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As soon as the phrase "the first frosts are expected in ..." begins to sound in the weather forecasts, many people think about how to make their home warmer. And often there are simply no special funds for cardinal changes, but you want to warm yourself at least a little. In anticipation of the cold weather, here are some simple tips.

Of course, over how to make your own a private house maximum warm, you should think about it even at the construction stage, choosing materials and technologies. But, if you live in an old house or apartment, a lot of money is needed for global warming. For example, even the insulation of the facade with foam do it yourself, will require the cost of materials, will take a lot of time and effort.

If there is no money or time for global warming of a house or apartment, this does not mean at all that you need to put up with uncomfortable temperatures and do nothing. If several simple ways make your home a little warmer and more comfortable with a minimum of costs:

Attention to windows! They account for a large part heat loss the whole house or apartment. Of course, best option- replacement of windows with new, three-chamber energy-saving double-glazed windows. But you can work with old windows too. Wooden frames, using a time-tested method, can be insulated with ordinary paper or textile tapes and paste. Even better - go through all the cracks with an inexpensive sealant. In PVC windows, check and replace if necessary seals. Use a special thermal film on the windows or stick the simplest packaging film on double-sided tape. In a private house, you can completely tighten the old windows from the outside with polyethylene, but then there will be a problem with ventilation and views of the surroundings;

To finish with the windows - the second tip. During the day, be sure to raise the blinds, shutters, open the curtains so that the room warms up naturally under the sun's rays. But at night you should completely close the curtains, close the windows. Some even curtain them with a blanket or an old blanket to definitely avoid heat loss. Ugly, yes, but quite practical. If you are not ready to take such measures, simply replace the light summer curtains with thicker ones and pull them up at night;

Radiators, of course, it is advisable to replace if they already did not work well in the last heating season. But you can simply remove them and wash them, as well as stick reflectors, for example, aluminum foil. Even better to use on the wall behind the radiators penofol or porilex with foil. This will reduce the heat loss that will be reflected from outer wall and stay inside the house;

Many people are skeptical about carpets, calling them dust collectors and an outdated interior decor item. But if your house or apartment does not have a floor heating system, then carpet already in the first cool days will be more useful than ever. Agree, it will be much more pleasant to step barefoot on a warm and fluffy rug, crawling out from under the blanket. And you will have to worry less about children playing on the floor;

Buy a heater. Let the simplest and most inexpensive, for example, a small fan heater. There are also convectors oil coolers, infrared heaters… The choice is great. Even one such electric heater will help you feel comfortable if, for example, you haven’t turned it on yet. central heating or there is a need to additionally heat a separate room;

You can additionally heat an apartment or house simply in the course of your daily activities. For example, bake pies in the oven - do not close the door to the kitchen. Warmth and a pleasant aroma of baking will spread throughout the rooms. Or when taking a bath, also do not close the door (if possible). And warm steam will heat the corridor;

Lovely, pleasant, warm trifles. They help to create a cozy and comfortable atmosphere in the house. Slippers, candles, aroma lamps, a cozy soft blanket, a comfortable, squeezed-out armchair, a sofa with assorted pillows, a favorite book or movie, a cup of fragrant steaming tea and a purring cat ... It is these little things that can help us cope with the autumn blues and understand - cold is not so bad, winter has its charms, and there is very little left before summer! Remember about hygge, because it is not so difficult to create an interior with a philosophy of happiness.

Home insulation is a key issue in creating comfort

If the house is cold, then in winter keep +20 degrees. - the task is more complicated, and it is feasible, if at all the heating power allows, which should be 2-3 times more than usual, for a building with minimal heat losses.

There are also such buildings with an area of \u200b\u200babout 100 square meters. which is +18 deg. it is difficult to catch up with 20-kilowatt heating - the tenants are freezing. In such a house, you need to wait out the winter, you need to survive the summer.

Think about the insulation of the house makes life. Two questions are being addressed:

savings of several hundred USD for the heating season (heat loss in the house can be reduced by 2-3 times).
creating comfortable living conditions for the family.

How to make thermal insulation measures more profitable

It is possible to insulate the house to the maximum - to make complex thermal insulation measures, with a thermal break layer thickness, not less than recommended for economic feasibility in the standards for this climate zone, and then get 100% of the possible savings on heating.
But you can, of course, spend 80% of the required amount, saving on the thickness of the insulation by making it 2 times thinner than required, but then the savings on heating will decrease by 2 times, as the insulation was not reported.
But you can spend 30 - 40% by using cheap insulation in a thin layer, some natural materials, and then redo the insulation of the house in 1 - 5 years ...

