Novelties in the market of finishing materials. Repair of the future: new technologies in finishing work
The new decade has already been swept aside in the construction market by the active emergence of a large number of unusual materials and technologies. Innovations in the field of construction and finishing materials changed both the process itself and the general trends in construction.
"Warm" wall blocks from polystyrene concrete.
Manufacturers of a new generation of blocks have tried to deviate from the traditional layering. The fact is that a number of existing building masonry materials for low-rise construction is a combination of concrete with heat-insulating materials. The tightness of the contact in such a combination just raises many questions among specialists and amateurs.
After all, if the contact between the insulation and concrete is not absolute, then condensation may occur on the surface of the concrete due to the temperature difference, which will lead to "corrosion" of the concrete and its subsequent destruction. The service life of such a multilayer structure is also questionable. The working resource of almost any insulation rarely exceeds 50 years, and even less in Siberian climatic conditions. What awaits the wall block when the insulation is destroyed?
As an alternative, manufacturers offer polystyrene concrete wall blocks with a ready-made facade finish. Polystyrene concrete belongs to cellular lightweight concrete. Its porousization is achieved by introducing foamed polystyrene granules with a density of 8-16 kg/m5 into the cement mixture. In addition, unlike foam concrete and aerated concrete, the pores of polystyrene concrete have a closed structure. Due to this, it has higher heat-shielding properties than foam concrete and aerated concrete. The coefficient of its thermal conductivity is from 0.55 to 0.12 W / m C.
Therefore, a wall made of polystyrene concrete blocks is lightweight and does not require additional insulation. But the main thing is that due to the closed pore structure, polystyrene concrete absorbs less moisture, i.e. has less water absorption than other cellular concretes. Due to the presence of an outer layer of heavy concrete on the wall block, work on outdoor decoration home can be kept to a minimum. All this in the complex allows you to save on the construction of the house as a whole. Scope: construction of low-rise residential buildings, outbuildings, garages, fences.
Granular and block foam zeolite and foam glass
These are heat-insulating materials produced on the basis of natural raw materials of the Siberian region. The production of products is based on low-temperature foaming (up to 850°C) and local raw materials. Zeolite foam and foam glass are environmentally friendly, biologically stable and very warm materials with a thermal conductivity coefficient of 0.06 - 0.09 W / (m ° C). They have practically zero water absorption, are characterized by good frost resistance and are ideal for use in Siberian climatic conditions. Their service life is more than 100 years, which is twice as long as the working life of thermal insulation materials used today.
In addition, their production requires simpler and cheaper raw materials, which is why the product has a relatively low cost. So far, Tugan sands are used for its production. In the future, according to scientists, it will be possible to produce foam-glass-ceramic material from other, even more accessible types of raw materials.
Expanded clay is a direct analogue of granulated foam zeolite. However, compared with expanded clay, the novelty has better performance characteristics. Scope: backfill thermal insulation and strengthening of thermal protection of ceilings, floors, well masonry walls in civil and industrial buildings. Block version of granulated foam zeolite and foam glass - in civil, residential, low-rise construction.
New products in the segment of thermal insulation materials are focused on one of the main trends in the construction market - environmental friendliness. Linen is an environmentally friendly material, which, thanks to modern production technologies, has received a new form of execution, improved heat-shielding characteristics and a wider scope.
Starch is used as a binder; for fire and biological protection, the material is impregnated with natural boron salts. Flax slabs do not support combustion and are characterized by excellent thermal conductivity and sound absorption, providing protection from heat, cold and noise at home. The coefficient of thermal conductivity of the material with a thickness of 5 cm and a density of 32-34 kg / m3 is 0.038 - 0.04 W / mK. Sound absorption coefficient - 0.98.
Flax fiber, unlike mineral wool, is able to absorb and simultaneously release moisture without accumulating condensate, which makes its heat-shielding qualities stable; when using such thermal insulation, an internal vapor barrier layer is not required. The service life of linen thermal insulation material, according to manufacturers, is more than 60 years. The material retains operational properties throughout the entire service life of the structure.
Scope: insulation and sound insulation of walls, roofs, attics, floors, ceilings, internal partitions in individual houses, apartments, public, industrial buildings and structures.
Everything is in business
A solution to the problem of high cost square meter housing was offered by NGASU specialists. Namely, to use building materials produced on the basis of man-made waste when building a house. Thus, cement is an expensive raw material. Moreover, it is always lacking in the construction market. The use of industrial waste in the production of building materials makes it possible to partially or completely replace cement and thus reduce the cost of construction.
Included in the formulation of building materials, industrial waste, among other things, improves a number of their technical characteristics. For example, they reduce thermal conductivity, increase water resistance, and more. Finished building materials are characterized by high strength properties, environmental friendliness and durability.
Of course, not all man-made waste is suitable for the production of building materials and not all building materials can be produced using this technology. To obtain data on possible cement substitutes, a number of studies are needed. Research by NGASU specialists and obtaining samples were carried out on the example of diabase - a finely dispersed powder formed during the crushing of diabase rock to obtain crushed stone (deposit in the village of Gorny, Novosibirsk region).
When it is introduced into the composition of the masonry building material, the appearance of efflorescence on the surface of such a block or brick is practically excluded, the quality of the product itself improves, the material gains strength in the early stages of hardening. The complete replacement of cement with diabase as part of a building masonry or finishing material ensures the production of waterproof products.
