PDD in winter. Memo on the rules of the road in winter Rules of the road in winter presentation
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Prepared by the senior educator of MBDOU "CRR - Kindergarten No. 133 "Mahinova Tatyana Nikolaevna Rules of conduct for adults with children on the road in winter
In winter the days are shorter. It gets dark early and very quickly.
It must be remembered that children, and especially young ones, do not yet have sufficient skills for safe behavior on the roads.
Due to their small stature, they may not be able to see the approaching danger due to cars parked along the road. It is important to remind children that they are much smaller than cars, which may prevent them from seeing the road completely and may not be seen by drivers.
During snowfalls, visibility deteriorates noticeably, drifts appear, and the movement of pedestrians and vehicles is limited and difficult. Snow closes the eyes of pedestrians and obstructs the view of the road
The main rules of behavior on the road in winter! Double attention and increased caution! Use only underground, overground or regulated transfers. And in case of their absence, when crossing, increase the safe distance to the car Visible » winter clothes. One of the most simple ways make drivers notice your child - buy them bright clothes in light colors.
Reflective accessories. Buying and attaching a trendy retroreflective accessory to your child's clothing - a bandage, patch or key chain - you increase the chances that the driver will notice him from afar on a cloudy winter day.
Stop, look, listen! One of the basic rules of behavior on the road, which you need to teach your child
Active learning is the key to success. Try to discuss with your child more often what he sees on the road. Ask him if it's safe or not. Let your child make decisions with you so he can learn by doing. BE an EXAMPLE FOR YOUR CHILD!
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes
Road. Rules of conduct on the road.
Rules for the behavior of children on the road. Two A4 sheets. ____________________________________________ The material in full size can be downloaded on the radical: http://i082.radikal.ru/...
Schoolchildren about the rules traffic road users
- When you go outside, you unwittingly become a road user. And the traffic situation in the city also depends on how you behave.
- The main duties of pedestrians ... They are very simple, but very necessary. I am sure that they will be useful to you in life.
- Remember:
- Pedestrians must walk on sidewalks and footpaths. If there are no sidewalks, footpaths, roadsides, bicycle paths or it is impossible to move along them, it is allowed to walk along the edge of the carriageway in one line.
- Outside built-up areas, pedestrians must walk towards traffic. Vehicle.
- Remember: the roadway is a place of hard work for the driver. Your presence in the path of a moving vehicle complicates the work of drivers and can create an emergency.
- Pedestrians must cross the road through underground passages, in places marked with markings or signs "Pedestrian crossing".
- Having entered the carriageway, where there is a pedestrian crossing, pedestrians receive an advantage over transport, that is, the right to priority movement, but this right cannot be abused.
- On sections of roads where there are no marked pedestrian crossings; it is allowed to cross the road at intersections along the line of sidewalks or roadsides, and between them - at a right angle in places where it is clearly visible.
- It is dangerous to enter the roadway in places with limited visibility. Do not attempt to cross the road near standing vehicles.
- In places where traffic is regulated, pedestrians must be guided by the signals of the traffic controller or traffic lights. Before you start crossing, look at the traffic lights. If the red signal is on, you need to stop regardless of whether there is an approaching vehicle or not.
- You can start the transition only when the traffic light is green. After making sure that the drivers have stopped, you can start moving across the roadway. If you haven't completed the permissive transition in time, don't worry. Depending on the situation, you can finish the crossing or stop at the traffic island, and if there is none, in the middle of the roadway.
- Do not run across the road in front of nearby traffic, as it cannot be stopped instantly.
- Do not stand waiting for transport on the roadway. This may end in disaster for you.
- And finally, remember: transport is a source of increased danger! In order not to become a victim or the perpetrator of a traffic accident, follow the rules of the road!
Road safety rules for pedestrians in winter Completed by: Zamuruev VV, teacher-organizer of life safety, MBOU "Skorodnenskaya secondary school" p. Skorodnoe 2015
Goals and objectives of this presentation: To acquaint children with the peculiarities of road traffic in the winter season; Consider the most dangerous situations that may arise on a winter road with the participation of pedestrians; Teach children the rules of safe behavior on the road in winter, as pedestrians; Explain to children that games and entertainment near the road in winter are very dangerous for their life and health; Consolidate the acquired knowledge in the form of testing.
