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How to make a grafting pruner yourself. What is a good grafting pruner: its strengths and weaknesses

For a gardener, whether amateur or professional, there is always enough work to do in the garden. Especially during the period of pruning or grafting trees, when you need to spend a huge amount of time and physical effort on working with a pruner or knife. An ordinary garden pruner appeared in our arsenal for a long time. Over the past 30 years, a simple mechanism, often with an archaic coil spring, has evolved into a modern powerful and ergonomic tool that can cut significantly large quantity material.

A modern ratchet pruner often allows you to cut a branch even with one hand. Replaceable blades, the use of high-strength plastic grades, and a comfortable handle design make the tree pruner truly comfortable to use. The use of telescopic rods allows the pruner to be used for pruning tall trees.

Functions of the grafting pruner

But still, until recently, a significant part of the work had to be done with a garden knife, for example, budding or grafting. Until the grafting pruner appeared. For us, the instrument is new and rather unusual. A quality grafting pruner will usually perform three basic operations:

Important! In appearance and design of a garden grafting pruner, it is very difficult to make a correct assessment of the quality and durability of its work.

The difference in price for very similar models of Chinese and European production can differ by almost five times. Even taking the tool in hand and having experience with the grafting pruner, it is very difficult to distinguish professional level garden tool from an amateur toy. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the main differences.

Secateurs for grafting trees on your site

Conventionally, all grafting pruners offered on the market can be divided into three categories:

Professional-level tools with high quality workmanship and well-thought-out mechanism;
Semi-professional and amateur tools, designed mainly to work on their own site with a small number of trees and shrubs;
An outright fake, most often made in China, but decorated in a European design. In some cases, the country of origin of such an instrument cannot be established.

There are two ways to approach the question of how to choose a tool for your own needs. You can buy an inexpensive version of a garden grafting pruner, which is enough to graft several tens or hundreds of points, as a rule, there is not enough resource for more, and the pruner simply fails, breaks down and cannot be repaired. Or you can opt for an expensive professional or good amateur grafting pruner. Such a tool is enough to work in the garden for the rest of his life.

Grafting pruner, professional models

Most models of grafting secateurs designed for a long and serious load, as a rule, do not have a spectacularly designed appearance, bright colored plastic, an additional set of nozzles or devices that expand the capabilities of the secateurs. This is a working tool designed for very high-quality performance of one basic operation of cutting a branch with a curly cut.

Most often, a professional grafting pruner comes with a spare knife and a key, with which you can replace the installed knife with a spare one. In this case, the main and spare knives match in configuration and shape of the cut being made. Typically, this knife cuts in an omega-shaped cut. The procedure for changing a knife in a professional grafting pruner is simplified as much as possible and reduced to the need to unwind three, maximum four attachment points.

The main secret of a good grafting mechanism is the high quality of the cutting edge of the knife. Unlike fakes and amateur secateurs, a professional knife is made of black carbon forged steel. This solution allows you to cut even very dense wood of a dogwood branch without applying much effort to the handles.

Another feature of a cool tool is the presence of minimal gaps and backlashes in the moving parts of the grafting drive. If you press the handle, the cutting head will rise without the slightest delay to the surface of the knife, and after the end of the cut, it will accurately return to its original position.

Grafting pruner high quality, usually made of high-strength and very hard plastic, aluminum alloy and hardened steels. In any other models of the graft cutter, metallized paint, anodized aluminum, a large number of chrome and nickel parts can be found.

High quality amateur models

Unlike professionals, amateur models are designed to cut branches with a smaller diameter, for example, for a professional, cutting a branch from 4 to 12 mm is recognized as the standard, while an amateur model of a grafting pruner will be able to cut 9, maximum 10 mm.

The design, device and dimensions of an amateur pruner are often almost identical to a professional model, but when trimming, the force that must be applied to the handles of the grafting pruner is noticeably greater. In some cases, cutting has to be done by pressing the handles of the tool with both hands.

This is understandable. For professional pruning, as a rule, a large amount of work is implied, which simply cannot be done by pressing the handles of the tool with maximum force. Therefore, in addition to the omega-shaped knife, the amateur model is always equipped with an additional V-shaped knife, which is much easier to trim, even in the case of hard cherry plum wood.

