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The best varieties of apple and pear for our zone. The best varieties of apple and pear trees for central Russia The most delicious pears

So that juicy ripe apples and pears please the gardener all year round, he should familiarize himself with the varieties of these fruit trees and the features of caring for them. It is important to understand that proper pruning, planting, watering, fertilizing and spraying against pests are effective ways to maintain the beauty and health of the garden.

What is a garden without an apple tree? This fruit crop can be found in any corner of Russia. Pear gardeners grow less often: it is more thermophilic and not always possible in the northern regions. Despite the undoubted differences, these cultures still have a lot in common. The main thing is that in your garden they make friends and bear excellent fruit!

Apple tree and pear tree in the garden

Apple and pear are the most prominent representatives of pome fruit trees. Care for them is almost the same: watering, fertilizing, pest and disease control, full and timely harvesting.

On a traditional plot of six acres, it is quite possible to place several apple and pear trees of various varieties. When choosing, follow not only your tastes and preferences, but also take into account the degree of winter hardiness of these crops, their resistance to the fungal disease to which they are susceptible - scab. Pay attention to the time of the appearance of the first crops, the regularity of fruiting, the size of the tree.

We will pay special attention to the correct choice of varieties of apple and pear trees.

The most important question when choosing a variety of apple or pear is the ripening period.

Summer varieties are especially necessary for a family with children spending the summer in the country. In this case, it is not at all necessary to grow a whole tree of each variety! It is better to regraft half of the apple tree of one summer variety with other summer varieties that differ in ripening time. Or half a pear of a summer variety - autumn.

As for apple trees, it is more rational to grow more autumn varieties in the family garden. Then the family will be provided with their own apples until late autumn - straight from the tree!

Early ripe apple and pear varieties

They are so long-awaited and tasty, but, unfortunately, short-lived! And practically untransportable. Therefore, I recommend removing summer apples and pears from the tree a little earlier than they finally ripen.

Grow apples of different ripening periods.

The apple season in the garden is opened by Summer Striped, Early Red, Yellow Arkad, Early Golden China, Cypress, July Petrova, Early Grushovka, July Chernenko.

About a week later, Moscow Grushovka, Mantet, Papirovka, Korobovka, Solntsedar, Ottawa ripen.

Successfully fills the “empty” period from the end of summer to the appearance of autumn varieties Dessert Budagovsky, ripening 10-12 days later than Melba.

And the first harvest of sweet and fragrant pears is given to us by Skorospelka from Michurinsk, which ripens already at the end of July. By mid-August, other annuals, August dew, Cosmic, Lada, Severyanka, Chizhovskaya, also ripen.

Varieties of apple and pear trees with long shelf life

Apples and pears of these varieties are distinguished not only by their high taste, but also by their long shelf life.

Apples from the good old Antonovka are perfectly stored until the New Year. And modern varieties of apples until spring! Among them are Lobo, Mekanis, Orlik, Asterisk, Beforest, Memory of Michurin, Welsey, Calvil golden, Student, Polinka, Noris, Berkutovskoe, Spartan, Bogatyr, Kulikovskoe, Mekintosh, Imrus, Stroevskoe, Bolotovskoe, Celandine.

Record holders for keeping quality: Moscow later, Moscow winter, Rossiyanka,
Northern Sinap, Orlovsky Sinap, Belarusian Sinap, Verbnoe, Winter Beauty, Freshness. Their fruits last almost until next summer!

And among the pears there are "long-livers". All of them are autumn and winter varieties. I recommend the following: Muscovite, Memory of Yakovlev, Favorite Yakovleva, Elegant Efimova, Memory of Zhegalov. You will keep such pears until the middle of winter.

Sweet varieties of apple trees

Having such apples in the garden is especially important for people who do not like ordinary, sweet and sour or they are contraindicated for them.

Among the sweet varieties stand out Bessemyanka Michurinskaya, Vityaz, Candy, Medok, Melba, Pepin saffron, Pink excellent, Renet Chernenko.

Apple varieties of intensive type

These varieties are characterized by early onset of fruiting, plentiful and regular harvests. For example, while most varieties begin fruiting in the 5-7th year, intensive varieties begin to bear fruit already in the first 3 years after planting. Choose Folk, Winner, Student, Melba, Lobo, Welsey, Dessert Isaeva, Mekanis, Young Naturalist, Orlik, Zhigulevskoye, Northern Sinap, Antey, Darunak, Imant, Memory Kovalenko, Haste.

The so-called spur varieties are famous for superintensity. Low-growing trees with shortened internodes are completely covered with “fruiting points” - ringlets. Most of them come from American varieties and are grown mainly in our south: Delicious, Golden Delicious, Mekintosh.

Apple varieties with annual fruiting

Do you want to have an apple harvest every year, and not once every 2 years, as usual? Then choose varieties such as Folk, Autumn Joy, Zhigulevskoye, Northern Sinap, Rossiyanka, Pepin Saffron, Antey. Trees of such varieties are characterized by moderate flowering, less tall, relatively compact. This allows them to be planted more densely, increases the yield per unit area and makes it easier to care for them. The varieties Narodnoye, Brusnichnoye, Yuny naturalist, Zhigulevskoye, Studencheskoye are distinguished by a relatively small size of the tree.

Scab-resistant apple and pear varieties

Scab is a common fungal disease of fruit trees. Especially often it affects apple and pear trees in rainy springs. The only salvation from it is spraying trees with chemicals.

Plant scab-resistant varieties. From apple trees, I recommend Bessemyanka Michurinskaya, Autumn joy, Cinnamon new, Renet Chernenko, Winner, Dessert Isaeva, Welsey, Young naturalist.
Of the pear varieties, the most resistant to scab are Cosmic, Lada, Severyanka, Severyanka red-cheeked, Skorospelka from Michurinsk, Chizhovskaya.

How to care?

The main thing in caring for apple and pear trees is proper watering and fertilizer. I offer you effective method their watering - through pipes. We retreat from the trunk a distance equal to the radius of the projection of the crown on the ground. We make a hole in the ground with a rotation, dig into it a piece of a plumbing pipe with a diameter of 10 mm and a length of 1 m. Its upper edge should rise slightly above the ground. Through this pipe we will water the tree and apply liquid fertilizers to the soil. After each watering, close it with a lid so that dirt and fallen leaves do not get inside. There should be at least four such pipes around each tree. With such a system of watering and feeding, the nutrient solution immediately goes directly to the roots of the tree!

And a few more words about watering. Apple and pear trees require at least 4 plentiful waterings over the summer. How much water to pour? To answer this question, estimate by eye the dimensions of the near-trunk circle of a tree in square meters and multiply the resulting number by 3. That's how many buckets of water the tree needs!

What to do if the apple tree does not bear fruit?

An apple tree, with the exception of intensive varieties, usually begins to bear fruit in the 5-7th year after planting. But sometimes the start of fruiting is delayed. Why? There may be several reasons. First, we check if we deepened the neck of the tree too much when planting. If so, the apple tree will have to be raised. The second possible reason is the vertical growth of the branches. Fruit shoots of an apple tree are formed only on horizontal branches. Therefore, with the help of weights or braces, we give them a horizontal position.