Features of the road in winter In winter, the road often becomes slippery. Snow, ice, snow-water porridge during the thaw worsen the adhesion of the car's wheels to the road, which is why the braking distance of cars increases significantly. It is important to remember that even well-cleaned and treated asphalt remains wet in winter. Accordingly, on such a road surface, the braking distance still increases, albeit to a lesser extent. Therefore, the usual (summer) safe distance to an approaching vehicle must be increased. Conclusion: you need to play it safe and let the approaching car pass even if it seems to you that it is far away.
The procedure for crossing the road at a regulated pedestrian crossing When the green light is on at the traffic light, do not rush to immediately go off the sidewalk to the pedestrian crossing! Start crossing only when you have looked around and assessed the situation on the road near the crossing. It is better to linger for a second or two on the pavement, but be sure that all vehicles have stopped. For the same reason, you should not cross the roadway when the green signal starts flashing. Better wait for the next green traffic light. Remember! Rushing on a slippery road is generally not acceptable. Even if you are in a hurry somewhere - do not run, but walk at a fast pace. The procedure for crossing the road at an adjustable pedestrian crossing
The procedure for crossing the road at an unregulated pedestrian crossing In winter, at an unregulated pedestrian crossing, one must be very careful and exercise double caution. This is especially true for busy roads and those with two or more lanes for traffic in each direction. Before starting the transition, you need to make sure that there are no vehicles approaching at high speed in the immediate vicinity to the left and right, and those approaching stopped to let you through. Only after that you can cross the road periodically looking left and right. Crossing the road is strictly prohibited! When a person runs, he does not look around. Turning your head on the run for inspection is difficult - you can slip, stumble and fall. Do not cross the road in the wrong place if there is an underground or elevated pedestrian crossing nearby. Moreover, this should not be done in the presence of children, since by doing this you endanger your own and their lives.
Dangers of closed view In winter, there are more situations of closed view. Snowdrifts along the edge of the carriageway, narrowing of the road due to snow not cleared in time, and a parked snow-covered car make it difficult to see approaching cars. Therefore, if possible, then look for another more safe place to cross the road. If this is not possible, proceed with double caution. Listen and look out from behind the obstacle. Look what is there: behind the car, a snowdrift, etc. Take a step forward and stop. "Show" yourself to the drivers so that they can notice you. And only then, making sure that there is no danger, start the transition.
Road hazards during snowfall During snowfall, visibility deteriorates, and movement of pedestrians and vehicles is hindered. In such weather, be especially careful. Before stepping onto the roadway, carefully look around and listen for any approaching traffic. Remember that in the snow, cars of light colors - white, silver, light gray, beige - merge with the surrounding landscape and become less noticeable.
Snowfall creates problems not only for pedestrians, but also for drivers. In heavy snowfall, visibility drops to 30-40 meters, and there is so much dirt flying from under the wheels of cars in front (especially if the road was abundantly sprinkled with sand or reagents) that the “wipers” on the windshield do not always cope with it. The driver in this situation often drives "from memory". And in order not to create unforeseen and dangerous situations, strictly follow the Rules of the road. Do not run out into the roadway because of snowdrifts, standing cars and similar obstacles. Remember, safety on the road depends on everyone.
Attention! Ice. Ice is even more dangerous than ordinary snow. If, after the thaw, frost “grabs” the road, then the road is covered with a thin layer of ice (not always visible to the eye). In ice, the likelihood of “skidding”, skidding of the car increases, and most importantly, the braking distance is unpredictably lengthened. Pay special attention to those places where cars accelerate or slow down - in front of intersections, at public transport stops, at exits from yards, on uphills and downhills.
Here, a layer of ice, the so-called roll, often forms on the asphalt. It is very slippery, but since it only forms in some places, it often comes as a surprise to drivers. When the driver presses on the brake and gets into a coast, the distance reserve may simply not be enough for him. And when starting off, when the driver presses the gas, at the first moment the wheels spin, and it seems to you that the car continues to stand still. In fact, she is already, as it were, “driving”, only her wheels are spinning idle. When, with an increase in gas, the wheels finally “hook” on the road, the car will take off at a much higher speed - just like a pebble fired from a slingshot. Remember this and never run across the road when the green light starts flashing!
Attention! Thaw. In the thaw, treacherous puddles appear on the street, under which ice is hidden. When crossing the roadway, it is better to wait until there are no passing cars on the road. In no case do not run across the roadway, even at the crossing! Go step by step and be careful. The snow-water porridge formed on the roads can hide pits, potholes and other "surprises" for the driver. Noticing that the car in front has hit a hole with a wheel, the driver following can try to go around it, sharply changing the trajectory of movement, which is also fraught with skidding.