The mechanism of an amateur grafting tool may have some gaps and backlash. It is quite simple to determine them, you need to pick up the tool and shake it several times, you will hear the ringing of loose parts. Such a design usually does not affect the quality of work, except that the ejector tooth of the tool and the knife can become clogged with small pieces of wood.

The main difference between an amateur grafting tool and a professional one is the quality of the cutting element - the knife. Unlike professional models, where the knife is always hardened by cold forging, for an amateur, the cutting edge is carburized and hardened. Accordingly, even after high-quality sharpening, edge stability and cutting force are at a lower level. The knife has to be sharpened and polished more often.

Separately, it is worth mentioning the procedure for replacing a knife in an amateur model of a grafting tool. Most often, to change a knife, you need to unscrew 5-6 attachment points, disassemble half of the drive mechanism, remove an uncomfortable coil spring, and at the same time try not to lose or confuse anything. If you try to parse grafting tool and perform this procedure in the field, then you will probably lose some of the details.

The manufacturer of amateur models often understaffs the tool different kind nozzles and devices with which you can expand the capabilities of the grafting pruner. But for masters with a long experience of circumcision, grafting and budding, such devices cause a lot of criticism.

A luxurious garden always requires proper and professional care. Many gardeners will say that the arsenal of tools for such purposes can be the most diverse, but one of necessary tools there will always be a pruner for grafting trees.

It is indispensable in the gardener's work, they remove unwanted shoots and branches, form ornamental shrubs, help plants grow, make the necessary vaccinations or stimulate their nutrition.

To date, several types of secateurs are presented in socialized stores, one of which is designed for grafting. Why do you need this cutter? What are its main functions?

2 How the grafting pruner works

3 On which plants can you use a pruner?

4 Types of grafting pruners

5 How to choose the right pruner

6 DIY secateurs

7 How to make the use of the tool long?

Grafting pruner: features and purpose

The grafting pruner has become the innovation that allows you to get practically 100% result during vaccinations. The principle of operation of the device is as follows: a cut is made on a scion and rootstock with an accurate blade on a pruner. It is the ideal blade that guarantees a cut from which the two parts of the branch fit together. After such a tool, the gardener only needs to fix the two parts in the chosen way. This device made it possible to radically change the views of gardeners on the process of vaccination, now it has become easy and elementary.

Today, manufacturers produce universal secateurs with three types of nozzles: V, U and omega, which allows you to perform different kinds garden grafts. Now every gardener will be able to put the nozzle that is necessary for a particular tree and grafting method.

A feature of the tool is its durability. As practice shows, one tool is enough for several thousand cuts. Gardeners note that such a tool does not pose a danger to humans, its principle of operation and device are thought out to the smallest detail.

How the grafting pruner works

There is a lot to be said about this miracle device. However, to see it in action, to learn about its correct use, is much more useful. Well, if someone you know already has a grafting pruner, you can come up to see, try. But if this is not possible, then it is better to get acquainted with the description of the principle of operation and what happens in the future with grafted plants.

The tool itself consists of the following parts: work and support blades, bolt with nut, spring, lock and handle. The working blade performs a direct cut and has a high cutting ability due to its peculiar geometric shape. Such features make it easy to split plant tissue and not damage it. The anvil blade is curved to minimize friction and keep the plant safe.

The grafting pruner has a groove through which the juice from the plant flows. The nut and bolt act as a retainer that ensures a snug fit between the blades. To limit the stroke, a buffer is installed, and the spring allows you to bring the tool to its original position. To bring the secateurs into a non-working state, a latch is installed.

What plants can be used with secateurs?

There are many options for trees and shrubs that can be grafted with a special pruner. But the most common the options are:

Types of grafting pruners

Garden pruners for country work can have various forms and principle of operation, mechanism and purpose. It is these criteria that will be fundamental when choosing a tool.

According to the principle of action secateurs are as follows:

planar. In this case, the blades are sharpened only on one side, and the movement occurs towards each other;
contact. The blades are sharpened on both sides. These blades are in line. These secateurs are used to remove dry knots.

In addition, division occurs according to the following criteria:

ratchet. They have a special mechanism that can cut branches up to 3 centimeters thick in diameter;
rod. These secateurs have long handles. This makes pruning easy and possible on tall trees;
accumulator. The process of work in such devices is automated, hands during trimming perform a minimum of movements. Such a pruner has only one drawback, you always need to monitor the charging of the battery;
electrical. They can be used on large areas that require regular maintenance. But there is one main disadvantage - you need long cords and carrying.

