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How to make a path from granite screenings. Granite garden path

Popularity of choice in favor of construction frame houses for permanent residence is determined a number of factors.

Construction costs frame house down to 30% than for the construction of private houses in a different design.

At the frame house no need to build a powerful foundation, a pile, block or tape shallow foundation is suitable.

The construction speed is up to 1 month, the absence of shrinkage, the low thermal conductivity of the frame walls and the use of fire-resistant insulation, which ensures fire safety, makes the construction of such a house very attractive.

One of the important milestones in the process of erecting a frame structure is the choice of high-quality insulation. This issue should be approached in advance. Mistakes with insulation will cost your budget dearly. It is important to calculate correctly the thickness of the insulation to avoid the processes of decay at home in the future.

The main characteristics of the insulation that you need to pay attention to:

high thermal efficiency;
durability;
fire resistance;
vapor permeability;
environmental friendliness.

Attention! Don't forget the rodents. Mice and rats are happy to settle in natural and foam insulation. Use loose building materials under the first floor, and also observe the installation of insulation without gaps to prevent small rodents from entering the house.

Variety of heaters in frame housing construction

The modern building materials market brings to your attention a number of heaters with different characteristics and price range:

fibrous mineral warmers.

Most popular among developers is the use of different manufacturers.

Calculation insulation thickness

insulate frame walls possibly by calculating the required thickness according to special formula:

where, R is the heat transfer resistance for your region, (m 2 ° C) / W;
λ - thermal conductivity of the insulation, W / (m ° C).

Better add additional centimeters to its value, since an error in the calculations in the direction of reducing the required thickness will result in freezing and dampening of the walls.

Important to consider location, which needs to be moved further from the inner surface of the house. Otherwise, at negative temperatures, moisture will form on the walls, causing putrefactive processes, fungus and mold.

Worth not forgetting that the accuracy of the calculated value of the thickness of the insulation can be neglected upward due to the purchase with a margin. The manufacturer produces a material of a certain size, whether it is a rolled insulation or plates.

Information about building codes for the thickness of insulation for your region will be sufficient so as not to resort to calculations using formulas. You can also use the online calculator to calculate the insulation, taking into account the region of construction.

Recommended insulation thickness for permanent residence in a frame house

If you planned to use ecowool as an insulating layer, then also consider the thermal conductivity coefficient indicated by the manufacturer on the package. Ecowool layer thickness should be in the range:

from 150 mm in the southern regions;
from 170 in Central Russia;
from 190 mm in the European North;
from 200 in the regions of the Far North, Siberia, Kamchatka.

foam boards as a heater should be laid on the basis of:

from 50 mm for southern regions;
from 150 mm for the northern regions.

The most popular among developers of individual housing mineral wool must be at least as thick as:

150 mm for southern regions and Middle lane Russia;
200 mm for the European North;
250 mm for the Far North, Siberia, Kamchatka.

Summarizing all of the above, the choice of insulation and the calculation of its thickness should be approached with great responsibility. The thickness of the insulation for the walls of the frame is determined according to approved building codes , which are calculated for different regions depending on the climate and seasonal temperature fluctuations.

Reasonable calculation:

save your home from heat loss;
save your budget in terms of heating costs;
prevent the destruction of walls and the development of putrefactive processes.

The construction of frame houses is still quite an unusual technology for our latitudes, but it has already become popular in many countries with different climatic conditions.
And no wonder, because frame houses are designed for temperatures from
-50° to +50°С! And the service life is at least 80-100 years!
This has been tested in practice in Canada. Frame houses have been built there for many years. Now about 80% of the population lives in them.
The uninitiated are still surprised: to build a reliable and comfortable home in just a week - how is that possible? - this is exactly the technology that allows you to incredibly quickly build a completely ready-to-live-in building of any size.
By the way, in modular designs you can equip all amenities that you wish to have. A bathroom, a fireplace, a bay window, a heated floor - almost all the achievements of civilization can be equipped. The main thing is to take into account these wishes at the stage frame house construction project and make the appropriate amendments in accordance with SNiP.

