Growing black allspice in the country. Useful properties of black pea pepper, as well as treatment with the help of the fruits of this plant Black pepper cultivation

Black pepper has firmly established itself in the kitchen of any housewife. No wonder it is called the "king of spices." Wrinkled small black peas or dark gray powder with a greenish tint - this is what the most popular spice in the world looks like. Interestingly, in the era of antiquity, black pepper served not only as a spice, medicine and an analogue of money, but also as an equivalent for weighing pharmaceutical powders, since it was necessary to measure doses with great accuracy. In terms of modern weights, 1000 black peppercorns of the highest quality should have a mass equal to 460 grams - no more, no less.

Black pepper- (PIPER NIGRUM) or as it is also called, the Malabar berry is a tree-like vine with aerial roots formed at the nodes, from the pepper family. Beloved by all of us bell pepper and chili are not related to "king". The pepper liana grows in the forest, twisting around the trees that serve as its support. The length of a wild-growing vine can reach from 6 to 15 meters, but on plantations its growth is slowed down, and special props in the form of poles are used as supports, just like for cucumbers.

Liana has ovate leathery greyish-green leaves. It blooms with small white flowers, collected in hanging spikes. After the end of flowering, fruits are formed. Pepper fruits are spherical drupes with a hard shell and have a pungent taste, being green at first and then turning red. The crop is harvested when the fruits begin to turn red. In the process of drying in the sun, the peas turn black. Interestingly, the pepper liana is able to bear fruit twice a year for 25-50 years.

Black pepper is native to the Malabar coast of India. Black pepper is grown in Indonesia, Brazil and other countries with a subtropical climate. Our cold climate, of course, does not suit him, but I wanted to experiment.

From personal growing experience

Of course, it was not possible to find seed material in specialized stores. An ordinary supermarket helped - fortunately, at present, black peppercorns are not in short supply in our country. I bought a bag, selected the largest and most beautiful peas, soaked them for a day in warm water with aloe and planted them in a pot. Planting depth - 1 cm. She covered the ground with a plastic cup, periodically ventilated, lightly sprayed. Seeds "thought" for a long time, shoots appeared almost a month later.

Of the seven peas, only five sprouted.
The first conclusion: the seeds are fresh, because. they have not lost their germination capacity and peas do not undergo heat treatment, as they say, that is, they were dried in natural conditions. But this is, so to speak, a side effect. although positive, the result of the experiment. The negative was that in the literature it is recommended to plant black pepper at the beginning of summer, but I found out after planting, and November was on the calendar.

However, the seedlings looked cheerful. When the second leaves appeared, carefully transplanted them into separate pots. 10 days after the transplant, I slightly fed. Now my task was to create such conditions for the peppers to feel comfortable. The first time they were under the lamp. It was necessary to provide temperature regime. Black pepper feels great at a temperature of + 25C, does not like a sharp cold snap, and at temperatures below + 10 C, the plant dies. Pepper loves moisture. In the summer it is necessary to water plentifully, in the winter moderately. I water the peppers with water at room temperature. In winter, when the heating is turned on, there is a threat of overdrying the air. I sprayed my "babies" twice a day.
The seedlings spent the summer in the garden in the greenhouse, they got stronger, grew well. Covered from direct sunlight. Autumn transplant young plants tolerated well. I installed a support in each pot, otherwise the plant will lie on the surface of the earth.

In spring and summer, I feed black pepper with complex mineral fertilizers. In winter, the plants are at rest, it is better not to disturb them, water them carefully so as not to overdo it. Now that the peppers have matured, they hibernate on the east window, where I try to keep the temperature at least +18C. Of course, more light would be nice. It is recommended to transplant peppers every two years, this should be done carefully, it is preferable to use plastic pots, because they retain moisture better. Good drainage is required. The soil for plants needs nutritious, loose, consisting of equal parts of leafy, humus and soddy soil, peat, sand.

