The roof of a private house - types of construction, the best design ideas and modern forms (75 photos). TeamLit slate tiles Modern fiber cement tiles: its composition and characteristics

Roof construction is an important stage in the construction of a private house. It protects residents from the sun, cold, precipitation and other surprises of nature. When drawing up a project, it is necessary to take into account the features climate zone. Its second function is aesthetic.

Who doesn't want to live in beautiful house? A spectacular roof can become the highlight of the whole building and even a local landmark.

Roof types

The choice of roof type is significantly influenced by the climate.

A flat solution is appropriate in areas with a minimum of annual rainfall. The absence or minimal (no more than 3º) slope in areas with a large number of them will lead to the accumulation of water on the roof. Subsequently, it may begin to leak.

A pitched structure is more suitable for our latitudes. The angle of inclination depends on the amount of precipitation, usually at least 10º. In a private house, the roof device often involves several slopes.

The architecture of the house may include an attic. In this case, the roof is separated from the residential part attic floor. The roofless roof is at the same time the ceiling of the upper floor.

When drawing up a roof project, you need to decide how to use the space under it. The appropriate shape and design depends on whether it is planned to place a living room or a pantry on it.

shed roof inclined to one side at an angle of 20-30º. The slope should be located towards the winds. An excellent choice for a house with walls of different heights. This simple design effectively uses the area, simplifies the installation of the chimney and the subsequent completion of the floors.

Of the shortcomings, one can single out not the most interesting view. An unusual approach (a combination of slopes at different levels, the use of metal tiles) will achieve an attractive result.

A fairly common option in our latitudes is a gable roof. The angle of inclination varies between 25-45º, the exact value depends on the amount of precipitation in the region.

The slope should contribute to its natural purification from snow and water. This design is suitable for attic equipment, quickly and inexpensively mounted, opens wide opportunities for design.

The four-pitched hip roof looks original, protects the facade from precipitation and is not afraid of strong winds. Under it, you can equip an attic or attic, but their area will be less than in the gable version. The disadvantage of the design is the complexity and laboriousness of construction.

The original semi-hip roof combines the last two types. It has a trapezoidal pediment, due to which it is resistant to the vagaries of the weather. May have two or four slopes. Behind the spectacular appearance hides the complexity of installation and roofing.

The tent is a kind of tent or pyramid in the form of four triangular slopes. Accordingly, the house should have the shape of a rectangle or square. good option coatings will be metal or slate.

The multi-gable roof has an attractive appearance and is suitable for houses of non-standard architecture with extensions. The complexity of the design, including many slopes and angles with different slopes, makes its installation accessible only to an experienced craftsman.

A beautiful and unusual domed or conical roof will suit a round or multifaceted structure. The robust and earthquake-resistant design is not afraid of surprises presented by the weather.

The main disadvantages are the impossibility of organizing an attic and the extreme complexity of installation. Rarely used in private homes.

Roof types can be combined. The architect has ample opportunities to create a functional and aesthetic option. The reverse side of the coin - the construction, design and maintenance are fraught with considerable difficulties.

The architecture of the house also plays its role in choosing the shape of the roof: for example, to a building in classical style more suitable gable or multi-gable. Photos of the roofs of private houses will help you make a choice.

Mansard roofs

In private houses, an attic or attic is often equipped. This decision is justified by a number of obtained advantages. Perhaps the most important of them is the additional area without the construction of a full-fledged floor.

A well-organized attic ventilation and thermal insulation system will improve the microclimate of the house. With the right approach, even the space between the roof and the walls of the attic can be effectively used. Windows built into the roof provide maximum natural light to the room.

Before starting work, make sure that bearing walls and the foundation will withstand new loads.

The angle of inclination of the attic roof is usually 45-60º (the upper part can be at an angle of 25-35º).

Material selection

The traditional roofing material is slate (asbestos-cement corrugated sheets). With reliability and cheapness, it remains quite heavy. A suitable roof slope for its use is 13-60º.