Thermal comfort

It should be noted that the choice of building and heat-insulating materials takes place depending on the needs of the customer. For example, country house will be used exclusively in warm time year, and in winter only occasionally (or not at all). Therefore, cheaper materials can be used. But for a full-fledged residential building, of course, it’s not worth saving. Frame house and in the heat and cold will prove to be a champion!

in winter Modular houses retain heat well thanks to a well-honed thermal insulation technique. Practice shows that at a temperature outside of -20 ° C, the house cools down only by 2 ° per day.
Summer frame houses, unlike stone ones, do not heat up in the sun and do not give temperature inside the room. Therefore, in the hot season in such a house is also comfortable.

By the way, a solid residential building, no matter how it is built, provides for a ventilation, air conditioning and heating system. Therefore, comfortable living in it is guaranteed.
As you can see, you can cast aside all doubts about the practicality and quality of the construction of frame houses. The technology has been tested abroad in countries with similar climates and has already been tested in the CIS.

Before filling the yard, you need to understand what you want to get as a result. As far as I understand you a private house, the design of the adjacent area may be different, you can make a hard platform for the car (for example)

you can make a lawn with a lawn

you can arrange flower beds of various shapes

Or you can combine all of the above

There are many options, it all depends on your imagination and possibilities.

Before proceeding with the design of the local area, you need to sketch out a plan with the planned purpose of each site, and then you can already choose your coverage for each site. If you have a lot of construction debris left after construction, then you can make an alpine slide, construction waste is an excellent drainage and the basis for various flower beds of various plants. For flat areas, you need to clear the place, level it and you can start decorating.

Parking for a car can be arranged different ways. You can install plastic gratings and make a lawn

you can put different paving slabs

To lay paving slabs, you need to remove the top layer of soil, pour crushed stone (construction waste can be used), then fill in a layer of sand, then you can lay paving slabs using a level. It is possible to invite specialists for these works, there are a lot of companies involved in landscaping.

I do not recommend covering the site with asphalt, on hot summer days it will melt, and its components, to put it mildly, are not entirely ecological. If on this stage You are not ready for such global work, you can simply level the site and cover it with sand or gravel, this will simplify landscaping work in the future, you will not need to dismantle complex coating options, such as, for example, pouring concrete or laying asphalt.

The paths between the beds in the country house are a rather sore point for almost all avid gardeners who have not yet solved this problem. Since cultivated plants require care in any weather, the aisle should always be in order.

Thanks to the right track covering, this process, as well as harvesting, can be carried out under any weather conditions. And besides, properly equipped passages should not become a breeding ground for weeds.

Why is pavement considered necessary?

There are several reasons for the quality arrangement of tracks with one coating or another. Most of them are well known to the owners of the sites, but still they should be identified again.

The first reason is that the paths are constantly overgrown with weeds that grow into the beds or drop seeds that fall into the territory of cultivated plants. All this eventually turns into an endless struggle for the harvest.
If, however, the weeds are completely removed, but after that the soil is left open, then in rainy weather it will be impossible to approach the beds without wearing rubber boots, which then will have to be cleaned for a long time from the wet earth adhering to them. Otherwise, the soil adhering to the shoes will spread to the rest of the covered areas of the yard, and then it will certainly fall into the living quarters of the house.
In addition, strips of uncovered land completely cleared of weeds contribute to the very rapid evaporation of moisture from the beds. Therefore, the consumption of water for irrigation increases significantly.
Another reason to equip the paths between the rows is to obtain the unconditional maximum comfort of working in the garden, and as a result, a significant increase in the productivity of this noble work.
A garden with neatly designed paths always looks more aesthetically pleasing than with ordinary earthen or densely overgrown weeds.