Black pepper begins to bear fruit in the second year. Blooms in April or May. I hope that already this year the “king of spices” will delight me with its flowering and Malabar berries.

As a bonus video about growing peppers at home:

Semen is considered the first month of summer because for the germination of pepper seeds, a temperature of + 25-28 ° C is required. Before sowing, you need to calibrate by selecting the largest peas, and then soak them in water for a day and plant them in a pot.

ATTENTION: Before planting the seeds, it is necessary to scald the pot with boiling water, and then pour the soil and immerse the seed in it.

Already a month later, you can see the first shoots.

Soil and fertilizer

For sowing seeds is being prepared, consisting of one share of sheet soil, half of sand and half of sod soil.

After the sprouts get stronger and finally develop one leaf, it will take 2 cm apart and then transplanting each plant in a separate dish with a diameter of 7-8 cm.

The soil composition remains unchanged.

ATTENTION: Transplantation when picking should be done carefully, the plant has a very sensitive root system.

After the appearance of the second true leaf of black pepper, it is necessary. Used for fertilizer chicken manure aqueous solution, previously settled for several days, in proportion 1:10. In the absence of such a solution, it can be replaced with purchased top dressing intended for ornamental deciduous plants.

5-7 days after fertilization when it grows root system plants, it can be transplanted into a larger pot. Black pepper is a liana plant, so you should take care of the support.

Pepper in top dressing needs autumn and spring, wherein every 2 years it is necessary to update the earth in a pot.

Watering

carried out soft water at room temperature. Black pepper loves high humidity, so it is necessary to constantly monitor the humidity and prevent the soil from drying out.

You can put the flowerpot on a pallet, filled with expanded clay or moistened peat.

In addition, the plant needs to be sprayed with water twice a day in warm time of the year.

In winter, the amount of spraying can be reduced.

Temperature regime

In order to create comfortable conditions for black pepper, it is necessary to provide diffused sunlight.

The best way- this is the placement of pots with a plant on the windowsill of an east or west window. Being in a north window, the pepper may experience a lack of light, and on the south windows it will need shading from direct rays.

ATTENTION: In the warm season, pepper is best grown outdoors in a bright place.

During active plant growth it is important to maintain the air temperature at 23-25°C, in the fall this bar can be lowered, and in winter time recommended temperature 18°C. It should be borne in mind that black pepper does not tolerate sudden temperature changes and may die if the temperature falls below 10°C.

Culture features

During cultivation you can see white formations on the back of the sheet resembling eggs. Over time they will turn black. These formations are a feature of plants, therefore they do not pose any danger.

In addition to seeds, black pepper propagated by layering, cuttings and division. With sufficient light and humidity, layering and cuttings root very quickly and well.

Harvesting

With proper black pepper grows 2 meters high and above. Flowering occurs in the second year, which results in the formation of yellow and red fruits.

black peppercorns- it is his plant fruit that have been dried in the sun.

From black peas you can get white pepper if you leave it for a week in water, and then peel off the black skin and dry it. Green peppercorns are obtained from unripe peas.

ATTENTION: Only black fruits are suitable for cultivation. You cannot grow a plant from a white, green or pink pea.

It is worth paying attention to the fact that foreign varieties of black pepper are grown in peas without picking, while they grow only one season.

Black pepper is perennial plant. Planted at home, pepper will delight with a stable harvest for several years. The main thing is proper fit and necessary care of the plant.

Useful materials

Read other articles on pepper seedlings:

• and do you need them?
• how to grow,

Black pepper is commonly referred to as the Malabarian berry. This plant in natural conditions is a tree-like liana 6 meters long, which twists around trees. Pepper cultivation is practiced on the plantations of Sri Lanka, Java, Borneo, Sumatra, and Brazil. Black, white and green peppers are obtained from each type of tree. In our country, fragrant black pepper is traditionally used as a seasoning for soups, marinades, meat, sausages. Allspice with a great desire to really grow in your country house or at home. How to get seedlings from seeds, move them to separate pots, create the proper conditions, read our article.