And in the thaw, from under the wheels of passing cars, not only dirty sprays fly, but also small pebbles, which are often sprinkled on roads, and ice fragments. In this situation, it is safer to stay away from the edge of the carriageway. Now many drivers put studded tires on their cars. They help a lot on ice and packed snow, but in the thaw, when the roads are covered with snow and water porridge, they become dangerous, because, as experts say, they “do not keep the road”, that is, they lose grip. At the same time, the car can become uncontrollable at any time, and it can skid. Therefore, even when walking along the sidewalk, be attentive and careful and watch the traffic passing by.
Pedestrian - be visible! In winter the days are shorter. At dusk and in the dark, visibility deteriorates significantly. In the dark, it is easy to make a mistake in determining the distance both to a moving car and to stationary objects. Often close objects seem far away, and distant objects seem close. There are visual deceptions: a stationary object can be mistaken for a moving one, and vice versa. Therefore, in twilight and darkness, be especially careful. Cross only on underground, elevated or regulated crossings, and in case of their absence, increase the safe distance to the car when crossing.
It is very important that there are flickers (reflectors) on the clothes. The headlights that hit them will immediately “return” to the driver, and he will notice the pedestrian. According to the experience of Finnish and Norwegian traffic police, the use of retroreflective elements can reduce the number of accidents by 85%. The best reflectors are white or lemon yellow. They are the brightest. Choose a simple shape - a circle, a square, a heart. Try to choose flickers without drawings and inscriptions, because this reduces its effectiveness.
How to wear flickers? One firefly is not enough. Reflective elements must be located in front, behind and on each side. The optimal height of the reflectors is 80–100 cm above the ground. Pendants are best attached to a belt, belt, buttons, and also to a bag or backpack. Armbands or bracelets - so that they are not covered when moving. Badges can be placed anywhere, but also in such a way that they perform their main function - they warn the driver about the presence of a pedestrian on the road. And if you live outside the city or often go there, ask your parents to buy you a special vest with reflective stripes. Then the drivers will definitely notice you in any weather and at any time of the day.
Winter games and fun Remember, games and other entertainment near roads and railways are strictly prohibited. Choose a safe place for games and entertainment: a park, a square, a playground - those places where there is no transport. Go skiing, sledding, snowboarding away from the roadway. Rolling down the slopes of the road is dangerous! Not having time to slow down, you can get right under the wheels of cars. Never cross the road on skis. Before the transition, you must unfasten the bindings and carry the skis in your hands. Everyone loves to play in the snow. But don't play next to the road! Remember: a snowball hitting the windshield of a moving car can cause an accident!
Playing near a running snowplow is also very dangerous! Even in the yard or in the park! Rolled ice paths on the sidewalk or on pedestrian crossings can cause serious injury! Such a path is especially dangerous when it is lightly powdered with a layer of freshly fallen snow. You don’t see it, you step on it, as on an ordinary earthly, or rather, snowy firmament, and it treacherously slips out from under your feet. So when you're walking on the sidewalk, don't roll out ice spools and don't be tempted to drive over them. After all, if no one does this, then treacherous ice paths will not appear where they should not be.
Do not forget about the rules for crossing railway tracks. They must be crossed at special pedestrian crossings marked with appropriate signs and in the absence of an approaching train. You can not crawl under the cars or climb over the couplers of the cars of the train standing on the tracks, this is very dangerous.
Remember: By studying traffic rules - we prevent accidents! Be extremely careful on winter roads.
Dear parents!
We remind you that inwinter period increases sharply
the likelihood of traffic accidents.
In winter the days are shorter. It gets dark early and very quickly. At dusk and in the dark, visibility deteriorates significantly. In the dark, it is easy to make a mistake in determining the distance both to a moving car and to stationary objects. Often close objects seem far away, and distant objects seem close. There are visual deceptions: a stationary object can be mistaken for a moving one, and vice versa.
Therefore, in twilight and darkness, be especially careful. Cross only at underground, elevated or controlled crossings. And in case of their absence - when crossing, increase the safe distance to the car.
To avoid accidents on the road with you and your children, we remind you of:
Systematically repeating with the child the basic Rules of the Road.
Strengthening control over the behavior of children on the street.
When using personal vehicles, wear seat belts, also use seat belts and other devices when transporting children.
By personal example, teach children to follow the Rules of the Road and be careful on the street.
BE PARTICULARLY CAREFUL:
In the snow:
At this time, visibility deteriorates noticeably, drifts appear, the movement of pedestrians and vehicles is limited and difficult. Snow closes the eyes of pedestrians and obstructs the view of the road. For the driver, visibility on the road is also deteriorating.