All the above negative points in no way improve mood, since even having vegetables, berries or herbs “at hand”, it is rather difficult to collect them from the garden both during rain and for quite a long time after it. Therefore, you will have to wait until the soil dries and is not slippery and sticky.

In a word, high-quality paths between the beds should be the goal of any self-respecting gardener.

Criteria for choosing coverage for paths between beds

To figure out which coverage option for a garden path will be optimal, you first need to understand what criteria it must meet. The "indiscriminate" use of everything that comes to hand can lead to the fact that the material of the paths will seriously harm the crop.

So, the coating must meet the following requirements:

The material used is environmentally friendly, incapable of harming either plants or soil during the entire period of operation.
The coating is UV resistant and does not let in sunlight.
The material is not afraid of moisture and is waterproof;
Since the paths can also be used in the autumn, “waiting” for the maturation of late crops, a material is needed that is not afraid of temperature changes, up to negative values.
Ideally, the material is breathable, that is, it is “breathable” .;
The coating is strong and durable, not subject to decay or other biological or chemical degradation.

To make it easier for readers to choose a method for making paths in the garden, further options for their arrangement will be considered.

Features of the arrangement of paths between the beds

When choosing a method for designing row spacings, one should not completely identify them with paths that are laid across the territory of the site for constant movement, since they have a slightly different scheme of their structural structure. Garden paths are arranged as a permanent element of the site, but row spacing can sometimes change its location.

Some owners in the adjacent territories arrange permanent beds, like flower beds, laying concrete or tiled paths around them. However, this option is not entirely rational, since the soil in the beds is gradually depleted, and even with its active enrichment with various fertilizers, it will have to be changed periodically, removing the old layer and filling in fresh soil. If the aisle is filled with concrete, then this area can no longer be used for a garden bed. In addition, concrete does not allow the soil to breathe normally and evaporate excess moisture, which can adversely affect crops growing on beds next to such a coating.

Therefore, zealous gardeners, who take care of every piece of land on their acres, prefer paths that, if necessary, can be moved to another place, for example, swap them with beds when setting up a garden next spring.

Given these conditions, it can be assumed that ready-made covering material that meets all of the above criteria is suitable for garden paths, or a well-thought-out scheme for arranging such a row-spacing, thanks to which they will be observed.

The principle of arranging passages between the beds is quite simple. It can be divided into several successive stages:

The first step is to carefully remove weeds and their roots from the surface of the aisle.
Further, the cleaned area is compacted and leveled.

Then, a material is laid on the track that does not let through or at least partially restrains the sun's rays.
On top of this coating, one of the bulk, slab, roll or other building or improvised materials can be laid.

Such a “light” version of the track can always be easily dismantled and transferred to another part of the garden.

Materials for the formation of pavement paths between the beds

Now you need to consider the materials used to equip the paths in the aisles of the beds.

Substrates for coating

Several can be selected as a layer that will cover the soil from sunlight. various materials- these are geotextiles of a certain thickness, black polyethylene film, roofing material, as well as sheets of cardboard or even old newspapers, laid in several layers.

Prices for geotextiles

geotextile

Geotextile is the best option, as it is designed specifically for flooring on the ground under the main top coating and has all the qualities necessary for this function.
Polyethylene film used more often because it has more affordable price. However, this material is still characterized by a number of disadvantages. Firstly, the film does not let water through and this will have to be provided for when forming the track, making it so that water does not linger on its surface. Secondly, the film is not a “breathable” material, which means that the moisture accumulated under it will not evaporate normally, which can lead to the formation of fungal colonies under it that can seriously harm the crop.

Ruberoid can also be used for flooring under the track, but it has the same disadvantages as plastic film. But in comparison with it, its durability is higher, it has a greater density and thickness, and better withstands mechanical loads. True, it is also much more expensive than polyethylene.

