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What materials are needed to build a house. How to choose materials for the construction of a country house: expert advice

gas silicate blocks, aerated concrete blocks, wood concrete, foam concrete, sawdust concrete - there are many building materials and technologies on the market. But which of them will allow you to build a really inexpensive, functional and reliable housing?

The development of technologies is more related to monolithic and frame construction. If you pay attention to frame technologies, effective are LSTK-structures, with thin walls made on the basis of a steel profile.

The finished object is distinguished by low weight, high strength, and the absence of "cold bridges". On the basis of LSTK, it is possible to successfully conduct low-rise residential construction of townhouses, cottages and other low-rise buildings (up to three floors). The cost of the finished object will be 13 tr/m² and more.

In forest-deficient areas, it makes sense to lighten the weight of the roof, reducing power truss system. This is not only economical, but will also affect the choice of type bearing base

The first step to effective construction should be the analysis of traditional housing, which is being built in a particular climatic region. Such functional and technological properties are optimal and economical.

Monolithic construction involves the installation of removable or fixed formwork, pouring concrete (heavy / light - to choose from), erecting a roof. The cost of a finished house made of concrete with your own hands on fixed formwork starts from 8 tr/m², on a removable one - a little cheaper.

Another the way to build a cheap house is to use wooden bricks. The material is made on the basis of solid wood. Each module is equipped with a four-sided lock, which eliminates shrinkage and blowing. Construction of the house will take 2-8 weeks. Manufacturers offer the most cheap wooden pine brick at a cost of 470 USD/m³, from which it is easy to calculate the cost of costs, knowing the area of \u200b\u200bthe walls.

Aerated concrete blocks - which is cheaper

Advantages and disadvantages of blocks made of different types concrete, are considered in tabular data:

Block type	pros	Minuses	Price
Polystyrene concrete (concrete with polystyrene balls)	Warm, light, very cheap material allowing you to quickly build housing. Blocks can be made by yourself, which contributes to greater savings.	Serious flaws with geometry will cause problems with finishing. Blocks are sensitive to ground movements, which can cause cracks to form. This is a great option for outbuildings - cheap, warm.	The price starts from 3.1 t.r./m³
Arbolite (concrete with wood chips)	You can safely consider all the previous advantages, but the wood concrete is more flexible due to the wood content. It is less prone to cracking	Walls should not be overloaded, finishing should be started as early as possible (along the facade), and wetting should be avoided during construction.	From 4.8 tr/m³
Aerated concrete (sand, lime, cement, water, blowing agent)	Ideal geometry, environmental friendliness, minimum glue consumption, absence of cold bridges (with rare exceptions), ease of processing	When finishing, there may be problems with fasteners. When building even a one-story house, you can’t do without arranging monolithic belts. In terms of strength, lightweight concrete is inferior to monolith, but is optimal for private construction.	Considering the pros and cons of aerated concrete blocks, the price of 3.6 - 4.7 tr / m³ should be taken into account
Foam concrete (water, cement, sand, foaming agent)	A house made of foam concrete does not require a deep foundation, the material is easy to process, allows you to quickly implement masonry, which perfectly protects against wind, noise and frost	Building houses from foam blocks can be costly due to the fragility of the material - there is a fight during transportation, masonry. If you do not lay a reliable foundation, hay can crack	2-4 tr/m³ (depending on dimensions and production technology)

Based on the table data, it can be seen that the cheapest construction material for building a house - this is aerated concrete, foam concrete. Expanded clay concrete block is also on sale, but it is much more expensive. One price category with foam concrete there is sawdust concrete.

The production of cellular and porous blocks is progressing. A house made of gas silicate on two floors, lined with siding, can be considered typical. Finished project easy to choose online

natural wood

Considering all the possibilities of choice, it is impossible not to mention natural wood. This is the most environmentally friendly material that allows you to create durable housing. The construction of houses from logs or timber is based on cheap load-bearing bases., - columnar, shallow. You can build a house quickly, and finishing is not difficult.

However, neither the beam nor the log corresponds modern requirements thermal protection. It is cold in a house made of timber, that is, additional insulation is required. There is a special material with insulation, but they are much more expensive. In addition, such a house burns easily.

wooden frame

How to build a house inexpensively? - This is a story about a wooden frame. The master does not require special skills, a shallow-depth bearing base is enough. But, in such a house there is very poor sound insulation, environmental friendliness suffers due to the large amount of insulation rodents and insects are often present. Arrangement required supply and exhaust ventilation. Extremely low resilience to natural disasters has also been noted.

Panel materials

In a few weeks, you can build a house based on reinforced concrete panels. After the installation of the walls, you can proceed to the finishing work. The cost of the material is 9-15 tr / piece, which depends on its series and purpose. Used wall material may be on sale, but it is not recommended to purchase it.

Sandwich panels allow you to build a house in a matter of months. The material is produced in accordance with standard projects in factories, so it is monotonous. If you follow the installation technology, you can get an excellent summer house, cottage, outbuildings.

Additional materials

When deciding what is the cheapest material for building a house, one should not forget about other structural elements.

The larger the house in terms of area, the higher its cost and costs in man-hours. By choosing a successful project, you can build good housing quite cheaply.

To save money, you can pay attention to the following recommendations:

the cheapest roof is covered with ondulin, corrugated board, roofing material, wave slate;
inexpensive windows can be equipped both from wood and from metal-plastic. The same applies to door frames. If wood is used, it must be softwood;
the most economical material for finishing the building is flat slate, however, it is better to cover it with paint. In the economy class, plaster, tiles, facing bricks are appropriate;
for interior work, you can use lining, which can be cut independently from unedged boards 25 mm;
as an alternative, you can consider buying plastic lining, however, does not have a high coefficient of thermal expansion, which imposes certain restrictions;
an inexpensive house is not too hard, so the finish of the fiberboard is questionable, the seams may crack;
building a house on one floor does not require the cost of lifting mechanisms, forests, extra helpers;
do not be afraid of purchasing from domestic manufacturers. All materials, from metal trusses to various types of insulation, are no worse than imported analogues;
it is necessary to understand that a certain part of the materials that are somehow involved in construction can be made by hand. For example, do-it-yourself plasticizer for concrete.

Do you need a quote to build a house?

When choosing from which material it is cheaper to build a house, it is worth relying on the actual conditions of construction and the purpose of the object. The most cost-effective work relates to the construction summer cottages, garden houses, that is, houses of seasonal residence. If it is planned to arrange a place for permanent residence, we should expect an increase in costs, albeit insignificant.

The calculation of the estimated cost will optimize the progress of work, which will eliminate disruptions in the flow of building materials to the construction site. When choosing even the cheapest building material, it is important to know how much of it will be required and what will be the cost of its purchase.

An enterprising person found an unusual, cheapest building material for building a house:

When a person thinks about his own housing, the thought comes to mind: what is better to build a house from - brick, blocks, timber.

The materials from which the house will be built must be strong, durable, and not have a negative impact on health.

There are many materials on the construction market today. Choose the best way not so easy.