In tandem with other industrial waste (flax fire, sawdust), diabase can significantly improve the performance of heat-insulating and structural-heat-insulating materials in terms of thermal conductivity.
This material has been offered on the market for several years, but still remains a novelty. This is the name of a class of paints and varnishes that form an energy-saving coating when dried. In composition and method of application, it resembles regular paint, although it differs from conventional paints and varnishes in heat-shielding properties. Just like paint, liquid thermal insulation is applied to the surface with a brush, roller or airless sprayer.
After drying, it forms a homogeneous, even, elastic coating that works like a thermos. The principle of operation of the coating is that it reflects and dissipates heat, preventing it from escaping from inside the building and preventing it from entering the house from the outside. Actually, in this way, an energy-saving effect is achieved. The house saves on heat and electricity used for its own heating and cooling.
The composition of the heat-insulating material includes calibrated ceramic and silicone microspheres with rarefied air. During the polymerization of the material, they create the necessary "vacuum". Thermal conductivity coefficient of microspheres - no more than 0.00083 W/mK. The basis of liquid thermal insulation is an acrylic binder, plus catalysts, fixatives and additives.
The paintwork material has excellent adhesion to almost any type of surface (concrete, metal, plastic, wood) of various architectural forms. The elasticity of the coating allows the use of thermal protection technology in new construction, as well as on surfaces subject to thermal expansion. No "spider" cracks on the walls of the house with subsidence of the building structure are formed.
In addition, this method of building insulation reduces the load on the foundation. It is maintainable, while its repair is less time-consuming and costly than when using traditional heaters. In addition, when insulating structures with liquid thermal insulation with inside no usable floor space is wasted. Its service life is at least 15 years.
Finally, this line of paints and varnishes can be tinted, which means it can be used as a "thermal insulation" and finishing simultaneously. Applications: insulation of building facades, roofs, elimination of freezing of walls, insulation of concrete floors, pipelines, steam pipelines, various containers, cisterns, removal of condensate, etc.
Impossible is possible
Italian builders tried to make porcelain stoneware flexible, light, impact-resistant and versatile in use. They developed new material- thin and flexible large-format ceramic slabs that can be used for interior and facade solutions. Externally, such plates practically do not differ from ordinary porcelain stoneware. They have all its properties - fire resistance, moisture resistance, frost resistance, durability. However, having a thickness of only 3 mm, they also have extraordinary impact resistance - it is quite difficult to break them with a hammer even if desired. Compared to porcelain stoneware, large-format slabs are lightweight and can be bent. The material is cut with a conventional glass cutter.
In the production of plates, a mixture of clay, feldspar, quartz sand and mineral dyes is pressed, but not in a form, but by rolling. The sheet obtained in this way is fired in a special furnace at a temperature of over 1220°C, which ensures the homogeneity of the ceramic mass and the finished product.
Plates made using the new technology are distinguished by an exceptionally high degree of flatness and the absence of internal stress in the material. The new material almost does not wear out, does not scratch, is not afraid of ultraviolet radiation and does not change its color. He is not harmed by constant cleanings. Plates are environmentally friendly and hygienic, because they do not emit harmful substances. Scope: without restrictions for exterior and interior decoration of the house.
"No" to laborious installation
Manufacturers of new waterproofing materials today rely on the ease of use of products with high performance. It was this idea that formed the basis for the development of rolled self-adhesive waterproofing material. It is produced on the basis of reinforcing fiberglass impregnated with a bitumen-polymer composition with targeted additives that improve performance properties. This structure has many advantages. Thanks to this basis, the material is quite flexible, which greatly facilitates the installation of waterproofing. The upper bitumen-polymer layer protects the waterproofing from any kind of damage. With the help of the bottom - the waterproofing fabric is glued to any base.
A distinctive feature of the material is the ease of installation. So, in order to glue it, you do not need to heat and drown the lower bitumen-polymer layer. It is enough to remove the separating anti-adhesion paper or film from the material, attach it to the surface, press it and roll it with a roller. Thus, the process of installing waterproofing glass fabric is similar to gluing a decorative sticker to the surface.
Scope: steel, wooden, concrete horizontal or vertical surfaces, metal, soft roofing, swimming pools, foundations, pipelines, etc. Temperature range - from -50 to +60 C.
constructive conversation
The range of structural materials (gypsum board, glass-magnesium sheet, etc.) was replenished with a new product made of extruded polystyrene foam. With it, you can build any structure, including walls, partitions, floors, ceilings. The fundamental difference between extruded polystyrene foam boards and other structural materials is that the new product has high heat and sound insulation properties.
The new construction material is easy to work with. Plates made of expanded polystyrene do not crumble, do not get wet, fungus and mold do not form on them, and the construction of them does not deform from dampness. With the help of cuts on the slab, and making them much easier than on drywall, you can build any bent structure. Also, extruded polystyrene foam can be used at objects for various purposes and with different levels of humidity.
For rooms with high humidity and facade work, manufacturers have developed a special option - slabs of extruded polystyrene foam with a reinforcing fiberglass mesh and polymer-cement composition, which have minimal water absorption.