Difficulties of growing

What difficulties may lie in wait for those who decide to grow allspice at home? If your plant looks elongated and bare, then the reasons for this phenomenon can be a lack of useful elements and a small amount natural light. If the tips of the leaves, which have black pepper, have acquired a brown tint, this indicates an insufficient degree of humidity of the substrate and air. In winter, when growing allspice, yellowing of the foliage is dangerous for it, which is observed with high humidity. The result may be the appearance of chlorosis in the soil. If your favorite culture at home began to dry out, it can be assumed that there is an overabundance of light. If you place a potted plant in direct sunlight, the result will be pale greenery.

It should be remembered that black pepper is a tropical crop, and like all heat-loving plants, it reacts poorly to cold weather. Your pet at temperatures below 10 degrees can even die.

If during the growing process you find white sparks on the back of the leaf, do not be alarmed. Soon they will turn black, and the presence of such formations is a cultural feature, and this is quite normal.

Growing seedlings

Allspice can be propagated in several ways: using seeds, layering, cuttings or division.

To get high-quality seedlings, it is enough to buy peppercorns in the store. June is best suited for planting seeds, since the optimum temperature for the crop is 25 - 28 degrees Celsius. Pre-sowing preparation provides for calibration. After selecting the largest peas, they should be soaked for a day, then planted in a pot. Before planting, peas must be doused with boiling water, after which it is ready for laying in the soil. For sowing, you will need soil in which there is 1 part of sand and half of the sod land.

The first fragile sprouts of seedlings can really be obtained after 1 month. When the sprouts become a full-fledged bush, the seedlings are picked at a distance of several cm from each other. Pots with a diameter of 7–8 cm are used for planting. When picking, black pepper should be transplanted carefully, since it has fragile roots.

Feeding is advised when the second leaf appears on the seedlings. As a fertilizer, chicken manure has proven to be excellent, which is pre-diluted with water and kept for a couple of days. Its ratio with liquid is 1:10. Alternatively, it is permissible to use ready-made top dressing intended for deciduous crops.

When the roots of the plant grow, and usually this happens after a week, many transplant it into a larger pot. It should not be forgotten that the pet grows in the wild as a vine that wraps around trees, so at home he will need a reliable support.

It is possible to get white pepper from black peas if you place it in water for a week, then remove the peel and dry it. Green peppercorns are obtained from unripe peas. For cultivation, only black fruits are used. It will not be possible to get a plant from pink, white or green peas. The culture of foreign breeds does not need picking, but only one season grows.

Transplanting into pots and care

Allspice after transplanting into separate containers requires proper care. It needs diffused lighting. It is best to place the pots on the windowsills, which are located on the east or west side. If the pot is located on the south side, you will definitely need to create a shadow for it. If placed on a north window, the plant may suffer from a lack of a normal amount of lighting.

When black pepper enters a period of active vegetation, it needs a temperature regime of 20 to 25 degrees Celsius. In the autumn period, a slight decrease in indicators is permissible. In winter, the temperature should not fall below 18, in exceptional cases - not below 16 degrees.

Watering in spring and autumn is plentiful. Used settled soft water. Before each next watering, check whether the top layer of the earth has dried up. The frequency of watering in autumn decreases, and in winter it becomes even less. For this culture, both overdrying and waterlogging of the soil in which it grows are equally harmful.

Also relevant for pepper high rate humidity. If neglected, your pet will be overcome by diseases. It is important to spray twice a day. To provide the plant with additional moisture, it is recommended to place the pot on a special tray with peat or moistened expanded clay.

Top dressing should be applied to the soil 1 time in 2 weeks - this applies to the spring-autumn period. In winter and autumn, the plant does not need fertilizer. This culture tends to stay in winter in a dormant period. At this time, the temperature regime must be maintained at the level of 17 - 18 degrees.