Paper or cardboard pad it will perfectly suit all the above criteria, but it is, of course, short-lived, and it will have to be changed several times during the season, especially if the summer turns out to be rainy. By the way, experts do not particularly recommend getting carried away with newspaper interlayers, since printing ink cannot be called environmentally friendly.

What is geotextile?

Many of the hosts suburban area, for sure, are not even familiar with this name, not to mention information about the merits of the material itself. A special article on our portal will help fill this gap - it will tell you in detail,.

track coverage

On the substrate, as a protective layer, loose Construction Materials, such as shavings, sand and crushed stone of fine fraction. The laying of stone or concrete tiles is practiced, which, however, is not permanently mounted, that is, the seams are not sealed with concrete mortar, but simply covered with sand. In addition, for the arrangement of tracks, special plastic and rubber plates are produced, as well as rolled coatings from crumb rubber. The finished products meet all the necessary requirements for outdoor use.

Sand , sprinkled on the substrate, perfectly preserves the path from the germination of weeds, does not retain water on the surface and allows the soil to "breathe" freely. The disadvantages of this material can be called two circumstances. The first is its pronounced flowability, especially in a dry state, therefore it is recommended to lay it in a space fenced on all sides by walls. And the second is its sticking to shoes and bare feet, which means that the sand will be spread throughout the yard, and will certainly get into the house. Therefore, sand is rarely used as an independent track cover. It is more often used as a leveling and shock-absorbing bedding for laying stone or tiles, and also fills the seams between these products with it. The layer of sand under the masonry is usually at least 50 mm.

Shavings, sawdust or small chips also well suited for backfilling between rows. They perfectly pass air and water, so the paths are always kept dry, and it will be comfortable to walk on them. In addition, rotted natural wood over the years of use may well serve as a fertilizer. The disadvantages of such a backfill include the fact that it will have to build wooden boxes for it so that it is in one place and is not particularly carried by the rising wind. The best bedding for it is geotextile, which is also permeable and strong enough to be rolled up with shavings if necessary and transferred to another part of the garden.

Crushed stone or stone chips can be called the best option from bulk materials, since these materials are durable, let water and air through, do not stick to shoes and are not carried by the wind around the site. Paths designed in this way look neat and always clean. However, in order for the crushed stone not to mix with the soil under it, a reliable base is required, which is recommended to use geotextiles with a thickness of at least 2.5 ÷ 3 mm with a high density, otherwise the sharp edges of the stone can damage the litter. You can also lay thick cardboard under the crumb, but there is no guarantee that the paper will not become sour from rainwater and the stone will not fall into the ground.

Lid cover from plastic bottles- This is another option for arranging the row spacing of the beds. Such a "carpet" can be removable, that is, portable, or laid on a permanent basis. In the latter case, the covers are installed in a layer of uncured concrete mortar poured onto the path. However, this area of \u200b\u200bthe garden can no longer be used for a garden bed. The “mobile” version of the coating from the lids, one might say, will cost almost nothing, but it will take a lot of time to make it, since all the prepared elements must be fastened together with a thick fishing line or a strong thread that is resistant to moisture, ultraviolet and temperature extremes. Moreover, for the connection in each of the covers, it is necessary to make four holes - they are usually melted with a heated awl.

The lids can be connected with the drawing up of a certain pattern or pattern - for this, details of the required color are specially selected and an ornament is made from them according to the sketch. If there is no artistic vein, then nothing prevents them from being fastened randomly - you will also get a very entertaining picture. The covers should not be tightly pulled together, but they should not hang freely either. If they are fastened relatively freely, then the resulting "carpet" can be easily rolled up and moved to another place.