There is another old "grandfather's" way to make an apple tree bear fruit. We drive a few rusty nails into the trunk of an apple tree or simply bury various metal objects in trunk circle.

This is how we replenish the missing supply of iron for fruiting. Try it! Do not trust "grandfather's" advice? Then do not forget to spray the apple tree 2-3 times per season with a 0.1% solution of ferrous sulfate (1 teaspoon of vitriol per 10 liters of water).

How to plant?

Apple trees and pears can be planted in autumn and spring. We plant immediately in a permanent place - these fruit crops do not like transplants. And it is better to have several varieties at once - for pollination.
We dig deep planting pits (100-120 cm), since the root system of these fruit trees has a diameter of up to 80 cm and is located at great depths. In the pit we lay manure or vegetable humus (2-3 buckets), 1 glass of superphosphate, 3 tablespoons of potassium sulfate, 1 kg of organic fertilizer "Berry Giant" or "Berry", 2 buckets of coarse sand. We mix everything with the soil previously taken out of the pit. Then we dilute 2 cups of dolomite flour or fluff lime in 10 liters of water and pour it into the pit. Pour 2 buckets of water there and leave the pit for 6-7 days.

Before planting, we drive a stake into the ground, which will support the young tree. Its length is not important: the main thing is that it ensures the stability of the seedling. Pour soil into the hole until a mound forms. We take a seedling, put it on a mound, spread the roots evenly and cover it with soil. In this case, the root neck should be 5-6 cm above the ground. When planting, shake the seedling several times so that there are no voids between the roots and the soil. Then we slightly trample the earth, water it and mulch with a small layer of dry humus to retain moisture.

How to cut?

In most varieties of apple and pear trees, the crown forms naturally and does not require significant pruning. The only exceptions are vertically growing top shoots. We cut some of them into a ring, and leave some as a continuation.

To scare away pests, plant tansy of skeletal or semi-skeletal branches under an apple or pear tree. At the same time, we give the tops a horizontal position - otherwise they will not bear fruit.

How to prepare fruit trees for winter?

For the successful wintering of apple and pear trees, not only the degree of frost resistance inherent in the variety is important, but also the proper preparation of trees. If the first does not depend on us, then the second is our direct responsibility!
Timely and complete harvesting of fruits, watering, fertilizing, pest and disease control ensure not only a high yield, but also a safe overwintering of trees.

To mitigate the effects of winter cold, you can use frost-resistant stamp formers or pile up tree boles with forks of skeletal branches with snow. A good effect is obtained by growing apple and pear trees in a “creeping” form, which makes it possible to protect them from frost without any problems with any covering material.

Keep in mind that young pears freeze more often. Therefore, in winter we warm them more thoroughly with snow and cover the stems.

To our fruit trees overwintered well, in late autumn the garden needs to be disinfected. Usually, solutions of preparations containing copper and iron are used for this. But these elements accumulate in the bark and soil, and in high concentrations become toxic. In my garden, I use a soap-ash solution for disinfection. For 10 liters of water I take 5 glasses of wood ash. I fall asleep it in an old nylon stocking, so that later I don’t have to filter the solution. I fill it with water and insist for 2 days, periodically moving the stocking with ash. I add 40 g of laundry soap to the finished solution - for better adhesion to the bark. With this solution, in dry, clear weather, I process all the branches and trunks of fruit trees.

Do not forget about the autumn watering and feeding of apple and pear trees. The immunity of trees to low temperatures depends on this.

In autumn, when active growth ends and the need for nitrogen is reduced to a minimum, trees need phosphorus and potassium. It is these elements that are especially actively washed out of the soil in winter.

We free the near-stem circle of the plant from mulch and apply fertilizer. We dig into the soil with a rake. Then water and mulch with a thick layer of dry grass.
Our garden is now ready for winter!

Apple varieties

Varieties of intensive type

These varieties are characterized by an early onset of fruiting, a rapid increase in yields, their abundance and regularity. In the full complex, all these properties are found only in some varieties, individually - in a large number. For example, while most varieties begin fruiting in the fourth or sixth year after planting and even later, some - Melba, Lobo, Welsey, Young Naturalist, Orlik, Zhigulevskoe, Spartak, Papirovka's Daughter, Elite- begin to bear fruit in the first three years after planting. At the same time, it is important not only the early start of fruiting, but also the rapid increase in yields.

Varieties differ in the ability to regularly bear fruit. Some - regularly fruiting - produce crops annually, others - periodically fruiting, bear fruit in a year. Many varieties are characterized by an average frequency of fruiting: high yields alternate with small ones, and in some years even a complete absence of fruits is possible. The frequency of fruiting in these varieties is usually associated with the conditions of their cultivation: with careful care, they bear fruit annually, with poor care - after a year. The main reason for the periodicity of fruiting is excessive yields. There is a "failure" in fruiting. That is why varieties with a fairly high, but at the same time regular fruiting, are especially valued, for example Zhigulevskoe, Northern Sinap, Kuibyshevskoe, Spartak, Papirovka's Daughter, Kutuzovets.

Since the frequency of fruiting is related to the size of the crop, it is clear that in young trees it manifests itself to a lesser extent, and with age, with increasing yields, it increases.

Evgeny Sedov, academician of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Orel: “I think that the future belongs to immune varieties. Extra 5-6 sprays can be eliminated. These varieties have quite high commercial and taste qualities.

Varieties immune to scab

Scab is a common disease of the apple tree and is truly the scourge of our gardens. It affects leaves, fruits, reduces tree yields, worsens their condition, winter hardiness. The infection in the garden is spread in the spring by spores of a fungus that hibernates in leaves that have fallen since autumn. Even cultivars such as Welsey and Cinnamon, previously resistant, have become vulnerable. The only way out is processing chemicals or new varieties that are immune to the disease, that is, they are not affected by the disease even in the rainiest summer. This advantage allows you to do without numerous spraying of the garden.

Here a brief description of new varieties.

VENIAMINOVSKOE

Winter, relatively winter-hardy variety. The trees are quite large, with a relatively rare crown. Medium-sized fruits (130 g), conical, wide-ribbed. The skin is smooth, oily, shiny. The cover color on most of the surface is in the form of a raspberry blush. The pulp is white, greenish, dense, juicy. Evaluation of the appearance and taste of fruits 4.4 points. Removable maturity mid-September. In storage or basement, the fruits can be stored until the end of February. The yield of a young tree is 15 kg.

KANDIL ORLOVSKY

The trees are medium-sized, with a rounded crown and drooping branches. Medium-sized fruits (137 g), oblong-conical, strongly ribbed, oblique. The integumentary color occupies half of the fruit in the form of a blurry raspberry blush. The pulp is white, greenish, tender, fine-grained, juicy, sweet and sour taste (4.4 points). Harvest in mid-September. The fruits can be stored until February. The variety is early-growing, productive (14 kg from a young tree) and quite winter-hardy.