Allspice is transplanted once every 2 years - this is true for mature crops. Young black pepper needs to be transplanted once a year, do this better in spring. For culture, a loose nutrient substrate is needed. One of the options for the composition is as follows: taken in equal parts leafy, soddy, humus soil, sand and peat.

So that the earth does not start to dry out, allspice is advised to be kept not in clay, but in plastic pots, although clay ones are considered more durable. High-quality drainage should be placed at the bottom of the pot.

Allspice is a perennial crop. Planted with his own hands at home or in the country, he will bring the owner a harvest for several years.

Pepper- is the fruit of a climbing shrub.

Black pepper is sometimes also called the "Malabar berry" in the place of its natural habitat - the Malabar Islands (in southern India). In nature, the shrub wraps around trees, climbing up. Since pepper has become an agricultural crop, poles have been set up for it on plantations, as for hops, and this limits its growth to a height of 4-5 m. The plant is a climbing shrub, reaching a height of 15 m. The leaves are 80 -100 mm. After flowering, round fruits grow, first green, then they turn yellow or red.

Vijayasankar Raman

The length of the brush is 80-140 mm, it contains 20-30 drupes. To get black pepper, the fruits are harvested unripe - green or slightly yellowing. When dried in the sun, they shrivel and turn black. The fruits of pepper do not ripen at the same time, so the period of its collection is greatly extended.

There are more than one and a half thousand species of plants belonging to the genus of peppers, the pepper family. However, only 5-6 species growing in South Asia are used as a spice. True peppers include black pepper, white pepper, cubeb pepper, long pepper, and African pepper.

Characteristics and origin:

Black pepper- dried unripe fruits of the tropical perennial shrub of the same name. Dried unripe fruits look like small black peas (hence the name - black pepper) with a pleasant aroma. Black pepper comes from eastern shores India, where it still grows as a wild jungle plant. It then made its way to Indonesia and other Southeast Asian countries. In Africa and America - only in the XX century. Black pepper was the cause of the discovery of America and the appearance of red pepper. After all, it was for him and other Indian spices that Christopher Columbus equipped the expedition.

In Sanskrit, black pepper is called maric. This is one of the names of the sun, and black pepper got this name due to the high content of solar energy in it.

Stephen Setukavala

The Greek name "peperi", the Latin "piper", the English "pepper", and the Russian "pepper" all derive from the Sanskrit name for pepper, "pippali".

In India, pepper has been highly valued since time immemorial and was one of the first oriental spices to conquer Europe, starting from Ancient Greece and Rome. A student of Aristotle, the Greek philosopher Theophrastus (372-287 BC), who is sometimes called the "father of botany", divided pepper into two types: black and long. From the Malabar coast of India, pepper traveled the world both by sea and by land. Through the Persian Gulf, it was delivered to Arabia, and through the Red Sea - to Egypt. Later, in 40 AD, the ships of the Roman Empire joined the pepper trade. Direct trade between Rome and India helped to eliminate the Arab monopoly on all kinds of "spicy treasures". In the Roman Empire, pepper took a strong place among the popular commercial goods. Frederic Rosengarten in his Book of Spices writes that during the reign of Emperor Marcus Aurelius, the pepper trade reached such an unprecedented scale that in 176 AD. customs tax in Alexandria was levied mainly by long or white pepper. Black pepper was not included in the tax filing, perhaps the authorities did this for political reasons, fearing to cause discontent among the people. To prevent the sack of Rome by the troops of the Gothic king and conqueror Alaric in 408 AD. the Romans paid him tribute, which, among other riches, included 3,000 pounds of pepper.

Cosmas Indinopleoustes, a merchant who later became a famous holy monk and traveled in India and Ceylon, described in detail in his book "Christian's Topography" the methods of cultivation, harvesting and preparation of pepper by the inhabitants of the Malabar Peninsula. Shortly thereafter, in the 1st century AD. Indian colonists established pepper plantations in Java. Marco Polo, in his memoirs, describes the "peppery abundance" in Java. He mentions Chinese ships that went to sea, each loaded with 6,000 baskets of pepper.

