Energy levels. Chemistry So, how to determine at what level of energy your own body is

Each person is a kind of microworld, microsystem, microcosm. But we do not live in isolation, not far from each other. Millions of invisible threads bind humanity into a single whole. And the vibrations of the Cosmos sent to the Earth may or may not coincide with our own vibrations. Our own well-being and how our relations with the outside world depend on this.

The concept of levels

What are energy levels? By and large, these are the stages of people's spiritual development, their ability to control their own biofield and influence the biofields of others. Also, these levels allow us to determine how much biological (i.e., the body is endowed with and what are its capabilities. Ancient healers were sure that a person, in addition to physical anatomy, has another. Energy levels are the very second, hidden for the ignorant anatomy, which is no less important and significant than the first one.It is associated with such concepts as chakras and channels, because through them, through them, Divine energy enters and circulates in us.

Chakras and levels

When the chakras are clean, not clogged, without blocks or other barriers, the energy levels are open, and the person feels completely healthy both physically and mentally. If failures occur in the body, they mean a rather unpleasant signal about blockage of the channels. ceases to function as it should, the biofield is weakened. He becomes an easy prey for various kinds of diseases, ranging from endless acute respiratory infections, tonsillitis and flu to the most serious oncological or mental illnesses. When the energy levels are in order, the biofield is clear, elastic, similar in shape to a clear ellipsis.

Level system

There are 7 chakras in the human body. They are located along the spine, and each has its own name and purpose. The distribution by energy levels, depending on the state and degree of functioning of the chakras, occurs in this way:

Masters who have mastered all the subtleties of energy knowledge, enlightened ones, can move in time and space, have absolute knowledge, and are constantly connected to the Universal Channel. This can only be achieved through hard work on yourself.

ENERGY LEVELS

Parameter name	Meaning
Article subject:	ENERGY LEVELS
Rubric (thematic category)	Education

STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM

1. Development of the theory of the structure of the atom. FROM

2. The nucleus and electron shell of the atom. FROM

3. The structure of the nucleus of an atom. FROM

4. Nuclides, isotopes, mass number. FROM

5. Energy levels.

6. Quantum-mechanical explanation of the structure.

6.1. Orbital model of the atom.

6.2. Rules for filling orbitals.

6.3. Orbitals with s-electrons (atomic s-orbitals).

6.4. Orbitals with p-electrons (atomic p-orbitals).

6.5. Orbitals with d-f electrons

7. Energy sublevels of a multielectron atom. quantum numbers.

ENERGY LEVELS

The structure of the electron shell of an atom is determined by the different energy reserves of individual electrons in the atom. In accordance with the Bohr model of the atom, electrons can occupy positions in the atom, which correspond to precisely defined (quantized) energy states. These states are called energy levels.

The number of electrons that can be on a separate energy level is determined by the formula 2n 2, where n is the number of the level, which is indicated by Arabic numerals 1 - 7. The maximum filling of the first four energy levels in. in accordance with the formula 2n 2 is: for the first level - 2 electrons, for the second - 8, for the third -18 and for the fourth level - 32 electrons. The maximum filling of higher energy levels in atoms of known elements with electrons has not been achieved.

Rice. 1 shows the filling of the energy levels of the first twenty elements with electrons (from hydrogen H to calcium Ca, black circles). By filling in the energy levels in the indicated order, the simplest models of the atoms of the elements are obtained, while observing the order of filling (from bottom to top and from left to right in the figure) in such a way that the last electron points to the symbol of the corresponding element At the third energy level M(maximum capacity is 18 e -) for elements Na - Ar contains only 8 electrons, then the fourth energy level begins to build up N- two electrons appear on it for the elements K and Ca. The next 10 electrons again occupy the level M(elements Sc – Zn (not shown), and then the filling of the N level with six more electrons continues (elements Ca-Kr, white circles).

Rice. one

Rice. 2

If the atom is in the ground state, then its electrons occupy levels with a minimum energy, i.e., each subsequent electron occupies the energetically most favorable position, such as in Fig. 1. With an external impact on an atom associated with the transfer of energy to it, for example, by heating, electrons are transferred to higher energy levels (Fig. 2). This state of the atom is called excited. The place vacated at the lower energy level is filled (as an advantageous position) by an electron from a higher energy level. During the transition, the electron gives off a certain amount of energy, ĸᴏᴛᴏᴩᴏᴇ corresponds to the energy difference between the levels. As a result of electronic transitions, characteristic radiation arises. From the spectral lines of the absorbed (emitted) light, one can make a quantitative conclusion about the energy levels of the atom.