How to choose the right pruner

The power of the grafting pruner is astounding in its power. He can easily eat branch with a diameter of 2 centimeters. But how to choose the right tool? What should be paid special attention to in order to maximize its service life?

To begin with, the pruner in the store must be put in your hand and feel how it lies in it. It will directly depend on this whether corns appear when using it or not. Next, you need to pay attention to the details themselves and the material from which they are made. Also need to know following rules to help minimize plant injury.

It is very important to understand what types of steel can be used in garden pruner for grafting:

SK 5 - high carbon steel. It makes it possible to make thick and large blades. For such a tool, the price will be high, but it will fully justify the quality and long term services.
SK 50 - medium carbon. This option is more economical, but the blades of the grafting pruner will last relatively long and reliably.
Stainless steel. This option has great appearance and is not susceptible to corrosion. Parts such as the handle, dimensions and coloring do not really matter.

Why is it necessary to purchase a grafting pruner?

Every thing has its positive and negative points. The grafting pruner is no exception, so each user must understand what he will work with and what positive and negative sides he will receive.

Positive aspects of the secateurs:

can be used without special knowledge, skills and abilities, while vaccinations will always be performed correctly and correctly;
all procedures will be carried out quickly, since cuts on parts of the branches do not require additional fitting. This increases the chance of the cuttings living, since the sections do not have time to dry;
if a person has a large number of fruit or ornamental trees, then with the help of such a grafting pruner, large amounts of work can be done quickly.

Some gardeners say that this tool may have negative sides, such as:

the pruner has a certain size, which provides for the processing of shoots of the same diameter. The maximum allowable difference varies between 2-3 mm. If it so happened that one of the parts of the cuttings is larger than the allowable size, then you will have to use a grafting knife;
despite the fact that the manufacturer gives indicators for the limiter ranging from 4 to 12 mm, in practice these figures range from 7 to 10 mm. This significantly limits the thickness of rootstocks and scions;
the pricing policy of many manufacturers is very high, so gardeners and summer residents choose a knife.

DIY secateurs

Many summer residents and gardeners, having familiarized themselves with all the features and disadvantages of the factory grafting pruner, make this tool on their own. But it should be noted right away that they can be used only for branches of the same diameter. The most popular option was the garlic tool. In order for the garlic maker to become a pruner, you will need to make knives with your own hands.

Another option would be to make a tool from a grafting vise. To do this, take a small vise, which any locksmith always has. A curved blade is attached to the pin, and the action itself will be performed by pressing and turning the handle.

Of course, the use of homemade secateurs will be problematic, but the result will be no worse than after the factory version.

How to make the use of the tool long?

To begin with, you need to read in detail the instructions for the tool, which are supplied by the manufacturer. Here will be indicated storage and operating conditions tool.

Be sure to provide a secateurs proper care, because it depends on the work and the duration of its use.

Each time, after finishing work, you need to carefully clean the blades from the remnants of the vegetation that will form after cutting. Do not wash the secateurs under water or leave it in the rain. This will only worsen the condition of the blade and cause the blades to dull quickly.

The spring also requires special care. with fixing bracket. They, together with the blade, must be wiped with a dry cloth and lubricated with an astringent or oil. Such procedures should be regular and carried out after each use of the instrument.

In the purchased secateurs, the blades always become unusable, first of all. But you can sharpen them yourself. You should not wait for the complete unsuitability of the blade, they need to be sharpened at regular intervals. Sharpening will be necessary when, when cutting branches, the knives begin to bite into the branch and stop cutting it halfway.

For the sharpness of the blade, only a sharpening bar is not enough, you need to be able to choose the right movements and directions. Knife sharpening should only be done stone at 150 particles per sq. cm. Before sharpening the secateurs, it is better to remove the blades, in the case when this is not possible, you need to fix the tool in a vise. Further, movements are performed with a bar in one direction, simulating knife sharpening. Such movements must be performed until the knives become sharp.

Grafting pruner is a necessary thing for every gardener. In order for the tool to do its job perfectly, to become a real helper in agriculture, it must be properly selected and provided with the necessary care during the entire time of use. Only such an approach to the tool will ensure a long service life for many years.

We must not forget that timely grafting is the key to plant health.