Such a coating is laid on a geotextile substrate, which will prevent the germination of weeds, and the covers will create an outwardly interesting and convenient path. It should be noted that it is pleasant to walk barefoot on such a coating, so some craftsmen make massage foot mats from covers. If you liked this idea of \u200b\u200barranging paths, then you need to start collecting covers without delay, since a very large number of them will be required.

stone or concrete makes the tracks strong and rigid, and it will be convenient to walk on such a coating. But if cement is used for their laying, then this area cannot be used for planting in the future. Therefore, if there is a desire to lay out the tracks with some kind of similar tile, then under them on the substrate, sand should be added, and the seams should be filled with it. In this case, water from the surface will easily go into the ground, and if necessary, move the path to another place, it is easy to dismantle the tile from such a base.

Prices for paving slabs

paving slabs

A very good solution for any garden or vegetable garden - rubber tiles "RESIPLIT-20"

Rubber tiles also often used to cover paths between beds. It can be laid on well-compacted and leveled ground even without a backing. The tile is easy to mount and dismantle, it is durable and will serve as a track for more than one year. So, manufacturers give her a guarantee for operation, subject to recommendations, for 10–20 years. The range of permissible temperatures is very wide - it varies from -40 to +90 degrees, so the material can not even be dismantled for winter period.

Rubber tile coating is used not only for garden paths - it is intended for arranging car sites, floors in garages and industrial workshops, and these factors can be used to conclude how durable and reliable the material is. The tile does not slip, as there is a relief pattern on its surface. It is made from environmentally friendly ingredients, so it does not emit harmful substances and will not adversely affect the quality of vegetables. In addition, the rubber does not let light through to the ground, so weeds will not break through on the path. However, rubber tiles do not allow moisture to pass through, so they must be laid in such a way that water flows from the coating to the sides. Standard sizes the tiles shown as an example in the illustration above are 550 × 550 mm, the thickness may vary, but it is best to choose options at least 20 mm thick. Rubber tiles are usually equipped with locking joints, which is very convenient - after laying, even under load, the coating will not spread.

Roll, modular coating, as well as crumb rubber tiles - all these products have approximately similar characteristics and are designed specifically for decorating garden and garden paths, as well as various sites, including automobile ones. This material is made from crushed and compressed various forms rubber. Thanks to this manufacturing technology, rubber cover becomes water and breathable, therefore it does not create a “greenhouse effect” for the soil. The material does not let in sunlight, so weeds will not grow on the path. Such tiles do not slip, as they have a pronounced rough surface, and this makes the paths paved with them completely safe for use in any weather. It is easy to look after a crumb rubber coating, as it is easily washed with water from a hose, and this process can be done immediately during watering the beds.

The material is resistant to wear and temperature changes, so it does not need to be removed from the garden for the winter. The coating is not subject to mechanical damage and decay. In a word - solid advantages!

Installation of roll and tile coating is very simple - it is laid on a well-leveled, weed-rooted and compacted soil surface, without the use of a substrate. Under the influence of temperature changes, from negative to extremely high, which can be on the soil surface, the coating does not soften and does not dry out.

Roll coverings are produced with a width of 500 and a length of 3500 mm. Its thickness can vary, but 10 mm is enough for arranging tracks.

Rubber tiles can have a different configuration, but they always perfectly fit together, creating a durable coating due to locking joints.

Any coating made using this technology is not only practical, but also very aesthetically pleasing. Paths decorated with this material look neat and are very pleasant to walk on.

The only drawback of any rubber crumb coating is its rather high price.

Plastic perforated tiles for garden paths are another very good design option for row spacing. These modules are easy to assemble and dismantle and can be laid on cleared and compacted soil or on a permeable substrate. Plastic slabs can be reused several times, not only for covering paths, but also for arranging playgrounds or picnic areas.

The wear resistance of this coating is provided by primary polypropylene, which is used for its manufacture. It is odorless and does not emit environment harmful substances, so the material can be safely called environmentally friendly. Another manufacturing option is also made of completely safe polyvinyl chloride (PVC).

Prices for molds for making tiles

mold for making tiles

The plates have increased impact resistance and can be operated in the temperature range from -30 to +50 degrees.