In accordance with Bohr's quantum model of the atom, an electron having a certain energy state moves in a circular orbit in the atom. Electrons with the same energy reserve are at equal distances from the nucleus, each energy level corresponds to its own set of electrons, called the electron layer by Bohr. Τᴀᴋᴎᴍ ᴏϬᴩᴀᴈᴏᴍ, according to Bohr, the electrons of one layer move along a spherical surface, the electrons of the next layer along another spherical surface. all spheres are inscribed one into another with the center corresponding to the atomic nucleus.

ENERGY LEVELS - concept and types. Classification and features of the category "ENERGY LEVELS" 2017, 2018.

This three-part post will take you through the secrets that have helped thousands of men and women just like you take charge of their health in order to restore youth and energy to their bodies.

• [Are you here]- Part 1. Five main levels of the energy status of the body

In this publication of three articles, you will learn the secrets of Chinese medicine that will help you quickly restore health and launch rejuvenation mechanisms, because you will know how to “squeeze out” any ailment from your body.

These secrets have helped thousands of men and women just like you take care of their health into their own hands to restore youth and energy to their bodies.

Very soon you will learn that will help you quickly improve the quality of your life. But before that, let me tell you about some of the facts that influenced how these secrets became available to ordinary people living outside of China.

The point is that the Chinese don't believe in the medicine we are used to. In the treatment of most diseases, they use:

• special exercises for internal organs
• and self-massage methods certain points.

At the heart of this approach is doctrine of life energy, on which everything that happens to our body depends, and the routes along which this energy circulates inside our body.

Because until recently, modern science could not objectively confirm the presence of this energy, this made it difficult to officially recognize the Chinese approach to the treatment of diseases.

The situation changed in 1970. During US President Nixon's visit to China, the Chinese government arranged for the American delegation to visit a Beijing hospital. The members of the delegation were shown open heart surgery, where instead of anesthesia, acupuncture.

This fantastic scene shocked the members of the American delegation and became starting point for the official spread of Chinese medicine in Western countries.

Today, the World Health Organization is helping to develop Chinese medicine in dozens of countries around the world.

And although Chinese medicine has received these days official recognition all over the world, at the beginning of the boom that caused its popularity among millions of ordinary people, influenced by a completely different fact.

In 2005, Professor Wu Qingzhong, who was engaged in scientific research in the field of Chinese medicine, wrote a small book for his friends called .

In it, he simply and clearly outlined the basic principles of Chinese medicine, taking into account modern scientific knowledge. He also showed how he himself uses these principles in combination with simple exercises to maintain his health and trigger natural self-healing mechanisms.

He did not publish it, but simply posted it on the Internet ... and in a matter of weeks it was read hundreds of thousands of people. The book became a bestseller with millions of copies. And a flurry hit the author rave reviews and a hurricane of questions.

To answer the many questions from readers who have become committed to Professor Wu Qingzhong's approach to quick and easy recovery of health, he asked his friend - Dr. Zheng Fuchzhong - to write a book on practical advice so that every person who cares about their health can, without leaving home, restore and strengthen it.

Thus, another bestseller was born - the famous and incredibly popular book by Dr. Zheng Fuchzhong.

New Approach to the possibilities of Chinese medicine, the impetus for which was given by Professor Wu Qingzhong and Dr. Zheng Fuchzhong, has gained millions of followers, not only among ordinary people, but also among Chinese medicine specialists.

This is largely due to the fact that it combines both clarity for understanding and simplicity and accessibility. The very essence of this approach is five secrets of Chinese medicine knowledge of which will allow you to take a fresh look at your health and solve many problems associated with it.

So, let's begin.

The first secret is life energy

• Power supply system human begins in the digestive system, which converts food into raw materials suitable for further processing.
• Then, when a person is in a state of deep sleep, the hematopoietic system produces blood from this raw material and delivers energy through the blood vessels to all organs and tissues of the body.

