wells

Rules for planting a garden in the country. Orchard: rules for planning a garden and choosing trees

orchard you need to plan slowly, having thought everything over well, since the future harvest will depend, among other things, on the right place. For the fruit garden, you need to allocate a bright open area. It is undesirable to lay an orchard in a lowland, where water will accumulate after bad weather or spring snowmelt.

Start bookmark orchard need with inspection and preparatory work, which include cleaning the site from old stumps, stones and other debris, digging all the land on the site and analyzing the soil. Soil analysis will show you what kind of fertilizer you should apply in the future. If you spill all the land in the area with water, this will provoke the growth of weeds for their subsequent removal.

The next step is planning garden plot.

The following data can influence the location of the orchard:

Location relative to the house (in front of the house, behind the house, on the side of the house)
Regarding the cardinal points
The presence of other garden areas on your site - flower beds, beds, ponds, lawn, etc.

Before you break orchard, you also need to decide which breeds and varieties will grow in it. Many trees reach maturity only after 7-10 years. In this case, the harvest will have to wait a long time. In case you don’t want to wait, and you want to get a crop the next year, you can plant large-sized ones.

Large sizes - These are mature trees, aged 4 to 7 years, around the root system of which an earthen clod is formed. When transplanting such trees, as a rule, special equipment is used.

When choosing tree species, one must remember that many species do not like neighborhoods and inhibit each other's growth. In addition, different trees in the orchard have completely different preferences for light and soil. It is advisable to consult with a specialist, or study the relevant literature.

Moreover, each culture has its own structural features of the root system. For example, in an apple tree, the roots can grow up to 10 m in width, and up to 6 m deep. The pear root system, on the contrary, grows deeper - up to 10 m, and in breadth - up to 6 m.

If the soil in your garden is heavy, the tree will not be able to take root deeply. Such a tree is likely to be weak.

Of course, it is difficult to find ideal conditions in our orchards for each tree. But still, the basic rules for planting trees will help you set up a healthy orchard that pleases with its harvest. In order for a tree not only to grow, but to bear fruit and be strong, it is necessary to provide it with an optimal layer. fertile soil, which will be the source of the necessary moisture and nutrition.

When planting large-sized plants, your dream of turning the site into a blooming orchard quickly turns into reality. In addition, the root system of such trees is already practically formed, and they can be transplanted without fear.

Modern technology allows you to transplant mature trees ( fruit large-sized) without much problem.

Trees prepared for transplantation should naturally be healthy and not damaged. Trees that have a hollow are not suitable for transplanting.

The crown of a large-sized fruit must be significantly thinned out (remove some skeletal branches by about 1/3 of their length) in order to avoid moisture evaporation. Cover the wounds formed after pruning with garden pitch.

The soil ball should be cubic or cylindrical.

The pit is prepared in advance (1-2 weeks in advance). Its dimensions should exceed the earthen clod (twice in height, and three times in width).

The bottom is being prepared - a mixture of expanded clay is poured, then humus, sand, peat and black soil. The percentage composition of this mixture depends on the type of wood.

After planting the large-sized plant, all the free space in the pit is covered with good fertile soil. Then, it is slightly compacted.

And, of course, well watered. Moreover, an irrigation system (aeration tube or root watering) is provided.

Additional reinforcement with guy wires will help stabilize the transplanted tree.

It is necessary to choose young plants (1-2 years). So they get along better. The root system in older seedlings is easier to damage.

Orchard seedlings usually planted in autumn or spring at rest (when vegetative processes are slowed down).

When planting seedlings, a hole is dug in advance (approximately 80x80 cm) and filled with fertile soil. The soil from the depth of the pit can be distributed along the trunk circle. If the seedling is planted immediately after digging a hole, the soil at the bottom must be compacted - tamped with feet and poured with 1-2 buckets of water.

Also, organic fertilizers (compost, manure), and mineral fertilizers are applied to the planting pit. The amount of fertilizer for each tree species is different. It is better not to add mineral fertilizers directly to the roots of the plant. Only the ground from the top layer.

Landing seedlings for orchard broken branches must be removed. The roots are trimmed (to a healthy part) only if they are damaged.

A healthy seedling should have a well-branched root system. If the roots have dried out along the way, they can be placed in water for about 12-24 hours. Immediately before planting, it is advisable to dip the roots in a clay mash.

If planting is not possible within a few days, the seedling should be wrapped with a damp cloth and several layers of newspaper.

