Water heaters

Lost technology statues cast from granite marble. And now they cast granite

An alternative to cement has appeared on the construction market, which, from the point of view of environmental friendliness of production, is not safe for the atmosphere. About 2 billion tons of cement are produced annually in the world, and each ton releases 0.4 tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Engineers worked hard on this problem for a long time, until they invented liquid granite - a new word in the technology for the production of finishing materials. It has many advantages over other finishing materials: fire resistance, versatility, quality, safety, strength.

Definition of Liquid Granite

Liquid granite is an artificial liquid stone.

Its advantages are due to the fact that, unlike, liquid granite contains purified marble chips (80%) and polyester resin (20%). It hardens when an accelerator and a hardener are added to it. In the process of chemical reactions, all harmful substances are released, and in the finished state the product will already be environmentally friendly.

Liquid granite can be used in any premises: apartments, offices, schools, summer kitchens at the cottage and so on. The surface for spraying are: wood, stone, metal, porcelain, fiberglass, ceramics, chipboard and fibreboard. Products from liquid granite resemble products from natural stone, because it contains marble chips, and it is no longer necessary to use large pieces of stone. The color range of the material is diverse due to hundreds of color dyes that allow liquid granite to fit into any room.

Peculiarities

The color of the soil does not affect the color of the liquid stone;
Pleasant to the touch;
The material is non-toxic, odorless;
Moisture resistance is achieved by adding a hardener;
Does not lose its appearance over time, durable - the service life of products is more than 25 years;
It is easy to remove dirt from the surface;
With temperature changes, a product made of liquid stone does not lose its shape and properties.

Components for liquid stone:

Plasticine;
fiberglass;
Chemical resin;
Filler;
Hardener;
Acetone;
Calcinitis;
Gelcoat;
hot glue;
Chipboard, fiberboard.

Manufacturing methods

Casting method - ready mix poured into a special form until completely dry. Then the finished product is removed and processed.
Spraying method - liquid stone is applied to the surface with a layer of several millimeters with a spray gun.

Direct spray method

Direct spraying method - a special primer is applied to the workpiece, allowed to dry. A layer of liquid stone is applied with a sprayer. Grinding and polishing are carried out after drying.

back pollination method

Back pollination method - used if the workpiece is not part of the furniture. The workpiece is placed on the molding surface (chipboard, glass sheet, table) and encircled along the contour. A side made of chipboard or plastic is installed along the contour. A layer of anti-adhesive is applied. After it, a liquid stone is sprayed over the surface. When it partially hardens, the ground is sprayed on so that the layer of stone does not shine through. It turns out a form where polyester resin is poured. The product is removed from the mold when it has completely hardened.

See photos of wallpaper in Provence style for the kitchen.

Manufacturing technology

The room in which the production of liquid granite takes place should consist of two rooms. The first room is necessary for direct production, and the second for polishing the resulting product. The temperature in the rooms should be maintained at 20-24 degrees. There must be ventilation.

Surface preparation begins with the removal of dirt and dust from it. Before coating, the surface is washed with water and dried thoroughly. All damage, scratches, cracks must be repaired.

Manufacturing steps:

Preparation of the mixture by mixing with a drill transparent gelcoat (polymer resin) with granules in a ratio of 2:1. The hardener is added before spraying.
The resulting mixture is applied to the product. There are two ways to apply it: direct spraying and reverse spraying.
The surface of the finished product is ground and polished.

Find out the main elements of an unusual kitchen design.

Application area

Manufacturers

GRANITO-FARFALLA is a company engaged in the production of countertops and window sills from liquid granite. The quality of products is ensured by materials and equipment from well-known world manufacturers. The company is constantly striving to improve technology, improve technical performance.
GRANITE is a company that produces decorative filler GraniStone for the production of liquid stone, and ready-to-use liquid composition AquaGranit, made from polyester isophthalic resin and acrylic.
"Liquid Granite" is a company producing countertops, window sills from artificial stone, wall panels and overlays for doors under granite.