You need to start by analyzing the properties of each of them, you can choose the material for which the price and quality will be optimal.

Before starting construction, you can view a magazine, a catalog of construction companies with options for buildings.

The house in which it is planned to live permanently must be resistant to atmospheric precipitation, be sound and heat insulated and be a “fortress” for many years.

Brick, blocks of ceramics, foam concrete, aerated concrete, logs and timber have similar properties.

How much and what material will be needed for construction can be suggested by a magazine with recommendations from a specialized company.

Characteristics and properties of bricks

The building materials magazine is of the opinion that brick is durable, strong.

If you start construction in accordance with all the rules, then it will stand for 100 years, and its residents will enjoy comfort and warmth.

The most common building material - brick, has many properties:

Completely natural;
At construction works ah, there is no need to use additional additives - “baking powders”;
The brick is not combustible, in case of ignition and fire, the brick box will remain intact. Based on it, it will be possible to rebuild a new house;
Brick is highly durable. The walls from it will be able to withstand heavy shutters, an attic;
On the cottage from brick over time, you can install several more floors, complete additional rooms;
The laying is not subject to shrinkage, rotting;
Always in the rooms of the house comfortable temperature- in the cold season, the walls will keep warm, and in the heat they will protect from heat.

When building a brick house, it is worth considering not only the properties of this material. It is important to pay attention to the quality of the cement composition, the nature of the masonry, insulation.

The magazine will be able to tell about the properties and varieties of materials. A set of indicators of all components will affect the quality factor of the house.

Using brick to build a house has disadvantages. The construction of the building will take a long time, since the time of year, weather conditions play an important role during construction work.

In summer, the solution will dry out quickly, and in winter it may freeze. If it rains, the construction will have to be postponed until it is stopped.

A construction magazine notes that it is important to pay attention to masonry. Bricks must be laid evenly. Otherwise, the house will not be strong.

For this reason, it is worth entrusting the construction of housing for permanent residence to professionals, and this will cost the owner of the house a lot of money.

You can make the use of this type of building material cheaper - use it as a cladding. Brick will decorate the walls of the building, protect from adverse natural influences.

After all, it is necessary to dilute the cement mortar, lay down the bricks necessary for construction, collect the waste that inevitably forms during the construction of the house.

If the site already has a broken garden, beds, this will complicate the work.

Features of foam blocks

When choosing materials for the construction of housing, ease of construction, environmentally friendly properties, thermal insulation, and sound insulation are taken into account.

Foamed blocks have such qualities, so the magazine, catalogs of construction companies often suggest choosing this particular material.

Blocks have advantages due to which they have conquered the market:

Environmentally friendly - natural materials are used in its manufacture. The proportion of plasticizers, dyes is so small that it will not harm health;
It is able to pass air, so a favorable climatic situation will always remain in the house;
Lightweight, which affects the speed of housing construction. In addition, there is no need to build a powerful foundation;
Possesses high rates noise, heat insulation. No need to spend a lot of money on the purchase of insulating materials, on additional wall insulation;
Able to withstand high temperatures;
Its price is lower than other materials. Building a house will cost less than, for example, brick, timber.

Wall decoration from foam blocks is allowed to be carried out from any materials. The construction magazine offers options for decorating walls with plaster, decorative panels, wallpaper.

A feature of the foamed blocks is its fragility. When transporting blocks to the construction site, they can be damaged, so you should pay increased attention to the quality of transportation.

After their laying, the blocks shrink. Its percentage is affected by the temperature difference during construction. To minimize it, you need to use high-quality reinforcement during construction.

After installing the box of foam blocks, you should not immediately start finishing. It's all about the chemical reactions that will take place between carbon dioxide and cement.

Otherwise, cracks will form, which serve as cold bridges. As a result, the room will not be kept warm.

Wood is an eco-friendly material for building a house

A house for permanent residence, built of timber, is distinguished by its beauty and solidity.

Wood has many characteristics due to which it is most often chosen as a building material:

high rates of thermal insulation;
eco-friendly material - will not harm health;
high heat resistance, thermal conductivity of the timber;
long service life.

Wooden beam is cylindrical and glued. The magazine of specialized companies will talk about the properties of each type. Masonry from a cylindrical beam will shrink over time.

As a result, the geometric shapes will change slightly, and thermal insulation material will need to be added to the joints and seams.

Glued laminated timber is resistant to deformation.

It's all about its production: several layers of timber are placed under the press so that their radial rings of life are directed oppositely, with the help of glue they are fastened together very firmly.

With its environmentally friendly properties, it is not inferior to cylindrical logs. Chemical antiseptics, varnishes today are replaced by impregnations based on natural ingredients.

It could be beeswax, gum turpentine, propolis, patchwork wax. The last component is produced by domestic companies and is a high quality product.

Impregnations protect the surface of the timber from decay, prevent the effects of insects, and increase the level of fire resistance.

From a bar you can build one-story cottages and houses for permanent residence in several floors.

A variety of profile types of wood will allow you to create houses of various geometric shapes.

Options for buildings are catalogs, a magazine of construction companies. The building on the site will look modern.

For a wooden house, it is not necessary to build a massive foundation; you can start by making it shallow. The walls also do not need additional external processing.

Main advantage wooden houses is the possibility of their construction at any time of the year.

Features of frame construction

Before you build a frame house, it’s worth starting with the formation of a frame. It can be metal or wood.

More durable - metal frames, but it takes a lot of time to build them. Wooden structures are assembled cheaper and faster.

The thickness of the wood blank depends on the material of the insulation and its thickness.

For exterior cladding, one of the options is used: cement-bonded particle board, moisture-resistant plywood, oriented strand board. Suitable as a heater mineral wool or foam.

One-story cottages are built very quickly. After the foundation has gained the necessary strength, you can assemble the dwelling.

There is no need to wait weeks or months to complete the finishing work. The frame structure does not shrink, so the construction of such a house will not take much time.

Frame houses have their "advantages":

Ease of construction - you can do without the help of builders. Using the instructions and recommendations, the frame house will stand on the site after a short time;
Elements frame house have a small weight, so you do not need to use special devices, technical means;
Due to the fact that the construction of such a house does not need to involve workers from construction companies, special equipment, the construction of housing will cost several times cheaper than using other materials;
Frame houses are highly stable. They will endure not only subsidence of the foundation, but also an earthquake;
They can be built at any time of the year. Frost, heat do not affect the quality of the finished structure;
High heat and noise insulation. In summer, the frame house will be cool, and warm in winter. In the cold season, you can save on additional space heating. Layers of insulation will prevent the penetration of sounds from the street.

Such houses are suitable for permanent residence, but you need to be ready to change the insulation of the building every 30-35 years.

A new way of building houses - monolithic construction

In modern construction, the construction of houses in a monolithic way is not yet common. The basis of the technology of this method is the pouring of concrete foundations and walls.

The structures are strong enough, have uniform properties.

The main advantage of monolithic houses is strength and durability.

The aesthetic component is very high. The magazine of construction companies that are engaged in the construction of such houses offers a lot of options for decorating a home with a variety of materials.