KORNAKOVSKOE

The trees are medium-sized, with a pyramidal crown of medium density. Medium-sized fruits (125 g), oblong-conical, slightly ribbed, sloping at the top. The integumentary color occupies most of the surface of the fruit in the form of pink stripes. The pulp is creamy, dense, tender, fine-grained, juicy, good taste (4.3 points). The variety is early-growing and productive (15 kg from a young tree). Removable fruit ripeness occurs in the second half of September. In storage, they can be stored until mid-February.

OREL POLESIE

Medium sized trees. The fruits are relatively large (170 g), oblong-conical, wide-ribbed. Integumentation on most of the surface in the form of stripes and specks of red. The pulp is white, creamy, dense, prickly, coarse-grained, very juicy ( appearance 4.4, taste 4.3 points). The variety is early-growing and productive (13 kg from a young tree).

SUN

Early winter variety. Trees are below medium size with a rounded crown. Winter hardy. The shoots are relatively thick, with close internodes. Fruits are above average size (160 g), oblong, wide-ribbed, oblique, with a short stalk. Integumentary coloration over the entire surface in the form of a bright solid blush of crimson color. The pulp is white, creamy, dense, fine-grained, very juicy (appearance 4.4, taste 4.3 points). Removable maturity occurs on September 15–20. The consumer period is from October 10 to the middle or end of January. The yield of young trees is 11 kg.

STROEVSKOE

Winter variety. Trees of medium size, fast growing, with a wide pyramidal crown of medium density. The variety is characterized by relatively high winter hardiness. The fruits are large or above average (150-170 g), conical, slightly ribbed, flattened. Cover color on most of the surface in the form of merging stripes and a blurred crimson blush. The pulp is white, greenish, dense, coarse-grained, juicy (appearance 4.5, taste 4.4 points). Removable fruit ripeness - mid-September. They can persist until mid-February. Productive variety (13 kg from young trees).

START

Winter variety. The trees are medium-sized, with a rounded crown, quite winter-hardy. Shoots are thin, straight. The fruits are harvested on September 15–20. The consumer period lasts from mid-October to mid- or late February. The yield of young trees is 17 kg.

Varieties with high resistance to scab

In addition to immune varieties, varieties with high resistance to scab (slightly affected by it in unfavorable years) have become widespread. These varieties include: Veteran, Venyaminovskoe, Imrus, Kandil Orlovsky, Orlovim, Orlovsky pioneer, Orlik, Orlovsky striped, Sinap Orlovsky, Zoryanka, Orlinka, Early scarlet.

Orlovim

Summer ripe variety. High-yielding - up to 25 t / ha. The fruits are large, one-dimensional. Integumentary coloration - in the form of bright red stripes and a blurry blush. Fruit pulp is creamy, very juicy, sweet and sour, with a strong aroma, taste - 4.5 points.

OREL PIONEER

Autumn term maturation. High-yielding - 18.4 t / ha. The fruits are large (150 g), strongly flattened (ribbed). The main color at the time of removal is greenish, the cover color is in the form of a blurred blush and red stripes, the taste of the fruit is 4.2 points.

IMRUS(immune Russian)

Winter maturity. High-yielding -16.7 t/ha. The fruits are above average size (120–130 g), conical, slightly ribbed. Cover color in the form of stripes, strokes and a blurred blush of brownish-red color at the time of picking the fruit, raspberry color - during consumption, taste - 4.3 points. The fruits are stored until the end of February - mid-March.

BOLOTOVSKOE

Variety of winter ripening. The fruits are large (150–180 g), flattened, broadly ribbed. Cover color on the smaller part of the fruit in the form of a red blush, consisting of stripes and specks. The pulp is greenish, dense, juicy, fruit taste - 4.3 points. The fruits are stored until the middle and end of February.

Varieties of long-term storage

Now the number of varieties with long-term storage of fruits has increased significantly. Among them are Lobo, Orlik, Welsey their fruits are stored until February. Northern Sinap, Sinap Orlovsky, Spartan, Bogatyr, Kutuzovets, Late Sweet, Renet Chernenko, Seedling King retain their qualities until April and later. But almost all of these varieties do not have high winter hardiness.

WELSI

The fruits are quite large, weighing 160 g, symmetrical, orange-yellow, almost completely covered with a strong blurred blush. The pulp is very juicy, sweet and sour, with a rose aroma, very good taste. The best pollinator is Melba.

summer varieties

Apples of summer varieties are almost never stored and are not transportable. Therefore, they are recommended to be removed a little earlier than they ripen. Many varieties are characterized by non-simultaneous ripening of fruits on a tree, but for a family garden this is even good, since apples can be used longer, selectively removing them as they ripen. There are few summer varieties.

Opening the apple season Quinty, Early Red, July Chernenko, Red Arcade, Candy, in about a week Papier's daughter and even later Lungwort, Mantet, Melba. Showed themselves well Sunshine, Carol, Early Scarlet, but they still need to be watched.

WHITE FILLING

This variety does not need a special introduction. Its name is widely known to the widest range of people, even those not connected with gardening. The fruits are large 100-120 g, round-conical. When fully ripe, the color is whitish-yellow. The pulp is light yellow, juicy, fine-grained, melting, pleasant wine sweet and sour taste. Productivity up to 170 kg per tree.

MELBA

Fruits weighing from 120 to 200 g, yellow at full maturity, with a bright, delicate, pink-red blush. The flesh is snow-white, pink under the skin, deliciously tender, juicy, fine-grained, excellent taste. The best tasting summer variety, ripens at the very end of August, is stored for two months. The best pollinator is Welsey.

SUMMER STRIPED

The tree is very beautiful, with a rare pyramidal crown, good winter hardiness, productive. The special value of the variety is in the very early ripening of the fruits, they begin to ripen already at the end of July. The apples of the Summer Striped, weighing up to 100 g, are beautiful, marketable, ovoid-elongated, greenish-white, with a red blush. The pulp of the fruit is tender, white, loose, fine-grained, juicy, with a good sweet and sour taste.

PAPIRING

An excellent summer variety of folk selection. It is very close to the White filling variety, with which it is often confused. Papirovka differs from White filling in larger fruits and a pronounced seam. The winter hardiness of the variety is high. Papirovka is one of the most unpretentious varieties, and feels good even in adverse soil conditions. The yield per tree is 225–350 kg. The variety is self-fertile, the best pollinator is Welsey.

AUTUMN STRIPED

It has another name - Shtreifling. One of the most popular autumn varieties. Mature trees of the Autumn striped are very beautiful, have a stocky, strong trunk, powerful branches, with drooping ends. Fruits of medium size or large (120–140 g). Throughout the fruit, bright red stripes harmoniously alternate with bright yellow stripes. The pulp is melting, loose, juicy, excellent dessert taste with a hint of raspberries. The best pollinators are Antonovka and Papirovka.