Thus, the energy supply system includes the digestive system, the hematopoietic system and the circulatory system. We know that if the car is low on gas or the fuel supply system is clogged, we will not get far in it. The lack of energy in the body also causes serious harm to the entire life support system.

In fact, this is the main cause of most chronic diseases and premature aging. That is why, in order to effectively resist disease, we need to know two things:

1. How to measure the energy level of your body;
2. How to quickly increase the energy level in your body.

Chinese medicine highlights five basic levels of the energy status of the body and related diseases and symptoms (pic 1.). Knowing them, you will be able to independently assess the energy state of your body and understand at what level of energy status it is at a given time.

1. Health level

At this level, all organs and systems are in harmony. Features of this level:

• the body is well developed and proportionate,
• face skin is pink and smooth,
• calm character,
• correct way of life (mode of work and rest is balanced).

Because at this level defensive abilities the body is very high, the disease is not easy to enter the body. You will rarely meet people with such a level of health, perhaps only people who practice qigong or yoga for a long time and seriously can maintain this state of the body until old age.

2. Yang deficiency level

In Chinese medicine, yang refers to the energy produced daily. The diagnosis of Yang deficiency means that the body does not produce enough energy throughout the day to keep your body functioning optimally.

This energy level is slightly below the optimum. There can be many reasons for this -

• the habit of staying up late
• malnutrition...

The protective abilities of the body at this level are reduced and diseases are already on the threshold.

But in the body enough energy to cope with uninvited guests, and in different parts and organs of the body there are real battles with aggressors, manifested by certain symptoms.

At this level of energy are those who are prone to colds (often with a high temperature) and allergic reactions.

3. Yin deficiency level

In Chinese medicine, the term "Yin" refers to the accumulated (or so-called strategic) energy reserves. The diagnosis of “yin deficiency” means that the body begins to use strategic energy reserves, because the reproducible energy is supplied so little that it is no longer enough to maintain the basic processes of life.

If the downward trend in energy is not corrected in time, the body moves on to the next phase. Lack of energy leads to fail self-diagnosis and recovery systems.

At this stage, if the disease invading the body or damage to the internal organ does not pose an immediate threat to life, the body can postpone restoration work until better times.

It only has enough energy to support daily needs. The body does not resist disease, so there are no unpleasant symptoms.

People whose body is in this stage make up the majority in our modern world. Many of them consider themselves perfectly healthy, work hard, go to bed after midnight.

But the absence of diseases only means that the organism exuding the last crumbs of energy just can't afford to get sick. It can be said about such people that they do not have enough strength to get sick, and diseases simply quietly develop in the body.

4. Level "lack of Yang and Yin"

If energy continues to be spent thoughtlessly, and its reserves are not replenished, then the body begins to ACTIVELY devour strategic energy reserves. During this period, a person often experiences:

• prostration,
• Bad mood.

At this level, in order to obtain the necessary energy, the body can begin "mining" it from muscle or other tissue.

Often, at the stage when energy reserves are coming to an end, the growing feeling of fatigue and unwillingness to be active every day can make a person rest and gain strength, this is how they work. body's defenses who continue to fight for our survival to the end.

5. Level "energy depletion"

When restocking fails for some reason, energy status continues to decline and reaches a level that in Chinese medicine is called "Depletion of Yin and Yang", that is, energy reserves are used up and are not replenished.

The diseases developing at this stage are very serious diseases, since the body has already lost even the ability to control internal organs.

These are the five main levels of energy status that our body goes through. And one more thing, the understanding of which is very important...

The fact is that the drop in energy usually occurs enough slowly, each stage can last for decades. But the increase in energy level can occur enough fast- in just a few months (Fig. 2).

An increase in energy level can occur quite quickly - in just a few months.

One month of a proper lifestyle is practically enough for a person to felt beneficial results- strength will increase, mood will improve. And in 4-5 months you will not recognize yourself, you will surprise your loved ones with a healthy look.

In a year of proper living, most people can raise the energy of your body to level "lack of yang" using simple methods of Chinese medicine.

In the next article you will learn two secrets thanks to which you can quickly and easily achieve these results. To quickly determine your body's energy level and trend, you can use simple self-diagnosis techniques that traditional Chinese medicine practitioners kept secret and passed on only to their students.

To view the image in full size, right-click on the image and select "Open link in new tab"

But today we have the opportunity to get acquainted with some of them.