The house will be distinguished by individuality and fully meet the tastes and needs of the owner.

Monolithic buildings have disadvantages. When erecting them, the use of special equipment is required, the formation of complex formwork, when installing floors, it is necessary to create supports, stairs.

Criteria for choosing material for building a house

To build a house, you can stop at any material option.

Each of them requires certain skills and technologies. The magazine will offer the shape, number of storeys, construction of a house made of blocks, bricks, timber.

It is important to answer the question: “what is better to build a house from” before the start of design and construction work.

In doing so, you need to pay attention to the following points:

the price of materials, the ability to purchase them in a particular region;
how thermal insulation characteristics correspond to the climate;
level fire safety, environmental friendliness;
how many floors will the house have.

With the right analysis, the thickness and depth of the foundation, the load on it, what building material needs to be purchased and in what quantity will be correctly calculated.

Particular attention should be paid to material opportunities, personal preferences of the owner.

Only in the analysis of a complex of characteristics can one find out from what materials it is still better to build a house - from blocks, bricks, timber, frame.

Don't limit your dream to standard shapes!

One of the main issues that is decided long before the construction of a house, both in the city and in the countryside, is the choice of material for building walls. The decision of what is better to build a house from can be slow and difficult. On the one hand, a wide range of proposed wall designs, especially considering the possible combination. On the other hand, local restrictions natural conditions and material market. All this is dominated by our tastes, desires and possibilities. In the following presentation, we will consider all the identified aspects, analyze, compare and draw conclusions about which house should be built. The description contains selected examples from many years personal experience text author.

Buildings based on heavy materials

Heavy materials include concrete, brick, different kind blocks, concrete slabs, stone. Buildings made of such materials require a solid foundation; delivery and installation of building components are complicated and often require special equipment. Most often, these are strong, durable, but not cheap designs. During construction, it is necessary to withstand the foundation without load for a month before the construction of the walls begins. Brick and block buildings are more fire resistant than wood-based houses. Probably, it is problematic to engage in construction from heavy materials in frosty time on cement mortar.

Foam concrete house finished with brick and stone

Habitual brick houses

Brick houses are widespread and popular since ancient times. There are quite a lot of types and types of bricks: silicate, ceramic, refractory, hollow, solid, finishing, etc.

Consider the advantages of brick:

high strength and durability;
excellent sound insulation;
environmentally pure material;
a wide variety of sizes, colors and shapes.

The disadvantages include:

big weight;
low thermal insulation;
high hygroscopicity;
hard to process;
relatively high cost.

brick houses can be very different

As a feature, we mention the high heat capacity. Commenting on the above, we note that it is allowed to build buildings of the most different forms and sizes. Easy to implement various color solutions. In a beautiful durable and reliable brick building, almost any layout is provided. External walls do not require care. The radiation background of the brick has a meager level, and the material is considered environmentally friendly.

However, it is not easy to work with bricks: heavy material must be delivered, raised to the desired height, the mortar is mixed and each brick is held in hands, laying accurately and evenly. To give the desired shape, you will have to use the "grinder". The brick absorbs moisture and, with insufficient protection, or the choice of an inappropriate design, can crack and crumble under the influence of frost. Improper use of brick leads to the appearance of "efflorescence" (white spots) on the facade of the building.

In this case, the most significant drawback should be considered low thermal insulation. To ensure the required level of energy saving, a wall of silicate bricks must be made with a thickness of 1.2m!

Brick and ceramic blocks for every taste

Material manufacturers are trying to solve the problem by building voids inside the brick. The most successful solution is ceramic porous blocks. In terms of thermal conductivity, such blocks are almost 3 times more efficient than bricks. Blocks have sizes from (250x250x140)mm to (510x250x219)mm and replaces up to 14 standard bricks. Of course, laying walls is greatly accelerated and simplified. At the same time, porous blocks have strength no worse than ordinary bricks and frost resistance up to 50 cycles. The disadvantage of ceramic blocks is the relatively high cost, which is gradually falling, and this is encouraging.

A feature of brick walls is a high heat capacity, which in various situations can be both an advantage and a disadvantage. The temperature of the walls of a brick building slowly changes and tends to the average daily, which stabilizes the temperature inside the building as well. This, of course, a pleasant effect is noticeably enhanced if the outer side of the wall is insulated. When the heating is turned off for a short time, for example, for repairs, the temperature in the room will drop slowly, which is also a positive factor.

Everything is different if the dwelling is used for temporary residence: a guest house, a summer house, etc. So, at one time I thoughtlessly followed the general example and built a cottage from silicate brick. As a result, it turned out that it was impossible to use the house during the off-season. During 5 days of the week, the walls of the building cool down safely, and on weekends it is simply impossible to warm it up in a few hours in any way.

Practical expanded clay houses

After finishing, the "gray neck" of expanded clay concrete will become a wonderful "swan"

Today we can say with confidence that claydite concrete is quite a successful invention of the past century. Quite a lot of buildings from expanded clay concrete have been built, although this is not striking. The blocks themselves have an unpresentable appearance, therefore they are covered with plaster, insulation and others. finishing materials. The blocks consist of a cement mortar with a filler of expanded clay gravel - pellets of burnt and porous clay.

Consider the advantages of expanded clay concrete blocks:

satisfactory sound insulation;
fairly environmentally friendly material;
relatively small weight;
good thermal insulation;
good vapor permeability;
relatively low price.

The disadvantages include:

the impossibility of laying small decorative elements.

As features, we mention that the blocks are produced by small firms, the quality of which varies markedly. To the above, it should be added that the blocks of expanded clay concrete have dimensions (390x190x188) mm, which allows you to build buildings at high speed. The low cost of masonry, combined with the low price of the blocks themselves, ensures a relatively low cost of the finished structure.

Note that expanded clay concrete blocks can be made by hand using inexpensive equipment. At the same time, it is not recommended to build houses with a height of more than 3 floors due to restrictions on bearing capacity. The issue of the quality of the blocks is solved quite simply: you should not choose the cheapest option.

It makes sense to verify the honesty and experience of the manufacturer. There are a sufficient number of companies on the market that provide high quality blocks using imported high-tech equipment. The following video is about one such example.

Inexpensive housing from cinder blocks

Cinder blocks consist of a cement mortar with coal slag as a filler. Captured Germans built houses from slag after the end of the Great Patriotic War. These buildings have wooden floors and stairs, but they are plastered, painted and still serve people. True, the construction technology was somewhat different. Formwork was exposed along the perimeter of the building, which was poured cement mortar with locomotive slag. After the layer hardened, the formwork was moved up and so on, until complete.

The locomotive slag is gone, but many boiler houses and power plants run on coal, so the material is still relevant. Cinder blocks have the same dimensions as the expanded clay concrete blocks discussed above, as well as similar characteristics and are almost indistinguishable in terms of appearance. We note some features and differences. The slag used as a filler has been in the furnace and acquired some radioactivity. The level is quite acceptable, but there is an environmental issue. Another feature is that slag easily absorbs moisture.

