Types of opening plastic windows. Types and types of plastic windows

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There are several varieties plastic windows and a large number of models. Often it is because of the variety that the buyer has problems when choosing.

The main types of PVC products

On sale you can find varieties that differ not only in the frame material, shape, color, but also in the properties of the double-glazed window. The frame can be made of PVC, this material is the most common, aluminum or wood is less common.

Radical differences can be in the design. For example, windows differ in the way they open, they can be hinged or sliding, and there are also blind structures that do not open. On sale there are paired, single, separate types. Double-glazed windows can have one or more air chambers filled with air or argon. Another striking difference is the shape of the windows.

Choice of sash, frame

The sash is a movable element. It is set in motion through the use of fittings. Whatever types of plastic windows are installed in the house, at least a few of them must be able to open. This is necessary for regular ventilation of the room.

Thanks to the selected one, it is possible to achieve that the window sash leans back, moves or swings open. Some designs can rotate around a horizontal, less often vertical axis. The sash can open in any direction, which is convenient if you are limited in space or indoor furniture is close to the window.

It does not have this ability. It is devoid of a sash and fittings as a whole. Such a window can be used in conjunction with others that can be ventilated. It is not recommended to put several blind windows in one room without equipping it with opening structures. Plastic models do not allow air to pass through, and it will be stuffy in the room, and condensation may begin to accumulate. For health, it is important that fresh air is regularly supplied to the room.

Different types PVC windows can have different characteristics: for example, structures often have different widths of glass units. When choosing a window, it is worth paying special attention to this criterion. It is not worth overpaying for too thick double-glazed windows if you live in a relatively mild climate and quiet place; if there is a serious minus on the street or the windows face a noisy highway, you should think about installing the thickest double-glazed window. It should be noted that the glass itself can be ordinary, tempered or armored. These parameters affect its strength and resistance to mechanical damage.

PVC windows, the types of which are the most diverse, can be a universal solution for any room.

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To understand the huge range of offered plastic profiles and choose the best, you need to familiarize yourself with the classification into types of plastic windows according to certain criteria.

Modern plastic windows are distinguished by a huge variety of configurations and color options.

It is no longer possible to imagine new houses under construction without plastic profiles in various variations, because they have taken their stable place in the goods market due to their qualities. This information will be useful both to people who do not know what windows distinguish today, and to owners who no longer meet the requirements of modern society.

So, if you decide to purchase a profile for your apartment, then you need to get acquainted with their varieties.

And it’s also worth deciding on your choice before calling the manager who will help you with resolving questions about the number of shutters, cameras and parameters of a future purchase.

Profile classification

The most convenient variant of the tricuspid one in operation is the two extreme opening sashes.

There are the following types used in ordinary apartments:

• with one sash (single-sash);
• with two wings (double-leaf);
• with three doors (three-leaf).

If the profile type is single-leaf, then it is usually made with an opening function. Double-leaf can be made in two variations (depending on the customer's desire): one leaf opens or both open. The following combinations are feasible in a three-leaf one: an opening sash - one, usually located on the edge; the second and most convenient option in operation - two extreme opening doors; Another option is possible when all three wings can be opened, but this is not practical. It should be remembered that the fewer opening doors, the cheaper the installation will be (and vice versa).

Door opening method

There are the following types of plastic:

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plastic may have various ways openings: A) Rotary - the most common type. The sash opens inwards. B) Folding transoms - the sash leans inward. C) Tilt and turn window - this type is very convenient to use and allows you to open the sash in two planes, which provides a greater variability of ventilation modes. D) Deaf - this does not open and is used, as a rule, in blocks when an approach is provided with outside.