Leaves, in order to avoid evaporation of moisture, it is better to carefully remove.

When planting, it is desirable to take into account the position of the seedling relative to the cardinal points. For 1-2 years, while they were growing in the nursery, they adapted to certain light conditions. The south side of the stem of the seedling can be distinguished by its darker brown coloration. The lighter side is the north.

Do not deepen the root neck! It should be at ground level. soil trunk circle after planting, they mulch, and the seedling itself is tied to a peg (not tight, with a figure eight).

Main orchard seedlings- these are pears, cherries and plums.

(19 ratings, average: 4,53 out of 5)

You can often hear from inexperienced summer residents that their trees do not produce such fruits as expected. And they start buying ultra-modern seedlings, cutting down all previously planted trees. But in most cases, the people themselves are to blame for the fact that the trees grow poorly and bear fruit. Most likely, tree planting was carried out according to the principle “the more the better”, there was no question of garden planning at all. And the result of such work was ever-sick, fruitless plants.

The main thing for every owner of his own plot to understand is that the creation of a garden, just like the creation of a house, must begin with careful planning.

Where does the garden begin?

The garden begins with what needs to be carefully analyze soil quality and climate in which your trees and shrubs are to grow and bear fruit. If your site has too clay or sandy soil, then it is worth fertilizing it with black soil, peat and other useful components so that the roots receive enough nutrition.

Climatic features that interfere with fruiting:

too cold winters;
late spring frosts;
excessive moisture.

Therefore, trees should be selected based on the climate in which they will grow. Otherwise, you will never get fruit.

tree selection

To choose fruit trees and shrubs for the garden plot should be strictly local selection. After all, only those apple, pear and cherry plum trees that are accustomed to the local climate will be able to successfully bear fruit. They perfectly adapt to changes in temperature and humidity, delighting their owners with fruits, if not every year, then every other year.

Southern fruits - apricots and peaches-very afraid of autumn dampness. This is due to the fact that in a humid climate, flowering does not end with pollination, and they become just barren flowers without fruits. And pollen, along with moisture, simply falls to the ground. No less dangerous for these shrubs are spring frosts, which occur at the time of flowering of apricots.

Sweet cherry does not tolerate the proximity of groundwater, and if reclamation is not carried out in time, the plant will wither in the very near future. Excessive dampness in the spring also does not bring benefits: the fruits begin to blacken and crack even before they ripen. Therefore, the planting of shrubs should be carried out in previously drained soils.

It is worth choosing plants, strictly considering their performance. Think about whether it is worth allocating a few meters of land for trees that will bear fruit every five or six years, or is it still easier to go to the store and buy a few kilograms of apricots or peaches, and plant trees on this land that will delight you with the harvest.

Gallery: garden layout (25 photos)

Plot marking

In order to know which trees to plant on the site, you need to draw a diagram on paper, on which there will be all the existing buildings and those that you still plan to build: a house, a bathhouse, outbuildings. In addition, you should draw those trees that you are not going to uproot.

This is necessary because every building or tree casts a shadow on everything that grows on your site. Consequently, shrubs, trees and other plants will begin to stretch in the direction where there is more light. They spend a lot of energy on this, which could be spent on laying fruit. This will last until the top of it gets closer to the light and overcomes the barrier. And therefore, if your house or bath completely obscures the planted trees and shrubs, then they cannot always outgrow them and they will never bear fruit.

In order to properly distribute the trees on the site, you should also paint the height of each building and the direction of the world. Shade those areas on which the shadow will be located almost around the clock. These zones not suitable for planting trees and shrubs. Here you can safely plant flowers, make a pond or pool. In order for the trees to bear fruit, shade zones should be excluded from the places for planting them.

planting

Now you should figure out how to plant trees on the site correctly. To begin with, the gardener must decide how many trees and shrubs will grow in the garden. If you do not want to periodically prune the plants, then on one hundred square meters of a garden or orchard, you can plant no more than 7 pears or apple trees. Because growing up, they will begin to interfere with each other, casting a shadow. And so a private house the garden and vegetable garden on the site will only be decorated.

If pruning of plants is still planned, then you can plant up to 15 fruit trees on one hundred square meters. If you consider yourself to be smart summer residents, then spend money on columnar trees and plant them at a distance of a meter from each other. Examples of trees of this type can be found on the Internet or in a seedling store.