I had to visit a house made of such material, built on the territory of Belarus. This area has relatively high humidity. Moisture appeared on the inner surface of the walls of the building, and a fungus appeared. On the contrary, in a house made of expanded clay concrete, built in one of the southern regions of Russia, I did not find any problems with moisture on the walls: the climate is dry.

Thus, cinder blocks should not be used for the construction of the basement of the building. Before laying cinder block walls, a flawless horizontal waterproofing between the building base and the wall should be ensured.

Expanded clay concrete and cinder blocks practically do not differ in appearance

Wood concrete walls - an interesting solution

Another option for blocks that you can make with your own hands is wood concrete blocks. The same cement mortar acts as a binder, and wood chips plus sawdust serve as a filler.

Advantages of wood concrete blocks:

sufficient strength and durability;
good sound insulation;
environmentally friendly material;
relatively small weight;
good thermal insulation;
good vapor permeability.

The disadvantages include the following:

unpresentable appearance;
the impossibility of laying small decorative elements;
noticeably more expensive than expanded clay concrete blocks;
lack of reliable manufacturers.

Shavings and sawdust as part of the block are reliably protected from moisture and are not subject to decay. At the same time, they provide reinforcement and increase the strength of the material. Naturally, the filler facilitates wood concrete blocks and provides good thermal insulation. From such blocks it is allowed to erect buildings up to 2 floors without reinforcement and using floor slabs. The rough surface guarantees excellent adhesion to the plaster, which means that it is allowed to do without reinforcing mesh.

These wood concrete blocks do not look in the best way

Shell rock is a wonderful local material

Shell rock is cut out of marine sediments of approximately the same size as expanded clay concrete blocks. Blocks of the M15 brand have a strength of 15 kgf / cm2, are characterized by high porosity and are suitable for the construction of one-story buildings. Mark M25 means strength 25kgf / cm.kv. and allows the construction of 2-storey buildings. The M35 brand corresponds to the strength of 35kgf / cm.kv. and is suitable for the construction of foundations and plinths.

Positive qualities of the material:

high environmental friendliness;
good thermal insulation;
does not absorb moisture;
low cost in the area of material extraction;
high frost resistance.

Disadvantages of shell rock:

fragile material;
significant deviations of the geometric shape and size;
high shipping cost.

The unusual color and texture of the shell rock attracts attention

Note that the high cost of delivery leads to the fact that the final price of shell rock is 1.5 times higher than expanded clay concrete. However, this option should not be completely discounted. During the construction of the building, not too far from the place of extraction, the shell rock is quite competitive with expanded clay concrete blocks. In addition, the unusual color and texture contribute to the use of shell rock for exclusive architectural and design solutions.

Houses from popular foam and aerated concrete

Construction of private houses from lightweight concrete quite popular today. This is due to the following number of positive characteristics:

good thermal insulation;
light weight;
high environmental friendliness;
wonderful geometry;
blocks are easy to process;
good sound insulation;
low cost.

Aerated concrete house: two floors plus an attic - quite realistic

The disadvantages of lightweight concrete blocks include fragility and low strength. However, the construction of houses of 2-3 floors with floor slabs is allowed. At the same time, it is necessary to provide, although lightweight, but a solid monolithic foundation.

The material shrinks, so after the walls are erected, the building box must stand during the warm season before the finishing works.

As an example: in the near Moscow region, I saw a beautiful 3-storey mansion made of foam concrete, the facade of which was covered with a continuous grid of small cracks. The building was plastered immediately after the walls were built. Now both frost and moisture continue their destructive work.

Manufacturers offer blocks with a thickness of 10 to 30 cm various options density and thermal insulation properties: structural, structural and thermal insulation and thermal insulation. If you use thermal insulation blocks with outside walls, and structural - from the inside, you can do without additional insulation.

Together with a relatively inexpensive foundation, a completely comfortable and relatively cheap structure is obtained. Note that blocks of foam concrete and aerated concrete are produced using different technologies, have different internal structures and characteristics. In the production of foam concrete, a foaming agent is added to the cement mortar, which creates closed pores inside the material. A powder blowing agent is added to the raw material for the production of aerated concrete, which leads to the appearance of small through channels in the thickness of the block. As a result, gas blocks absorb moisture much more strongly and need waterproofing.

Various types of concrete blocks

Proposal of progress - a house made of TEPLOSTEN blocks

TEPLOSTEN blocks attract with their completeness. The outer and inner structural layers of the block are made of expanded clay concrete, and inside there is a polystyrene foam heat insulator. The design of the "hamburger" is completed by an external decorative element, painted in any color. Inside the block there is a fiberglass reinforcement that prevents material delamination.

One of the disadvantages of the block is low vapor permeability, due to the presence of foam between the layers of expanded clay concrete. This can lead to wetting internal walls at high humidity and inadequate ventilation. Probably in the dry southern regions this problem will not arise. The TEPLOSTEN blocks are almost 2 times more expensive than expanded clay blocks, but they do not need additional insulation and finishing of the outside. The relative novelty of the technology under consideration should be noted. It makes sense to make sure that everything worked out well for someone before deciding to build HEATWALLS from blocks.

The design of the TEPLOSTEN block

Concrete panels - greetings from the USSR

AT Soviet time mass production of houses from large-panel blocks was organized. By today's standards, a 34 cm thick expanded clay concrete panel does not provide sufficient thermal insulation, so it is necessary to add insulation. The main advantage of building from panels is the high speed of building construction. Today, the low demand for large-panel blocks is explained by a small range of sizes, which leads to a limitation of possible planning solutions.

Old familiar wall panels

THERMODHOUSE made of foam blocks poured with concrete

For the construction of a house using the TERMODOM technology, special foam blocks are used. The blocks are hollow inside and have thick walls. During installation, the foam blocks are laid in a row and filled with cement mortar. Reinforcement is inserted into the solution to strengthen the wall. Outside, the wall is plastered on a grid, or finished with siding. For interior decoration, drywall is most often used.

To strengthen the foam before pouring concrete, it is necessary to install a wooden formwork. Concrete is poured into the EPS formwork in layers, so it is necessary to wait for the previous layer to harden before proceeding to the next one. Of course, this increases the construction time. It is allowed to erect 2-storey buildings with floor slabs.

The advantages of TERMODOM include:

low cost;
high thermal insulation;
acceptable environmental friendliness;
relatively easy job.

THERMODHOUSE made of polystyrene was designated above the surface of the earth

We note the following as disadvantages:

low vapor permeability;
the difficulty of attaching furniture to the walls;
insufficient knowledge of technology.

The presence of foam completely blocks the penetration of moisture through the walls, which can lead to wetting of the walls and the appearance of fungus. The use of a serious ventilation system in such conditions is simply necessary. Although in areas with a dry climate, such problems may not arise at all. In addition, it should be noted that the foam plastic burns, which means that the fire safety of the building will be noticeably lower than the option of brick and blocks.