This text is an introductory piece. From the author's book

Formation of an apple tree The most convenient and rational - with early age form a good crown and in the future only maintain it with minimal pruning. In this sense, the best planting material turn out to be one-year-old seedlings, since older

From the author's book

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2.1. Apple trees blossomed... The most popular type of fruit trees is, of course, the apple tree. The leadership of this beautiful fruit is explained high level tolerance of high and low temperatures, ease of care and fruiting. Apples can be eaten

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Apple scab Signs. At the end of flowering or later, small yellowish spots form on the leaves, over time they turn gray and gradually merge, becoming covered with a velvety green coating. As a result, the affected leaf is deformed and falls off.

From the author's book

Apple tree proliferation Signs. This viral disease most often affects apple trees, less often pears. As a result, a large number of thin erect lateral shoots with short internodes and strongly overgrown stipules are formed on the tree (Fig. 9). Such shoots

From the author's book

Columnar apple trees In England, Holland, Yugoslavia, and more recently in Russia, orchards of columnar apple varieties began to appear. Any gardener can easily find a place for a columnar apple tree on his own, even a very small plot. Such an apple tree does not form lateral

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From the author's book

Apple and pear diseases Scab Scab is a fungal disease of apple and pear trees. Spots with a brownish coating appear on the leaves, then the leaves dry up and fall off. Gray-black spots and cracks appear on the fruits, they stop growing (filling). This disease affects not only

From the author's book

Apple trees on dwarf rootstocks The climate of the Chernozem region is favorable for growing apple trees on dwarf rootstocks. But you need to know the problems and all the nuances in agrotechnical measures in order to expect a 100% return. The main advantage of dwarfs is precocity and high

From the author's book

Formation of an apple tree The most convenient and rational is to form a good crown from an early age and in the future only maintain it with minimal pruning. In this sense, one-two-year-old seedlings turn out to be the best planting material, since older ones

From the author's book

Registered Chernozem Apple Varieties Before you buy an apple tree, make sure it is the right size and shape for your garden. The size and strength of a tree is determined by the rootstock ( Bottom part plants on which other varieties are grafted by cuttings or buds). Last

From the author's book

Apple scab Only the apple tree is affected. On the leaves and fruits, sometimes on the stalks and petioles of the leaves, olive-colored spots are formed, with a velvety coating of sporulation. With a strong defeat, the leaves fall off, the fruits lose their commercial qualities and keeping quality when

From the author's book

Alternariosis of apple trees The disease is noted as economically important in the orchards of the United States and many Asian countries. In our gardens, the disease is also widespread and harmful, but it is practically not covered in the garden literature due to poor knowledge. Illness noticed

They meet 5 important criteria: productive, frost-resistant, not affected by scab, their fruits are large and very tasty.

Summer varieties of apple trees

Orlovim. The taste of these apples is estimated by professional tasters at 4.5 points (out of 5 possible). Apples are very juicy, sweet and sour, with a rather strong aroma. Fruit weight 120 g. They ripen in the second half of August. Productivity up to 100 kg per tree.

The first apples appear in 3-4 years.

The winter hardiness of the variety is very high. Scab resistance is at the genetic level.

Red early. Early summer period of consumption. The tree is medium-sized, with a sparse, rounded, compact crown. Fruits weighing 80 g, maximum 120 g, leveled, rounded and flat-rounded, smooth. The integumentary color is dark red, washed out with wide merging stripes. Subcutaneous dots are white, oblong, of medium size, clearly visible. The pulp is creamy, dense, juicy, with a medium aroma. The taste is good, sweet and sour. The annual yield is above average. Fertility is average. Universal.

Red early

The beginning of ripening is 7-8 days earlier than the fruits of the Papirovka variety.

Summer is red. Late summer consumption. The tree is undersized, with a rare pyramidal crown. The average fruit weight is 180 g, one-dimensional, truncated-conical. The color is golden yellow with a red blush on 3/4 of the fruit. The pulp is creamy, fine-grained, tender, sour-sweet, with aroma. Fruit tasting score 4.8 points.

Melba. Late summer consumption. The trees are medium-sized, with a rounded crown. Fruits of medium size, weighing 120-140 g, sometimes up to 300 g, round-conical regular shape, smooth or slightly ribbed. The main color is light green, integumentary - in the form of an intense red striped blush, occupying about half of the surface of the fruit. The pulp is snow-white, tender, juicy, with a strong candy aroma, excellent sweet and sour taste. Fruits are stored for 1-2 months. Winter hardiness is above average. Partially self fertile. Fast-growing. Dessert.

The pour is white. Early summer period of consumption. The tree is medium. The crown is round-spreading, dense. The type of fruiting is mixed. Fruits weighing 100-120 g, not aligned, round-conical, sometimes broadly ovoid, slightly ribbed, often with a sharp longitudinal seam. The skin is smooth, thin, shiny, very fragrant, covered with a wax coating. The main color is pale white, the integumentary color is absent, sometimes in the form of a cloudy tan. The pulp is white, fragrant, friable, fine-grained. The taste is pleasant, wine-sour. The fruits do not ripen at the same time. Winter hardiness is very high. Frost resistant. Fertility is average. Universal, mainly table.

Pouring white

Papiroyantarnoe. Summer term consumption. The tree is medium-sized with a rounded crown. The fruits are one-dimensional, rounded, with an average weight of 100 g. The color of the fruits is light yellow. The pulp is creamy, juicy, dense, fine-grained, of good taste. Tasting score 4.4 points.

Wonderful. The taste of 4.9 points is the highest score among the ideal summer varieties! The pulp of apples is juicy, sweet and sour. The mass of fruits is 140-160 g, and sometimes up to 200 g. They ripen in August. Productivity of 100 kg from a tree. This is despite the fact that the apple tree is very low - no more than 2 m. The first crop yields in the 3rd year after planting.

Winter hardiness is very high. Scab resistance is excellent.

Autumn varieties of apple trees

Orlovsky pioneer. Autumn period of consumption. Medium-sized tree with a fast-growing, rounded crown. Winter hardiness is very high, resistant to scab. Fruits of medium and above average size, 135 g, maximum 170 g, juicy, sweet and sour taste, good. The main color is light yellow, integumentary - in the form of a blurred pink blush and red stripes. The yield is high. It is immune to four of the five races of scab.

Welsey. Autumn period of consumption. The tree is low-growing with a spreading compact crown. The fruits are large, with an average weight of 160 g, round-oval, smooth. The main color in the phase of removable maturity is yellowish-green, in the phase of consumer maturity of a golden hue. Integumentary coloration in the period of removable maturity in the form of dark red stripes on a dirty red or basic background. The pulp is white, tender, fine-grained, juicy, sour-sweet with a slight aroma. Tasting score of taste 4.6 points.

Rock. Taste 4.8 points - the most delicious of autumn apples! The pulp is tender, sweet-sour, with a slight aroma. Fruit weight 290 g - the largest in this group of varieties! Ripens in the first half of September. Keep until mid-November. Yield up to 40 kg per tree. The first apples can be tasted for 5-6 years.

Winter hardiness is unbelievable - even 40 ° C frost is unbearable for the Rock! Scab resistance is at the genetic level.

Assumption. Taste 4.6 points. Apples are juicy, tender, with a slight aroma. The taste is sour-sweet. Fruit weight 160-200 g. They ripen in September and lie until November. Yield 30-40 kg per tree. Fruiting begins at 5 years.