It is worth remembering that pruning leads to a decrease in fruit only in apricots and cherries, because the fruits grow along the entire branch, and therefore it is not customary to cut them. All other trees require constant pruning. This will help add light to the fruiting branches, and the fruits will become larger. The best option would be to form a crown in the form of a ball or wall if you planted plants near the fence.

Apple and pear trees should be planted at a distance of at least three meters from each other.. But the planting of shrubs can be carried out at a distance of at least one and a half meters from each other. The layout of the garden and vegetable garden should be carried out from south to north, so the plants will not cast shadows and interfere with each other.

Do not make the garden rectangular - it will not be very convenient when caring for plants. If the gardener has broken a rectangular orchard, then he will have to move around with equipment and fertilizers very carefully so as not to damage the tree trunks with a wheelbarrow.

Garden plan

The modern layout of the garden has ceased to be strictly rectangular. And this happened because right angles are completely inconvenient to go around with a wheelbarrow during fertilization or watering the beds. Therefore, modern beds are made in such a way as to make it more convenient. Interesting ideas garden plot layouts can be peeped from other summer residents and gardeners.

Nevertheless, there are a number of basic principles that help to achieve the maximum yield from the minimum number of beds:

If the gardener chose not to think about the layout of the garden or vegetable garden, then he will have to thoroughly suffer with the cultivation of garden and horticultural crops. So, having thoroughly sweated once, planning the location of trees or vegetables on the site, you can save yourself from unnecessary work in the future.

In order to grow a garden of fruit trees on your site, you must not only decide on the place and plants, but also take into account the basic nuances, such as planting patterns, hole sizes, planting and caring for seedlings, which will be discussed in this article.

Garden layout

When a place was chosen for planting seedlings, it is important to decide on a scheme for planting them. It is recommended to plant trees according to four schemes, which have their own peculiarities in the arrangement of plants, make it possible to simplify the process of caring for seedlings and get a bountiful harvest.

The most common planting pattern is quadratic: it allows you to create comfortable conditions for garden care. According to this scheme, trees are planted in even rows. The distance between trees depends on their type and variety.

Important! It is also necessary to take into account the landing pattern in order to rationally use the space, therefore it is better to arrange the trees in a square plot according to a quadratic pattern.

If dwarf varieties were chosen, optimal distance between rows will be 4 m, between trees should be left 2.5 m. Classic species that were grafted on a wild rootstock should be planted at a distance of at least 3.5 m from each other, between rows - 5 m. Tall and vigorous species should be at a distance of 4 m, between rows 6 m is kept.

The quadratic planting pattern is suitable for trees that are not demanding on lighting, normally tolerate partial shade created by adjacent rows. Usually apple trees of different varieties are planted this way, some varieties of pears.

Chess

The chess scheme is very similar to the quadratic one, only in each square between four trees one more tree is planted. The scheme is denser, therefore it is suitable for planting medium-sized plants with a small crown. If the garden is located on a slope, then the chess scheme will be the best option planting trees to reduce soil erosion by precipitation.
The staggered planting method allows trees to receive maximum amount light, therefore suitable for light-loving plants - plums, apricots, peaches, as well as for apple and pear trees. The distance between the trees should be 4 m, between the rows it is better to leave 5 m.

Planting trees in a triangular pattern is characterized by a denser arrangement of plants with a large crown. According to the triangular scheme, all trees will be evenly standing, which will allow planting 15% more plants than according to the quadratic scheme.

To find out the optimal distance between plants, you must be guided by the rule of doubling the indicator of the maximum width of the crown of an adult tree. For example, if the crown width is 4 m, then there should be a distance of at least 8 m between plants on all sides.
Thanks to the triangular planting pattern, plants can receive the maximum amount of light. Cherry, apple, pear, plum, apricot, peach are suitable for planting with this scheme.

horizontal layout

The horizontal planting pattern is used in the case of the location of trees in a hilly area. Plants in this case are planted along horizontal lines, which makes it possible to reduce soil erosion processes and successfully grow seedlings on uneven areas. For fruit plantings, an elevated area is chosen, preferably in the south of the site. It is necessary to lay fruit trees in such a way that the maximum height of the trunks is directed to the north.
Thanks to this arrangement, the plants are provided with the most large quantity Sveta. The distance between them in this case should be at least 3 meters, between rows - at least 5. Any fruit trees are suitable for planting in a horizontal way.

garden planting

When the planting scheme has been determined, it is necessary to proceed with the selection and purchase of seedlings, which will then take root on the site.