In order not to disturb the inner layer of the insulation, it is necessary to provide channels for all types of communications even at the stage of pouring the solution. To hang heavy furniture on the walls, you will have to fix pre-embedded wooden elements to the concrete. The outer walls of the building must be closed from solar radiation in the foreseeable future.

This is how the construction of THERMODOM looks like

Wood based buildings

In the recent past, most of the population of our country lived in wooden buildings. So the older generation evaluated the characteristics of such buildings from their own experience. Often wooden houses- These are lightweight eco-friendly aesthetic designs. During construction, a light and not even a monolithic foundation is suitable, that is, relatively cheap. Delivery and installation of materials is easier than for buildings made of heavy materials.

A wooden structure can be quite durable and reliable, but no impregnation will save you from fire.

Wooden houses are prone to rotting, termite attack and require constant maintenance. Protective measures such as antibacterial and fire impregnations, varnishes and paints are valid for a limited number of years. Periodically, all treatments must be carried out again. However, there are tools and technologies that, to a large extent, compensate for the shortcomings and emphasize the advantages. wooden structures. About the pleasant: the technology does not prohibit building wooden houses at a negative temperature.

Eco-friendly log house

I want to touch with my hands a pleasantly smelling log house

A log house cannot but call positive emotions associated with the smell of wood, tactile sensations and a reminder of antiquity. Let's evaluate the positive and negative qualities of rounded logs.

List of advantages:

environmental friendliness;
aesthetics;
good assembly speed;
good vapor permeability;
the possibility of transferring the log house to a new location;
durability.

The disadvantages also need to be mentioned:

the need for additional insulation;
relatively high cost;
the need for constant maintenance;
change in geometry over time.

Log house and stone: this option is possible

I will give laconic memories from childhood about living in a log house. AT winter time the stove in the house was melted in the evening "red hot". Already in the morning it was terribly cold, and I flew like a bullet to get warm in the kitchen to the open mouth of the Russian stove, in which my mother was already wielding her tongs. In other words, with permanent residence in a log house, it is difficult to do without additional insulation. In order not to use additional thermal insulation, logs with a diameter of at least 0.4 m are required.

The walls of logs are quite vapor-permeable, and the house breathes easily. Sometimes moisture can condense in the thickness of the log as a result of temperature changes, which leads to rotting of the wood. The tree itself is very environmentally friendly, no doubt, but what will happen to it after a variety of chemical impregnations and coatings? Big question! Unfortunately, you can't do without them.

Another feature - a wooden frame inevitably and constantly changes its geometry. You can somehow protect yourself from this by providing increased gaps in doorways and window frames. Fighting this problem, manufacturers dry and process wood, obviously not improving the environmental component and increasing the cost of the material.

In my opinion, it is better to refuse the use of logs, if there are alternatives, in the case of building a house for permanent residence. On the contrary, for giving, guest house, a hunting lodge, a bathhouse, that is, a structure not intended for year-round use - perhaps nothing better is needed! The building will not warm up for a long time and delight its owners with comfort and warmth.

Cottage made of timber - at least prestigious

Of course, timber is luxurious!

In short, a house made of glued laminated timber is still prettier at home from logs, somewhat better in performance and noticeably more expensive. The beam does not dry out, does not crack, cracks do not form in the walls, shrinkage is noticeably less. Probably, such a country cottage should be built solely for reasons of prestige: there may be a very small country house.

Frame houses - a visiting card of Canada

Around frame houses there are many disputes: some consider them the perfect fruit of progress, others - a product of "decaying" capitalism. Let's figure it all out together.

While in Toronto, I talked with a former neighbor on the landing. Her husband succeeded in business, and the lady decided to make money by building an elite cottage for sale. When asked about the progress of construction, she threw out a mountain of negative emotions, the essence of which is reflected in the words: “They are building from all kinds of garbage!” No more - no less! From myself, I note that, walking around the city, which largely consists of private houses, I did not find any traces of rickety, collapsing or withering buildings. Against! I was simply amazed by the variety of architectural solutions. Literally, in each of these houses you want to live. I think if beautiful houses are being built from garbage in Canada, then this is the highest professionalism.

Modern frame house in Toronto

However, when I was going to get my own house, I did not succumb to the temptation of the fashionability and cheapness of a frame house, but built a house of expanded clay concrete. Because in Russia there are cheap blocks, and their masonry is inexpensive. Because I do not believe in the quality work of small frame house manufacturers in our country. Moreover, I will not undertake to solder or control each connection in the wiring of the house, because of which it can burn out like a match.

Another is the opposite. If we consider the issue at the age of 20, when there is neither housing nor money, then I would pick up a hammer and build the best beautiful frame house in the whole world. Now let's talk about the advantages and disadvantages of frame construction.

Positive:

good thermal insulation;
light weight;
good installation speed;
low cost;
seismic resistance.

A half-timbered (frame) house in Germany has been standing for hundreds of years

Disadvantages of frame houses:

limited service life;
the need to install communications outside the walls;
limitation of options for planning decisions by the size of the source materials.

A feature of a frame house is that it warms up quickly enough and can be used not only for year-round, but also for temporary residence. The foundation will need light and relatively cheap. During the construction of the frame, various insulation can be used and the most different variants exterior and interior finishes. Frame components can be produced with a wide variety of levels of processing and quality. You can not do the project at all, or you can purchase a ready-made and proven one. Thus, we get a fairly wide range of prices and quality of construction.

Definitely, a house can be built by two people, and all materials can be delivered using a trailer. passenger car. Probably a frame house is the best option for many of us.

Walls made of SIP panels deserve attention

Big house from SIP panels built quickly

A house made of SIP panels is practically the same frame, which means it repeats many of its qualities. A feature of the house is SIP panels, which consist of 2 sheets of OSB, between which there is a layer of foam. To OSB panels environmentalists have questions, and the foam plastic makes the material absolutely vapor-tight. The problem of vapor permeability of walls is still the same: internal surfaces can get wet, covered with mold and fungus. However, in dry climates southern regions our country is unbelievable.

Houses made of SIP panels have undeniable advantage– high construction speed. At the same time, SIP panels are not the most best deal for the price: a house made of aerated concrete, for example, will turn out cheaper. Probably, from such material it is convenient to quickly build a summer house or an extension to the house.

Tables of comparative characteristics of houses made of various materials

The tables brought to your attention do not aim to replace the calculation of building a house. The idea is to understand the order of prices and compare the parameters of houses built from different materials.

The prices shown do not take into account differences between regions and inflation, but they are quite suitable for comparison and valuation. It should be taken into account that there are much more options for building walls, the choice of wall materials affects the design and cost of the foundation, and the cost of communications and finishing works can easily reach 50% of the total cost of building a building.