1. Deaf. This is not able to open and has, as a rule, one leaf. Due to the low cost, ease of design in manufacture and installation, this type of profile has become widespread. Deaf ones are usually installed on the ground floor in a multi-storey building, in the wall between the balcony and the room, and also when the opening is small and the opening of the sash is unprincipled. The main disadvantage of this type is the inability to clean the outside while in the room, to ventilate the air.
2. With swivel opening. This view is also simple. Its essence lies in the fact that one side is hinged. To open the window, you just need to pull the handle, and it will open with a rotation around the fixed axis. Opens on itself, inside the room. This principle is already familiar to you, it is used in all old wooden windows. Such species have advantages over deaf ones. In this case, you can get to the outside, clean from dust, precipitation and dirt. Another plus of this profile is that you can freely ventilate the room.
3. With fanlight opening method. Another name for this type is folding plastic. This principle works like a window when the plane is rotated horizontally (this is the main difference from the previous view). The tilt-and-turn mechanism of the profile is difficult to manufacture, but it is the most convenient and in demand on the market of plastic profiles. The sashes can either go up or down.
4. Combined method. This method involves a combination of the possibility of a rotary opening of the profile sash and a tilt-and-turn mechanism. Thus, depending on the desired result, you can open the window with a full turn or use a transom. To implement this combination, the manufacturer sets the possibility of turning the handle in different directions. So, if you need to open it with a rotary vertical mechanism, then the handle is turned to a horizontal position and pulled towards you. In order to tilt the window, the handle is turned up to a vertical position and slightly lowered towards itself.

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These are very handy when you need to ventilate the room. A window formed by a gap in folding mechanism, serves for admission fresh air in a small amount. This is convenient in winter or during the cold season, when opening the window wide is fraught with freezing, and a cool fresh air supply is necessary. Similarly, in hot weather, it is better to use a rotary mechanism for ventilation.

Number of cameras

The simplest double-glazed windows are single-chamber. These fit well into the interior. country house. In urban areas, where more serious noise protection is needed, it is advisable to choose a plastic window with double-glazed windows, in which there are 2-3 cameras.

The number of chambers in a double-glazed window determines its heat-insulating and noise-insulating properties. Distinguish:

• Single chamber. The presence of two glasses separated by one gap.
• Two-chamber. The presence of three panes separated by two corresponding gaps.
• Three-chamber, etc.

Most often, firms that provide services for the selection and installation of plastic windows offer to limit themselves to two- or three-chamber ones. Although even a two-chamber reliably protects against frost middle lane Russia. Of course, for colder climates, such as northern regions, you should set the profile with big amount cameras. Accordingly, the more chambers, the stronger the effect of thermal insulation.

difference in shape

Plastic is characterized by flexibility, so with the help of a special technology it can be given a different shape.

The choice of variety for this property depends on taste preferences and on the design features of the wall in which it is mounted. So, it can be conditionally divided into windows:

• rectangular profile. This is the most popular type that is built into residential and office buildings. They are also the cheapest option among their counterparts;
• trapezoidal profile;
• triangular profile;
• arched profile and other possible options of greater complexity, made to order.

To increase safety, you can install a double-glazed window with impact-resistant glass. When broken, the glass shatters into many small rounded fragments that do not have sharp edges.

Plastic windows are designs that are distinguished by a large variety of species. They may differ in shape characteristics, number of wings, sizes, opening and closing methods, varieties double-glazed windows and other parameters.

The correct name of modern plastic windows

Types of windows are very diverse, this is due to the ever-increasing interest in PVC structures from the population. To date, very often wooden structures are replaced with plastic ones, increasing the level of tightness, heat and sound insulation of the apartment.

Many are confused in terms, not understanding which systems should be attributed to PVC, which to plastic or metal-plastic. There is a difference between the concepts, because those structures that are now widespread should be called metal-plastic.

This is due to the fact that to create such systems, they use:

• polyvinyl chloride;
• metal for the frame;
• glass.

The use of a metal profile became a necessity, because the first PVC systems were not very durable and reliable. Modern models can be used even at high altitudes, they perfectly withstand wind loads, as well as heat and frost.

The main types of PVC products

Different types window frames differ in the material from which they are made, shape, color. For the frame, wood or aluminum is most often used.

By design features, window groups are divided according to the method of opening:

• swing;
• folding;
• sliding;
• deaf.

By the number of wings, there can be 1,2,3-leaf. Double-glazed windows come with one or more chambers that are filled with air or argon.

Having specified what types of such structures are, their main elements should be considered:

• frame, sash: made of PVC. The first is the basis, the second is the part that opens;
• double-glazed window: an element representing several glasses fastened to each other. This design is sealed, has dividers inside;
• fittings: mechanisms that work to open, close sashes, fix a certain position of the entire system.

PVC structures have a number of undeniable advantages:

• tightness;
• soundproofing;
• thermal insulation;
• affordable cost;
• durability;
• variety of types, sizes, designs.

The main difference between materials

When planning to order a window block, it is very important to first select the material from which the frame will be made. Each material has its own advantages and disadvantages.