Now the standards require that the house be insulated in such a way that its structures reach a certain resistance to heat transfer. Economically payable package of measures for a maximum of 12 years

A certain thickness of insulation must be adopted, as well as other measures taken - for ventilation, for placing windows on the right side, the use of energy-reflecting materials ...

Normal home insulation will pay off. Where insulation was not reported, it will not pay off, because the cost of work is approximately the same, and heating is still needed powerful.

You can save on home insulation only by doing it yourself, and not on the quality and quantity of insulation materials.

Simple steps for thermal insulation of structures

How to insulate a house, you can only know by examining it ...
Windows and doors are changed first of all, as structural elements, which then need to be finished. And also as creating additional air exchange (drafts), and as the "coldest" enclosing structures.

If windows and doors are replaced with new insulated, double-triple, without drafts, with sealing of seams along their perimeter, etc. then that's half the battle.

But it is possible, in the absence of funds, to insulate old windows and doors. Read how it's done.

In the attic

We pull off all the junk from the attic, clean the base. We put a solid solid vapor barrier, which will prevent the vaporous moisture from replenishing the insulation.

We fall asleep 30 cm of hay treated with carbide and lime. We cover it with burlap on top, put shields, plywood, boards so that we can walk, to maintain the attic.
This is an easy option for small houses.

More durable, more solid - put a layer mineral wool 20 cm between the joists with a counter-lattice, with a ventilation gap above the insulation and ensuring its ventilation.

under the floor

Rip off the wood floor. From the bottom of the wooden logs under the floor we fix the boards and shields apart so that there are gaps for ventilation.

We put insulation on this flooring - the same lime-straw with a thickness of at least 20 cm. But it is better, of course, to put durable mineral wool again. Rodents will not settle in it, but it will be ventilated by ventilation of the underground.

An important condition is that it should not be damp under the floor, otherwise the insulation will acquire tighter moisture and lose its properties. Therefore, it may be necessary to first put a layer of roofing material on the ground.

We put continuous waterproofing on top of the mineral wool and log - we separate the houses from the harmfulness of this insulation .. We hammer the floor into place.

Taking care of the foundation

We are thinking about the question - are the walls not damp due to the flow of water from the foundation. If raw, then above the base we do drilling-impregnation-waterproofing with penetrating compounds. This is a serious issue for old buildings.

We tear off the foundation to a depth of at least 50 cm. We cover it with a layer of waterproofing - coated bitumen, on which we glue extruded polystyrene foam 5 cm.

Expanded polystyrene is installed at a height of at least 50 cm from the ground - to protect the walls and plinth from splashes and snow. Backfill with sand. We build a blind area with a width not less than the freezing depth in this area, we lay a horizontal thermal break at the bottom of the trench - all the same extruded polystyrene foam with a thickness of 5 cm. We also get the insulation of the foundation and its protection from frost heaving.

This action, associated with a very large amount of work and costs, will not pay off in terms of energy savings. But its main purpose is different - to increase the stability of the foundation, protect it from harmful factors, increase the service life, and hence the whole house. And in this sense, these measures for thermal insulation on heaving soils are appropriate.

On the walls

We cover the cold walls of the house from heavy materials - brick, concrete, cinder block with foam plastic using the "wet facade" technology, plaster, on top to your liking, but with materials suitable for use in insulation - heat-resistant and vapor-transparent.

Insulation measures on the walls, significant in terms of the amount of work, not only significantly reduce heat loss (the walls have the largest area), but are also decorative - they form the appearance of the facade and the whole house.

Helpful Hints

Before you start learning all the secrets of keeping warm in the house, you should pay attention to how heat escapes from our house (the percentage of all losses in a normal panel house):

* Walls and doors - 42%

* Ventilation - 30%

* Windows - 16%

* Cellars - 5%

* Roof - 7%

How to keep warm in the house

1. In the morning, open curtains and/or blinds to let sunlight into your home. The glass in the window allows light to pass in but not out. In the house, light accumulates, starting from walls and furniture, and eventually turns into heat.

2. Use thick (dense) curtains at night to keep heat from escaping through windows. Without sunlight, windows become your enemy. Create thick wallpaper to keep the heat from escaping.

* You can use just a thick blanket to which a rod or stick is attached to keep the shape.

Measure your window and find something solid, such as a stiff rod or a strong stick, to which you can then wrap the curtain. You can also use the old rod from the former curtain (if you have one).

* You can also use two pieces thick fabric. There is an instruction for this:

2.1 Prepare two pieces of thick fabric. Lay both pieces of fabric one on top of the other drawing to each other. Secure everything with pins and cut so that you end up with a size a few centimeters larger than the size of the window.