Estimated cost of 1m2 of walls

Insulation and finishing \ Wall material	Wall without insulation	Plus facing kipich	Plus decorative plaster	Plus insulation and facing brick	Plus plaster for insulation
Arbolite blocks 400mm		3000	2900
Gas blocks 400mm		2600	2800
Foam blocks 300mm		2500		2500	2800
Ceramic porous blocks 510mm		3600	3600
Ceramic porous blocks 380mm				3300	3500
Expanded clay concrete blocks 400mm					3300
Shell rock 400mm					4300
Cinder block 400mm					3000
Brick ceramic M150 double 380mm				3200	3500
	2500
Teplosten TB-400	2900
	2800
	3800
	2800
	3800
Glued laminated timber 279*210 mm without thermal insulation	6700

The following table shows comparative characteristics various options for the execution of the walls of the house and the overall rating is calculated. All parameters are evaluated on a 3-point system: 1 - bad, 2 - satisfactory, 3 - good. The scores in each column are first multiplied by the significance coefficients from the top row of the table, and then added together. The coefficients are also divided into 3 levels: 1 - not important, 2 - important, 3 - very important. Of course, everyone can set the coefficients of significance, based on their preferences, and get their own result. It is important that with the help of this table you can really choose required option walls of future housing.

Rating of the construction of the walls of houses from various materials

Comparison Options	The cost of the builder stva	Ecological ness	Thermal insulation lation	Fire resistant responsiveness	Operating cost tions	Speed builder stva	Durability ness	Qualify- cation builders	Paroproni- value	Teploiner- rationality	Soundproof lation	Sum points
Significance factor \ Wall material	3	2	3	3	3	1	3	1	2	1	2
Arbolite blocks 400mm plus facing brick	3	3	3	2	3	2	2	1	3	2	2	60
Gas blocks 400mm plus facing bricks	3	3	3	3	3	2	3	1	3	2	2	66
Foam blocks 300mm plus facing brick	3	3	3	3	3	2	3	1	3	2	2	66
Ceramic porous blocks 510mm plus facing brick	3	2	2	3	3	2	3	1	2	2	2	59
Ceramic porous blocks 380mm plus insulation and plaster	3	2	2	2	2	3	3	2	2	1	2	54
Expanded clay concrete blocks 400mm plus insulation and plaster	3	2	3	2	2	3	3	2	2	1	2	57
Shell rock 400mm plus insulation and plaster	2	3	2	2	2	3	3	2	2	1	2	53
Cinder block 400mm plus insulation and plaster	3	1	2	2	2	3	3	2	2	2	2	53
Ceramic brick M150 double 380mm plus insulation and plaster	3	2	1	2	2	1	3	1	2	1	3	50
Styrofoam fixed formwork	3	1	2	2	2	2	2	2	1	2	2	47
Teplosten TB-400	3	2	3	2	3	3	3	2	2	2	2	61
Frame-panel, thickness 174 mm	3	2	2	1	1	2	1	3	1	3	1	40
Panel narcas based on SIP panels, thickness 174 mm	3	1	2	1	1	3	1	3	1	3	1	39
Rounded tree with a diameter of 320mm	3	3	1	1	1	2	1	1	3	2	1	40
Beam profiled with a section of 210 * 210 mm without thermal insulation	3	3	1	1	1	2	1	1	3	2	1	40
Glued laminated timber 279*210 mm without thermal insulation	1	3	1	1	1	2	1	1	3	2	1	34

I hope that the above material will help you solve the key problem of building a house - what is more profitable to build walls from. Summing up, it can be noted that the fastest way to build a house using SIP panels; the cheapest housing involves frame technology, and the most reliable building has walls made of stone and brick. If you want prestigious, expensive and environmentally friendly - this is a house made of glued laminated timber. In any case, which option is better is up to you.

It's time to explain why aerated concrete is the most right material for the walls of a country house and no other material can compete with it in terms of the totality of characteristics. I propose to consider together all the existing this moment on the building materials market (including rare and exotic ones) and make sure that better material than aerated concrete for low-rise construction cannot be invented.

But in any case, a frame house made of wooden wall materials is the best thing to choose in our time. Thus, we actually get that with all the variety of existing building materials, we are left with only two options:

House made of cellular concrete (aerated concrete)
Frame house

All other building materials, in principle, are not consistent and it makes no sense to consider them if you are building a house for the long term for long-term and comfortable operation. And now is the time to make a direct comparison of a house made of aerated concrete and a frame.

Let me remind you that in both cases we are guided by the fact that the house will be built on a monolithic foundation slab, that is, the low heat capacity of the walls of a frame house is not relevant in our case. If you decide to build a frame house on a pile foundation, then soberly understand that the heat capacity of such a house will tend to zero and any shutdown of heating in winter will lead to almost instant freezing of the whole house. If we are talking about a house for permanent residence and year-round operation, it must have an extremely high heat capacity of the building envelope, because. it is on this parameter that the comfort of operating such a house directly depends.

The main advantage of a frame house is the ability to get an incredibly “warm” wall at a minimum cost. This is directly related to the fact that for light insulation, the resistance to heat transfer per centimeter of thickness is 2-3 times less than that of solid wood or even aerated concrete.

The second predominantly frame houses is the speed of erection of the supporting frame of walls and roofs. In fact, the advantage is rather doubtful if you approach the house as a complex object. Because the subsequent finishing of the frame house, firstly, will no longer be so fast, and secondly, with engineering systems will also have to tinker. But if you want to get a roof over your head here and now (it doesn’t matter that you still have to work and work under this roof so that the house finally looks like a house), then you can agree to a frame house. The same applies to the recently popular modular houses assembled in production. Their manufacturers position the assembly in the hangar as an advantage for the customer, although in fact the customer should not care at all, because. This does not affect the production time in any way. But for the performer, the assembly under the roof of the hangar is a big plus, because. allows to reduce costs and downtime associated with the unpredictability of the weather, if we consider the option of building on the customer's site. But on the other hand, the customer becomes severely limited by the too small dimensions of individual modules, which are completely uncomfortable for subsequent operation (for example, ceilings in a normal house should be at least 2.8 meters).

This is where the advantages of frame houses end and the disadvantages begin.

First, and most important. Frame houses are now being built by everyone who is not too lazy (because the cost of building a frame house is extremely low and you can “weld” well), which requires special control over compliance with construction technology. Otherwise, you can get such a barn, which will collapse at the slightest gust of wind. According to the link in the video, everything that could be violated was violated, but in fact, during a hurricane with very highly likely and a well-built frame house will collapse to one degree or another, and one must be prepared for this. The calculation of loads for a frame house must be done more carefully than for a stone house, paradoxical as it may seem.

The second disadvantage of frame houses is the expensive finishing and laying of engineering systems in an open way. After all, it is forbidden to lay electrical wiring in combustible structures, and therefore it will have to be conducted in an open way, which is very doubtful from an aesthetic point of view. In a house made of cellular concrete, everything is much simpler - all communications and wires are laid in the walls, which are then plastered. Absolutely the same as they do in apartments.

By the way, about ventilation. If you “forget” to do it in an aerated concrete house, then the high vapor permeability of the walls will allow you to somehow cope with excess humidity in the house, and in a frame thermos house without ventilation with a microclimate, everything will be very bad.