So, how to determine at what level of energy is your own body?

There are several fairly simple ways to measure it. The simplest is to carefully consider lips and gums. Their color can give an idea of ​​the color of the blood inside your body. If you spend energy for a long time and do not replenish its reserves, the color of the lips and gums getting dark.

But it is worth changing the habits of sleep and rest, as the color of the lips begins to change. First, the middle part of the lower lip will turn pink, the process will continue from the inside out, it will take about six months to completely change the color of the lower lip to normal. In order for the upper lip to turn pink, you need to continue to adhere to the correct lifestyle for even longer - a year or more.

It is even easier to judge changes in the body by the state lower gum. After 2-3 weeks of life in the correct mode, a pink stripe will begin to form on the gum at the roots of the teeth, which differs sharply in color from the rest of the gum.

If you continue to adhere to the correct mode, the strip will begin to increase.

According to the condition of the lower gums, one can judge how a person is used to living.

• If the gum color is very light coloured, then a person sleeps a lot, but at the wrong time. The processes of absorption and reproduction of blood proceed incorrectly.
• Normal gum color of a healthy person- Definitely pinkish, blood pink.

In the process of energy storage, the gums become more and more dense, the gum tissue seems to fill the space between the teeth, the teeth appear short. And when the energy decreases, the teeth seem to be exposed, seem longer.

Hand color and skin condition are also important health indicators. In a healthy person, the palms are light, only the tips of the fingers are reddish. This indicates the normal state of the liver.

There are also other outward signs, which you can explore, but for a general idea of ​​​​the energy level and the state of health of your body, these signs are enough to decide if you need to make some changes in your lifestyle. In the next article, we will talk about this in more detail.

Leave your comments right below this article. Your feedback is very important to us.

Well, if you want to move from theory to practice right now, let me recommend a great video training on this topic. It is called .

What happens to the atoms of elements during chemical reactions? What are the properties of the elements? One answer can be given to both of these questions: the reason lies in the structure of the external In our article, we will consider the electronic of metals and nonmetals and find out the relationship between the structure of the external level and the properties of the elements.

Special properties of electrons

When a chemical reaction occurs between the molecules of two or more reagents, changes occur in the structure of the electron shells of atoms, while their nuclei remain unchanged. First, let's get acquainted with the characteristics of electrons located at the most distant levels of the atom from the nucleus. Negatively charged particles are arranged in layers at a certain distance from the nucleus and from each other. The space around the nucleus where electrons are most likely to be found is called the electron orbital. About 90% of the negatively charged electron cloud is condensed in it. The electron itself in the atom exhibits the property of duality, it can simultaneously behave both as a particle and as a wave.

Rules for filling the electron shell of an atom

The number of energy levels on which the particles are located is equal to the number of the period where the element is located. What does the electronic composition indicate? It turned out that on the external energy level for s- and p-elements of the main subgroups of small and large periods corresponds to the number of the group. For example, lithium atoms of the first group, which have two layers, have one electron in the outer shell. Sulfur atoms contain six electrons at the last energy level, since the element is located in the main subgroup of the sixth group, etc. If we are talking about d-elements, then the following rule exists for them: the number of external negative particles is 1 (for chromium and copper) or 2. This is explained by the fact that as the charge of the nucleus of atoms increases, the internal d-sublevel is first filled and the external energy levels remain unchanged.

Why do the properties of elements of small periods change?

Periods 1, 2, 3 and 7 are considered small. The smooth change in the properties of elements as nuclear charges increase, starting from active metals and ending with inert gases, is explained by a gradual increase in the number of electrons at the external level. The first elements in such periods are those whose atoms have only one or two electrons that can easily break away from the nucleus. In this case, a positively charged metal ion is formed.

Amphoteric elements, such as aluminum or zinc, fill their external energy levels with a small amount of electrons (1 for zinc, 3 for aluminum). Depending on the conditions of the chemical reaction, they can exhibit both the properties of metals and non-metals. Non-metallic elements of small periods contain from 4 to 7 negative particles on the outer shells of their atoms and complete it to an octet, attracting electrons from other atoms. For example, a non-metal with the highest electronegativity index - fluorine, has 7 electrons on the last layer and always takes one electron not only from metals, but also from active non-metallic elements: oxygen, chlorine, nitrogen. Small periods end, as well as large ones, with inert gases, whose monatomic molecules have completely completed external energy levels up to 8 electrons.