Choice of fruit crops

In order for plants to bear fruit well, you need to be able to choose them correctly. Therefore, pay attention to the recommended growing region, soil and other conditions. There are special varieties that have been bred for each region: they easily tolerate frosty winters, different types soils are less sensitive to adverse weather conditions. Consider the basic recommendations for planting trees that feel normal in mid-latitudes.

The most popular fruit plant in mid-latitudes is the apple tree. This culture is photophilous, so it is better to plant it in a well-lit area. An apple tree can grow on gray forest, soddy-podzolic soils, chernozems, which are distinguished by a light mechanical composition with a neutral or slightly acidic reaction. The tree does not tolerate excess moisture, so plant it on small hills, in areas with deep groundwater - at least 1.5 m deep.

Did you know? apple orchards in the world cover 5 million hectares, and every third fruit tree in the world is an apple tree.

It is recommended to plant a pear on the south side of the site, as areas with harsh winters often cause trees to freeze. The site must be selected well protected from the wind, which is especially important in winter period. Pear grows well in moist soils, ground water should be no closer than 1 m to the soil surface. The ideal soil for pear is loamy, sandy loam or slightly podzolic.
Cherries prefer warmer regions with more sunshine and heat. The seedling is not recommended to be planted in the lowlands, as the cherry has poor winter hardiness and often freezes. The territory must be chosen well-ventilated - in this way many tree diseases can be avoided. As for the soil, the cherry prefers fertile soils with a light mechanical composition, characterized by high air permeability. Cherries are planted on light and medium loams, which allows you to get the maximum yield.

Plum also prefers well-lit areas, so it is necessary to plant seedlings on the south side of the site, on moist clay soil with a thick fertile layer and a neutral reaction. Plum also grows normally in the northern regions, but subject to the basic recommendations for planting and caring for the plant. Apricots grow well in mid-latitudes and subtropics in the most illuminated areas with plenty of sunlight and heat. Apricot trees need to be well protected from northerly winds: they can be placed on slopes and in places that are inaccessible to cold air.
The tree is best planted in light, well-drained soils. Peaches are planted in southern regions with a lot of heat and sunlight, because they are unstable to severe frosts that damage fruit buds. Peaches grow well on light loams with high air permeability and drainage, a prerequisite is high-quality wind protection.

How to choose and buy seedlings

It is important not only to choose the right place for planting seedlings, but also to planting material, in order to ensure a good survival of the tree and obtain consistently high yields in the future.

Important! It is preferable to buy seedlings in nurseries, avoiding markets and other dubious places.

First of all, it is necessary to pay attention to the age of the tree: it is optimal to acquire planting material of two years of age, older trees have a low survival rate. Look closely at root system seedlings - it must be healthy, contain, in addition to skeletal, numerous growing roots. Do not buy trees that have knots, thickenings, growths, nodules, nodules or other dubious formations on the roots.
The minimum number of skeletal roots for a two-year-old seedling is 3, it is preferable to choose seedlings that contain more than 3. Do not buy trees that have gross mechanical damage to the roots created during the process of improper digging. The height of a two-year-old seedling should be at least 1.5 meters; healthy trees contain three lateral branches that are evenly distributed along the trunk. The bark should be smooth, not have any scratches, cracks.

Did you know? There is an interesting method for determining the duration of storage of an excavated tree: it is necessary to pinch a tree branch between a large and index finger, and if the seedling is fresh, then a slight coolness will come from the tree, and if the seedling is dry–you will feel warm.

Planting hole preparation

Depending on the type of fruit tree, the planting pit is prepared in different sizes and different shapes, but for almost all trees, round pits with sheer walls are best suited, which can ensure the normal development of the root system. The size of a hole dug in cultivated soil with a deep fertile layer should be about 70 cm in diameter and 70 cm deep.

If a tree is planted in a territory being developed for the first time, the size of the pit will increase three times, since it will need to be filled with a sufficient amount of nutrient mixture, which in the future will serve as a reservoir of substances necessary for the normal development of a young seedling. Heavy clay and sandy soils involve digging a hole 1 m in diameter and 1 m deep. Experienced gardeners advise digging wider and shallower holes in clayey dense soil so that water does not stagnate in their lower layers - this will have a detrimental effect on plant roots.
If planting will be done in the spring, then the pits must be dug in the autumn of the previous year, if the planting will be done in the fall, then the pit is dug in May-June. This is necessary so that the fertilizers that were applied to the soil are well mixed and ripened, that is, they form the necessary microbiological environment.