What else?
The sound insulation of a frame house is just as bad as that of an unplastered cellular concrete house.
Hanging heavy objects on the walls is possible only on the supporting frame.
Mice and other pests can start in the walls of a frame house.
Fire hazard. Stone houses also burn, but this rarely leads to the collapse of walls and ceilings. The frame house burns down instantly, despite various impregnations for wood (remember that an electrician in a frame house can only be carried out in an open way).
The durability of a frame house rests on the service life wooden frame(and without protection, the tree will begin to rot). While stone building materials (including cellular concrete) are eternal, cement-based materials only become stronger over the years.

If we compare fully finished houses of the same area, with engineering systems and finishing, a surprising discovery can be made. The cost of work and materials for a frame house is almost identical to the cost of work and materials for building a house from aerated concrete. Of course aerated concrete house it will turn out a little more expensive, because. during its construction, mechanization will be required, but this will be less than 10% of the total cost of all work.

Thus, we can conclude that aerated concrete is an ideal building material, which has no alternatives in principle. A frame house should be considered only if, for one reason or another, you do not have the opportunity to build a house from cellular concrete.

In the next part, we will choose the perfect roof for a country house. Don't switch!

Everyone who wants to build a house for himself is concerned about the question of what material to choose for building walls. After all, the strength, durability and comfort of the home depend on it.

The choice of wall material directly affects the cost of building a house.

To choose a wall material that is "up to you", we will turn to FORUMHOUSE specialists for clarification.

Where does the choice of wall material begin?

Aerated concrete or warm ceramics, timber, wood concrete or frame technology ... Any novice developer, when choosing a material for building a house for permanent residence, is faced with an abundance of conflicting information. It seems that there are so many materials that choosing the right one seems an impossible task. We have to narrow the scope of the search and select exactly what is needed!

According to a forum user with a nickname abysmo, it is enough to understand just ten things to decide whether to build a house. Namely:

What kind of housing do you plan to build - for permanent residence or for short-term visits;
What requirements do you impose on the strength and environmental safety of the wall material;
How quickly do you want to move in;
What fuel is planned to be heated;
What will the operation cost?
How much are you willing to spend on construction?
What building materials are available in your area;
Is it possible to carry out independent work, or will workers be involved;
What building technologies and means of mechanization are available in your region of residence;
Are you considering the possibility of selling the building on the secondary market.

There are no universal wall materials suitable for any project. A large or small area, the characteristics of the region of residence, climate, personal preferences require the use of their materials.

Construction consultant's opinion Romana Nikonova:

– When choosing wall materials, it is necessary to take into account a number of technological features and protective properties of the material: fire resistance, durability, thermal conductivity. In addition, you should be guided by your feelings - whether you like the material or not.

In conditions middle lane Russian walls should provide good thermal protection. They must also be strong enough to withstand the weight of floors, roofs, snow and wind loads.

Snow in the conditions of the Moscow suburbs is capable of giving a load of up to 180 kg per 1 sq.m. roof surfaces. Do not forget about the fire resistance of structures.

The point of view of the expert of our forum Alexey Melnikov(nickname on the forum Lyokhin ):

- In case of violation building codes and technology, even modern and expensive wall material can be ruined.

And vice versa - a competent approach and careful planning allow, with a very limited budget, to build a reliable, practical and not so small comfortable house for permanent residence.

For your information: the cost of building a box (relative to the total construction budget) usually does not exceed 20-30%.

The following example is illustrative:

If the house is planned to be operated in the "cottage" mode, then it is not cost-effective to build stone walls for the following reasons:

Economic component. If the stone housing has cooled down, then upon arrival it needs a long heating. It is unprofitable to do for the sake of one or two trips a week.
operational component. Irregular heating of a stone structure in winter negatively affects its durability.

What house to build. O features of wall materials

Among the most famous materials used in the construction of walls, the following can be distinguished:

brick and warm ceramics;
foam concrete and aerated concrete;
wood;
frame technologies;
arbolit.

Consider their main features.

1. Brick and warm ceramics

The advantages of this material:

1. Strength - denoted by the letter "M". The number after the letter indicates how much load the brick can withstand. This value is expressed in kg per 1 sq.cm.

2. Durability. Brick buildings are among the most durable.

3. Environmental friendliness. Bricks are based on clay, sand and water. Due to its structure, the brick passes air well. Therefore, a favorable microclimate is established in the room, and excess moisture is removed outside. In addition, the walls accumulate heat well and then give it to the inside of the room.

4. High frost resistance. The higher the frost resistance, the more durable the building. Frost resistance is the ability of a building material to withstand freezing and thawing in a water-saturated state. The frost resistance of the material is indicated by the letter F. The numbers after the letter indicate the number of freeze and thaw cycles that the material can withstand without losing its qualities.

5. Aesthetics. A cottage built of brick can be made in any architectural style, and the masonry technology itself has been worked out for decades.

6. High degree of sound insulation. Brick walls dampen both street and interior noise well.

Despite a number of undoubted advantages, a simple brick also has significant drawbacks.

Alexey Melnikov:

- Traditional ceramic bricks with a size of 250x120x65 mm do not meet modern thermal standards.

Calculations show that the required thickness of homogeneous brick walls(even for the southern latitudes of our country) is at least 1 meter.

It is possible to build a house for permanent residence with such a thick wall, but it is not economically feasible. Therefore, the brick received its further development - in the form of such modern solution like warm ceramics.

Roman Nikonov:

– Ceramic block, or porous ceramics, is a high-tech clay-based material.

Due to the smallest pores filled with air, ceramic stone is very warm and has high mechanical strength. The dimensions of a block of warm ceramics exceed the dimensions of a standard brick by several times, which increases the laying speed. But warm ceramics is a rather fragile material. Therefore, for fixing any structures in a wall made of a ceramic block, it is necessary to use special anchors.

Alexander Toporov(nickname on the forum 44alex) :

– Warm ceramics have a thin-walled structure, so it is not easy to fix any heavy objects on it, and an expensive special tool is required for its sawing. After laying warm ceramics, it should either be plastered from the outside, or additionally fill the vertical seams. Before buying a ceramic stone, I recommend paying attention to the geometry of the blocks and making sure that there are no cracks.

When chasing and drilling walls made of warm ceramics, you need to be very careful, otherwise you can split the block.

The main disadvantages of brick:

1. High construction cost. Brick is an expensive building material, which leads to an increase in construction costs;
2. The large mass of a building built of brick requires the laying of a carefully calculated, powerful and expensive foundation;
3. Seasonality of construction works.

Wet processes (preparation of building mixtures and mortars based on water) impose restrictions or make it impossible to lay bricks in winter.

2. Foam and aerated concrete

Today, gas and foam concrete blocks are the most common materials for building walls. This is due to a good balance in the price-quality ratio.

Alexey Melnikov:

– The advantages of such blocks are their relatively low thermal conductivity (as a result, high thermal resistance), high fire and bioresistance, ease of processing with hand and portable power tools, as well as their lightness.

It was these qualities that allowed the user of our forum with the nickname Dimastik25 independently, in one hand from aerated concrete.

- I chose aerated concrete, because it makes it possible to carry out laying independently, without the involvement of auxiliary forces.