In the Middle Ages, pepper took an important place in European cuisine. It was used to add spice and good taste to raw and perishable food, and mainly to drown out the disgusting taste of meat.

Whole peppercorns were then very expensive and accepted by the authorities as payment for taxes, taxes, debts, and also as a dowry. In 1180, during the reign of Henry II, the Guild of Whole Pepper Merchants began to operate in London, which was then renamed the Spice Merchants Guild, and a century later became known as the Grocers Company, under which it has successfully developed to this day. .

Scott Nelson

In the 13th century, the economic growth and great wealth of Venice and Genoa, especially the latter, were achieved mainly through the spice trade. The Portuguese and Spaniards looked on with envy at this unheard-of enrichment. The fall (in 1453) of Constantinople and the unsustainable taxes of Muslim rulers on the spice trade further exacerbated the need for their sea campaign to the East. Europe's need for spices, especially black pepper, and the desire to become fabulously rich became the main incentives for the expedition of Columbus and the sea voyage of Vasco de Gama. All this allowed the Portuguese to seize a monopoly on the sale of spices, which they maintained for 100 years. After several decisive battles with the Muslims, they took possession of the coveted Malabar coast of India (in 1511), Ceylon, Java and Sumatra.

Later, the monopoly on the production of pepper passed into the hands of the Dutch, and belonged to them until 1799, when their East European Company went bankrupt. At the same time, the American captain Carnes moored a schooner in New York harbor with a cargo of black pepper, from the sale of which he earned $ 100,000. In the next 50 years (in the first half of the 19th century), American merchant ships occupied leading role in the global pepper trade. This business is known to have produced the first American millionaires. Currently, the largest pepper producers are India, Indonesia and Brazil, which produce more than 40,000 tons of pepper per year. The USA, Russia, Germany, Japan and England are the first in the list of consumers of black pepper.

Characteristics by origin:

1. MALABAR. A large amount of black pepper comes from the state of Kerala, which is located in the southwestern part of India (Malabar coast). Today, all Indian peppers are usually called Malabar. Pepper berries are large, with a strong aroma. Its essential oils contain a rich aromatic bouquet. It has a high content of piperine, and this gives it a sharpness.
2. LAMPONG. Indonesia and mainly the island of Sumatra is another major producer top quality black pepper. The pepper is grown in the Lampong province in the southeastern part of Sumatra, and is shipped from the port of Pandang. Pepper from Lampong is not inferior in quality to Indian. It is just as sharp and fragrant, it has a high content essential oils and piperine. A characteristic difference from Indian is that the pepper is smaller in size. Ground pepper from Lampong is slightly lighter than Indian pepper.
3. BRAZILIAN. Brazil is a very recent major producer of peppers. Peppers are grown in the northern state of Para, along the Amazon River. Plantations were established only in 1930, and a crop sufficient for export trade was obtained only in 1957. Since then, Brazil has been one of the main suppliers of black and white pepper. Brazilian black pepper has a relatively smooth surface and a peculiar appearance. The peel of the pepper is black, and the inside of the berry is creamy white.
4. CHINESE. Only recently has it been exported to the foreign market, although it is constantly grown in China. It is very light in color and soft in taste. It is grown mainly on the island of Hainan, southeast of the mainland.
5. SARAWAQ. The former British colony of Sarawak (now part of the Republic of Malaysia) along the northwest coast of Borneo is another global pepper producer. Shipping port v Kuching. The bulk of Sarawak pepper goes to Singapore for reloading and new shipments around the world, especially to the UK, Japan and Germany.
6. CEYLON. Now the country is officially called Sri Lanka, but pepper (like tea) is called Ceylon. It departs from Colombo, the capital and main seaport of the country. This pepper is used mainly for the production of extracts, as it has a high content of hot essential oils, piperine and capsicine.

OTHER. These are Madagascar, Thailand, Nigeria and Vietnam. Peppers are produced in large quantities. Now Vietnam is strengthening its position, but the quality of pepper there does not always meet the requirements for pepper good quality.