2.2 Sew all layers on three sides. On the last 4th side, sew a third of the entire length from each end (it turns out that one unsewn third will remain in the middle). Use the unsewn part to turn fabrics inside out.

2.3 Insert a pin into the hole and secure it with a stitch, and sew the fabric to the end.

* If the curtains are long and cover the batteries, then attach loops to the bottom edge of the curtains, and sew buttons in the middle of the curtains. So you can string loops on buttons, raising the curtains above the battery.

3. Seal the old window frames to avoid heat leakage. You don't have to spend a lot - inexpensive sealant can be found at any hardware store. It will also take you very little time.

4. If you still have bubble wrap from the products that were wrapped in it, cut off the size you need. It is worth noting that such a film can be purchased separately. Sprinkle some water on the window and lean the film against the window with bubbles - the water will act as glue for the film, and there will be no stains later. So you can reduce heat loss by 50%.

How to make the floor warmer

5. Cover the floors with carpets. There is nothing more unpleasant than being barefoot on a cold floor in the morning. In addition to feeling good, carpets also create an extra layer of insulation that keeps cold air from rising from the floor, which means your feet will thank you.

6. Use a sealing pad (cotton wool or foam rubber, for example) to close any gaps in the windows. After that, paste over the cracks with strips of cotton fabric (the width of each strip is 4-5 cm). This way you won't let the heat escape from the house.

7. It is desirable to have thick, massive doors in the house that will keep you a lot of heat. You can also upholster the old front door with leatherette filled with foam padding.

It is desirable to plaster all cracks with mounting foam. If you decide to install a new door, then see if you can save the old one, because. two entrance doors create an air spacer between them, and it isolates the heat.

How to keep your home warm

8. Attach a sheet of foil behind a radiator and it will reflect heat back into the room with little heat escaping through the wall. It is worth noting that the gap between the foil and the battery must be at least 3 cm.

9. If for one reason or another it is not possible to attach a metal foil screen, try to insulate the house from the outside. Order the insulation of the end wall (as a rule, this is done with special plates).

10. Shower with open door(if possible). The heat and moist air created while bathing will raise the air temperature throughout the house.

11. Dry things at home. As well as bathing with the door open, this method increases the humidity of the air, and you will feel nicer and more comfortable.

Do-it-yourself home insulation

12. Rearrange furniture

Can't afford to insulate the walls outside? Then try rearranging the furniture. For example, put a large closet near the coldest wall. But note that the sofa should not be placed near the battery, because. you will disturb the air exchange.

13. If you have cracked windows, be sure to replace them.

14. If you decide to bake something, leave the kitchen door open so that the heat of the oven and / or stove spreads throughout the house.

15. The last thing you can buy a heater.

How to choose a heater

Before you buy a heater, you should know a few things.

First you need to decide what you need it for. Based on this, it is worth choosing how powerful the heater will be required. Find out the area of \u200b\u200bthe room (room). Ordinary apartment with ceilings of 2.75 - 2.8 m, it needs a heater with a power of at least 1 kW for every 10 sq. m.

A big plus will be the presence of a temperature and power regulator in the heater. There are several types of heaters:

15.1 Oil heater

How does he work:

Inside such a heater there are 2 or 3 heating elements that are used to heat mineral oil. This oil has enough heat boiling and when it is heated, the heat is given off over the entire metal surface of the apparatus.

With the help of such a heater, the air heats up quite quickly, besides oil heater does not dry out the air. It can be equipped with a thermostat that turns off the heater when the temperature reaches the set level.

15.2 Convector

How does he work:

Cold air is passed through the heater and heated, and then exits through the grates located in the upper part of the device. An additional source of heat is the convector body, which also heats up. But it is worth putting the heater away from furniture, because. a warm body can ruin it.

Convectors can be fixed to the wall or put on special legs. The device is quite safe, because. his heating element hidden inside the case. If the convector has a thermostat, then it can work continuously.

The only negative is that the heater heats the room slowly. It should be used to maintain the desired temperature.

15.3 Fan heater

How does he work:

Inside this heater is a thin spiral, which is very hot. The heat created by heating the coil is distributed throughout the room with the help of a fan.

The air in the room heats up quite quickly, besides, the device itself is easy to carry, because. it's pretty light. Typically, a fan heater is used in offices.

But it is worth noting that the device dries the air, which in turn is harmful to health. A heat fan is undesirable to use where there is an asthmatic. Another disadvantage of such a device is the constant noise during its operation.

15.4 Infrared heater (quartz emitter)

How does he work:

This device, unlike others, heats the objects around it, not the air. Further heating of the room occurs due to the heat emanating from the heated floors, walls and furniture. This allows you to save electricity, because. the device itself may not work, and the room continues to be warm.