Winter hardiness is very high - it can withstand frost up to 40 ° C. Scab resistance is at the genetic level.

Winter varieties of apple trees

Belarusian sweet. Taste 4.6 points. The pulp is sweet, very tender, with a slight aroma. Fruit weight 135-200 g. Apples ripen in October. Keep until February. Yield 30-35 kg per tree. The first fruits appear in 2-3 years.

Winter hardiness is excellent - the trees can withstand frosts down to -36 ° C without any problems. Scab resistance is at the genetic level.

Bryansk. Taste 4.8 points. Fruit weight 150-300 g - the largest of all winter varieties! Apples ripen in October. Keep until February. Yield 40-50 kg per tree. The first harvest gives for 3-4 years.

Winter hardiness is excellent. Scab resistance is at the genetic level and several genes are responsible for it at once.

Blagovest. Winter period of consumption. The tree is vigorous. The fruits are medium, weighing 160-190 g, one-dimensional, rounded in shape, slightly flattened. The color is greenish-yellow with a raspberry blurred blush on the larger surface of the fruit. The pulp is yellowish, medium density, tender, fine-grained, juicy. The taste is sour-sweet with a medium aroma. Tasting score of taste 4.5 points. Drought tolerance is average. It enters fruiting in the 5th year. Fruiting is regular. The fruit consumption period is September - January.

Blagovest

Bolotovskoe. Winter period of consumption. The trees are above average. Fruits weighing 170 g. The skin of the fruit is oily, dull, without wax coating. The main color of the fruit is greenish-yellow, whitish-yellow in the period of consumer maturity. Integumentary color on a significant part of the fruit in the form of a red blush, consisting of stripes and specks. The flesh of the fruit is greenish, dense, juicy, sweet and sour taste. The variety is productive. Immune to scab.

Christmas. Winter period of consumption. The tree is medium-sized, fast-growing with a wide-pyramidal sparse crown. The fruits are round-conical, medium one-dimensional. The coloration is greenish-yellow with a diffuse red blush and cherry-colored speckles. The pulp is white, creamy, dense, prickly, tender, very juicy, sweet and sour, with a slight aroma. Tasting score 4.3 points. Winter hardiness at the level of Antonovka ordinary. The variety is immune to fruit and leaf scab.

Lobo. Winter period of consumption. The tree is tall. The crown is wide-rounded, rare. It bears fruit on kolchatka, as well as on fruit twigs. Fruits of medium and above average size, weighing 130 g, maximum - 200 g, from flat-round to flat-round conical shape, slightly ribbed. The skin is smooth, shiny, dense, with a bluish wax coating. The main color is yellowish-green, almost completely covered with a striped, blurry marble-like, elegant, crimson-red blush. Subcutaneous dots are numerous, large, white, clearly visible over the entire surface of the fetus. The pulp is white, tender, juicy, fine-grained. The taste is very good, sweet and sour. Fruits are stored for 4 months. Yield is annual. Canteen.

How is taste judged?

The taste of apples is evaluated by professional tasters - they try each new variety and give points from 1 to 5. This is the so-called tasting assessment. According to it, all apples are divided into 5 groups:
inedible - up to 3 points;
mediocre - 3-3.7 points;
good - 3.8-4.3 points;
very good - 4.4-4.7 points;
excellent - 4.8-5.0 points.

The most delicious pears

Summer pear varieties

August dew. Summer period of consumption. The tree is small, fast growing, with a slightly drooping crown of medium density. Fruits weighing 130 g, short pear-shaped, medium one-dimensionality. The color is greenish-yellow with a slight blush. The pulp is white, tender, fine-grained, juicy. Tasting score 4.5 points. Withstands frosts up to 36 °C.

August dew

It is resistant to the most common fungal diseases. A variety with a low degree of self-fertility. The best pollinator in memory of Yakovlev. Trees begin to bear fruit 4 years after planting in the garden, fruiting is annual. Fruits and leaves are not affected by scab.

Dessert Rossosh. Taste: 4.0-5.0 points. The fruits of this variety are quite large, weighing 160 g. Leveled, smooth, similar in shape to an apple or a short pear. When fully ripe, they are light yellow with a slight pink blush. The pulp is white or slightly creamy, juicy, tender, sweet, without stony patches of excellent dessert taste.

Dessert Rossoshanskaya

Autumn variety, harvest ripens in early September. Fruits well transfer transportation on a long distance. They can be eaten fresh, cooked from them amazing recipes and delicious compotes.

Fruiting begins early, at 5-6 years. The harvest yields annually and is quite decent - an average of 70 kg per tree, but sometimes up to 150!

Resistant to scab - over the years of the existence of the variety, he was not affected by this disease even once.

Lada. Early summer period of consumption. Medium-sized tree with a conical crown. Medium-sized fruits (100-120 g), wide pear-shaped, wide-ribbed. The main color of the skin is light yellow, the subcutaneous dots are small, barely noticeable, the integument is bright red, it occupies less than half of the surface of the fruit. The pulp is yellowish-white, tender, juicy, fine-grained, sweet and sour, very aromatic. Fast-growing. Universal purpose. Winter hardiness is high. Scab resistant. The yield is high. Partially self fertile.

Marble. Taste: 4.8 points. The fruits are large, weighing 160-170 g, everything is like a selection - rounded, smooth, even. Their coloration is greenish-yellow with an orange-red blush. The flesh is white or creamy, coarse-grained, tender, very juicy, melting, sweet and aromatic, of very good taste.

Harvest ripens in late August - early September. Fruits are stored for 60-70 days. The peel and fruits are strong, so they tolerate transportation very well.

Marble

Fruiting begins at 6-7 years from budding in the nursery. The yield is about 70 kg per tree, but sometimes up to 140.

The variety is winter-hardy. Very resistant to scab and powdery mildew.

Chizhovskaya. Late summer consumption. Standard tree, medium height. Medium-sized fruits (120-140 g), obovate or pear-shaped. The skin is thin, smooth, matte, dry. The main color is yellow-green. The integumentary color is absent or very weakly expressed in the form of a blurry pink blush. The pulp is dense, juicy, semi-oily, sour-sweet, very good taste. Tasting score of taste 4.1-4.2 points. Fruit shedding is weak. Almost self fertile. The best varieties-pollinators: Lada, Severyanka, Rogneda. Fruiting is regular. Scab resistant. Highly resistant to extreme environmental conditions. Productivity is high, annual. Fast-growing.

Winter pear varieties

There are not so many late varieties in the State Register of the Year - only 18. While there are 167 apple trees.
Of these, 6 are recommended only in the very south of Russia. Of the remaining 12 that can be grown in more northerly regions that taste great (with a score of 4.8-5 points) ... only one! And we counted 5 apples.

And yet, there are a few pears that tasters give a rating of "very good" - this is a taste in the range of 4.4-4.7 points.