In frosty weather:
The windows of cars are covered with frost, and it is very difficult for the driver to observe the road.
Crossing the street in front of a nearby car is always dangerous, and now even more so. And so that trouble does not happen to you, do not rush, wait until all the transport has passed. Only then can you cross the street. Do not forget that pedestrian traffic may be difficult due to ice on the roadway.
In cities, the streets are sprinkled with special chemicals so that snow does not form. As a result, even in moderate frost, the roadway can be covered with snow-water porridge, which is lifted into the air in the form of a suspension by the wheels of passing vehicles. The suspension settles on the windshields of cars, making it difficult for drivers to monitor the traffic situation. In such a situation, it is even more difficult for the driver to notice the pedestrian!
In ice:
The warm days are followed by cold weather. The road was covered with ice crust, it became slippery. In these conditions, it is very dangerous to appear in front of a nearby vehicle: it is difficult to stop a car on a slippery road. Therefore, on the way home, be especially careful. Do not rush, because you can suddenly fall and be under the wheels.
Remember that you will save yourself from an accident only by impeccable observance of the Rules of the Road.
In sunny weather:
The bright sun, oddly enough, is also a hindrance. The bright sun and white snow create the effect of glare, as if a person is “dazzled”. Therefore, you need to be extremely careful.
Mittens should be handled with care: it is better not only to hold the child tightly by the hand dressed in a woolen house, but also to hold him by the wrist. Warm winter clothing makes it difficult to move freely, hinders movement. Having slipped, in such clothes it is more difficult to maintain balance. In addition, hoods, furry collars and winter hats also obstruct the view.
In the thaw:
At this time, insidious puddles appear on the street, under which ice is hidden. The road is getting very slippery! Therefore, when crossing the roadway, it is better to wait until there are no passing cars. In no case do not run across the roadway, even at the crossing! Move only step by step and be careful.
Remember:
The number of closed viewing places in winter is increasing. Prevents you from seeing approaching vehicles:
- snowdrifts on the roadside;
- narrowing of the road due to unremoved snow;
- parked snow car.
This means that you need to be extremely careful, first you must stop and, only after making sure that there is no transport nearby, cross the roadway.
Always remember that knowledge and observanceRules of the road- a guarantee of the safety of your life and the life of your child.
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Know and follow the rules of the road!
You should always bypass the tram only When you get off the tram, you need to reach the pedestrian crossing and only there cross the road. front.
Most often, a trolleybus and bus stop is located behind a crossroads or a pedestrian crossing. Therefore, you need to reach the pedestrian crossing and only there cross the street.
Cyclists are prohibited from letting go of the steering wheel, as well as clinging to moving cars. Remember that only those who are 14 years old are allowed to ride bicycles on the streets of the city.
Even the most experienced driver will not be able to immediately stop the car. Especially on slippery roads. Never cross the street in front of nearby traffic.
Do not play snowballs, football on the sidewalks and the carriageway of the street, roads. It is very dangerous. Do not sled, ski or skate on streets or roads. For games, special places are allocated in the yards, on playgrounds, in parks.
Crossroads are the most dangerous place for pedestrians. It is necessary to cross the intersection only at pedestrian crossings.
This sign indicates that there is a pedestrian crossing here.
This sign indicates that the underpass here is the safest for pedestrians.
When crossing the street, follow the traffic lights
Stop! Stop!” - commands a pedestrian a red signal
"Attention! Get ready! Now let me cross the street!” - that's what the yellow signal means
"The path is clear. Go!" is the green traffic light command.
Guys! Obey the rules of the road!
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AUTOMOBILE. ROAD. A PEDESTRIAN. Discipline on the streets, roads and transport is the key to safety
The history of the development of transport. anemone first wagon chariot steam car crew first car
Crews and their similarities to the first cars
TASK. List the means of transportation. What types of transport do you know?
Types of vehicles, their classification. Depending on the place of movement, all transport is divided into 5 large groups: air, ground, underground, water, rail.
Air
Ground transport cargo cars public transport Special transport land type of rail transport
underground railway
Road users Pedestrian - the sidewalk, and the driver - the road.
EXERCISE. Find errors in the behavior of pedestrians...