Not suitable for flat roofs, since the ingress of precipitation into the cracks will lead to a decrease in the service life. Bituminous slate is used starting from a 5º slope. The pitch of the crate depends on the angle: if it is less than 10º, a continuous flooring is required.

Ondulin, similar to slate, does not have the most presentable appearance. Suitable for outbuildings, can also be used in the repair of the roof of a private house. The harm to its merits is strength and durability.

Practical, inexpensive, lightweight metal profile will be a good alternative to slate. You can choose the cover of your favorite color.

Roofing material is more often used to provide thermal insulation, rather than a full-fledged coating. It is a soft black material.

The tile possesses high decorative qualities, reliable and easy. Produced by the most different colors. The high cost of the roof can push away from the choice in her favor. A suitable slope for ceramic tiles is 30-60º. If it is less than 25º, care must be taken to increase ventilation and waterproofing.

Perhaps the most popular roof of a private house can be called a metal tile. It can be used starting with a 15º slope.

Bituminous tiles will repeat the surface of any curvature, so it will become good choice for an unusual roof (for example, domed). The minimum tilt angle is 12º.

Photos of roofs of private houses

slate tiles TeamLit

TeamLit slate tiles – New Product Timlyuisky plant d for those homeowners who want to enhance the aesthetic appeal of their roof and appreciates the advantages of traditional slate, such as durability, fire safety, sound insulation, affordability. All this combines shingles TeamLit.

. This roofing material is made, like ordinary slate, from cement and chrysotile fiber in the usual form of corrugated sheets.

According to its operational characteristics, the material surpasses the time-tested slate.

The know-how in the selection of fibers made it possible to increase the strength characteristics of the sheet by almost 20 percent.

The fundamental difference is in the color of the sheets. The texture of this material resembles the texture of natural Mediterranean tiles laid on the roof. But at the same time new material spared from the shortcomings of the latter - many times increased weight and poor frost resistance. And with so many options color solutions the slate tile will be able to satisfy the most exacting buyer.

The main advantages of a roof made of slate tiles:
· Environmental friendliness. The composition of the roofing material includes components of natural origin that are safe for humans.
· Color fastness. Thanks to special technology the color of the roof does not change the factory color during the TOTAL life cycle product: 30-40 years.
· An important advantage of the material is the fire resistance of slate tiles: the roof belongs to the lowest class of combustibility.
· Ease of installation. The roofing device is carried out similarly to the installation of conventional corrugated slate sheets.
· As an additional advantage, one can single out the resistance of modern cement-based roofing to the formation of various microorganisms and mold on its surface.
· Durability. The service life of slate tiles, like ordinary slate, is 30 years, but, depending on the conditions, it can last more than 50 years.

These and many other benefits of slate roofing are similar to those ofconventional slate roof.
But its main advantage is that by installing a roof made of slate tiles, you get a respectable, beautiful and aesthetic roof that allows you to realize the most incredible design ideas.

VIDEO ABOUT THE NEW PRODUCTS OF THE TIMLYUISKY PLANT - TEAMLIT SLATE TILES
The video tells about the advantages and disadvantages of slate tiles, as well as the basic rules for its installation.

Storage conditions

TeamLit slate tiles, like any cement product, may contain water-soluble calcium salts, which, coming to the surface, interact with carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, forming after some time (several days) already insoluble salts, the so-called efflorescence. Such efflorescences form when salts are not washed off the surface. For example, when the sheets are in a pack without packaging, in open areas. Therefore, we recommend that the sheets of slate tiles be in undamaged original packaging before installation. Even better - under a canopy. For the same reason, it is not recommended to use slate tiles on low-slope roofs - up to 30 degrees. On sheets of slate tiles mounted on the roof, salts will be washed off, and efflorescence will not form!

Consider a relatively new roofing material based on fiber cement, its characteristics and advantages relative to the well-known slate.

Is asbestos in slate dangerous to health?