The emergence of new materials no longer surprises anyone, production technologies are constantly being improved. How to navigate among all these innovations and not miss something really profitable? This requires brief, clear information that enables anyone not to make a mistake with the choice.
Clinker - advanced brick
clinker brickThe advantages of clinker, when compared with ordinary brick, are as follows:
- low cost;
— wide choose shapes and colors;
— absence of chemical impurities;
- frost resistance.
It should be noted that by choosing clinker instead of facing decorative stone for facade decoration, you can significantly reduce costs. Clinker is resistant to various natural phenomena (not only frost), under the influence of which a simple brick is destroyed.
Teplosten - three in one
heat wall Teplosten - a novelty in brick products, consisting of 3 layers: a carrier block, an insulating layer, a decorative facade layer. The main load falls on the layer of the carrier block. The warming layer - mineral wool or polystyrene - is obliged by the thermal wall to have an improved thermal conductivity index, which exceeds the "brick" one by 6 times. Tile glue is used to mount the heatwall blocks, which eliminates the appearance of such a problem as efflorescence.
Block configurations and design options are very different, heat-walled blocks are also made to order. Teplosten - the best way in terms of thermal conductivity, it is guaranteed to be cool indoors in summer and warm in winter. Cost-effectiveness, speed and ease of installation work, as well as various options design favorably distinguish heat walls among the variety of building materials.
Penoplex - a unique insulation
insulation Not so long ago, the Russian construction market was replenished with a new generation of insulation, penoplex. This is expanded polystyrene, made in the form of plates. The coefficient of thermal conductivity of the material is one of the lowest among building insulation. Penoplex is also characterized by such qualities as:
- environmental friendliness;
— mechanical strength;
— good sound insulation;
- moisture resistance;
- frost resistance.
Due to their high strength and extremely low water absorption, the boards can be used to insulate parts of a building such as a foundation or basement. For convenience and reliability of installation, grooves are made in the plates. Special adhesives can be used to fix boards. Everything is done easily and simply, and the absence of harmful chemicals eliminates the need to use personal protective equipment.
Linokrom - bituminous perfection
Linocrom is a rolled roof covering having polyester or fiberglass as a base with a bituminous binder applied to this layer. It is ideal for roofing, whether it is a flat roof or a pitched one. Durability, water resistance, resistance to temperature extremes are the main qualities that characterize linokr. The special crumb can be used as a topping, which improves the durability of the material. One of the applications of linocrom is the waterproofing of foundations and plinths.
All-penetrating liquid rubber
The main advantage of using liquid rubber is its application method - spraying. It allows you to use this material on roofs of arbitrary shape, where there may be various ledges, peaks, pipes. The surface material can be concrete or wood, as long as the surface is clean. It is not necessary to remove the old coating, but contaminants such as grease and dust should not be present. To obtain sufficient adhesion of the material to the surface, the latter must be completely dry. It takes two days for the rubber layer to dry, during which time it must be protected from moisture.
Liquid wood does not rot
A new material for the construction market, made from a mixture of natural wood fibers with polymer resins, is called liquid wood. The cost of such a practical and reliable building material is lower than the cost of natural wood. The liquid tree is very much appreciated by designers and planners, as it allows you to embody a variety of ideas. Rotting (unlike natural) liquid wood can be used in pools or ponds, it is not afraid of the vagaries of nature, it will not become a refuge for any insects. Boards made of such material have good strength - they do not deform or break under the influence of a large weight. Installation work does not require special skills, it is carried out easily and quickly.
Cork floor - soft, but not cheap
The floor, created from the bark of a cork tree, has amazing elasticity. Air pores, occupying about 50% of the volume of the material, give it the ability to restore shape. But this is true for small loads - heels, table or chair legs. Too much big weight will crush the cork floor so that it will not return to its previous state. Due to the porous structure, the material has very good sound insulation; in the presence of noisy neighbors from below, it will be simply irreplaceable.
The fine-grained structure of the material will give any floor a personality. Colors can be very different, but this is usually done to order. Installation is carried out using special glue. You can varnish the cork floor, but due to the porous structure, you will have to do several layers - a lot of varnish will be absorbed. Of the shortcomings of the material, the following can be noted:
- fear of moisture;
- high price.
Rubber tiles - material for eternal roofing
The European company Euroshield has found an original solution for the use of old tires that disappear in landfills and trash. A technique has been invented for their processing into rubber tiles. The resulting product, having the properties of rubber (stretching, compressing), has unique qualities. Durable, surpasses all other roofing materials in this indicator. Withstands hail, heat, cold, temperature fluctuations.
Mounting is possible both with screws and nails, and with glue. Has an original look. Fifty years is the official service life, but the real one, of course, is longer. In addition, used tiles can simply be recycled into new ones.
Through the use of modern technology, the quality of life can be greatly improved. Having understood the innovations, you can make your choice with confidence. There is the right fit for every situation, whether it is the greatest cost savings or the highest quality.
Each owner strives to build a comfortable, cozy and functional home in the shortest possible time. It is best to familiarize yourself with modern technologies, innovative solutions, the use of which will allow you to build your dream home before starting design and construction. In this article, we will consider the latest materials and technologies used in private construction.