The size of the block allows it to be laid by one person, but due to the large format of the block, the work is done quite simply, quickly and without unnecessary labor.

Even an unprepared person will be able to lay blocks on their own. No need to mix a large amount cement-sand mortar, masonry is carried out on a rather thin layer of glue. Also a significant plus is the uniformity of the wall, a large selection of blocks and their good geometry.

Alexander Toporov:

- Gas silicate is easy to process, it is easy to saw. Various armored belts, lintels, arches, etc. are also easily organized.

One of the main advantages of gas and foam concrete as a wall material is their good heat and noise insulation, which leads to lower heating and insulating costs.

Aerated concrete blocks are produced by large enterprises. Therefore, the quality of such materials corresponds to the declared characteristics, and geometric deviations are minimal.

But this material is not without drawbacks.

Alexey Melnikov:

- Gas and foam concrete blocks are a very fragile material. Low bending strength requires the use of a relatively expensive and powerful foundation (usually a monolithic reinforced concrete slab), as well as additional reinforcement elements - armored belts.

Foam concrete, although it costs less than aerated concrete, can be produced by the so-called "garage" methods. Therefore, when buying it, you must carefully consider the issue of choosing a supplier and not chase the lowest price.

You can familiarize yourself with all and.

3. Wooden houses

Wood is a classic building material, but despite its ubiquity, it also has a number of advantages and disadvantages.

Roman Nikonov:

- The wooden house breathes, is beautiful. This is a very flexible, “homemade”, versatile material, easy to transport and install. But it is less durable than stone.

Because when building a log house, there are no wet processes, then such a house can be built at any time of the year.

Starting a construction site, we think about which log is better to build a house for permanent residence. Experts believe that it is better not to build a wooden house from a log!

Alexey Melnikov:

- Timber is more practical in terms of cost-energy efficiency ratio, but for connoisseurs of log facades, the aesthetics of a log house usually come first.

Round logs and profiled logs (including kiln-dried logs) are all modern types of logs aimed at improving the aesthetic properties and simplifying the construction of a house.

Qualitatively made wooden houses can serve 200-300 years.

Among the disadvantages of wooden houses are:

1. The arrangement of "wet" rooms in a wooden one is associated with certain difficulties.

2. Based on standard sizes logs (6 m), the overlap of premises over 5 meters wide is difficult to implement. Interfloor ceilings in wooden houses are usually wooden beams. This reduces the degree of sound insulation in the house (wood conducts sound well) under shock loads.

3. The tree is subject to shrinkage and cracking.

4. A wooden house must be regularly caulked and painted. Thermal protection sufficient for comfortable life in the house, provides a wall of wood with a thickness of 200 mm.

5. Wood can rot and requires antiseptic treatment to protect against mold and woodworms.

Therefore, the next stage in the development of wooden housing construction was the development of glued laminated timber - a wall material devoid of the disadvantages of conventional timber.

Let's name the advantages of glued beams:

The material is durable and, thanks to a special profile (the serration protects the wall from blowing), it better retains heat in the house;
Glued laminated timber has a clear geometry, which facilitates and speeds up the process of building a house;
The material practically does not shrink, which allows immediately after the construction of the house to start laying communications and interior decoration premises;
Thanks to factory fire-bioprotection, glued laminated timber is highly resistant to fire, mold and fungi;
The walls of a house built of glued beams do not need interior and exterior decoration.

The main disadvantage of this material is its high price, as well as the need to attract highly qualified specialists to build a house.

4. Frame technology

Frame houses are considered one of the fastest and warmest houses. Therefore, if you urgently need housing, and you are wondering what time resources and what material to build a house from, feel free to choose this option. The main advantages of frame housing construction are cost-effectiveness and high - in a matter of months - the speed of construction.

Because Since the frame house is light, it does not require a powerful foundation to be built under it, which also perfectly reduces construction costs. The absence of wet processes allows the frame house to be built all year round.

Denis Reznichenko(nickname on the forum silent):

– If you are going to permanently live in a frame house, keep in mind that heating costs will be noticeably lower compared to wooden or stone houses, because. the ability to retain heat in modern heaters is higher than that of traditional materials.

Advantages of frame houses:

high construction speed;
frame technology does not require the use of heavy construction equipment;
the construction of such a house can be carried out independently;
due to the lack of shrinkage, internal and exterior finish a frame house can be made immediately after construction is completed;
wall thickness in frame houses usually does not exceed 30 cm, which increases the useful area of \u200b\u200bthe house;
in the cold season, frame houses quickly warm up to a comfortable temperature.

The disadvantages of frame houses include:

High quality requirements for the materials used. For the construction of a frame house, first of all, it is necessary to have well-dried and planed wood treated with fire and bioprotective compounds that protect it from damage and decay. When erecting a frame, it is unacceptable to use raw wood, because. during the drying process, it warps. This leads to a change in the geometry of wooden structures;
Construction performed by low-skilled workers with a deviation from technology entails a significant decrease in the performance of the house;
Compared to stone houses, frame houses have a lower degree of sound insulation.

Alexey Melnikov:

- Also among the disadvantages is the low heat capacity (heat storage capacity) of frame walls.

A frame house with the heating turned off quickly cools down. However, there is a way out - you can use an insulated Swedish plate as a foundation.

5. Arbolit

Arbolite is a material made from cement binder (concrete) and organic aggregates obtained from woodworking waste.

Sometimes wood concrete is called wood concrete, because this wall material has incorporated the advantages of both concrete and wood.

Arbolit has high thermal insulation performance.

It is an environmentally friendly material that does not need additional insulation. It does not dry out like a tree, does not rot and does not burn.

Arbolite walls "breathe" (the vapor permeability of the arbolite wall is more than 35%). This regulates the level of humidity in the room. This ensures good air exchange in the room.

Alexey Melnikov:

- Arbolite is an old and, at the same time, undeservedly forgotten material. Attempts to implement it were made back in Soviet times.

However, the segment of individual low-rise housing construction at that time was not developed, mainly panels of high-rise buildings were built, and over time, wood concrete gave way to other wall materials.

However, now arbolite is experiencing a rebirth.

After all, it is devoid of a number of disadvantages inherent in gas and foam concrete blocks, the material is relatively light, and building a house does not require the construction of a powerful foundation.

Also, wood concrete has high bending strength and will not crack when the foundation moves or settles.

Wood concrete, like wood, is well sawn, drilled, nails are easily hammered into the wood concrete wall, and the material itself holds heavy objects well without the use of special fasteners.

Among the disadvantages of wood concrete, two can be distinguished: its high cost and the insufficient number of house projects designed specifically for these blocks. Therefore, when choosing wood concrete block(in order to avoid buying low-quality material with broken geometry or strength characteristics), it is necessary to carefully consider the issue of choosing a supplier.

On our portal, they will help you find out everything a novice frame builder needs to know, which house, to understand which is better,. We will help you choose best material for walls and how to build

Watch the video on building a house from wood concrete blocks. And after reading our next video, you will learn how to build your own