Features of the structure of atoms of large periods

The even rows of 4, 5, and 6 periods consist of elements whose outer shells contain only one or two electrons. As we said earlier, they fill the d- or f- sublevels of the penultimate layer with electrons. Usually these are typical metals. Their physical and chemical properties change very slowly. Odd rows contain such elements, in which the external energy levels are filled with electrons according to the following scheme: metals - amphoteric element - non-metals - inert gas. We have already observed its manifestation in all small periods. For example, in an odd series of 4 periods, copper is a metal, zinc is an amphoterene, then from gallium to bromine, non-metallic properties are enhanced. The period ends with krypton, the atoms of which have a completely completed electron shell.

How to explain the division of elements into groups?

Each group - and there are eight of them in the short form of the table, is also divided into subgroups, called main and secondary. This classification reflects the different positions of electrons on the external energy level of the atoms of elements. It turned out that the elements of the main subgroups, for example, lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium and cesium, the last electron is located on the s-sublevel. Elements of the 7th group of the main subgroup (halogens) fill their p-sublevel with negative particles.

For representatives of side subgroups, such as chromium, the filling of the d-sublevel with electrons will be typical. And for the elements included in the family, the accumulation of negative charges occurs at the f-sublevel of the penultimate energy level. Moreover, the group number, as a rule, coincides with the number of electrons capable of forming chemical bonds.

In our article, we found out what structure the external energy levels of atoms of chemical elements have and determined their role in interatomic interactions.

2. The structure of nuclei and electron shells of atoms

2.6. Energy levels and sublevels

The most important characteristic of the state of an electron in an atom is the energy of the electron, which, according to the laws of quantum mechanics, does not change continuously, but abruptly, i.e. can only take on well-defined values. Thus, we can speak about the presence of a set of energy levels in the atom.

Energy level- set of AO with close energy values.

Energy levels are numbered with principal quantum number n, which can only take positive integer values ​​(n = 1, 2, 3, ...). The larger the value of n, the higher the energy of the electron and the given energy level. Each atom contains an infinite number of energy levels, some of which are populated by electrons in the ground state of the atom, and some are not (these energy levels are populated in the excited state of the atom).

Electronic layer- a set of electrons that are at a given energy level.

In other words, an electron layer is an energy level containing electrons.

The set of electron layers forms the electron shell of an atom.

Within the same electron layer, electrons can differ somewhat in energy, and therefore they say that energy levels are split into energy sublevels(sublayers). The number of sublevels into which a given energy level is split is equal to the number of the main quantum number of the energy level:

N (subur) \u003d n (level) . (2.4)

Sublevels are depicted using numbers and letters: the number corresponds to the number of the energy level (electronic layer), the letter corresponds to the nature of the AO that forms the sublevels (s -, p -, d -, f -), for example: 2p - sublevel (2p -AO, 2p -electron).

Thus, the first energy level (Fig. 2.5) consists of one sublevel (1s), the second - of two (2s and 2p), the third - of three (3s, 3p and 3d), the fourth of four (4s, 4p, 4d and 4f ), etc. Each sublevel contains a certain number of AO:

N (AO) = n 2 . (2.5)

Rice. 2.5. Scheme of energy levels and sublevels for the first three electron layers

1. s-type AOs are present at all energy levels, p-type appear starting from the second energy level, d-type - from the third, f-type - from the fourth, etc.

2. At a given energy level, there can be one s -, three p -, five d -, seven f -orbitals.

3. The larger the main quantum number, the larger the size of the AO.

Since there cannot be more than two electrons on one AO, the total (maximum) number of electrons at a given energy level is 2 times greater than the number of AOs and is equal to:

N (e) = 2n 2 . (2.6)

Thus, at a given energy level, there can be a maximum of 2 s-type electrons, 6 p-type electrons and 10 d-type electrons. In total, at the first energy level, the maximum number of electrons is 2, at the second - 8 (2 s-type and 6 p-type), at the third - 18 (2 s-type, 6 p-type and 10 d-type). These findings are conveniently summarized in Table 1. 2.2.

Table 2.2

The relationship between the principal quantum number, the number e