MASTERCOMPOSIT is a manufacturer of artificial stone coatings and products using GraniStone technology.
ColGran - the company produces liquid polyester stone in 150 colors.
Hi-Macs - manufacturer - LG Corporation produces a stone consisting of 70% natural materials, the basis is acrylic resin.

Read about the Fusion style in the interior of the kitchen.

Products made of liquid stone have a beautiful attractive appearance, are diverse in color solutions and by . They are perfectly combined with any finishing materials. Quality, safety and durability complete the list of advantages of this material.

Production of products from liquid granite: video

conclusions

When caring for liquid granite as well as one should responsibly approach the choice of cleaning products, otherwise it will quickly wear out and deform. Another disadvantage of using stone is the low degree of adhesion of the resin to the surface, so bubbles and flaking can occur. To prevent this, you do not need to treat the surface. The unreasonably high price of a stone is a disadvantage for buyers. Manufacturers overestimate it, referring to the production time, harmful working conditions and labor costs.

What does the production of bathroom countertops to order give?

We can make the table top round, oval, triangular shape or any other. And precisely fit it between the walls of the room, which saves space and looks very beautiful.

We can make a molded sink without joints or fix the countertop on brackets and use the space to accommodate, for example, a washing machine.

We can make a whole range of flat bathroom elements in the same style, such as bathroom countertops, sink countertops, and various shelves.

What is polymer concrete?

Polymer concrete is a new high-tech composite, a substitute for natural stone, which has gained popularity in the market for the production of products for interior design of apartments, houses, offices, shops, restaurants, cafes, public buildings. Scope of application - where it was previously used a natural stone, exclusive design expensive interiors, outdoor and interior decoration. Also, polymer concrete is an excellent alternative to traditional materials, such as cast iron, stainless steel and ceramics, from which bathtubs and sinks are usually made, but at the same time it has many undeniable advantages. Description of artificial stone technology and comparison with conventional materials, which are used in modern premises during repair, construction or decoration, see this section.

Welcome to the site the largest manufacturer products from artificial stone! The products offered by us are firmly established in modern interior, and is used everywhere. We produce kitchen countertops, kitchen sinks, Wall panels, wall ledges, window sills, tables, bathroom countertops, wash basins, bathroom sinks, bathrooms, podiums, bar counters, plinths, outdoor furniture and many other elements of an apartment, cottage, country house.

Cooperation

We are interested in the development and promotion of our products.

Original taken from sibved in Casting stone blocks

There are supporters and there are opponents of the version of casting stone blocks. Many facts cannot be explained by mechanical processing of rocks, blanks, except for the formation of a liquid or pasty mass, including solid types of stone, crystalline, like granite, basalt. Add fuel to the fire or shift the weight towards the cast technology version.
Previous articles on this topic:
EXAMPLES OF "CONCRETE" PRODUCTS WITH TRACES OF FORMWORK
SUCCAYUAMAN. RECEIVING "PLASTILINE". SCIENTIFIC ANALYSIS

Granite casting. Here are examples from Egypt:

The conjugation of the blocks along the vertical is curvilinear. This cannot be achieved by machining. And what are those strange recesses of material on the blocks? More like traces of poorly installed formwork. In principle, accuracy was not needed here.

Basalt. Influxes on the faces of the block. It looks like they've been torn down.

Row of basalt cubes with influxes

What is the point of processing basalt in such a way and leaving such a “visor”?

It seems that the plastic mass was held by flat shields with props. But their area was less than the area of the resulting block

Pairing Blocks Vertically

Horizontally and vertically curvilinear mate

Like dough escaping from a pan.

Here, something was pressed down on top

Granite cladding of the Pyramid of Menkaure

How can you mechanically fit granite blocks of this size?

The edges of the masonry are not completely flattened over the entire area

Here the granite flakes off

I believe that the outer lining (preserved) of the pyramid at Giza is block-filled

Facing of the Pyramid of Giza

Concrete granite and basalt floor in Giza

How did these stones get into the granite mass? What will the skeptics say?