The tree has the following advantages:

• the possibility of multiple staining;
• high environmental friendliness;
• good heat retention.

Disadvantages of wood:

• high cost (the design, which will isolate heat and noise at a high level, is prepared from a solid array, requires a double-glazed window);
• sensitivity to fire;
• the likelihood of drying out or damage by moisture, the occurrence of mold;
• requirement for constant care.

Aluminum has the following advantages:

• low price;
• light weight;
• the possibility of staining.

At the same time, metal frames are characterized by a low level of heat retention, they quickly let the cold into the room.

As for double-glazed windows, for a living space, double or triple glazing is optimal. It is so easy to achieve the desired level of sound and heat insulation.

Classification and varieties

What are the windows in houses? All systems are different from one another. For high level comfort, consider the following factors:

• size;
• package thickness;
• the form;
• appearance;
• location.

When small windows are installed in the room, there will be very little light inside, which will reduce the comfort of being. Large double-glazed windows, on the contrary, will expand the space and become an excellent decor. On the other hand, they will lead to significant heat loss, in addition, they will reduce the privacy of the room. This will require additional purchase of thick curtains.

Important! The norm is considered to be the transmission capacity of sunlight by 13%, while the optimal value is considered to be 50%.

Number of sashes at the window

What windows are by the number of shutters? Modern window blocks may have one to three wings. Separately, balcony systems are distinguished, where the wings are connected to the doors.

Single sash plastic windows

This option is considered the most economical, as a rule, the sash opens. Rarely, she remains completely deaf. IN Soviet years, almost all houses were equipped with just such structures.

Today there are fewer such systems, more often they are used in rooms of a small area, garden houses. This is due to the fact that it is unlikely that it will be possible to provide comfortable living conditions in this way.

Double sided plastic windows

These products are equipped with two doors, they are universal, have a lot of positive properties, including an affordable pricing policy.

Sometimes, the first sash remains deaf, the second is equipped with fittings for opening. Sometimes both halves open. These structures are used almost everywhere, in residential buildings, private suburban buildings, high-rise buildings and low-rise buildings.

Three-leaf plastic windows

Such a system, as the name implies, is equipped with three wings at once. As a rule, they are placed in rooms with a large space: halls, living rooms, dining rooms. This design is ideal for tall windows.

Opening doors are usually placed along the edges, leaving the middle muffled. Sometimes all doors open, this equipment option has the highest cost.

Type of window opening

The next classification is the division according to the type of opening. The fittings that are used in such devices are necessary to ensure the opening of the valves. It is she (or rather, her quantity) that has a significant impact on the final price of the block.

Most often, customers prefer to save money by installing fewer opening doors than they would like, and it was convenient. Following this path, do not forget that a lot depends on the quality of the fittings. Therefore, you need to save on the number of such elements, but not on their quality indicators.

Blind plastic windows

Deaf structures are cheap, but they also deliver maximum inconvenience during operation. For example, they create difficulties with washing, because it is sometimes simply impossible to get to their outer side. However, it is this system that is the most reliable, easy to manufacture, and also has no mechanisms that can fail and require replacement.

Such blocks are chosen for the first floors to prevent burglary, on balconies and other places where caring for them is not difficult.

Swivel plastic windows

What are the types of structures equipped with an opening mechanism? First of all, you should consider rotary systems. They are used most often, the sash opens, which makes it easy to clean it from both sides, ventilate the room.

Here, one should take into account the fact that a fully open sash will let a lot of cold air into the house (in winter period), which will immediately cool the room.

Another significant disadvantage of the swivel mechanism is the inability to fully use the useful space of the window sill. Because to open the window, you will need to constantly move all the objects on it.

Tilt and turn plastic windows

Windows, the types of which are equipped with a tilt-and-turn device, are installed most often. Such a system is very convenient, it allows you to:

• tilt the sash without affecting the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe window sill. At the same time, the flow of fresh air will not be too intense, which will allow you to keep the window ajar even at night. For this purpose, there is a micro-ventilation function;
• open the door completely to quickly ventilate the room or freshen the air in summer, wash the glass surface on both sides.

transoms

This type of opening is less common, it is mounted where the opening of a full sash is not required, only periodic ventilation is sufficient. The window, at the same time, only leans back, up or down.

The design has an analogue among pre-existing wood structures, where there were windows of impressive size. Today, transoms are not too expensive, but are rarely used, most often in office space.