Eric Royer Stoner

There are two main qualities of pepper - its sharpness (due to piperine) and aroma (depending on the content of essential oils). The most dense and heavy pepper of the highest quality from the Malabar coast of India is considered the best. This is Malabar Grade 1 or MG1. Its density is 570-580 grams per liter. Such pepper is very economical in use and is recommended for use in the production of boiled sausages.

Growing:

Black pepper is grown in Sri Lanka, Java, Sumatra, Borneo, Brazil. Plant growth is limited to a height of 5 m. It grows on high rods, similar to hops. Begins to bear fruit after three years. Landings can be used for 15-20 years. The crop is harvested when the fruits begin to turn red. In the process of drying in the sun, the fruits turn black. Black pepper is better, the harder, darker, heavier it is. 1000 grains of good quality black pepper should weigh exactly 460 g. Therefore, in ancient times, black pepper served as weights for weighing pharmaceutical products that require great accuracy.

White pepper has a more delicate taste, noble and strong aroma and is valued higher. Get white pepper in Thailand, Laos, Cambodia.

Scott Nelson

Application:

Black pepper aids in digestion and the Romans used it in large quantities. But this cannot be recommended. However, in the quantities in which it is used in our kitchen, this is not harmful to health.

Pepper is used for soups, gravies, sauces, vegetable salads, marinades, in the preparation of all types of meat, including game, savoy cabbage, beans, peas, lentils, sauerkraut, goulash, eggs, cheeses, tomatoes, fish, canned vegetables and for a large number of other dishes that are prepared in our kitchen. Home slaughter of a pig, sausage making and a whole range of meat products are indispensable without black pepper.

Black pepper- the most versatile spice for many dishes. It goes on sale in the form of peas or ground. Ground peppercorns have the greatest aroma. In ground form, black pepper is used to season various dishes, minced meats, and fillings. Pepper is added to dishes shortly before readiness, otherwise, with prolonged cooking, the dish acquires excessive bitterness. Ground pepper is recommended to be stored hermetically packed, otherwise it quickly exhales and loses its properties.

Along with pepper fragrant and red siliculose, black pepper is widely used in the canning industry in the production of vegetable marinades, salads, canned meat. If in these cases black pepper is used in the form of peas, then in soups, gravies and sauces, sausages and cheeses - only ground.

Types of spices:

Black pepper is obtained from the unripe fruit of the plant. In order to clean them and prepare them for drying, the fruits are quickly scalded in hot water. Heat treatment destroys the cell wall of the pepper, speeding up the enzymes responsible for browning. The fruits are then dried in the sun or by machines for several days. During this time, the fruit shell shrinks and darkens around the seed, forming a thin wrinkled black layer. Dried in this way, the fruits are called black peppercorns. Black pepper is used both in whole peas and in ground - as a separate seasoning, and in a variety of mixtures.

breki74

White pepper is the mature seeds of black pepper, devoid of the pericarp. Usually, to obtain white pepper, ripe fruits are soaked in water for about one week. As a result of soaking, the shell of the fruit decomposes and softens, after which it is separated and the remaining seeds are dried. There are alternative ways to separate the shell from pepper seeds, including mechanical, chemical and biological.

White pepper has a light gray color, has a more delicate taste, noble and strong aroma. This spice has almost the same uses as black pepper.

Green pepper, like black pepper, is obtained from unripe fruits. Dried green peas are processed in such a way as to preserve their green color, for example, using sulfur dioxide or by lyophilization (drying). Similarly, pink (red) peppers are also obtained from the ripe fruit (pink peppers from Piper nigrum should be distinguished from the more common pink peppers made from the fruits of Peruvian pepper or Brazil pepper).

Also, green and red peppercorns are pickled or used fresh (mainly in Thai cuisine). The smell of fresh peas is described as fresh and savory, with a strong aroma.

Medical use:

Affects the systems: digestive, circulatory, respiratory.