Tree planting rules

Depending on the type of fruit tree, there are rules for the size of the pit, planting time and other nuances that need to be considered:

apple trees they are often planted in the spring, if the seedling is not older than 2 years, so that over the summer the tree takes root, grows and survives wintering normally. Spring planting should take place in early May - late April, when the ground has already thawed and warmed up a little. If the seedling will be planted in the spring, then the pit can be prepared a week before planting. The size of the pit will depend on the soil: if it is quite fertile, then 60 cm in depth and in diameter will be enough; if the soil is poor, then the depth should be at least 70 cm, and the diameter should be 80 cm. Seedlings of 3-4 years of age can be planted in autumn , since the already strong tree is not afraid of winter frosts. Planting is best done in early October, so that the roots have time to strengthen before winter. In autumn, it is recommended to plant young trees in the southern regions with fertile soil. A hole is dug the same size as in the case of planting in the spring, but it is prepared a month before planting.
pear can be planted both in spring and autumn. Spring planting (at the end of April) excludes the possibility of death of the tree from frost. It is better to prepare the pit in advance, in the fall of the previous year. During this time, the soil will shrink, and after planting the seedling, the root neck will not deepen much, which guarantees the normal survival of the plant. The hole should be about a meter wide and about 50 cm deep. If the soil is poor, then the hole is dug deeper and filled with several buckets of fertile soil. As in the case of an apple tree, a pear is planted in the southern regions in autumn, which allows the seedling to take root normally. In addition, a pear that was planted in the fall and survived the winter will be stronger and more resistant to future frosts. It is better to dig a hole in the spring, the size of the hole in depth is 50 cm, the diameter is 1 m, and planting is carried out in early October.
Apricot in the spring it is recommended to plant before the buds awaken on the seedling - in mid-April. The pit is prepared in autumn, its minimum size is 70 cm deep and 70 cm in diameter. The preparation of the pit for the autumn landing should be carried out in a month, or even two. A width of 1 m is required, and a depth of 80 cm. The optimal time for landing is the beginning of October.
Cherry often planted in spring (end of April), especially in the middle lane and northern regions, since over the summer the seedling grows, becomes stronger and normally tolerates wintering. The hole must be dug in advance better in autumn, its depth should be at least 50 cm, diameter - 80 cm. In autumn, planting cherries is practiced only in the southern regions, sometimes in middle lane. The optimal time for planting is the end of September, so that before the first frost hits, the tree gets stronger. The pit is prepared in the spring, the size is the same as in the case of landing in the spring.
Peach is a heat-loving plant, therefore, even in the southern regions, planting is carried out in the spring (end of April). The pit is prepared in advance, best of all in the fall, the size of the pit should be at least 70 cm deep and 1 m in diameter.
prefers spring planting in the middle lane and in the northern regions; in the southern regions, planting seedlings in the autumn is most often practiced. In the spring, the plum is planted at the end of April in a prepared hole. It is better to prepare the pit in the fall, add organic fertilizers to it, which will overheat over a sufficiently long period of time and create ideal conditions for a young seedling. The pit should be at least 60 cm deep and 70 cm wide, or more. In autumn, at the beginning of October, the plum is planted in a hole that was dug in the spring and fertilized with organic matter, the size of the hole is 60x70 cm.

Did you know?Unlike other fruit trees, plums cannot be found in nature in the wild. Plum was obtained by crossing blackthorn and cherry plum more than 2 thousand years ago.

How to care for newly planted trees

When the seedlings are planted in the soil, at first, special attention should be paid to regular watering. The frequency of watering depends on weather conditions and the regularity of rainfall. The minimum amount of water to be poured under one tree is 20 liters at a time. You need to water 1 time in 2-4 weeks. It is recommended to check the soil for moisture with a stick: if the surface of the soil has dried out by 20 cm, it's time to water the seedling.