If savings are in the first place, then it is worth choosing just such a heater. But you should know that infrared quartz emitters are the most expensive and you need a specialist to install them.

Consumption ecology: The heating season has not started yet, but is it already noticeably colder in the house? Or maybe the available heaters are just not enough to heat your home, especially in energy saving mode?

The heating season has not yet begun, but it has already become noticeably colder in the house? Or maybe the available heaters are just not enough to heat your home, especially in energy saving mode? It doesn't matter why you have to chatter your teeth: what matters is that you need to think about how to use heat more rationally.

How warm it will be depends on the house itself and many of its features. You can enjoy the warmth, spending a minimum of heating appliances, or you can heat with might and main, and still not know winter evenings without a sweater.

HOW TO MAKE A HOUSE WARMER WITHOUT HEATERS?

First of all, it is important to insulate the house itself. If you are seriously thinking about saving heat and its rational use, pay attention to the thickness of the walls of your house. If the wall is 40 cm thick, then it is not surprising that you expect winter period with horror: you will have to insulate the walls with foam or other material that has low thermal conductivity. If the house itself becomes a "thermos", then it will not get very hot in the heat, but it will not get cold in the winter frosts either.
The next nuance of the house is the windows. Big windows- that's a lot of daylight. They are also a huge source of heat loss. The modern fashion of "glass" houses and floor-to-ceiling windows has its downside: the incredible fuel costs for heating such a house. Therefore, without insulating windows and eliminating cracks, it will not be easy to keep the heat in the house.

If the windows are wooden, then you have 2 ways: rational, but costly and long, but economical. Following the first path, you once change all the windows to metal-plastic at least three-chamber ones, thereby reducing heat loss by several times and eliminating the very concept of drafts. Unnecessary spaces are simply bricked up. The second way is an annual red tape with window insulation, plugging them with foam rubber, pasting with a film (by the way, a window curtained on both sides with an ordinary polyethylene garden film keeps heat no worse than metal-plastic. Appearance- this is for an amateur), curtaining them with thick curtains.

Make the most of outdoor heat and sunlight. During the day, remove everything from windowsills and windows that prevents light from getting inside. In the evening - curtain the windows with shower curtains or film: it will attract sunlight and heat, and at the same time prevent drafts. Doors, by the way, can also be hung with a film: when you enter the house, less cold air will flow there.

Try to insulate the ceiling of the house, if the house is private: after all, warm air rises, leaving through the attic. Put foam or drywall on the floor of the attic, at worst, an old thick carpet.
Thermally insulate the floor: carpet on the floor will greatly increase the comfort of walking.
Use incandescent lamps for heating: they emit up to 90% of heat during operation, and only 10% goes to glow. Electricity costs will increase, but without a heater, the house will be warmer.
Close rooms you don't use. If the house is two-story, it makes sense to heat only that part of the house that you use, and the largest rooms in terms of area should be closed and curtained altogether.

HOW TO FEEL WARMER IN A HOUSE WITHOUT A HEATER?

If it is still very cold outside, then you can light a fire in the yard. Stones are heated on it (dense in structure, not building bricks), and they are brought into the house. For some time, the stones will give off heat no worse than the stove.
Try to be in small rooms: they are faster to "breathe".
Light candles, if any. Candles give off some of the heat.
Use a hairdryer to dry your hair: warm your clothes and linen with it. You can also heat the bed, but manually: in no case leave the veins covered, otherwise it may catch fire.
Cook food in the oven. Together with delicious dish get a heated kitchen. But dishes that produce a lot of steam when cooked are better not to cook: they increase the humidity in the room.
Dress in multiple layers of clothing. Oddly enough, the proverb “why do I need your jacket if I have 3 bathrobes-ta-ta-ta” makes sense: several light sweaters are warmer than one dense one. Wear slippers and woolen socks: if your feet are warm, it is easier to warm up. In extreme cold, wear a hat: a large percentage of the heat goes through the head.
Sleep in warm fluffy pajamas: it's a thing!
Another thing is a warm down sleeping bag. Hikers successfully use this achievement, and nothing interferes with you: it perfectly warms and retains the heat of your body. By the way, you can’t climb into it very warmly dressed: a downy sleeping bag reliably stores your body heat, which is not released through three sweaters and a jacket.
Put a heating pad in bed: heat water and pour into ordinary plastic bottles. Such a heating pad will perfectly warm the bed. You can also heat a pillow with rice inside in the microwave: it also keeps heat for a long time.
Drink hot drinks: Ginger tea is a great way to warm up.
Let warm pets into the house. A cat in bed or in arms successfully replaces a heating pad.
Hug: the coldest evenings are better spent together than alone! published