General tonic, expectorant, carminative, anthelmintic.

Studies show that pepper, in addition to the properties listed above, reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease: thins blood, destroys clots, improves blood circulation. It also promotes digestion, stimulates the metabolic process, activating calorie burning. Peppers contain three times more vitamin C than oranges. It is also rich in calcium, iron, phosphorus, carotene and B vitamins. In addition, pepper is able to enhance the effect of other medicinal plants.

Peter Nijenhuis

Recommended for: chronic indigestion, toxins in the rectum, metabolic disorders, obesity, high temperature, fever, during a crisis colds. Pepper has long been considered a medicinal plant. Even the Mayans used it to relieve pain, treat coughs, sore throats, asthma and other respiratory diseases.

You can't do without pepper in the kitchen. This spice is so common that in public catering establishments they put ground pepper in special pepper pots on tables in dining rooms. And any visitor can pepper the dish at his own discretion and taste.

Is it possible to grow black, green, or white peppercorns at home? It turns out you can, and it's relatively easy to do. And you don’t need to get the seeds, just go to the store and buy black peppercorns. If you see by weight, try to find the largest peas. After harvesting, they are dried in the sun, black peppercorns are not subjected to another heat treatment - and therefore it is quite possible to grow new plants from them.

The benefits of black pepper

People have long appreciated black pepper, which was one of the first to come to Europe from India. And it is no coincidence that black pepper is the most versatile spicy plant: it improves digestion, kills bacteria and protects against dysentery, colic, diarrhea and constipation. They can be treated for colds and coughs. Also, black pepper is a natural antioxidant that can decompose substances harmful to the body. For example, it destroys fat cells in the body, and therefore, along with it, helps to fight excess weight.

Still, they shouldn't get too carried away. It is also contraindicated in stomach ulcers, and other diseases of the stomach and intestines.

Growing black pepper

Buy black peppercorns, choose the largest peas, and soak for a day in water.

The selected black pepper should be placed in water for a day, and then planted on seedlings in a container. Planting peppers is best in early summer when temperatures are hot. The optimum temperature for growing black pepper is 25-30 degrees.

The soil

The soil for planting is best prepared from soddy land, sand and humus in equal proportions. After the second leaf appears, the pepper needs to be fed. For top dressing, use an aqueous solution of bird droppings in a ratio of 1:10. infused for a couple of days. A week after top dressing, the plant can be transplanted into large individual pots.

Feeding is also done in summer and spring. Once every two years, the plant is changed to a new soil.

Watering

Pour black pepper with water at room temperature. Black pepper is a moisture-loving plant. You need to make sure that the soil does not dry out, but also not too wet. You also need to spray the plants in the summer twice a day with water. In winter, spraying is done less frequently.

Temperature and lighting

During the summer, keep your black pepper plants outdoors in a quiet, bright spot, but out of direct sunlight as they may burn.

The rest of the time, bring it into the room - on the windowsill. Keep in mind that the temperature is less than 10 degrees, and sudden cold snaps, black pepper may not withstand and die. In winter, the temperature should be reduced to about 18 degrees. Lowering the temperature below 16 degrees is undesirable.

Peculiarities

In the process of growing the reverse side of the leaves of black pepper, something similar to eggs may appear. white color, which subsequently turn black. Pay no attention - this is normal.

reproduction

In addition to peppercorns, black pepper can be propagated using cuttings and layering.

Harvest

At proper care the plant reaches 2 meters in height, or more. Since this is a liana plant, you need to put props. In the second year, black pepper will bloom, and then will give yellow and red fruits.

Black peppercorns are sun-dried peppers.

White pepper is obtained from black pepper by soaking peppercorns in water. The peas lie in the water for a week, after which the black shell is torn off and dried.

Green pepper from unripe green fruits of black. After drying, they remain green. A little more mature fruits - and you get red pepper.

Only black peppercorns are suitable for growing. Green, white and red peppers are not planted - nothing will grow out of them.

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