Modern materials - a new word in the construction of buildings
Every year, new building materials appear on the market, which make it possible to build houses cheaper, faster, more reliable and safer for humans. It should be borne in mind that new technologies in construction and high-tech materials are different concepts. For the construction of houses today, blocks of foam and aerated concrete, sandwich panels, SIP panels, OSB-plates, logs and other industrial innovations are increasingly used, however, they do not involve the use of new technological methods in the construction of objects, but have unique features in installation.
Block products are larger than piece ceramic bricks, they are characterized by high energy consumption, light weight and different densities. These features can significantly reduce the construction time of buildings while maintaining high performance strength, practicality and comfort of the new facility. Another advantage of such materials is the lower cost than brick, and hence the lower cost of construction in general.
Rounded log is a natural material made of wood, which has a high heat capacity and an attractive cost compared to classic glued beams. That is, the customer simply saves on material, reduces the budget for the construction of the facility, but the technology remains classic.
For private construction, modern panels are also perfect, which are completely ready for construction work, can have heat-insulating layers, protection from wind and moisture. Such materials can only be installed correctly so that you can enjoy comfortable life in your cottage. The high popularity of panels, like other modern materials, is due to their low cost.
TISE technology - principles and major advantages
However, in addition to materials, the modern world provides an opportunity to use innovative technologies in construction. One of these technologies is TISE or floating formwork. Today it is very popular, as it allows you to build structures without the use of a large number of special technical means and manage with one pair of hands.
This method involves the installation of pile elements or a device column foundation supplemented with grillage. The only thing needed for the construction of a new structure is a drill for TISE. Wall block panels are placed on the installed light foundation. The panels are created directly on the construction site from high quality concrete. A mobile formwork acts as a form, which is used to fill all the modules in turn.
The main advantages of TISE technology include:
- solidity of the structure and the absence of cold bridges;
- the ability to perform construction work without the costly services of professional teams;
- high variability of the composition of the blocks.
To increase the strength, reliability and attractiveness of the new structure, the finished concrete blocks are faced with brick, which gives the object increased stability, resistance to external influences and strength.
The construction of a frame object is an affordable solution for everyone
A frame house is a structurally simple structure, characterized by simple and cheap construction. Due to the light foundation, the variety of options for arranging the frame, the ability to build one- and two-story objects, such buildings are very popular.
The frame house consists of block elements that can be placed vertically, horizontally and diagonally. Individual elements can be interconnected different ways. Depending on personal financial capabilities and preferences, you can use different materials to build the frame, from wood to metal.
The metal frame for residential buildings is more durable, but requires the use of special drilling and welding equipment for construction, which complicates the construction procedure and sometimes makes it impossible to build an object without the professional help of qualified craftsmen. In terms of resistance to external influences, lumber is not inferior to metals, is easy to assemble and provides a new building with geometric stability.
Walls in frame structures can be filled with different materials, but most often with SIP panels and OSB boards. OSB boards are Wall panels, filled with any available heat-insulating materials - mineral wool, polyurethane foam, foam concrete and others. Prefabricated SIP panels are equipped with thermal insulation by default, and also have wind and water protection.
When planning your home, you must take into account all the characteristics and features of the materials used. If you want to build a building from SIP panels, remember that they are quite heavy. To build an object with your own hands, you will have to use lightweight building elements, otherwise you will need the help of professionals with special lifts.
SIP panels are much lighter than most other materials used in construction. Despite this, they allow the construction of very warm, durable and practical buildings. Modern SIP panels are not afraid of snowfalls, hurricane winds and other extremely adverse weather conditions.
To the main advantages frame technology can be attributed:
- low weight of the entire structure, which allows construction on any soil without complex and costly earthworks;
- minimization of costs for the construction of the facility;
- the admissibility of a simple redevelopment of the building during its operation;
- the possibility of completing the object;
- variability of internal and outer skin object.
Easy to veneer. If necessary, you will be able to repair the exterior of the object at least every season with a small financial cost.
Technique of construction from 3D panels
3D panels are a prime example of innovation in construction. This technology has appeared relatively recently, and therefore it has not yet become well known to owners and developers. At its core, the technology of building from 3D panels is a modified, even more modern frame construction of buildings.
3D panels are made of expanded polystyrene reinforced with mesh reinforcement on both sides. The panels are connected to each other by reinforcing rods that pass through the entire structure, which provides the building with dimensional stability, high strength, and resistance to any external influences. At the same time, the design is lightweight and you can assemble it yourself.
A house made of 3D panels does not have a rigid frame; it is a panel building connected with a reinforcing clip. When all wall panels are formed from the panels, the structure is poured with a concrete jacket, which further improves the performance of the building. The advantages of houses from 3D panels include:
- panels are made of energy-efficient polymers, so the object will lose a minimum amount of heat during operation;
- prostate and high assembly speed;
- panels are created in industrial conditions, which ensures the excellent quality of each individual element of the object and the entire building as a whole;
- panels even after concrete pouring weigh very little, because the building does not need a heavy foundation.
3D panels are in the same price category as gas and foam blocks more familiar to the user. However, 3D panels are superior to their counterparts due to ease of assembly, reliability and stability characteristics.
A simple and reliable method of fixed formwork - we understand the advantages
Fixed formwork is one of the most popular technologies for the construction of private houses. The formwork is formed from panel and block structures, which are placed around the perimeter of the future building and form a pier from them. Reinforcement is installed in this pier and concrete mortar is poured, thanks to which the new building is highly rigid and stable.