The place around the seedling should be mulched - this is necessary in order to create a favorable environment for the root system, retain moisture in the summer, and slow down the growth of weed vegetation. Mulch is poured in a fairly thick layer (15 cm) at a distance of 1-2 meters from the trunk - sawdust, straw are used. The near-stem circle is regularly loosened and rid of weeds. It is especially important to loosen the soil after watering, when it is compacted from the water. Loosening is carried out to a depth of no more than 5 cm, so as not to damage the young roots.
Be sure a young tree for the winter should be insulated so that it normally endures frosts. Warming the trunk will also help protect the bark from rodent attacks, which gnaw it in winter, which leads to the death of the seedling. The procedure is carried out in early November, tying lower part trunk with spruce branches not less than 70 cm in height. Whitewashing of trees is carried out 2 times a year - in autumn and spring. Autumn whitewashing is done on a sunny, not rainy day at the end of September, and spring whitewashing should be carried out during a period of slight frosts, when the first insects have not yet appeared.

Important!Very young seedlings, which still have a greenish, unformed bark, cannot be whitewashed, as this can lead to disruption of metabolic processes.

For whitewashing prepare a mixture of slaked lime - 2 kg, blue vitriol- 0.2 g, water - 10 liters. The bark is pre-prepared, clearing diseased areas, moss. You can whiten using a coloring brush. Whitewashing is carried out from the bottom of the trunk, gradually rising to the skeletal branches. Skeletal branches whitened 30 cm from the branching point.

How to decorate a new garden

To make a garden with fruit trees even more beautiful, you can add additional decor elements, plant some plants and lay paths, so let's look at each item in more detail.

How to lay paths in the garden

The easiest way is to equip the path from the backfill with the base. To do this, they dig a ditch 10 cm deep, lay it out with geotextiles, and reinforce the sides with curb tape. Pebbles or crushed stone are poured into the prepared area. A more complex option is the construction of a durable coating in the form of solid flood paths.

The base of such a coating is concrete, on which decorative elements are laid in the form natural stone, paving slabs. The path is recommended to be laid on a slight elevation so that it is 5 cm higher than the rest of the soil level, which will save it from the effects of rainwater and soil sediment.

What plants can be planted in the garden

Flowers are the most popular garden decoration. They are able to complement other plants and create a complete picture. Popular annual flowers for planting in the garden include marigolds, asters, cosmos, zinnias, and petunias. Among perennials, bells, daisies, carnations, forget-me-nots, pansies can be distinguished.

Additional decor elements

As additional decorative elements in the garden, wooden fences can be used, which enclose small flower beds, garden figurines, decorative rock. Along the edges of the paths, you can install decorative lanterns. You can make decorations with your own hands from wood or already unnecessary household items - dishes, furniture, plastic bottles.

Thus, equipping a garden of fruit trees is not an easy task, but if you follow the basic rules and follow the recommendations that are described in detail in our article, this will help you avoid many common mistakes.

Video: garden plot planning rules

Was this article helpful?

Thank you for your opinion!

Write in the comments what questions you did not receive an answer to, we will definitely respond!

If you have purchased a plot, growing fruit trees is a great use, as they require less maintenance than, for example, vegetable crops, but still provide a large yield, not to mention the decorative appeal of the garden. True, in order for the forces, time and finances to be spent on its arrangement not in vain, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with all the nuances of this work. Therefore, in this article we will consider how to plant an orchard on your site.

Site Requirements

Ground water level

So that all efforts to grow a garden are not in vain, it is necessary to study the conditions on the site. Most important point is the proximity of groundwater. They must flow at a depth of at least 2.5 - 3 meters.

If fruit trees are planted in an area where groundwater is located closer to the surface, then the trees will grow up to a certain point, after which they will die. This is due to the fact that their roots will grow and, in the end, reach the groundwater, after which they will rot and die. The harbinger of the death of a fruit tree is the drying of the top of the crown.

Therefore, if you purchase a plot specifically for a garden, you should find out in advance at what depth the groundwater is located.

Advice!
In the central strip and in the northern regions, it is best to grow fruit trees in areas with a slight slope, as they receive more heat from the sun.

The thickness of the fertile layer

The efficiency of a garden also largely depends on the thickness of a fertile garden. For fruit trees, it should be large enough. In addition, it is desirable that the soil be moderately moist and permeable to air and water.

To explore the soil, in different places of the site it is necessary to dig trenches with a depth of about 2-2.5 meters, i.e. to the depth where the root system will develop. In this case, it is necessary to pay attention to dense layers of soil, which must be breathable.

If the soil layers are too dense, then this disadvantage can manifest itself only a few years after planting - they will begin to grow poorly and may even die completely. Of course, you can grow an orchard, even if the site does not quite meet these requirements, however, you will have to spend a lot of time and effort. In such a situation, it would be more appropriate to start growing vegetables.