Successful grafting requires a steady hand, a good eye, dexterity, and a sharp knife. The grafting pruner is useful for the novice gardener and the professional. Each tool has advantages and disadvantages. A tool in inept hands will be useless if the basic requirements of the correct one are not met.

Grafting pruner device

If a conventional pruner consists of a cutting surface that compresses and deforms the cadmium layer, this is unacceptable for a graft pruner. Therefore, the tool has a working blade that creates a figured cut in a shape that allows you to perfectly match the two open surfaces of the scion and rootstock. The other blade performs a supporting function. Moreover, the supporting blade repeats the profile of the branch at the moment of stop, so as not to cause injury to it. When squeezing the tissues, juice is released, which flows down the groove of the knife. The nut and bolt fix the fit of the support and working blades to each other. spring mechanism returns the blades to their original position.

If the vaccination is carried out on a one-year-old seedling, removing the stem, the stock is fixed from above. When planting a seedling, you need to take on the stock so as not to pull out a weak scion from the nest. The omega-shaped notch at the junction gives top scores, but not suitable for working with dense tree species.

Based on the described process, it is clear that in order to make an accurate, even cut without squeezing over a large area, special steel is needed. Therefore, the quality of the tool depends on:

from the materials used for the manufacture of the cutting part of the grafting pruner;
method of manufacturing and connecting parts:
obtaining a cutting surface and its thickness.

High-carbon steels are considered the best, with the manufacture of parts by forging or riveting. Forged products have a special strength, but also increase the cost of the process significantly.

The cutters at the moment of impact create a figured cut of the same profile, so the graft and stock are ideally combined if the rods are of the same section. Watch the video on how the grafting pruner works, and everything will become clear.

What attracts a new tool for a gardener and an amateur:

Guaranteed coincidence of two cuts of the rootstock and scion.
Fitting is not required, the cut is clean, made quickly, which means that if hygiene is observed, the cutting will take root.
With a high speed of operations performed, a professional will do more work in a day.

The disadvantage is the very high cost of a quality tool. Pruner price for the best manufacturers approaching a hundred thousand rubles. This is what determines why so many homemade devices that work effectively.

It is impossible to perform high-quality grafting if the difference in the thickness of the scion and rootstock exceeds 3 mm.

Contrary to the declared parameters, the grafting pruner rarely makes a high-quality cut when the thickness of the branches is more than 10 mm.

Why buy a professional Grafting Tool Grafting Pruner

This professional tree grafting tool is considered the benchmark for quality. Made from the best tool steel, by forging the blade by pulling the blade, the knife does not blunt, as it goes into dense wood like butter. With the help of very thin forged V-shaped, U-shaped and omega-shaped blades, curly cuts can be made with a pruner for grafting trees and shrubs. Which knife to use, the gardener decides, depending on the density of the wood. Nozzles change instantly. They are double-edged and withstand up to 3000 cuts. The tool has a 3-year warranty, which does not cover consumables.

No less high quality and all other parts made of reinforced plastic and high quality steel. To sharpen knives, a special tool is required, but there is no need for sharpening:

each side of the blade can withstand at least 3000 cuts, and there are 2 of them on each nozzle;
there are three attachments included with the professional grafting kit secateurs grafting tool;
The store always has replacement nozzles that are not expensive.

There is an alternative to an expensive tool. Chinese and Belarusian manufacturers offer their products at a price several times lower than the Italian instrument. Chinese models are good only on the first cuts. They easily bite into thin, fresh wood. With the possibility declared by the manufacturer to work with grafting material with a cross section of 13 mm, they become blunt at the very first cuts, and later fall apart from the applied efforts.

The new grafting pruner tool was patented in 1983 in the USSR. Invented by scientists Kostrikin I.A. and Melnichenko N.I., first for vineyards, and in 1992 for fruit and ornamental plants. The purpose of the invention was to facilitate the manual labor of the peasants.

The Belarusian grafting secateurs are made using tool steel for knives and steel 20 for handles and handles, making them stronger. Aesthetics give silicone pads. Zinc coating prevents corrosion of metal parts. Belarusian knives are of high quality, as the cutting part is elongated by forging, just like in Italian products. Such a grafting pruner costs 1600 rubles, it is available to villagers with low incomes.

Making your own grafting pruners

Having got acquainted with the device and the principle of operation of branded tools developed by designers, the craftsmen adopted the shape of knives and created their own tools.