Gera. Taste rating: 4.5. Tree of medium height with a compact crown. Winter hardiness is relatively high. The first fruits ripen in 4-5 years. Medium-sized pears (180 g), green, sour-sweet, with a slight aroma. The yield is high. The variety is not affected by diseases.

Nika. Taste rating: 4.5. Tree of medium height. Winter hardiness is high. The first harvest gives for 5-6 years. The fruits are medium in size (140 g), although there are up to 200 g. They look very beautiful, red. The taste is tender, sour-sweet, with a pleasant aroma. The yield is high. The variety is not affected by diseases at all.

Extravaganza. Taste rating: 4.5. Tree of medium height with a compact crown. Winter hardy. The first harvest pleases for 5-6 years. Pears in this variety are most often medium in size (130 g), but some reach up to 210 g. Green, with a slight blush on the side. Very juicy, sweet, but the aroma is not strong. But the yield is high.

Yakovlevskaya. Taste rating: 4.5. Medium height. Relatively winter-hardy variety. The first pears can be tasted for 5-6 years. Fruits weighing 125-210 g. Green, with a red blush, tender, juicy, sweet and sour. The yield is high. The variety is disease resistant.

Pear varieties that keep the longest

Pears are much more tender than apples and they are stored worse. But there are several varieties in which it is written in the genus to lie until February-March. And there are more persistent! All of them are winter.

Yakovlevskaya. Shelf life: March.

The fruits of this variety are medium in size (130-210 g), juicy, sour-sweet, very good taste (4.5 points).

Trees of medium height, begin to bear fruit for 5-6 years. The yield is high.

What is even more pleasant - this variety is very winter-hardy (can withstand up to -38 ° C). It is also resistant to scab and entomosporiosis.

Belarusian late. Shelf life: February (in some years it lies until March, or even April).

Pears in the Belorussian late are medium in size (110-120 g). But very tender, juicy, with a light refreshing acidity (score 4.4 points).

Trees are low. The first harvest can be tasted for the 5th year.

Winters middle lane tolerates well, but in very harsh weather it can freeze a little. In very damp and cold summers, it can be affected by scab and bacterial burn. And one more minus: this variety requires other pollinating pears, otherwise the yield will be low.

Gera. Shelf life: February.

These pears are also of medium size (180 g), but sometimes there are also large ones - up to 250 g. They taste sour-sweet, tender, with a weak aroma (score 4.5).

Trees grow low and compact, which is important for small areas. And what is most pleasant, earlier than other winter varieties, they begin to bear fruit - already for 4 years. And the yield is always high.
Z
Gera's resistance is good. In addition, it is not affected by scab, septoria and entomosporiosis.

Extravaganza. Shelf life: February.

The fruits of this variety weighing 130-210 g are very juicy, sweet, fragrant (taste score 4.5 points).

Trees of medium height. The first pears can be tasted in 5-6 years.

Feria has a high yield.

The variety is resistant to many diseases.

Miraculous. Shelf life: February.

Fruits weighing 130-200 g, tender, juicy, fragrant. The taste is sour-sweet (score 4.3 points).

The trees are low, fruiting begins at 5-6 years. The yield is high.

It tolerates cold winters well. It is very resistant to fungal diseases, but is sometimes affected by pear sucker.

Each garden should have 1-2 trees of two or three different varieties: 1-2 summer varieties, 1-2 autumn varieties, and at least 2-3 late winter varieties, in which case you will be provided with apples for almost the entire season, until May inclusive .

It can also be our old varieties, such as White Filling, a widespread summer variety; it may be Kastela; it could be Imant. The choice is yours, taking into account the climatic conditions. Not all varieties that we like can grow with us. For example, the Conference pear variety will not work in the Vitebsk region, just like the Honey Crisp and Champion varieties.

  • ELENA - the variety begins to ripen 2-2.5 weeks earlier than White filling. It has a sweet taste, very high, even excessive yield.
  • Very tasty and very beautiful variety DREAM. It is distinguished by such a high precocity that it begins to bear fruit literally in the nursery, in the second year of its life. The fruits are very large, truncated-conical in shape, with a very attractive color - yellow, on which orange-red strokes are scattered, forming a blush. The taste is sweet and sour, pleasant, very juicy.
  • For those who love sweet apples, the KOVALENKOVSKY apple, selected by the Institute of Fruit Growing, is definitely suitable. Differs in dark red attractive coloring, with snow-white, sweet pulp. A feature of this variety is the ability to remain on the tree without loss of quality for 1-2 months.
  • It is very similar to Kovalenovskoye in shape, but not to the taste of the RED FRY variety. This is an American variety of apples that has a sweet and sour taste, an attractive raspberry-pink color with a strong waxy coating.

From AUTUMN varieties of apples,

  • I would like to pay attention to the GLORY to the WINNER. This is a very old variety compared to those presented here, but is not surpassed in the combination of its palatability and appearance. The pulp on the one hand is tender, on the other hand it is also crispy, sweet and sour, fragrant.
  • The AUKSIS variety is also attractive, and
  • variety STREIFLING, and since these last 3 varieties are sweet and sour,
  • then for lovers of sweet varieties, POLONAIS will take its rightful place.
  • As well as our new variety of apples - AKSAMIT, which ripens in early September. But unlike Polonaise, it is not able to be stored for such a long time.

When choosing varieties for storage, it should be borne in mind that some varieties are winter, and some are late winter, in which the consumption period occurs only in February-March.

WINTER varieties:

  • BELARUSIAN SWEET,
  • VESELINA,
  • DARUNOK - they are good in December, January and until February.

LATE WINTER varieties:

  • IMANT,
  • ZORKA,
  • MEMORY SUBAROVOY, very winter-hardy variety, very productive.
  • And such a variety, few people know about it, is the SIKORA MEMORY variety, the variety is not very attractive in appearance, but it has amazingly tasty fruits. Small-sized apples can be stored in an ordinary basement until June, inclusive, and if you also provide sufficient humidity to prevent wilting, then this variety does not lose its qualities in any way.
  • And the increasingly popular variety HANI KRISP (aka Arnabel, under that name they began to distribute it). In this variety, it is important to remember that in the first years it can suffer from freezing of the bark, from sunburn, so you need to protect it very carefully. But if the tree has lived up to 5-6 years without damage, has grown a good skeleton, then our climate is not so terrible for it.

As for the choice pear varieties, here, given that summer varieties of pears lose their consumer qualities very quickly, we usually recommend planting 1 summer variety, 1 autumn and 1-2 winter varieties.

From SUMMER varieties -

  • grade KUDESNITSA. This is a new Belarusian variety, which is distinguished by large-fruited, very pleasant taste, delicate oily pulp, its color is dark green, without a blush. The variety is very productive, and in the conditions of Belarus it is very winter-hardy. The variety is scab resistant.

Of the varieties of the LATE ripening period at the end of August - the beginning of September, I would like to offer such varieties,

  • as AUGUSTOVSKAYA DEW, Russian selection and
  • DESSERT ROSSOSHANSKAYA, according to its combinations of such qualities as winter hardiness, productivity, taste, appearance, the variety Avgustovskaya dew is closest to the ideal variety. Dessert Rossoshanskaya is an unusual pear for us, a round, apple-shaped fruit, quite a worthy variety, winter-hardy in our conditions, very productive.