Passenger! Conduct yourself with dignity. . Duties of Passengers. Expect public transport only at stops. 2. Enter the rear doors and exit the front doors of the vehicle. 3. Before entering, let out those who get out of the transport. 4. At an unregulated street crossing, bypass the tram in front, and the bus and trolleybus in the back. 5. In transport, behave with dignity: - do not make noise and do not push; give way to the elderly and the disabled, women with heavy bags; -hold on to the handrails while the vehicle is in motion; - do not forget to pay your fare or present a travel document; - never try to get into transport on the move (you can slip off the steps and fall under the wheels of the bus); - do not enter a crowded bus, trolleybus, tram; - items that are sharp and inconvenient for other passengers should be well packed and carefully placed so that they do not interfere with anyone.
On the carriageway it is forbidden to: 1. Ride bicycles and scooters. 2. Play games. 3 . Play with a ball. 4. Run across the road.
What could be the consequences? Every day, about 1.5 thousand children die on the roads of Russia. 24 thousand are injured.
If there was trouble on the road - Urgently call - 02 03
ROAD SIGNS
NO ENTRY Pedestrian traffic prohibited Truck traffic prohibited Motorcycle traffic prohibited Bicycle traffic prohibited Overtaking prohibited
No right turn No left turn No U-turn No maximum speed limit No stop No parking
Warning Signs Railroad crossing with a barrier Crossing equivalent roads Traffic lights control Dangerous turns Narrowing of the road
Two-way traffic Pedestrian crossing Children Wild animals Other hazards Direction of turn
prescriptive Move straight Move right Move right Move right or left Move straight or right Move straight or left
Minimum speed limit Footpath Traffic cars Cycle path Avoiding an obstacle on the right or left Roundabout
Correct behavior on the roads is an indicator of human culture. I wish you all safe roads. Be educated. See you soon!
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History of car development
Questions How did it all start? What cars were there before? How did the car develop? What should be the car in the 21st century?
The wheel It all started from ancient times. The invention of the wheel gave a very powerful impetus to the development of technology.
Cart A cart has appeared. At first, the man himself dragged her, but soon began to involve his four-legged brethren in the hard work.
Cart driven by the wind Man soon came up with the idea of using the wind, but the wind did not always blow.
Self-propelled carriages The most interesting is Ivan Kulibin's three-wheeled scooter, which he created in 1791.
Steam wagon Steam engines appeared. In 1763, the French engineer Cogno built the first steam wagon. Such a car could drive as much as fifteen minutes
Crew with a gasoline engine The advent of the internal combustion engine. In 1885, the first carriage with a gasoline engine was manufactured.
Modern car Since then, the car has undergone many changes. But the car still stands on 4 wheels and it still has a gasoline engine.
Eco car green apple Eco car does not pollute environment, and as you move, with the help of built-in filters, it purifies the air.
Conclusion The history of the car, like the history of man, is not over yet and a lot of interesting things are waiting for us ahead. So glory to the first masters! So glory to those who build cars for us in our age!
Thank you for your attention!
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Compliance with safety measures when crossing the road in winter
The main rule of behavior on the road in winter is double attention and increased caution!
Snowdrifts narrow the carriageway. The transition through snowdrifts is noticeably more complicated. In fact, they become another "trap" on the road. If the car is standing and it is covered with snow, this is also a “trap”. You have to be very careful and before you get out of the snowdrift onto the road, move forward literally half a length and look at it in all directions.
Therefore, the usual (summer) safe distance to the car for crossing must be increased several times. In snow or ice, the likelihood of “skidding”, skidding of the car increases, and, most importantly, the braking distance is unpredictably lengthened.
On a slippery road, the stopping distance of the car is significantly increased.
The safe distance to the car must be increased. Do not rush!
On short daylight hours, when crossing the road, it is necessary to follow the light signals of traffic lights and drivers. The bright sun is also a hindrance, together with white snow they create a glare effect, a person is blinded, and again you need to be extremely careful.
Narrow winter roads, snowdrifts on the roadsides, skidding and standing snow-covered cars are all additional obstacles to traffic and people.
Do not stand next to a skidding machine! Don't try to push her! Pieces of ice and stones may fly out from under the wheels. And most importantly - the car can suddenly break out of the snow captivity and rush in any direction. Stay away from a running snow blower.
Where do you need to cross the street? Pedestrian crossing only
How do you get on public transport? We must wait until other passengers get off, then enter
While the bus, trolleybus or tram is in motion, do not touch the doors with your hands. You have to wait for the driver to open them. You can’t distract the driver and talk to him, because he must watch the road You can’t lean out of the window while driving You can’t talk loudly - this interferes with the driver and other passengers Rules for public transport passengers
How to bypass the tram? front
How to bypass the bus and trolleybus? Behind
Where can children under 14 ride a bike? Only in the yard
Thank you for your attention