Another option is that basalt blocks were laid on a plastic base mass

There are doubts that this is not a block-filled mass? Or skeptics will rest against the fact that such a lower curved surface can be ground to the unevenness of the base?

What kind of grasshoppers are building something?

Although, there are many questions about the basalt floor, and most likely it is made through the mechanical processing of blocks. More about this

But let's continue the topic:

Comparison of rocks under a microscope
***

But how to explain all this from the point of view of casting? In light of many factors that are visible in the photographs, some adhere to the opinion of granite casting. But granite is not concrete, there is no binder and filler. There is one filler (crystals of minerals), which are arranged like puzzles - fitted to each other without voids. Those. it is a polycrystalline. If we take into account that there was a technology that made it possible to knead a granite-like mortar with a filler and a binder, which also turned into a crystalline structure for a short time, then this opens up huge scope for using this technology. But how to crystallize the binder? In nature, this occurs under pressure and at high temperature.

For those who misunderstood. The binder in concrete is cement. After reaction with water, it polymerizes into a single monolith. But depending on the chemical formula in it, it has different strength and abrasion resistance. To save cement and to give concrete greater resistance to abrasion, a filler (sand, ASG, granite chips, etc.) is added to the cement.

And granite is a rock where each crystalline grain of sand is connected to another in a single puzzle. No voids. Quartz in granite has greater strength than cement and fills the rock as a binder in concrete. But quartz is a crystal, not a cement bond polymer.
Those. in order to say with confidence that there was liquid (or plastic) granite, it is necessary to solve the issue of crystallization, petrification. Or softening granite. And it's not at all clear.

But traces, applicants for casting technology can be viewed further:

Now columns can only be made from segments. Plant PetroMramor

Turkey. Peace. Columns. At the base of the granite columns there is a hole with rust from a metal part.

Baalbek. Inside - concrete (crushed stone on the mortar)

Cyprus. Inside the stones in the solution

Joint between sandstone blocks. How could they make grains of sand?

Kazan Cathedral. Venetian plaster under granite

A separate topic is poking in blocks, and even more so in granite and other rocks:

After what I saw in the photographs, I no longer have any doubts that many granite massifs in ancient buildings (in particular, throughout Egypt) are casting or molding of masses (mixed or softened). Yes, fantastic. But I see no other logic in this.
***

Thanks to readers who in the comments showed a well-forgotten technology that they tried to introduce on an industrial scale in the USSR:

Silicalcite is made from 90% sand of almost any natural quality and 10% lime. The main method of cardinally increasing the physical and mechanical properties of autoclave-hardened silicalite products is undoubtedly the fine grinding of lime and sand by the method of free high-loaded impact using a special grinder - disintegrator:

HORS series disintegrator

Disintegrator basket with chopping fingers.

Using this technology, in the early 1950s, a pilot plant began operating in the city of Tallinn, producing over 35,000 cubic meters. the most diverse range of products, ranging from cellular wall blocks, load-bearing floor panels to tiles and sewer pipes. As a result, from lime and simple sand, this factory began to produce products with the M3000 brand in mass production, and up to M5000 in pilot production. (And this is half a century ago! Today, M600 grade concrete is considered almost the pinnacle of applied concrete science).

Silicalcite in all construction and technical indicators is of better quality than concrete. In silicalite, sand and lime particles are combined in much the same way as soda and sand particles in glass. It is impossible to separate them from one another by conventional research methods. In concrete, grains of sand and gravel practically do not take part in the formation of the internal structure of an artificial stone, they are simply glued together with cement.

Does this texture of granite remind you? There, too, particles of feldspar with quartz particles are firmly bonded like a polycrystal.

Details about silicalcite can be read

There were such thoughts as they made masses of artificial stone, and even granite:

They took a mixture of sand and lime crushed into powder (nanopowder) and rammed it with granite chips or the same sand. Next - heated in ovens. There is an opinion on silicalcite that it is not even necessary to heat it, it will gain the necessary strength over the years, extracting carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and becoming more and more stone. Maybe it was this technology that was used to build buildings in Egypt, St. Petersburg?