Due to the low weight of these building structures the foundation of the object can remain lightweight, both in the construction of one-story buildings and in the construction of two-story houses. The formwork can be filled with various materials, due to which the technical characteristics of the object, as well as the cost of the materials necessary for this, will depend on the owner’s decision.
The main advantage of the fixed formwork technique is that the owner of the land plot can do all the necessary construction and installation work with his own hands. It is good if friends or relatives help him, but if there are none, you can still not turn to professionals for help.
Despite the admissibility of using various materials to fill the formwork, experts recommend using only those materials that will provide a new building good performance thermal insulation. In this case, you will not need to worry about additional insulation.
Individual features and benefits of Velox technology
Velox is another innovation in the construction market. The principle of this technology is based on the use of fixed formwork, and the formwork is not made of polystyrene foam blocks, but of cement-bonded or chip-cement boards. The installed outer slab necessarily has a special polystyrene foam insulation and seal, which allows the structures of the structure to successfully withstand external influences.
On the market, fixed formwork is presented in different options thickness. Separate elements of the future structure using Velox technology are connected with a cement mortar, to which liquid glass is added, which provides moisture-repellent characteristics to the structural elements. The most important advantages of Velox technology include:
- low weight of the structure;
- small thickness of wall panels;
- simple and easy installation;
- high strength of the finished structure;
- good thermal insulation characteristics, due to which the building does not need to be additionally insulated.
Using these and other modern technological solutions in private construction, it must be remembered that all methods are aimed at simplifying construction and installation work and they are intended only for the construction of one-story structures, in rare cases, two-story ones. In addition, when planning, it is imperative to calculate in detail the load on all elements of the object and choose the right material to fill the building. The materials determine what technical specifications the new house will possess, therefore it is not worth saving on them.
Modern innovative construction technologies that amaze the imagination with their originality and fantasticness are used as the achievements of the latest scientific research, and invaluable experience ancestors.
Let's start with the most common building material - wood. It would seem that there is still something new to come up with? But even here modern innovative technologies come to the rescue.
1. Construction technology of domed houses without nails, Vladivostok, Russia
Scientists from the Far Eastern Federal University are creating modern wooden domed houses. At the same time, as in the good old days of Russian architects, without a single nail. Their uniqueness lies in the use of new designs of locks between the individual parts of a wooden spherical frame.
Dome house from wooden parts created in record time. Literally in a matter of hours, the frame of an unusual house grows. Today, they want to test this technology in several cities of Russia. Between themselves, the links are joined with the help of a special lock, which perceives all loads - vertical, lateral, and so on. Details are made with such precision that a kind of Lego constructor is obtained. Any person, having such a kit with a small assembly instruction, can mount this structure on their own.
At one of the recreation centers in Primorsky Krai, the Snezhok domed express cafe, built by scientists, is already operating, which is very popular, attracting visitors with an unusual shape. The second domed house is much larger - it is a two-story twelve-meter structure with an area of 195 m².
2. Multi-storey buildings made of wood, London, UK
We are all somehow used to the fact that wood is used to build low-rise houses, one or two floors. But developers from the USA consider it possible to use wood for the construction of buildings up to 30 floors high.
The first of the modern residential buildings, built of wood using modern technologies of wooden housing construction (from five-layer wooden adhesive panels), has 9 floors and 30 meters in height. This house stands in London, it has 29 residential apartments and offices on the ground floor.
It is amazing that the entire above-ground part of this house was built in 28 working days by just five people, armed with only one mobile crane and electric screwdrivers.
3. Construction technology wooden houses Austria, Austria
The technology consists of profiled small-sized tree trunks, called “balance” by experts, which are stretched on a four-sided machine. The fact that it is the thinner that is used clearly demonstrates the fact that in every element without exception there is necessarily a core of a tree.
Then from such "puzzles" you can assemble any part of the building. Drying, the individual elements are deformed and wedged "tightly ”, creating a very strong and lightweight construction.The purpose of the invention of such a technology is the use of low-quality raw materials, which in Russia, for example, are used only for cellulose or, in general, simply as waste.
4. Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
Chinese architects have invented a way to build cheap houses. Their secret is in a huge 3D printer that literally prints real estate. And there would be nothing unusual in this - the technologies for "printing" buildings are already known. But the point is that Chinese houses will be made ... from construction debris.
Thus, the specialists of the architectural company Winsun intend to solve two problems at once. In addition to creating inexpensive houses the project will give a second life to construction debris and waste industrial production This is what houses are made of.
The giant printer has really impressive dimensions - 150 x 10 x 6 meters. The device is quite powerful and can print up to 10 houses per day. The cost of each of them is no more than 5 thousand dollars.
A huge machine erects the outer structure, and the inner partitions are assembled later by hand. With the help of 3D printing technology in China, they hope to solve the pressing problem of affordable housing. In the near future, several hundred factories will appear in the country, where construction waste will be used to produce expendable materials for the giant printer.