Many residents of our country want to live in a building built from environmentally friendly and harmless to human health building materials. However, most people living in a house under a roof made of ordinary slate probably do not even realize how dangerous this roofing material is! After all, it is made from asbestos, which, although it is a natural substance, is extremely dangerous for the human respiratory system, as it contains a large amount of flexible thin fibers.

Getting into these organs, these fibers can cause such terrible diseases as asbestosis (causing lung atrophy) and even lung cancer! These diseases are deadly for humanity, which is why this substance has been banned in all civilized countries for hundreds of years. Asbestos is also banned in the construction industry. But until recently, under Soviet rule, both residential and public buildings containing a harmful substance were built. This was due to the fact that the specified material is durable, does not burn and has a low cost.

It was because of asbestos, which is part of the materials of residential buildings, that during the late USSR, oncological diseases were widespread. Now, in the countries of the former Soviet camp, the use of only one type of asbestos is allowed - chrysotile, or white asbestos. Getting into human organs breath, chrysotile fibers are completely destroyed, so that white asbestos does not cause any harm to a person.

The modern construction industry produces various products from chrysotile:

• foam concrete;
• Flat sheets for installing fences and partitions;
• Facade tiles for finishing various buildings;
• Mixes of asphalt and concrete;
• Various putties, sealants and mastics;
• Fire resistant fabric, etc.

Specified Construction Materials have no danger at all, because the chrysotile fibers in them are mixed with substances such as bitumen, oil, polymers, resin, gypsum, rubber and cement. Given the comparative safety of this material for construction, the demand for asbestos is constantly decreasing. In this case, the following fact should be taken into account: the use of chrysotile in European countries has been banned since 2005.

Modern fiber cement tiles: its composition and characteristics

However, there is a good alternative to slate - fiber cement tiles. And although outwardly it looks like slate, such a roof is environmentally friendly. As in the production of slate, the composition of the fiber tile includes cement, and in addition to it, PVA fibers, cellulose, water and limestone. But the main advantage of this roof is the absence of asbestos in it. From these substances, an interesting composite material called fiber cement, from which roof tiles are then made, as well as roof details such as abutment strips, side wind strips, external ridge caps and ridge elements. According to its operational characteristics, the material is in no way inferior to the time-tested slate.

An aesthetic solution for ridge battens. Photo: www.eternitbaltic.ru

The texture of this material resembles a texture natural wood. So, unlike a slate roof, a fiber cement one will look much more interesting. The specified roofing material is produced in the usual form of corrugated sheets, like ordinary slate from cement and asbestos. Plus, the roof has several colors (about 7 colors), types of sizes and shapes.

Currently, fiber cement roofing is produced not only in the popular wavy shape, but also in the form of individual tiles resembling natural slate. So it will not be difficult to build a roof of various configurations with a pretty color.

Corrugated sheets are produced in various lengths and widths. Like slate, the width of a fiber tile sheet is determined by the number of waves: usually 5 or 8. The weight of a tile with a thickness of 6 mm is about 13-14 kg / m².

Fiber cement shingles are easily cut with any cutting tool. hand tool. The roof is fixed on the crate with the help of special self-tapping screws 6x100 mm, reminiscent of roofing fasteners for metal tiles and corrugated board. Galvanized screws are threaded for easy screwing without damaging the sheet and rubber gasket for maximum tightness of the screw and the roof. The specified material is not expensive at its price, all work can be done independently.

fiber cement roofing manufacturers

Fiber cement tile products went on sale back in 1997, this happened in Belgium (Eternit brand). The first buyers of tiles were very wary of the new roofing material, since at that time it was not yet known how the specified building material would behave during normal daily use, and even in difficult climate conditions. However, fiber tile has proven its unpretentiousness, reliability, durability and endurance, having undergone many years of testing the humidity that is in the Belgian air. all year round, as well as snowy winters with frequent thaws.