Granite casting. Here are examples from Egypt:

The conjugation of blocks along the vertical is curvilinear. This cannot be achieved by machining. And what are those strange recesses of material on the blocks? More like traces of poorly installed formwork. In principle, accuracy was not needed here.

Basalt. Influxes on the faces of the block. It looks like they've been torn down.

Row of basalt cubes with influxes

What is the point of processing basalt in such a way and leaving such a “visor”?

It seems that the plastic mass was held by flat shields with props. But their area was less than the area of the resulting block

Pairing Blocks Vertically

Horizontally and vertically curvilinear mate

Like dough escaping from a pan.

Here, something was pressed down on top

Granite cladding of the Pyramid of Menkaure

How can you mechanically fit granite blocks of this size?

The edges of the masonry are not completely flattened over the entire area

Here the granite flakes off

I believe that the outer cladding (preserved) of the Giza pyramid is block-filled

Facing of the Pyramid of Giza

Concrete granite and basalt floor in Giza

How did these stones get into the granite mass? What will the skeptics say?

Another option is that basalt blocks were laid on a plastic base mass

There are doubts that this is not a block-filled mass? Or skeptics will rest against the fact that such a lower curved surface can be ground to the unevenness of the base?

What kind of grasshoppers are building something?

Although, there are many questions about the basalt floor, and most likely it is made through the mechanical processing of blocks. More about this

But let's continue the topic:

Comparison of rocks under a microscope
***

But how to explain all this from the point of view of casting? In the light of many factors that are visible in the photographs, some adhere to the opinion of granite casting. But granite is not concrete, there is no binder and filler. There is one filler (crystals of minerals), which are arranged like puzzles - fitted to each other without voids. Those. it is a polycrystalline. If we take into account that there was a technology that made it possible to knead a granite-like mortar with a filler and a binder, which also turned into a crystalline structure for a short time, then this opens up huge scope for using this technology. But how to crystallize the binder? In nature, this occurs under pressure and at high temperature.

For those who misunderstood. The binder in concrete is cement. After reaction with water, it polymerizes into a single monolith. But depending on the chemical formula in it, it has different strength and abrasion resistance. To save cement and to make concrete more resistant to abrasion, a filler (sand, ASG, granite chips, etc.) is added to the cement.

But traces, applicants for casting technology can be viewed further:

Now columns can only be made from segments. Plant PetroMramor

Turkey. Peace. Columns. At the base of the granite columns there is a hole with rust from a metal part.

Baalbek. Inside - concrete (crushed stone on the solution)

Cyprus. Inside the stones in the solution

Joint between sandstone blocks. How could they make grains of sand?

Kazan Cathedral. Venetian stucco under granite

A separate topic is poking in blocks, and even more so in granite and other rocks:

After what I saw in the photographs, I no longer have any doubts that many granite massifs in ancient buildings (in particular, throughout Egypt) are casting or molding masses (mixed or softened). Yes, fantastic. But I see no other logic in this.
***

Thanks to readers who in the comments showed a well-forgotten technology that they tried to introduce on an industrial scale in the USSR:

HORS series disintegrator

Disintegrator basket with chopping fingers.

Using this technology, in the early 1950s, a pilot plant began operating in the city of Tallinn, producing over 35,000 cubic meters. the widest range of products, ranging from cellular wall blocks, load-bearing floor panels to tiles and sewer pipes. As a result, from lime and simple sand, this factory began to produce products with the M3000 brand in mass production, and up to M5000 in pilot production. (And this is half a century ago! Today, M600 grade concrete is considered almost the pinnacle of applied concrete science).

Does this texture of granite remind you? There, too, particles of feldspar with quartz particles are firmly bonded like a polycrystal.

Details about silicalcite can be read

There were such thoughts as they made masses of artificial stone, and even granite:

They took a mixture of sand and lime crushed into powder (nanopowder) and rammed it with granite chips or the same sand. Next, they were heated in ovens. There is an opinion on silicalcite that it is not even necessary to heat it, it will gain the necessary strength over the years, extracting carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and becoming more and more stone. Maybe it was this technology that was used to build buildings in Egypt, St. Petersburg?