5. A house is printed from bioplastic, Amsterdam, Holland
Dus Architects has developed a project to print a residential building on a bioplastic 3D printer. Construction is carried out using an industrial 3D printer KarmaMaker, which "prints" plastic walls. The design of the building is very unusual - walls are attached to the three-meter end of the house as in the Lego constructor. If redevelopment of the building is required, then it can be easily changed by replacing one part with another.
For construction, a bioplastic developed by Henkel is used - a mixture of vegetable oil and microfiber, and the foundation of the house will be made of lightweight concrete. When completed, the building will consist of thirteen separate rooms. This technology can change the entire construction industry. Old residential buildings and offices can simply be melted down and made into something new.
The idea of a similar material was found in ordinary shells. The fact is that the shells are enriched with the necessary complex of minerals that give them elasticity. It is these minerals that are added to the composition of concrete. The new type of concrete is incredibly elastic, more resistant to cracks, and even 40-50 percent lighter. Such concrete will not break even with very strong bends. Even earthquakes are not afraid of him. An extensive network of cracks after such tests will not affect its strength. After the load is removed, the concrete will begin the recovery process.
How does this happen? The secret is very simple. Normal rainwater reacts with concrete and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to form calcium carbonate in concrete. This substance also fastens the cracks that have appeared, “heals” the concrete. After removing the load, the restored section of the slab will have the same strength as before. Such concrete is going to be used in the construction of critical structures, such as bridges.
7. Carbon Dioxide Concrete, Canada
The Canadian company CarbonCure Technologies has developed an innovative technology for the production of concrete by binding carbon dioxide. This technology will reduce harmful emissions and could revolutionize the construction industry.
Concrete blocks are produced using carbon dioxide emitted by large industries such as oil refineries and fertilizer plants.
The new technology achieves a triple effect: concrete will be cheaper, stronger and more environmentally friendly. One hundred thousand of these concrete blocks can absorb as much carbon dioxide as one hundred mature trees absorb in a year.
Straw houses using modern technologies are being built all over the world. Reliable, warm, comfortable, they perfectly passed the test of our climate. However, so far modern technology building from pressed straw (in the West it is called strawbale-house) is known to a few in our country. It is based on the best properties of this unique natural material. When pressed, it becomes an excellent building material. Pressed straw is considered the best insulation. Straw stems of plants are tubular, hollow. They and between them contain air, which, as you know, has a low thermal conductivity. Due to its porosity, straw has good soundproofing properties.
It seems that the phrase "fire-resistant straw house" sounds paradoxical. But a plastered straw wall is not afraid of fire. Blocks covered with plaster withstand 2 hours exposure to an open flame. The straw block, open only on one side, does not support combustion. Bale density of 200–300 kg/cu. m also prevents combustion.
Straw houses are built in America, Europe, China. In the US, there is even a project for the construction of a straw skyscraper with 40 floors. The tallest straw houses today are five-story buildings that are combined with a reinforced concrete and metal frame.
Indeed, everything new is a well-forgotten old. Earthbite houses are gaining popularity again. This material is still used today for the construction of supporting structures and walls.
At the heart of the zembite is ordinary earthen soil. The earth bit has been tested by time, it was built from it back in Ancient Rome. The earthen soil mass has high moisture resistance and practically does not shrink. And the thermal characteristics of the earth bit can be enhanced by adding, for example, straw cuttings. After a few years, earth bit becomes almost as strong as concrete.
The most famous building built of zembit can be considered the Priory Palace located in Gatchina.
10. Chameleon brick, Russia
Since 2003, the Kopeysky brick factory has been producing bricks, nicknamed "velours" for the ability to literally absorb light with its surface, as a result of which it becomes saturated, resembling velvet.
The effect is achieved with the help of vertical grooves applied to the surface of the brick with metal brushes. At the same time, it becomes possible to deepen the main color when the angle of incidence of light changes, which likens a brick to a chameleon - at different times of the day it is able to change color depending on the lighting.
The texture of velor brick works great in tandem with smooth brick in ornamental or figured masonry.
eleven. "Flying houses, Japan
Japan never ceases to amaze with its developments. The idea is simple - so that the house does not collapse as a result of an earthquake, it simply ... should not be on the ground. So they came up with flying houses, and all this is quite real.
Undoubtedly, the word "flying" is a beautiful allegory, suggesting childhood dreams of flying in a balloon house. But Japanese construction company Air Danshin Systems Inc has developed a system that allows buildings to rise above the ground and "float" above it during an earthquake.
The house is located on an air cushion and after the sensors are triggered, it will simply hover above the ground, and during such a change, the residents of the building will not feel anything. The foundation is not attached to the structure itself. After soaring, the house sits on a frame located on top of the foundation. During an earthquake, seismic sensors are activated, which are located around the perimeter of the building. After that, they will immediately start the pressure compressor located at the base of the house. It will ensure the "levitation" of the building at a height of 3-4 cm from the ground. Thus, the house will not be in contact with the ground and will avoid the consequences of tremors. The novelty has already been installed in almost 90 houses in Japan.
"Flying houses" have been developed by many Japanese firms, in the near future know-how will appear in other regions of Asia, which often suffer from earthquakes.
12. Container house, France
Used containers have long been used for the construction of budget housing in different cities and countries. Here is one example.
During the construction of the house, eight old shipping containers were used, which created an unusual architectural form of the building. In addition to containers, wood, polycarbonate and glass were also used. total area houses - 208 square meters.