Sliding plastic windows

Sliding structures are most often mounted on balconies, loggias, verandas, terraces, in a word, where there is a direct exit to the outside. This mechanism becomes an excellent outlet for small areas, because open window takes up absolutely no space.

The sliding structure works like this:

• the sash opens by moving to the right or left (or both directions);
• the part slides along the guides installed on the bottom of the frame;
• glass slides strictly in the window plane, without going beyond it.

According to the shape of the window opening

Varieties of such systems in the shape of the opening can be completely different. PVC is a material that easily takes a variety of forms, which is actively used by designers and architects.

Exquisite designs allow you to perfectly emphasize the overall style of the building, to give the missing touch of decor.

It can take the following forms:

• rectangular;
• square;
• round;
• triangular;
• trapezoid;
• oval and others.

Standard multi-storey buildings are equipped only with square and rectangular blocks, the rest are often used in suburban private buildings.

Triangular plastic windows

There are different types of windows. Triangular often mounted on upper floors low houses, decorate attic, attic rooms. The triangular block fits perfectly into buildings with a pointed roof, giving them a complete look.

Sometimes such forms are required for the full implementation of the design of houses according to the high-tech style, or modern classics.

When choosing such a form, it should be remembered that a lot of materials will be required for its manufacture, sometimes even more than for a standard design. Therefore, the cost of the block will be higher.

Rectangular plastic windows

The rectangular shape is the most common, it has a lot of advantages:

• universality;
• minimum consumption of materials;
• acceptable price;
• ubiquitous application;
• ease of maintenance, installation and implementation repair work, which is associated with the use of standard fittings.

Round plastic windows

Round windows are not as common as, for example, rectangular ones. However, their use almost always guarantees an excellent result, original in its architectural, design idea.

Install such windows that look like portholes in bathrooms, skylights both in apartments and hotels.

Such models practically do not differ in cost from standard ones; a large amount of material is not required for manufacturing. This indicates that similar designs, over time, they will increasingly frame window openings. This is especially true for private houses, where architectural thought has complete freedom.

Arched plastic windows

PVC arches are semicircular structures that describe an arc of a certain radius. To simplify, arched systems can be called halves of a whole round window.

Such configurations are often used for glazing buildings of religious significance. For instance, Orthodox churches equipped with semicircular, Gothic - lancet varieties.

The cost of such blocks does not differ in height, so they are often used to equip cottages, low houses located in the private sector.

Trapezoidal plastic windows

Trapezoidal PVC systems are used almost everywhere. They fit perfectly into rooms of different styles, combined with all sorts of design solutions. Such designs are able to fit well into any interior and exterior of buildings.

Trapeze on the facade can give a touch of sophistication, originality and chic to any home. Especially often they are used for installation on gable buildings. Here, such solutions allow you to visually enlarge the space, contribute to the penetration of a large amount of natural light inside.

Plastic windows appeared on the construction market more than half a century ago. During this time, they have undergone many changes, and today they are distinguished by a variety of species. Many models different shapes and colors that manufacturers offer to the consumer, partly make it difficult for them to choose. What to focus on when choosing PVC windows?

Any type of PVC window has two mandatory elements:

• double-glazed window, consisting of several glasses, the inter-glass space of which is sealed along the perimeter of the contour;
• plastic profile (frame), which is a fixed part of the window structure. It is installed in the window opening.

Varieties of plastic windows by type of profile

The plastic profile has a complex design. On the section of this structural element, compartments with small chambers are clearly visible, which are filled with air, which allows you to save heat.

The frame walls are formed by pressing molten polyvinyl chloride, to which modifiers and stabilizers are added. As a result, polyvinyl chloride acquires new qualities: strength to mechanical stress, chemical inertness, incombustibility, UV resistance.

The frame is chosen based on the features climate zone where the plastic structure will be used, as well as some other features, for example, the type of house, the level of thermal insulation and sound absorption.

The main indicators that are guided by when choosing a profile are its width and the number of air chambers.

Profile types

Frames are divided into three classes:

• "BUT" - salient feature: thickened outer wall, at least 3 mm.
• "B" - represents an object or lightweight profile. The minimum thickness at the front wall is 2.5 mm. And finally
• "C" - has an irregular thickness.

The plastic profile can be normal or frost-resistant. For regions with an average monthly January temperature lower than -20 ° C, the profile marking must additionally contain the letter “M”.