For the AUTUMN period, the undisputed leader -

  • SIMPLY MARIA. This is an amazing variety for a combination of taste, size, quality, winter hardiness. With proper pruning, the variety has a very high yield load, it can be stored in a conventional refrigerator until November inclusive.
  • Another of our autumn varieties - VILIA, has a bright yellow color, a more elongated shape, but also has a pleasant, semi-oily juicy pulp. The taste is very good.

From WINTER varieties it is desirable to plant

  • at least one Zaveya tree,
  • and from traditional varieties, we can recommend the North American variety PATTEN. This is a rather old variety, it will soon be 100 years old, but it has acclimatized very well in our conditions. It does not freeze even in the conditions of the Vitebsk region, the fruits are well stored.
  • For those who love crunchy pears, we can recommend TALGAR BEAUTY. It is a unique variety in its form, in its content with crispy, juicy, pure sweet flesh, the period of consumption is from September to February. The color when removed is dark green with a red blush, when stored it becomes bright yellow with a bright red blush. The shape is bottle-shaped, the variety is very popular. Of the shortcomings, only that in areas where the climate is harsher, freezing of wood is observed. This variety is not accustomed to sudden changes in temperature, i.e. Minsk region and to the south, this variety is just great, to the north there are questions about the condition of the bark.

Grushovka is a frequent guest at dachas and village apple orchards. This is one of the oldest varieties of apple trees in Russia, which began to be grown more than two hundred years ago. Today, Grushovka is hardly used in commercial horticulture, but it is still honored by amateur gardeners to this day for its frost resistance, high yield and beneficial features fruits.

Description of the variety: an apple from an apple tree ...

Grushovka trees are large in size, have a dense volumetric crown of a pyramidal or rounded shape. The average height of a tree is 6–7 m, the diameter of the crown is on average 8 m. The apple tree has a dense leafy cover.

The Grushovka tree has a dense volumetric crown of a pyramidal or rounded shape.

Apple trees of this variety usually live 50-60 years, and begin to bear fruit early - most often in the fourth year after planting. Harvest volumes can also surprise: in the first few years, up to 10 kg of apples can be obtained from one tree, and if it is more than 15 years old, then all 80 – 100 kg.

From one tree aged 15 years or more, you can get up to 100 kg of apples

The fruits of Grushovka are small, often even considered small (the maximum weight of the fruit is 100–120 g, the average is 60–80 g). They are round, slightly flattened, and greenish-yellow in color with pink or red stripes. The skin is thin, smooth, covered with a layer of natural wax.

Their flesh is soft, juicy, with a bright and pleasant aroma. When fully ripe, apples taste sweet, with a pleasant sourness that is barely felt. The calorie content of the fruit is at a fairly low level and is 47 kcal for every 100 g.

Pear pulp is soft, juicy, with a pleasant aroma

Comparative characteristics of Grushovka species: Moscow, early and winter

Often, when reading information about Grushovka, you can stumble upon new names - Grushovka Moscow, Grushovka early, winter. And not everyone knows what each of them means. Apple Grushovka and Moscow Grushovka are the same plant, the founder of this genus.

The average weight of an apple Pear is 60-80 g

But the apple trees Grushovka early and Grushovka winter are the result of crossing with another variety. Early apple trees appeared as a result of pollination of the Grushovka tree by Moscow Papirovka. Early pear is considered by experts to be the most successful variety. The fruits of this variety are twice as large as those of the progenitor. The yield reaches up to 200 kg per tree. The variety is resistant to scab, has good winter hardiness, but the fruits do not ripen at the same time, and most often bear fruit not regularly, but after a year. Therefore, early Grushovka is used only in amateur gardening and is common in most areas of the European part of Russia.

Grushovka early - the result of pollination of the Moscow Grushovka tree by the Papirovka variety

The winter version of the variety is the result of crossing Grushovka Moscow with the variety Kronselskoye Transparent. Grushovka Zimnyaya differs from Moscow in larger fruits. The variety is very productive - at least 100 kg of fruits are harvested from the tree. And yet, this variety has not received wide distribution, since its winter hardiness is rather low, and the disease resistance of apple trees is also low. You can meet them in Central Russia, Ukraine, Belarus.

Grushovka winter - the result of crossing the Moscow Grushovka with the variety Kronselskoye transparent

How is it different from other varieties

Advantages

  1. High frost resistance. Pear is considered one of the most cold-resistant varieties. Trees without serious consequences endure frosts below 50 degrees Celsius and survive even the coldest and least snowy winters. That is why the variety is so common in Russia and neighboring countries (Ukraine, Belarus) - it is grown in almost any climatic conditions.
  2. Early fruiting and rapid fruit ripening. Under normal conditions, Grushovka begins to bear fruit in mid-late summer, in July or August, starting from 4–6 years after planting.
  3. High yield and useful properties of apples. As mentioned earlier, the yield from one adult Grushovka tree reaches 100 kg, which is an excellent indicator for a variety obtained naturally. Grushovka apples are rich in vitamin C, pectins and B vitamins, contain a large amount of ascorbic acid and P-active substances that have a beneficial effect on the body's activities. In addition, Grushovka has a low calorie content, so the fruits can be consumed during weight loss.

disadvantages

  1. High susceptibility to disease and strong susceptibility to bad weather conditions. The Grushovka apple tree is one of those trees that are most often subject to scab, especially during the rainy season. Also, Grushovka reacts very badly to hot and dry weather - without proper care, a tree can lose fruit.
  2. Unstable and uneven fruiting. One of the main reasons why Pear is not used in commercial horticulture is precisely this. Even on one tree (not to mention the whole planting), the fruits may not ripen at the same time, and some will crumble even before harvest, while the other will remain unripe. There is also another problem with this variety - Grushovka apple trees do not bear fruit every season.
  3. Short shelf life, unsuitable for long-term transportation. This can be called the second reason for the commercial unprofitability of the variety. The fruits of Grushovka are perishable, and due to their size they are not the best presentation.

Landing features

Grushovka is most common in the central part of Russia, but due to its resistance to low temperatures and early fruiting, it is often grown in colder regions. The most suitable soil for this variety is loamy, sandy loam or sod. Let's move on to the description of the landing.

Pear is an unpretentious tree, so the rules for planting and caring for it are not much different from other fruit trees. You should not choose a wet area for planting where water stagnates, or a place in the shade, where, due to lack of lighting, apples can grow small and unsweetened.

Planting seedlings in the ground is carried out approximately in late April - early May or early autumn (September - October).

Pits for seedlings should be with steep slopes, 100 cm wide and 60 cm deep. Fertilizers are placed in the pit 4 days before planting. 25 kg of humus are added to each prepared pit. A recess is made in the dug hole so that the roots of the tree can be placed in it.

It is recommended to plant with stakes for tying seedlings. This will give them stability at the beginning of growth. The stake is driven in before planting, placing it on the north side of the trunk to protect the seedling from frost and sun.

