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Homemade grafting gun for trees. DIY tree grafting knife

Foreword

Many gardeners can attest that propagating trees by seed is not the most ideal and certainly not the best. fast way. It is much better to graft different varieties, however in this case you will need a special tool for grafting fruit trees.

Necessary tools and materials

Knife File

Why should you get vaccinated and what are the benefits?

Unfortunately, long term growing trees and getting a quality crop is not the only minus of propagation through seeds. Alas, plants that grow from seeds practically do not retain the quality and properties of fruits, most often leaning towards their wild ancestors. That is why other fruit trees became the most effective method breeding.

Other benefits of vaccination include:

trees become less susceptible to diseases and pests;
increased productivity and productivity;
increased winter hardiness.

Grafting is the transplantation of a scion onto a rootstock. This procedure became possible due to the fact that plants can quickly grow together, healing wounds. However, it is best to choose species similar in origin - apple trees with apple trees, plums with plums. To successfully graft trees, you need to purchase a specialized tool for the job.

Knife as the main tool for grafting fruit trees

The main tool that you will need during the work is a tree grafting knife. The success of vaccinations largely depends on its quality and sharpness. And here it is necessary to competently approach the choice of products and care for them. So, when choosing a knife, pay attention to the metal of the blade itself. The blade of the tool must be made of high quality material, durable, the blade must not bend from side to side. In addition, it should be borne in mind that you may need several types of knives for grafting:

Grafting knife (copulation), characterized by an elongated blade with a straight blade. This grafting tool is just perfect.
A budding knife required for kidney grafting. The blade of the knife has a sharpened blade that allows you to make clean cuts. At the opposite end of the knife there is a "bone" made of plastic, which is suitable for separating the bark from the trunk of a tree.

Undoubtedly, it is very important to sharpen knives correctly. To do this, you will need a file and several bars with varying degrees of grit, a belt, a whetstone and green paste. The blade of copulation knives is sharpened on one side: index finger press the blade against the bar, while doing a back-and-forth motion. This ensures uniform sharpening. The blades of the budding knives are sharpened on both sides. To do this, you first need to use a coarse-grained bar, after which sharpening is carried out using a fine-grained whetstone.

The next step is to use a belt and green paste. To facilitate the work, we apply green paste to the belt, put the plane of the knife on the belt and move it forward so that the entire plane of the product is pressed against the belt. The other side of the blade is processed in the same way. To prevent the bars from becoming unusable a few weeks after use, it is imperative to wash off the graphite mass formed after sharpening from the surface of the products.

Other tools and devices for grafting fruit trees

A knife is not the only tool you may need. It is also necessary to purchase trees for grafting, with which you can cut old branches and correct the crown. You can not do without garden pitch and strapping material.

Recipe for garden var:

On a small fire, melt one part of rosin, add one part of wax there and vegetable oil. Instead of rosin, you can use the resin of coniferous trees, instead of oil - fresh pork fat.
The mixture is boiled over a fire, stirring constantly until the consistency of garden pitch becomes thick.
After that, we set the solution aside so that it cools, after which we add a little alcohol until the mass begins to spread, after which the mixture can be used.

The main advantage of a hand-made garden pitch is that it can be used until autumn without heating.

In addition, it does not lose its viscosity even in extreme heat. It is important to use the var correctly. For example, when carrying out work in the heat, keep in mind that the mixture will thin out in such weather, which can lead to the solution entering the junction of the scion and rootstock. As a result, the vaccine will fail. That is why it should be used moderately, lubricating the cut of the cutting with the thinnest layer.

It is necessary to purchase material for tying the grafting site. Electrical insulating tape is best suited here, which is cut lengthwise into strips no more than 8 mm wide. If there is no electrical tape, you can use strips cut from plastic bags 2 cm wide and up to 20 cm long. When tying, the material is folded along, and the ends of the material are fixed with a knot. There are gardeners who prefer to use a bast for tying. But in this case, the material on top should be lubricated with garden pitch, which will protect the product from drying out.