Site relief

When choosing a place for a garden, you need to pay attention to its relief, namely, the presence of lowlands and depressions. If water stagnates in them for a long time after rains or snow melts, then you will have to fill them up to even out the relief. This procedure will be costly.

If the terrain is not leveled, the trees will grow poorly as a result of soil salinization and become susceptible to fungal diseases.

garden planning

tree selection

If the site meets all the basic requirements, you can start planning it. To do this, first of all, you need to choose fruit trees for the garden.

Depends on the following factors:

Household preferences, because what's the point of growing, for example, cherries, if no one will eat them?
Climatic conditions - you can plant only those plants that are suitable for growing in your climate.

In addition, it is necessary to determine the number of trees. Do not chase the dream - to have a big garden. You should realistically estimate how many crops you can care for.

Arrangement of trees

Having decided on the plants, you need to plan their location on the site.

First of all, consider where you can not plant trees:

Near the local area - if the trees are located closer to the building than 5 meters, their roots can damage the foundation. In addition, during strong winds, branches can damage the roof.
Along garden paths– plant roots can swell the soil and damage the coating. In addition, falling fruits will interfere with movement.
- harvesting from branches located on the side of neighbors will be difficult.

So that the fruit and berry garden gives good harvest, you should not place trees randomly on the site. The natural style is used to decorate the landscape, however, it complicates the maintenance of the garden, which in turn reduces its productivity.

Advice!
Aisles of trees can be planted with bushes of currants, gooseberries and other crops.

There are several geometric arrangements of plants:

Quadratic - plants are arranged in even rows, which provides the most convenient conditions for work.
Checkerboard- this scheme is denser, since there is one tree in the center of each square. This arrangement can be used for medium-sized plants that have a small crown.
triangular pattern- is the most dense arrangement of trees with a large crown.
Horizontal arrangement- implies the presence of a slope in the area along which ledges are created.

Advice!
It is better to allocate a hill for fruit plants, it is desirable that it be located in the southern part of the site.
In this case, the laying of plants must be done so that the height of their trunks increases towards the north.
This will provide all the trees with light.

Another important point when designing a garden is the distance between seedlings. For different types plants, it should be different:

Note!
When planting dwarf and semi-dwarf varieties, the distance between them can be reduced to one or two meters.

Site preparation

For trees to grow well, the soil must be fertilized and prepared in a special way, no matter how good it is.

The instructions for doing this work are as follows:

First of all, the site must be fertilized with peat or manure. For one square meter one and a half two buckets of fertilizer per square meter should be applied.
Then the site must be dug up to the depth of the spade bayonet. It is advisable to perform this procedure in the fall.
If the soil is acidic, ground limestone should be scattered on its surface and mixed with the soil.
In the spring, the site must be dug up again and leveled with a rake.

After completing these procedures, you can proceed to landing.

Tree planting

Landing time

Planting trees is necessary when the plants are at rest, i.e. in autumn after leaf fall or in spring before buds swell. In the middle lane and in the north it is better to engage in this procedure in early spring and in the south in autumn.

In spring, trees can be planted immediately after the soil thaws, when the soil stops sticking to the shovel. In autumn, it is advisable to complete the work two to three weeks before the first frost, so that the seedling has time to take root.

In the photo - apple tree seedlings

Planting seedlings

Different types of seedlings are planted in different ages Apples and pears are best planted at the age of two to three years. Plums, cherries and sweet cherries are usually planted at the age of two years.

Note!
It is extremely important to choose good varieties for planting that can cross-pollinate each other.
Before making a choice in favor of a particular variety, it is advisable to consult with experienced gardeners.
For seedlings good varieties the price can be quite high, however, in this case it makes sense to pay more.

For two-year-old seedlings, the trunk should be about two centimeters thick and about 50 centimeters high. When choosing, you should pay attention to the root system, which must be intact and have a length of at least 30 centimeters.

Landing

It is advisable to prepare the pits a week before planting.

Their size for different plants should be different:

Apple and pear trees - depth 50-60 centimeters, diameter 80-100 centimeters.
Plums and cherries - depth and width of about 35-40 centimeters.

When digging a hole, the earth must be sorted - the upper dark layer should be folded in one direction, and the lower one in the other.