Thermal insulation is affected by the number of air chambers inside.

From the outside, the PVC window profile looks monolithic. However, if you look at it in section, then you can easily find hollow chambers, from 2 to 8 pieces. They play the role of a kind of heat insulators. The greater the number of hollow chambers, the lower the thermal conductivity of the window block. There are profiles:

• Two-chamber. This is perhaps the most unclaimed option, as it has low thermal insulation characteristics and does not meet rigidity standards;
• Three-chamber - a universal "budget" option that works both when glazing a balcony and when decorating window openings. This perfect solution for the southern regions;
• Four- and five-chamber - intended for use in regions with seasonal sub-zero temperatures, for example, for central Russia. Usually they use double-glazed windows;
• Six- and seven-chamber - the most "warm" type. It is used, for example, for glazing French windows or extensive verandas. For the northern regions, the profile construct is chosen with an influx. It will protect the porch and seal from precipitation. The front wall should have a thickness starting from 3 mm.

PVC profile reinforcement

The strength of the frame depends on the type of reinforcement of the central chamber. There are several amplification techniques:

• L-shaped, installed on two walls of the frame,
• U-shaped - in three,
• closed - around the perimeter.

With a window height of less than 1.9 m, you can limit yourself to U-shaped reinforcement, and not overpay extra for additional reinforcement.

For reference!

Profile sealing is also important. The recommended number of seals is two. Then it is possible to exclude the deposition of condensate, due to which the insulation deteriorates and, as a result, a draft is formed. This is the most common problem faced by consumers.

Varieties of plastic windows depending on the type of double-glazed window

When glazing plastic windows, complex structures are used, consisting of 2-4 sheets of glass, which are fixed with a given step. On the outer part of the structure are sealed. The formed inter-glass cavities are called chambers.

Double-glazed windows in accordance with the number of sheets are divided into: one-, two- and three-chamber. Therefore, speaking about window cameras, it is necessary to clarify which cameras are in question - profile or in double-glazed windows.

• In a single-chamber double-glazed window, the distance between two sheets varies between 1.4–3.2 cm. The cavity between the sheets is closed along all sides of the chamber with a spacer. This is a strip of metal that separates the panes and keeps them at a calculated distance. If you look in the section, you can clearly see that in fact the spacer frame is a "P"-shaped profile. Its open side should be directed inside the frame.

There are small holes on the bottom of the frame. Through them, the chamber is connected to a sealed volume located inside the frame, where the absorbent is filled. The moisture absorber almost completely removes it from the chamber. As a result, no matter what the temperature outside, the window structure will not fog up.

However, single-chamber packages are not so in demand today. They are mainly installed in stores that are unheated or industrial premises, as well as other similar ones.

• Two-chamber. For residential buildings, double-glazed windows of a more complex design are suitable - two-chamber. They are slightly heavier than single-chamber ones, but the efficiency of noise and heat insulation is almost twice as high. And this despite the fact that the indicators of light transmission in both cases are approximately the same, and the cost of a double-glazed window is only slightly higher.
• Three-chamber. It is worth weighing well before buying such a double-glazed window: it is heavier than a two-chamber one, and reducing the width of the distance frame does not particularly contribute to an increase in the level of heat and sound insulation.

The characteristics of double-glazed windows are largely determined by the properties of glass.

• Heat-saving. At the factory, a metallized film invisible to the eye is sprayed onto the glass. Glass is absolutely transparent, because. it transmits rays of the visible spectrum. But heat rays reflect, therefore, heat does not penetrate through such a double-glazed window in summer, and on cold days it retains heat.

• Toned. Usually, glass coloring is one of the stages of the production process: metal oxides or other chemical compounds are added to the mixture. This in no way affects the transparency of the block, but completely changes their appearance.

• Impact resistant. Ordinary float glass in them is replaced by tempered or triplex, which are just as transparent, but much stronger. This perfect solution for windows on the lower floors, because it perfectly protects the window from acts of vandalism, accidental or intentional.

Glasses are absolutely safe: breaking, pieces of glass either remain on a durable film of polymers, or crumble without sharp edges.

• Noise-proof. To achieve the desired effect, several technologies are usually used, for example, the deposition of thin films or the filling of chambers with inert gases, which are reflected from the resulting intermediate surfaces, reflect sound vibrations and actively damp them. The level of their noise reduction is about 20% higher.