In addition, fiber cement is remarkable in that it is resistant to negative influence fungi and pests. OHSAS 18001, ISO 9001 and ISO 14001 certifications ensure that fiber cement roof tiles are environmentally friendly. The Latvian roofing manufacturer Eternit Baltic is ready to give a 30-year warranty on its products. However, according to the bold statements of the manufacturer of this tile, its service life at proper care is up to 50 years.

Fiber cement tiles are also produced in Latvia. The plant in the Latvian city produces the Easyton material used for the construction of roofs of residential buildings.

Advantages of fiber cement tiles

Summarizing the above, we can highlight the main advantages of fiber cement roofing:

1. Environmental friendliness. The composition of the roofing material includes substances that are safe for humans. In addition, in the production of corrugated sheets, all waste is used for the subsequent production of building material.
2. The resistance of the color coating to UV radiation. Thanks to a special technology of double coloring, the roof does not change its factory color for a long time.
3. An important advantage of the material is the fire resistance of fiber cement tiles: the roof belongs to the lowest flammability class (A1).
4. The roofing material is resistant to atmospheric phenomena: wind, rain, snow, hail.
5. Vapor-permeable (by analogy with diffusion membranes) properties of the material protect it from the formation of condensate on inside tiles. This plus applies not only to the roof, but also to wooden structure roofs. The less moisture, the longer the rafter system and crate will last.
6. Ease of installation. The roofing device is carried out similarly to the installation of corrugated slate sheets. In addition, fiber cement tiles have a wide range of accessories for convenient and reliable laying of material on the roof.
7. The low cost of the roof allows it to compete with both metal materials, and bituminous (euro-slate and flexible tiles).

As an additional advantage, one can single out the resistance of modern cement-based roofing to the formation of various microorganisms and mold on its surface. When properly installed, fiber cement tiles have good mechanical properties, maintaining the invariance of the form, and therefore its tightness, throughout the entire period of operation.

By installing a fiber tile roof, the owner of a private house will receive a safe, respectable, beautiful, durable roof.

Owners of private houses and cottages sooner or later face the choice of roofing materials. Slate or metal tile - a choice is often made between them. However, what is really better - a material that has been tested by time and generations, or a modern coating that is rapidly capturing the market?

The roof of my house is a classic slate

The statistics of the construction market are relentless - once popular for lack of special alternatives, slate is now produced in very small quantities. It is being replaced by metal tiles, ondulin, soft bituminous coatings and other proposals that look more attractive and last a long time. But still, do not rush to cross out slate from the possible roofing options. First you need to find out what advantages and disadvantages it has.

One of the important advantages of slate is its low cost. If we talk about less important objects like a utility room for tools or a shed for animals, then to this day they are mostly covered with slate precisely because of the attractive price. It is quite easy to work with slate - it withstands a person well on itself, so craftsmen can move freely enough on the roof.

Generations of summer residents were able to verify the durability of slate - those who are older have samples of 30 years ago that once protected the roof of the house, then migrated to the bathhouse, from the bathhouse to the barn, and now enclose the site or rest in storerooms. By the way, slate is very well stored - if you provide normal humidity, it can lie for decades and not lose your qualities. Knowing this, many bought the material with a margin and, by the way, they were right - compared to the prices of 10 years ago, today even inexpensive slate has risen in price several times.

Another advantage of slate is fire resistance. For cities or villages with a high building density, this quality is very important, which today, by the way, many are no longer aware of. The material is not afraid of ultraviolet rays, it does not heat up in the sun, so even on hot summer days in houses with a slate roof it is much cooler than in those covered with metal tiles. During a thunderstorm, it does not create noise and is not a magnet for lightning. In combination with fire safety, these qualities look very significant. Slate is not afraid of frost, it does not rot and is resistant to corrosion. Roof repairs are easy to carry out - you only need to replace the failed elements.