Landing should be deep, with earthen rollers along the boundaries of the pit. Immediately after planting, 30 liters of water are poured into the recess. After soaking up water, the wells are mulched with humus or compost.

Pollinators

Variety Grushovka is self-infertile, i.e., pollination with pollen from another variety is required for fruit set. Good pollinators are such varieties as Antonovka, Papirovka, Anis Striped, Cinnamon, Bellefleur-Chinese. Cross-pollination requires 3-4 varieties.

Pollination in the orchard occurs with the help of bees. This means that the seedlings should be arranged so that the bees can easily transfer pollen from one apple tree to another. Optimal distance, under which this condition is satisfied - no more than 60 m.

Photo gallery: suitable apple neighbors for Grushovka

Apples of the Bellefleur-Chinese variety apples of the Cinnamon variety apples of the Papirovka variety apples of the Antonovka variety
apple varieties Anis Striped

Care Secrets

In order for the tree to develop intensively, cut off 85% of the flowers after the first flowering. Also cut off 50% of the fruit while still in the green stage. So you can further normalize the harvest. The remaining apples will grow larger and sweeter.

The pear tree does not tolerate drought, so water it regularly - for good growth and the development of the tree requires about 2-3 waterings per week. It is necessary to completely stop watering only in mid-late August, so that the tree stops growing and directs all its forces to prepare for wintering.

They begin to feed the tree only from the second year - in the first season it is enough just to loosen it and water it regularly.

In early spring, to feed apple trees, rotted horse manure or humus is introduced into the soil in a proportion of 8–12 kg per 1 sq. m. For mineral top dressing use 400-600 g of urea.

In autumn, trees are fed with various complex fertilizers without nitrogen content or those in which it is not more than 5%, for example, Kemira Autumn. Enough 30-40 g per 1 square. m. The granules are not dissolved in water, but in dry form they are scattered around the trees, after which they dig up the soil.

The trunk circle of an apple tree needs to be constantly loosened, weeds removed.

In autumn, to improve the winter hardiness of the tree, you can mulch with horse humus (a layer 5 cm thick).

The first pruning of the Grushovka tree is done a year after planting for alignment and correct formation trunk. To do this, the upper branches are cut off by about a third, and the main trunk is shortened by 30-40 cm. Subsequent trimmings are made as needed.

In late autumn, to protect apple trees from lichen and moss, as well as to destroy pests and spores of pathogens wintering in the bark, it is recommended to whitewash the trees.

Before whitewashing trees, all cracks and wounds are carefully covered with garden pitch.

For whitewashing, prepare the following solution: 6 liters of water per 2 kg of quicklime and 1 kg of oily clay. Everything is thoroughly mixed and skimmed milk is added there so that the mixture sticks well to the bark of the trees. Whitewashing is carried out in November, when the autumn showers end. It is necessary to whiten not only the trunk, but also the forks, the bases of large branches.

You need to whitewash the trunk from the ground to the forks, including the bases of large branches

Grushovka is not covered for the winter - it is a frost-resistant variety. But you need protection from rodents. For this purpose, ordinary nylon tights, plastic bottles, black plastic bags, spruce branches are suitable.

At plastic bottles the neck and bottom are cut off. Then the bottles need to be cut lengthwise. They are imposed on the trunk, on top of each other in a tier and tightly tied. At the transition points of the trunk to skeletal branches the necessary cut is made in the bottles.

You can also use spruce branches to cover the trunks, tying it to the trunk with the needles down. Young landings are recommended to be completely wrapped in pantyhose.

Another very simple way to scare away hares in winter is to tie black plastic bags to the branches of apple trees by the handles. The black color on the snow is visible far away, and in the cold, even with a light wind, they will develop and rustle, scaring away the eared ones.

In early spring, as soon as the snow melts, you need to remove everything that protected the apple trees. If this is not done on time, the trunk will begin to overheat, and the buds, if the tree was completely wrapped, will bloom prematurely.

Possible pests and diseases

Scab is one of the main problems of all gardeners growing fruit trees. This fungal disease, which affects not only the shoots and leaves of the tree, but also spoils the fruits (they can turn black, crack, stain or deform). Pear is especially susceptible to this disease. To avoid damage to the garden by scab, it is recommended to get rid of old foliage and carrion every autumn, dig a hole and carefully treat all wounds of the tree with special means, for example, garden pitch.

Garden pitch can be purchased at a specialized store or prepared independently. To do this, you need only 400 g of wood resin and 2 tbsp. l. linseed oil. The ingredients are thoroughly mixed. In this semi-liquid form, the mixture is well stored and can be used in any weather.

Garden var can be purchased ready-made or prepared independently.

If the scab has already attacked the trees, treat them with Bordeaux liquid (1-3% solution). Bordeaux liquid is prepared by mixing the solution blue vitriol and notify. The prepared liquid is best used on the same day. It can be stored for a day, but for this, 5 g of sugar must be added to 10 liters of the mixture.

To prepare a one percent Bordeaux liquid for 10 liters of water, you need 100 g of copper sulfate and 120 g of quicklime. Copper powder is dissolved in 1 l hot water. Dishes should be enameled, earthenware or glass. Gradually, another 5 liters are poured into this mixture. cold water. In a separate bowl, lime is quenched with 1 liter of hot water. Then another 5 liters of cold water are poured into the solution. The prepared solutions must be filtered through a dense gauze. The procedure for mixing liquids occurs by pouring copper sulphate into lime mortar. The mixture must be thoroughly mixed. Adding water to an already prepared liquid is strictly prohibited. Trees are treated on both sides.

Trees are usually sprayed during bud break, and again - immediately after flowering.

Apple trees are sprayed during bud break, as well as immediately after flowering.

You can also get rid of scab with the help of special preparations. The most effective of them are considered "Strobe" and "Skor". Trees are treated with the Strobi preparation in early spring, as well as Bordeaux liquid, and "Skor" is used for repeated preventive spraying in the fall. In both cases, 1 ampoule of fungicide (2 ml) is diluted in 10 liters of water.

Strobi fungicide trees are treated in early spring

Harvest and storage

The fruits of Moscow Grushovka and Early Grushovka fully ripen from July to August, and Winter Grushovka - in September-October.

The storage of the fruits of the Moscow Grushovka is short (no more than 2 weeks), moreover, during transportation, they may lose their presentation.

Early pear apples can be stored for several months. The fruits of winter pear are lighter, they can lie until spring. They are usually stored in the basement at zero temperature.

Most of all, Grushovka apples are suitable for processing into juices, fruit wine, jams, children food, jam and dried fruits. And of course, they are very useful fresh.

Delicious and fragrant apple jam from Grushovka will turn out

Video: harvest Grushovka Moscow

Pear is not in vain popular with gardeners. It has a high yield, rapid growth and fruiting, and apples of this variety contain many vitamins. In addition, Grushovka is frost-resistant, which makes it possible to grow apple trees in many regions of Russia and even neighboring countries. With the necessary care for 3-4 years, you will grow a strong and healthy tree, and then you can enjoy its beauty and fruits for many years to come.