Grafting is one of the most common horticultural practices, allowing fruit to be produced several years earlier, or in an area that is usually unacceptable for a particular type of fruit. There is grafting by cuttings and grafting by buds, and gardeners have long wondered which method is more reliable and how to increase the effectiveness of vaccinations. It is not surprising that recently a special garden tool, the grafting pruner, appeared in specialized stores and almost immediately became popular.

Like any other tool of this kind, the grafting pruner consists of a working knife, handles, springs, and a stopper. Often, as a nice addition, this pruner also has a standard cutting blade. But what makes this garden knife unusual is the shape of the main blade. This is a high-quality steel plate, bent in a special way to obtain a figured cut.

Depending on the shape of the knife, the cutout can be sharp (V-shaped), rounded at the end and elongated upwards (parabolic), round with a narrow entrance, forming a kind of “lock” (omega-shaped). All forms of cuts allow us to solve a common problem - to expose the cambium layer of the scion and rootstock as much as possible and to combine the two branches with each other as best as possible. With the help of a grafting pruner, you can vaccinate all types of fruit trees, grapes with your own hands, even graft watermelon lashes on a pumpkin.

Visible Benefits

Grafting tool easy to use and good for beginners. The cuts on the scion and rootstock are made in one movement, they do not have time to dry out and are combined quickly and tightly, which ensures the best survival of the scion.

This is important if the gardener has little experience with grafting and is not very confident in using the grafting knife. Grafting pruner allows you to automate and speed up the process as much as possible, in addition, it is impossible to cut yourself with a pruner.

However, experienced gardeners should also pay attention to this tool. The speed of the process allows you to make several inoculations in the same time that you need to spend on one inoculation with a knife. In this way, the gardener's personal time is saved, or many more trees can be grafted than usual.

Knives have a long service life - up to three thousand cuts. Knives are easy to change with your own hands, and disassembly is as safe as possible for the user, since the knife is closed with a special plastic casing until the last moment. Thus, we get a useful garden tool that can be used on all types of fruit trees, from apple to cherry and rowan.

Video “Grafting tool”

What are the disadvantages

The grafting pruner is designed primarily for grafting trees with cuttings (copulation). At the same time, there are certain requirements for scion and rootstock, and they must be adhered to for the success of the entire operation. The thickness of cuttings for grafting is limited to a range of 4-12 mm, depending on the shape of the knife. In addition, the diameters of the rootstock and scion should be as close as possible, even a discrepancy of three millimeters can be critical.

In addition, this tool also requires some skill - in order to get a neat, even cut without kinks, and not damage either the handle or the knife, the blade must completely return to its original position after making the cut.

Due to the shape of the knife, it can be difficult to sharpen it with your own hands. Moreover, knives in Chinese-made secateurs simply cannot be sharpened, they need to be changed regularly. And to buy a grafting pruner with a quality knife, you will have to spend a lot of money.

Choose from an assortment

The price of a quality pruner with good knives ranges from a thousand to one and a half thousand rubles and, in fact, to infinity. There are a wide variety of models on the market, both unnamed Chinese and branded ones. The most common model is the Professional grafting pruner. Graft Tool. This is a professional tool, the best in its line. It comes in different configurations, with one, two or three knives, as well as in a gift version, with a screwdriver for changing knives and in a case. The main advantage of the Professional Grafting Tool secateurs is high-quality materials.

The blades are made from SK5 high carbon steel and are chrome plated for wear and corrosion resistance. Pruner handles are made of reinforced plastic. The tool is the most massive and widespread, on the Internet there are a lot of reviews and videos about the use of the grafting pruner of this particular brand. Now an analogue of this Belarusian-made secateurs has appeared on sale.

Artitec 3T (Artitec Manual Grafting 3T AR-INN3T) - differs from the previous model in a special knife that allows grafting with a kidney (budding). The knives for this secateurs are forged, made of high carbon steel. The pruner is made in Italy, which immediately affects its price.