The cost of building such “container-type” economy houses is usually half that of building a similar house from ordinary building materials. In addition, it is built twice as fast.
13. Exhibition complex from sea containers, Seoul, South Korea
If you have not surprised anyone with residential buildings made of containers for a long time, then a completely unusual building has appeared in the center of the business and shopping district of Seoul. It was built from 28 old shipping containers.
The area is 415 sq. The complex will host exhibitions, nightly film screenings, concerts, master classes, lectures and other public events.
14. Student dormitories from containers, Holland
Each separate container room has all the amenities. In addition, the roof is equipped with an efficient drainage system that collects rain water subsequently used for household needs.
In Finland and other Nordic countries, ice hotels are being built with might and main. At the same time, a room in an ice hotel is more expensive than in a hotel made of other, more traditional building materials. The first ice hotel opened in Sweden over 60 years ago.
16. Mobile eco-home, Portugal
A variety of technologies are used in the construction of such mobile structures. The peculiarity of this house is its complete energy independence. Solar panels are fixed on the surface of the object to produce energy that fully provides the unique house with the necessary amount. By the way, the house is not only environmentally friendly, but also completely mobile.
The eco-house is divided into two sections - in one sleeping space, and in the other - a toilet. The outside of the house is covered with environmentally friendly cork.
17. Energy efficient capsule room, Switzerland
The project was developed by architects from the NAU company (Switzerland), who sought to make the most comfortable and compact housing. Called the Living Roof, the capsule room can be placed on almost any surface.
The capsule room is equipped with solar panels, wind turbines and a rainwater collection, storage and recycling system.
18. Vertical forest in the city, Milan, Italy
The innovative project of Bosco Verticale is the construction in Milan of two multi-storey buildings with live plants on the facade. Height two high-rise buildings is 80 and 112 meters. In total, 480 large and medium-sized trees, 250 small trees, 5,000 various shrubs and 11,000 grass cover plants were planted on them. This number of plants corresponds to an area of 10,000 m? ordinary forest.
Thanks to almost two years of research work by botanists, the species of trees that are most adapted to such difficult conditions of life at altitude have been successfully selected. Various plants were specially grown and acclimatized for this construction. Each apartment in the house has its own balcony with trees and shrubs.
19. Cactus House, Holland
A luxury 19-storey residential building is under construction in Rotterdam. It received such an original name due to its resemblance to this thorny plant. It has 98 apartments with superior comfort. Construction is carried out according to the project of the architectural company UCX Architects.
The peculiarity of this house is the use of open terraces-balconies for hanging gardens, located one above the other in a stepped order, screwing up in a spiral. This arrangement of terraces allows the sun to illuminate the plants from all sides. The depth of each terrace is at least two meters. Not only that, small pools will also be built into these balconies.
We are used to the fact that we are usually talking about energy efficient houses. And in preparation for the Expo-2020 exhibition in the United Arab Emirates, an entire energy-efficient city will be built. It will be a "smart city", fully self-sufficient in energy and other resources. The project is planned to be implemented near the settlement of Al Avir in Dubai.
It will be the first of its kind to be completely self-sufficient in terms of providing residents with all the necessary resources, transport and energy. To do this, the energy-efficient city will be equipped to the maximum with solar panels, which will be placed on the roofs of almost all residential and commercial buildings. In addition, the city will independently process 40,000 cubic meters Wastewater. The area of this supercomplex will be 14,000 hectares, and the residential area itself will be built in the shape of a desert flower. Surrounded by a belt of green spaces, the "smart city" will be able to accommodate 160,000 residents.
"Construction Rules", No. 43 /1, May 2014
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In this age of rapid growth and technological improvement, it is very difficult to keep up with the various innovations that appear in various fields, whether it is the food industry, nuclear technology or bioengineering. Progress has not bypassed building technologies, and every day more and more new materials, more and more convenient and perfect construction methods are born. This material will highlight some of the latest know-how in the field of construction and interior decoration, present photographs of new products and give their main characteristics and advantages over their predecessors.
Clinker
To begin with, we will introduce such material as clinker to get acquainted with the new products. Clinker is a brick, but a brick with a number of advantages that conventional brick lacks. Its main advantage over others facing materials is the price. Compared to, say, facing decorative stone, clinker is much cheaper and allows you to save a significant amount of money spent on finishing the facade. The next advantage of clinker is the variety of shapes and colors. Clinker brick does not contain chemical impurities in its composition, and consists only of water and clay with the addition of dyes. This is another advantage of such a facing material, it is natural and environmentally friendly. Well, the last thing I would like to note about clinker bricks is its frost resistance and resistance to various natural phenomena that have a devastating effect on ordinary bricks.
Teplosten
Another innovation in the field of bricks is a block called "heat wall". It was invented in 1999. The heat wall is presented in the form of a block, which consists of three layers. The first layer is a load-bearing block that carries the main load, the second is a layer of insulation, usually polystyrene, less often mineral wool, and the last is a decorative facade layer. In terms of thermal conductivity, such a block is 6 times superior to ordinary brick.