And now they know how to cast Granite and marble, and easily. Look around!
And then only in this way it was possible to solve this problem technologically and a granite column - the highest in the World was cast on Palace Square - the largest Monolithic column in the World - the Alexandria Pillar.

And now they are casting balls on the Neva and vases at the Moscow railway station

It is very pleasant to realize that what I have been explaining for five years is gradually reaching everyone!
Here is a repost: the person also realized that it was all cast ... and if the mnenics match, it will soon be like the truth. but how to prove it all - that is the question.
I just know it.

Monolithic steps of the Monument to Nicholas I. This monument could not be dismantled and left.
Writes koparev (koparev) http://koparev.livejournal.com/232491.html
2016-05-24 23:59:00

People in the Middle Ages successfully produced artificial granite and marble, or Megaliths.

The sculpture of this girl is in the Vorontsov Palace (Southern coast of Crimea). What technology was used to create this sculpture? Is it really made from a single piece of marble? How did you manage to get curls on her head?

Here is a column in Palmyra. It is larger than the columns of St. Isaac's Cathedral. How did the ancients create this miracle?

Here is the base of this column. How did the sandstone core end up inside the granite column? Is it possible that there were rocks on the site of the quarry? Sandstone, it would seem, is covered with granite, like plaster, which has been carefully polished after it hardened ... Is it possible to make a material like granite soft?

Is this sculpture created with a chisel and a hammer? This sculpture was CAST.

Do you believe that the Sphinx was carved from a single rock? Then why is his head darker than his body? Was it cast from concrete mortar?
Of course, it is cast from geopolymer concrete. Several centuries ago, our ancestors already knew what concrete mortar was. Moreover, in the days of "Antiquity" they could create artificial granite and marble.
The fact that in the Middle Ages (and even in "Antiquity") artificial granite and marble could be successfully obtained was written in G. Brodersen's book "Handbook" and A. Iovsky's work "On the Importance of Chemical Research". It is very important to remember that artificial granite is NOT DIFFERENT FROM NATURAL GRANITE. The same can be said about marble. No geochemist, having carried out chemical research, will distinguish artificial marble from natural, since they have the SAME COMPONENTS.
Artificial granite was obtained in Antiquity as follows:

From 42. book. G. Brodersen. Directory.

Artificial marble according to Ostermeyer was obtained in this way:

S. 42. book. G. Brodersen.

S. 41. book. G. Brodersen.
Download book. Brodersen G. G. Handicraft Handbook. Recipes. M., Verb, 1992. - Reprint ed. Brodersen G. Handbook. - M., GI, 1932. : https://yadi.sk/i/XEg0GnAjrwm7d

Download the book by Iovskiy A. On the importance of chemical research. M., AN, 1832. - S. 9.
https://yadi.sk/i/NINR5kZarxojo

Moreover, silt from the bottom of the sea was used as a building material, which, as a result of a natural disaster, was splashed onto the coast. It has a high content of silica and calcium oxides. Over time, solidifying, this silt, like a concrete solution, TURNED INTO GRANITE. From such a "solution", the caves of Barabar were created.

The seam between the layers of the "solution" is visible.
You can see the crumbling and flaking of the "concrete" at the top of the structure. The builders left traces of some kind of mechanism.
http://s.fishki.net/upload/post/201505/16/1534238/15.jpg

From myself, I note that the walls of Petropavlovka and kilometers of round curbs on the Neva and, in general, granite embankments on the Neva are naturally cast from Granite. as a designer then going. I even saw blast furnaces near Petropavlovka in the Picture. And in Ruskol there is a factory for the smelting of marble sculptures. You will not say that they were made by hand in every museum of the World

And why now all the streets are dressed in natural granite, I'll never know ...

Probably just sawing the budget, Or do they really not know??

Then this post is for them!