For the knives to go into soft tissue twigs without injuring them, it requires the transfer of great efforts by a lever or screw and a knife created for its design. Garlic and small yews are used. For craftsmen, even drawings are not needed to make a do-it-yourself grafting pruner. Homemade tools are used by professionals and deserve good reviews.

Overview of grafting secateurs of different models - video

Foreword

Many gardeners can attest that propagating trees by seed is not the most ideal and certainly not the best. fast way. It is much better to graft different varieties, however in this case you will need a special tool for grafting fruit trees.

Necessary tools and materials

Knife File

Why should you get vaccinated and what are the benefits?

Unfortunately, the long period of tree growth and obtaining a quality crop is not the only disadvantage of propagation through seeds. Alas, plants that grow from seeds practically do not retain the quality and properties of fruits, most often leaning towards their wild ancestors. That is why other fruit trees became the most effective method breeding.

Other benefits of vaccination include:

trees become less susceptible to diseases and pests;
increased productivity and productivity;
increased winter hardiness.

Grafting is the transplantation of a scion onto a rootstock. This procedure became possible due to the fact that plants can quickly grow together, healing wounds. However, it is best to choose species similar in origin - apple trees with apple trees, plums with plums. To successfully graft trees, you need to purchase a specialized tool for the job.

Knife as the main tool for grafting fruit trees

The main tool that you will need during the work is a tree grafting knife. The success of vaccinations largely depends on its quality and sharpness. And here it is necessary to competently approach the choice of products and care for them. So, when choosing a knife, pay attention to the metal of the blade itself. The blade of the tool must be made of high quality material, durable, the blade must not bend from side to side. In addition, it should be borne in mind that you may need several types of knives for grafting:

Grafting knife (copulation), characterized by an elongated blade with a straight blade. This grafting tool is just perfect.
A budding knife required for kidney grafting. The blade of the knife has a sharpened blade that allows you to make clean cuts. At the opposite end of the knife there is a "bone" made of plastic, which is suitable for separating the bark from the trunk of a tree.

Undoubtedly, it is very important to sharpen knives correctly. To do this, you will need a file and several bars with varying degrees of grit, a belt, a whetstone and green paste. The blade of copulation knives is sharpened on one side: index finger press the blade against the bar, while doing a back-and-forth motion. This ensures uniform sharpening. The blades of the budding knives are sharpened on both sides. To do this, you first need to use a coarse-grained bar, after which sharpening is carried out using a fine-grained whetstone.

The next step is to use a belt and green paste. To facilitate the work, we apply green paste to the belt, put the plane of the knife on the belt and move it forward so that the entire plane of the product is pressed against the belt. The other side of the blade is processed in the same way. So that the bars do not become unusable a few weeks after use, it is necessary to wash off the graphite mass formed after sharpening from the surface of the products.

Other tools and devices for grafting fruit trees

A knife is not the only tool you may need. It is also necessary to purchase trees for grafting, with which you can cut old branches and correct the crown. You can not do without garden pitch and strapping material.

Recipe for garden var:

On a small fire, melt one part of rosin, add one part of wax there and vegetable oil. Instead of rosin, you can use the resin of coniferous trees, instead of oil - fresh pork fat.
The mixture is boiled over a fire, stirring constantly until the consistency of garden pitch becomes thick.
After that, set aside the solution to cool, then add a little alcohol until the mass begins to spread, after which the mixture can be used.

The main advantage of a hand-made garden pitch is that it can be used until autumn without heating.

In addition, it does not lose its viscosity even in extreme heat. It is important to use the var correctly. For example, when working in hot weather, keep in mind that the mixture will liquefy in such weather, which can lead to the solution entering the junction of the scion and rootstock. As a result, the vaccine will fail. That is why it should be used moderately, lubricating the cut of the cutting with the thinnest layer.

It is necessary to purchase material for tying the grafting site. Electrical insulating tape is best suited here, which is cut lengthwise into strips no more than 8 mm wide. If there is no electrical tape, you can use strips cut from plastic bags 2 cm wide and up to 20 cm long. When tying, the material is folded along, and the ends of the material are fixed with a knot. There are gardeners who prefer to use a bast for tying. But in this case, the material on top should be lubricated with garden pitch, which will protect the product from drying out.

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