The process of planting trees with your own hands is as follows:

In the center of the hole, you need to make a hill from the topsoil.
Then two buckets of compost should be added to the ground.
After that, the seedling is located in the center of the pit, and its roots are neatly straightened around the hill.
After that, the hole must be covered with earth, holding the seedling. This work is more convenient to do together.
After backfilling with earth, the plant needs to be watered (one and a half to two buckets per seedling).
To prevent evaporation of moisture, the soil around the tree should be sprinkled with a layer of compost or peat a few centimeters thick.

Note! The root neck after planting (the place of transition from the root to the trunk) should be located 6-8 centimeters above the soil level. As a result, after the earth settles, it will be at ground level.

All other seedlings are planted in the same way. If the work is done correctly, then it remains only to provide normal care for the orchard and you can wait for the first harvest. You can find detailed information about caring for young trees on our portal.

Conclusion

It is not difficult to plant an orchard on the site, however, it is necessary to strictly adhere to all the above rules. Only in this case, the complex of work performed will give a positive result. From the video in this article you can get some Additional information on this topic.

Every gardener who starts planting fruit trees should know how to properly plant a garden. The beauty of the future garden, as well as its productivity, will depend on this. Let's take a step-by-step look at how to approach the layout of the site and do everything right.

What to Consider

Immediately before planting a garden on the site, it is necessary to carefully weigh and analyze the following factors:

the area for the garden, which you have. Recall that for each tree with a lush crown, you need at least 4 square meters. m of soil;
site topography. It is advisable to plant an orchard on a flat area or on a gentle slope;
climatic conditions in your area. The choice of horticultural crops will depend on how severe the winters and how long the summer is;
soil composition. The land must be fertile and light. Fruit trees do not grow well on stony, clay soils, and also where groundwater lies close to the surface of the earth;
accessibility of the site for the gardener. Do not forget that you have to regularly care for your plantings: pruning, fertilizing, loosening the soil.

Video "Rules for planning a garden plot"

In this video, an expert will tell you how to properly plan a garden plot.

Planning steps

A well-planned orchard will not only bear fruit regularly, it will also be cozy, beautiful and convenient for the gardener himself, and then the tree care process will not cause much trouble. But for this it is important to perform the steps to lay out the garden in a certain sequence.

Site selection

Everyone knows that most fruit crops prefer to grow in sunny places. Therefore, the plot for the garden should be located in such a way that heat-loving plants are located on the south (in extreme cases, south-west) side.

If you have a very limited area, you will have to plant plants in steps: undersized crops will grow to the south, taller crops closer to the north side.

Choosing plants for planting

Once you've chosen a site for your garden, it's time to decide which trees you want to plant in your garden. A detailed diagram of the future garden with the application of all existing or planned buildings will be useful here - so you can clearly see what the real picture of the plantings will be.

When choosing crops for planting, be sure to consider not only the size of adult plants and their soil and lighting requirements, but also make sure that the selected plants can effectively pollinate each other - this way you will ensure stable future crops.

You should also take into account the timing of fruit ripening: for example, when planting apple trees, try to have both early and late varieties, and then the harvest time can be extended and enjoyed fresh fruit long time.

Accommodation on site

To fruit plants developed well and fruited effectively, they need to be planted at a certain distance from each other, as well as from the outbuildings or decorative buildings in the garden. For example, if you decide to plant cherries or plums on the border of the site, step back from the edge of at least 3 m (this also applies to the distance from fences or buildings). If apple trees are chosen as boundary plantings, the indentation should be even greater.

If you have grafted the selected crops onto tall rootstocks and are planting them in rows, keep a distance of at least 5 m between the latter. The spacing between trees within each row should be approximately the same. If this condition is neglected, you will force your plants to stretch (since they will not have enough sunlight), and the productivity and yield of trees will accordingly decrease significantly.

For low-growing crops, the indicated distances can be reduced by about 1 m.

How to lay a garden

So, we decided on the placement of trees and the site plan. It's time to start planting the garden.

First of all, you should prepare the landing pits. If the landing is planned in the fall, then the holes should be taken up in the summer; for the spring planting, the pits have been prepared since the fall. A layer of drainage material is placed in each hole, as well as the necessary fertilizers. When the time comes for planting, we fill the hole with fertile soil so that the tree “sits” on a low mound.

Another important factor is the age of the seedlings. If we are talking about shrubs, it is quite possible to buy one-year-old seedlings. Trees take root better if they are planted at the age of three.