The same manufacturer offers the Artitec Complementary Gtafter model - for grafting cuttings up to 4.5 mm in diameter. As mentioned in the name of the tool, the grafting pruner of this model serves as an additional tool. They can only make cuts on the rootstock - when grafting into a split. Scion cuts should be made with other secateurs such as the Artitec 3T. Which grafting pruner is better is up to the buyers to decide.

How to do it yourself

Some gardeners, having gained experience with purchased pruners, prefer to make a pruner with their own hands, taking into account the comments on the factory tool and own requirements. The manufacture of grafting pruners from garlic is popular, but here the main problem is knives. They will have to be machined on their own or ordered from familiar master locksmiths. Another way, rather the manufacture of a grafting vise.

For the basics, a small vise is taken, which can be found in the household of every amateur locksmith. A sharp curved blade is attached to the pin, and the cut itself is made not by pressing, but by turning the handle. This procedure takes a little longer than working with a factory pruner, but allows you to feel the satisfaction of a job well done by your own hands.

Video “Overview of grafting pruners”

To understand which of the selected garden tools is most suitable for working with tree grafting, we suggest watching the following video review.

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- this is hand tool, which is used by gardeners in the process of caring for plantations and in order to graft trees on their own. It is important that not only an experienced gardener, but also a novice summer resident can use this.

Tool Description

This is a gardening tool whose blades help make grafting cuts. As you know, success directly depends on how well the cuts on the scion and rootstock will match.

The design of the blades is designed in such a way that the scion and rootstock cutouts fit perfectly with each other without any additional adjustments, like puzzles. It remains only to fasten them together.

As practice shows, the use of this results in 90-100% of effective vaccinations. These pruners come with knives. different forms- V-shaped, U-shaped and Omega-shaped. These knives are made of steel and can be sharpened. Grafting pruners are very durable. According to manufacturers, a resource for two, or even three thousand slices is laid in such a tool.

Important! Shoots for grafting should be from 3-4 mm to 10-13 mm in size. The size depends on the softness of the wood.

How to use it?

Using the tool is quite easy. Even a novice gardener will be able to perform garden grafting quickly and extremely efficiently. The process can be roughly divided into four stages. you need to choose smooth, with unwrinkled bark.

All the pros and cons in favor of the secateurs

This grafting tool has both positive qualities and negative features.

pros

The main advantage is the high percentage of survival, which was mentioned earlier. Also, the advantages of using such a tool include:

Ease, speed and simplicity of the work performed. Even an amateur gardener who first decided to carry out such a procedure will definitely cope and make a high-quality vaccination.
Not only thin, one-year-old shoots are subject to vaccination, but also older ones.
The promised period of operation is very long. The tool is made of modern high quality, which allows you to use it year after year without loss of efficiency.
Thanks to the set of interchangeable knives, it is possible to use the secateurs for different kind wood.

Minuses

The grafting pruner is designed for shoots that have an identical diameter. The difference between scion and rootstock should be no more than 2-3 mm. Otherwise, you will still have to use a knife.
The thickness of shoots for grafting is limited to 13 mm.
Price. To purchase a really high-quality tool, most likely, you will have to spend a considerable amount, which, of course, is incomparable with an ordinary knife.

Criterias of choice

In order to purchase a quality garden tool, you need to pay attention to a number of very important points when choosing.

Sharpness of knives. Care must be taken to ensure that the blades are sharp. Some manufacturers produce secateurs, the blades of which are treated with Teflon, electrophoresis, or made of alloy steel. All this has a very positive effect on the convenience and durability of this garden tool. It is also important to check if the blade is well attached to the handle.
The type of spring that connects the pruner handles to each other is very important in the use of the tool. Tape springs, as practice shows, are more convenient.
Handle cover. It will be more convenient if they are covered with rubberized material. Such a secateurs will not slip in your hand, and will not provoke the appearance of corns. The best option- this is the presence of a recess for the finger on the lower handle.
The stroke of the knives should be tight, and the gap between the knives should be minimal. If such requirements are met, then the shoots will not be damaged and wrinkled during processing.