Slate coating is produced in four versions:

• Wavy slate, ordinary profile - the most common slate for 5, 7 or 8 waves. Most often there are 7 and 8 wave options, which differ only in width. The length of the sheets is 1.75 meters.
• Wavy slate, reinforced profile - differs from ordinary slate in significantly larger dimensions. In residential construction, it is practically not used, due to the inconvenience of working with large dimensions, the profile of this type of roof is industrial enterprises and warehouses.
• A unified wavy profile is a cross between ordinary and reinforced. Its use in residential construction is beneficial in that for a relatively small inconvenience in work, the owner receives a roof with fewer joints - 1.5-2 times.
• - absolutely flat sheets, which are convenient to use in creating an inexpensive and fairly strong fence.

Slate also has a number of disadvantages, in particular, it is quite fragile, which complicates transportation and installation. In shady and wet areas, it quickly overgrows with moss, and also loses over time. waterproofing properties. One of its main shortcomings is big weight. An ordinary seven-wave sheet weighs about 21 kg.

Slate can hardly be called a beautiful roofing material, although today there are options with pre-painting. You can paint old sheets yourself. By the way, special primers prevent overgrowing with moss, and paint enhances waterproofing, and hence the durability of the material. Therefore, painting slate is not only recommended, but necessary.

Slate safety - dots over i

Let's dot the "i" on the issue of the safety of classic asbestos-cement slate. Yes, indeed, since 2005 this material has been banned for production in the countries of the European Union, and the use of asbestos is strictly controlled. It was asbestos that caused a wave of noise - they say, a dangerous mineral that can cause lung cancer.

This mineral is also popularly called mountain flax, since its particles look like fibers. By the way, it has been mined for about 300 years. Once in the lungs, it can cause chronic bronchitis and cause scarring in the lung tissue. That is, a person must inhale this dust, which is unreasonably applicable to any dust, not even asbestos.

However, asbestos carries such a danger only in the form of a powder mineral. In a bound form, in which it resides in slate and other products, it is no more dangerous. Therefore, arguments like "Millions of people suffer daily from exposure to asbestos" can be classified as "People die from exposure to solar radiation." In general, life is a bad thing.

What you should not do is carelessly treat construction debris and slate fragments. For example, you should not fill them with holes on the roads, even with the best of intentions. Over time, machines will break them into small particles, which form dangerous dust. It is best to bury such garbage.

Metal tile or slate - which is better?

Currently, about 70% of sales of roofing materials are accounted for by metal tiles. The remaining 30% is divided mainly by soft types of roofing and tiles, leaving slate far behind. In many ways, metal roofing is superior. The material compared to other modern coatings is very durable, beautiful, reliable. This type of roof is produced from profiled sheets of thin steel coated with a thin layer of polymers.

Moss does not grow on the metal tile, and it does not sag even under the constant influence of moisture.

The light weight of the metal tile, perhaps, will serve as a starting impetus for the spread of this material. Indeed, for a metal tile there is no need to create a massive truss system, which automatically reduces the load on the walls and foundation, so this option is ideal for houses with a not very strong or shallow foundation.

The metal tile is not afraid of either cold or heat. It withstands significant mechanical stress - it can be bent, but it cannot be broken. She does not care even the strongest hail. A variety of colors and textures, as well as the ease of cutting small elements, allows you to realize any architectural design.

Of the shortcomings of the metal tile, there is one that is very significant, especially if you decide to make an attic room out of the attic - this material actually does not have any soundproofing properties. If the sound of rain can still be endured, then the roar of hail will seem to you like artillery cannonade. In addition, the material has extremely low thermal insulation properties - in summer it heats up very easily, and in winter it will be as cold as the temperature outside. You must take this factor into account when making a choice - slate or metal tile.

It is impossible to unequivocally answer that slate is better than metal tile or vice versa. Replacing slate with metal roofing is a matter of one day, but you have to live with the consequences long years. Try to think in advance how comfortable it will be for you to live with noisy metal tiles, you may need to carry out additional sound and heat insulation.