely, a house can be built by two people, and all materials can be delivered using a trailer. passenger car. Probably a frame house is the best way for many of us.
Walls made of SIP panels deserve attention
Big house from SIP panels built quickly A house made of SIP panels is practically the same frame, which means it repeats many of its qualities. A feature of the house is SIP panels, which consist of 2 sheets of OSB, between which there is a layer of foam. Environmentalists have questions about OSB panels, and the foam makes the material absolutely vapor-tight. The problem of vapor permeability of walls is still the same: internal surfaces can get wet, covered with mold and fungus. However, in dry climates southern regions our country is unbelievable.
Houses made of SIP panels have an undeniable advantage - the high speed of construction. At the same time, SIP panels are not the most best deal for the price: a house made of aerated concrete, for example, will turn out cheaper. Probably, from such material it is convenient to quickly build a summer house or an extension to the house.
Tables of comparative characteristics of houses made of various materials
The tables brought to your attention do not aim to replace the calculation of building a house. The idea is to understand the order of prices and compare the parameters of houses built from different materials.
The prices shown do not take into account differences between regions and inflation, but they are quite suitable for comparison and valuation. It should be taken into account that there are much more options for building walls, the choice of wall materials affects the design and cost of the foundation, and the cost of communications and finishing works can easily reach 50% of the total cost of building a building.
Estimated cost of 1m2 of walls
| Insulation and finishing \ Wall material | Wall without insulation | Plus facing kipich | Plus decorative plaster | Plus insulation and facing brick | Plus plaster for insulation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arbolite blocks 400mm | 3000 | 2900 | |||
| Gas blocks 400mm | 2600 | 2800 | |||
| Foam blocks 300mm | 2500 | 2500 | 2800 | ||
| Ceramic porous blocks 510mm | 3600 | 3600 | |||
| Ceramic porous blocks 380mm | 3300 | 3500 | |||
| Expanded clay concrete blocks 400mm | 3300 | ||||
| Shell rock 400mm | 4300 | ||||
| Cinder block 400mm | 3000 | ||||
| Brick ceramic M150 double 380mm | 3200 | 3500 | |||
| 2500 | |||||
| Teplosten TB-400 | 2900 | ||||
| 2800 | |||||
| 3800 | |||||
| 2800 | |||||
| 3800 | |||||
| Glued laminated timber 279*210 mm without thermal insulation | 6700 |
The following table shows comparative characteristics various options for the execution of the walls of the house and the overall rating is calculated. All parameters are evaluated on a 3-point system: 1 - bad, 2 - satisfactory, 3 - good. The scores in each column are first multiplied by the significance coefficients from the top row of the table, and then added together. The coefficients are also divided into 3 levels: 1 - not important, 2 - important, 3 - very important. Of course, everyone can set the coefficients of significance, based on their preferences, and get their own result. It is important that with the help of this table you can really choose required option walls of future housing.
Rating of the construction of the walls of houses from various materials
| Comparison Options | The cost of the builder stva | Ecological ness | Thermal insulation lation | Fire resistant responsiveness | Operating cost tions | Speed builder stva | Durability ness | Qualify- cation builders | Paroproni- value | Teploiner- rationality | Soundproof lation | Sum points |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Significance factor \ Wall material | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | |
| Arbolite blocks 400mm plus facing brick | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 60 |
| Gas blocks 400mm plus facing bricks | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 66 |
| Foam blocks 300mm plus facing brick | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 66 |
| Ceramic porous blocks 510mm plus facing brick | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 59 |
| Ceramic porous blocks 380mm plus insulation and plaster | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 54 |
| Expanded clay concrete blocks 400mm plus insulation and plaster | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 57 |
| Shell rock 400mm plus insulation and plaster | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 53 |
| Cinder block 400mm plus insulation and plaster | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 53 |
| Ceramic brick M150 double 380mm plus insulation and plaster | 3 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 50 |
| Styrofoam fixed formwork | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 47 |
| Teplosten TB-400 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 61 |
| Frame-panel, thickness 174 mm | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 40 |
| Panel narcas based on SIP panels, thickness 174 mm | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 39 |
| Rounded tree with a diameter of 320mm | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 40 |
| Beam profiled with a section of 210 * 210 mm without thermal insulation | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 40 |
| Glued laminated timber 279*210 mm without thermal insulation | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 34 |
I hope that the above material will help you solve the key problem of building a house - what is more profitable to build walls from. Summing up, it can be noted that the fastest way to build a house using SIP panels; the cheapest housing frame technology, and the most reliable building has walls of stone and brick. If you want prestigious, expensive and environmentally friendly - this is a house made of glued laminated timber. In any case, which option is better is up to you.