The heat wall is mounted using tile adhesive, which is applied in a thin layer, which eliminates the appearance of efflorescence on the wall surface. This material has a large variety of configurations and design options. It is also possible to manufacture blocks to order. In terms of thermal conductivity, these blocks have no equal; they can retain both heat in winter and coolness in winter. summer time. Teplosten can be rightfully called the material of the future, thanks to its cost-effectiveness, speed and ease of installation and a wide variety of facade design options.
Penoplex
The next novelty that I would like to talk about is penoplex. Penoplex appeared on the Russian construction market quite recently. This is a new generation heater. It is a slab of extruded polystyrene foam with a very low thermal conductivity, resistant to various loads, moisture resistant, frost-resistant, with high level soundproof and non-flammable. Penoplex has a very wide range of applications in insulation and sound insulation. As a heater, it can be used almost everywhere, from pools to paving. Plates have grooves for more reliable and convenient attachment to each other. It is permissible to fix them both mechanically and with the help of special adhesive compositions.
linocrom
Next on the list is linocrom roofing material. Linokrom is, perhaps, the most perfect rolled roofing today. It is a layer of polyester or fiberglass, which is coated with a special bituminous binder coating.
It has high performance, is resistant to temperature extremes, water and is durable.Linocrom can be produced with or without special crumbs. This material is used not only for flat roofs, but also on pitched, as well as waterproofing foundations and plinths.
Liquid rubber
In continuation of the roofing theme, one cannot fail to note one more new material for roof waterproofing - liquid rubber. When using liquid rubber, the risk of water leakage through the roof is completely eliminated, because. The coating is applied by spraying in a continuous uniform layer. A distinctive feature when using liquid rubber is the possibility of its use on roofs with any configuration, as well as from any materials - concrete or wood.
The use of liquid rubber does not require the removal of the old coating. The only requirement is a thorough preparation of the surface for further application of a layer of liquid rubber. It is necessary to clean the surface from grease and dust, and the surface must be absolutely dry, if this is missed, then there is a high risk that sufficient adhesion of the rubber to the roof surface will not be achieved. As a result, all the efforts made by you will turn out to be a waste of your time and effort. In addition, moisture must not be allowed to enter the applied rubber layer for two days, this is how long such a coating will dry.
liquid tree
In continuation of the "liquid" topic, we should mention another product that has appeared on the modern construction market quite recently - a liquid tree. Liquid wood is a very practical and reliable building material. It is made in the form of a board of polymer resins mixed with natural wood fibers. The advantages of such boards are obvious. First of all, the price. The price of this material is lower than the price of natural wood, despite the laborious and complex production process. Liquid wood is a real find for designers and planners who want to embody the reliability of plastic and the beauty of natural wood in their ideas. The reliability of this material allows it to be used in places where natural wood it will not last very long, for example, near water bodies, such as pools or ponds, since liquid wood is not subject to decay, insects do not start in it and it is resistant to the vagaries of nature. A board made of liquid wood is able to withstand a fairly large weight, while not deforming or breaking, it will not crack during installation, so installation is easy and fast even if you do not have the skills to work with this material.
cork floor
Another equally interesting wooden novelty is cork flooring. It is made from the bark of a cork tree, which grows mainly in countries such as Tunisia, Spain and Portugal. A cork floor has amazing elasticity, which is achieved due to air pores that occupy half the volume of the cork itself. Such a floor is resistant to mechanical loads, such as heels or the legs of tables and chairs, and restores its original shape after the load is removed. But do not get carried away with the loads, it will be better if the legs of the furniture are based on special stands, because. excess weight will cause the cork to collapse, after which it will no longer return to its previous state. In addition to resistance to deformation, the cork floor has amazing soundproofing properties, so it is relevant if noisy neighbors live on the floor below. Thanks to its fine-grained structure, cork flooring is always unique and individual. Color options for such floors can be very different, but in color they are made for the most part to order. Cork floors are mounted on a special glue. After installation, you can optionally varnish the floor, however, due to the large number of pores, you will need at least five layers of varnish until it stops being absorbed and begins to form an even, smooth layer. It is not recommended to make cork floors in damp rooms, as they are afraid of moisture. This is one of the downsides of cork flooring. Another disadvantage is the rather high price, so not everyone can afford such a soft, warm and environmentally friendly floor.
rubber tile
Well, the latest novelty on the construction market, which will be presented in this review, will be a product that is still almost impossible to get anywhere - this is rubber tiles from obsolete car tires. This product was invented by the European company Euroshield. To come up with such an original way of recycling old tires, the inventors of this tile were forced by the fact that all landfills and trash cans are littered with useless tires. Rubber tiles have amazing strength, are able to withstand both hail and heat, are not affected by temperature changes and have an original appearance.
Recycled tire shingles are stronger than any known roofing material due to their ability to stretch and compress. Mounted rubber tiles, like ordinary flexible tile, on glue, or with the help of screws and nails. The warranty period for this novelty is set at around 50 years, but in reality it will last much longer. Even after the end of its useful life, the product can be recycled to produce new tiles, so in essence it is an eternal roof.
All the novelties presented in this material are new only now, but soon they will tightly enter our everyday life, taking the place of obsolete and less perfect materials that were used in construction before them and will finally replace the building materials we are used to. And these novelties will be replaced by others, and this will continue as long as a person lives on Earth. His inquisitive mind is constantly striving for discovery and the desire to improve his life, finding the most amazing solutions to the most unusual problems.