Docking of modules among themselves is carried out by means of special clamps which go with them in a set.

The advantage of all ready-made coatings, both rolled and modular, is their simple and quick installation and dismantling, which is especially important if it is necessary to equip, which is used only in the summer. In the absence of owners, ill-wishers can visit the site, who are able, so to speak, to borrow coverage for their own needs. Therefore, for the winter period, modules or rugs from the tracks are best collected, washed, dried and put into the premises of outbuildings.

At the same time, in areas with permanent residence row spacings are left covered year-round, as the material is designed to operate at both low and high temperatures.

Compost paths

It is impossible not to mention the compost paths between the rows, which are equipped by experienced gardeners. There is even a triple benefit here:

There is a production of natural fertilizer for beds;
The arrangement of the tracks with a coating is ensured, along which it is quite possible to walk without soiling the shoes.
The problem of utilization of plant waste is being solved, which can be placed in compost in any amount.

The work on arranging such paths is quite laborious, as it requires the application of physical effort. However, gardeners are no strangers to digging beds. So, measures to create compost row spacing are carried out in the following order:

The first step is the marking of the territory - this determines the location of the beds themselves and the paths between them. Marking is carried out using wooden pegs or ordinary branches that can be stuck into the ground. This process will help make the beds and paths even and neat.
The next step is to dig up the soil - first in the garden, then on the path. Moreover, the path is not just dug up, but deepened by 300 ÷ 400 mm, and fertile soil, selected from the resulting ditch, pounces on
Further, raw materials for future compost are laid in the aisles. First, if there is, manure or chicken droppings are thrown onto the ground - it will surely attract earthworms, which will speed up the processing of plant waste. Not too thick branches or corn stalks are laid on top of the manure - this layer will create air cavities that are necessary for normal functioning working bacteria. The next layer is grass, cabbage leaves and fallen leaves from trees, as well as vegetable scraps that can be periodically added to compost ditches. They should be filled almost to the top.

After that, it is recommended to water the entire contents of the compost trenches with water, and then - special drug containing live, but temporarily "sleeping" bacteria. This remedy is diluted in a bucket of warm water, a little sugar is added to activate the bacteria, then the solution is left to stand in the sun for 30-40 minutes. Next, the solution is poured into a watering can, and compost ditches are poured from it. Some preparations can be prepared in a different way - instructions on this matter must be attached to the package.
The filled trenches treated with bioactive substances are covered with geotextiles. If compost aisles are arranged in the spring, then a rolled or modular covering is laid on top of the geotextile, on which it will be possible to walk. If this process is carried out in the fall, then stones are simply laid on top of the covering material, which will press the canvas and prevent the wind from moving it to the side.

It is best to arrange compost row spacing in the fall, when there is a lot of plant material. In winter, snow will cover the geotextile, and inside the ditch it will be warm and humid, which is very important for the quality functioning of the created bio-environment, which will do most of its “work” during the autumn-winter period.

Next fall, when the compost is ready, the beds and aisles can be swapped and compost paths can be created in place of the former beds. Thus, the entire garden is gradually fertilized.

Prices for plastic tiles for garden paths

plastic tiles for garden paths

Compost is perhaps the best fertilizer for the garden!

And most importantly, it can be obtained in the right amount almost free of charge, only by making certain efforts and creating the necessary conditions. And one of the conditions is a well-equipped one, the variety of designs of which and the methods of their installation are described in detail in a special article of our portal.

Let's summarize. Obviously, if desired, and the availability of time, the paths between the beds can be done independently, without resorting to outside help. Moreover, in extreme cases, for this purpose, you can use improvised materials that are always found on the site. In addition to ordinary paths, it will be most practical to make compost tracks - this way you can significantly save on fertilizers and get high-quality environmentally friendly compost without chemical additives. In this case, the paths will not only create comfort when working in the garden, but also help to get a rich harvest.