A luxurious garden always requires proper and professional care. Many gardeners will say that the arsenal of tools for such purposes can be the most diverse, but one of necessary tools there will always be a pruner for grafting trees.

It is indispensable in the work of the gardener, they remove unwanted shoots and branches, form ornamental shrubs, help plants grow, make the necessary vaccinations or stimulate their nutrition.

To date, there are several types of secateurs in socialized stores, one of which is designed for grafting. Why do you need this cutter? What are its main functions?

Grafting pruner: features and purpose

The grafting pruner has become the innovation that allows you to get practically 100% result during vaccinations. The principle of operation of the device is as follows: a cut is made on a scion and rootstock with an accurate blade on a pruner. It is the ideal blade that guarantees a cut from which the two parts of the branch fit together. After such a tool, the gardener only needs to fix the two parts in the chosen way. This device made it possible to radically change the views of gardeners on the process of vaccination, now it has become easy and elementary.

Today, manufacturers produce universal secateurs with three types of nozzles: V, U and omega, which allows you to perform different kinds garden grafts. Now every gardener will be able to put the nozzle that is necessary for a particular tree and grafting method.

A feature of the tool is its durability. As practice shows, one tool is enough for several thousand cuts. Gardeners note that such a tool does not pose a danger to humans, its principle of operation and device are thought out to the smallest detail.

There is a lot to be said about this miracle device. However, to see it in action, to learn about its correct use, is much more useful. Well, if someone you know already has a grafting pruner, you can come up to see, try. But if this is not possible, then it is better to get acquainted with the description of the principle of operation and what happens in the future with grafted plants.

The tool itself consists of the following parts: work and support blades, bolt with nut, spring, lock and handle. The working blade performs a direct cut and has a high cutting ability due to its peculiar geometric shape. Such features make it easy to split plant tissue and not damage it. The anvil blade is curved to minimize friction and keep the plant safe.

The grafting pruner has a groove through which the juice from the plant flows. The nut and bolt act as a retainer that ensures a snug fit between the blades. To limit the stroke, a buffer is installed, and the spring allows you to bring the tool to its original position. To bring the secateurs into a non-working state, a latch is installed.

What plants can be used with secateurs?

There are many options for trees and shrubs that can be grafted with a special pruner. But the most common the options are:

Types of grafting pruners

Garden pruners for country work can have various forms and principle of operation, mechanism and purpose. It is these criteria that will be fundamental when choosing a tool.

According to the principle of action secateurs are as follows:

planar. In this case, the blades are sharpened only on one side, and the movement occurs towards each other;
contact. The blades are sharpened on both sides. These blades are in line. These secateurs are used to remove dry knots.

In addition, division occurs according to the following criteria:

ratchet. They have a special mechanism that can cut branches up to 3 centimeters thick in diameter;
rod. These secateurs have long handles. This makes pruning easy and possible on tall trees;
accumulator. The process of work in such devices is automated, hands during trimming perform a minimum of movements. Such a pruner has only one drawback, you always need to monitor the charging of the battery;
electrical. They can be used on large areas that require regular maintenance. But there is one main disadvantage - you need long cords and carrying.

How to choose the right pruner

The power of the grafting pruner is astounding in its power. He can easily eat branch with a diameter of 2 centimeters. But how to choose the right tool? What should be paid special attention to in order to maximize its service life?

To begin with, the pruner in the store must be put in your hand and feel how it lies in it. It will directly depend on this whether corns appear when using it or not. Next, you need to pay attention to the details themselves and the material from which they are made. Also need to know following rules to help minimize plant injury.

It is very important to understand what types of steel can be used in garden pruner for grafting:

SK 5 - high carbon steel. It makes it possible to make thick and large blades. For such a tool, the price will be high, but it will fully justify the quality and long service life.
SK 50 - medium carbon. This option is more economical, but the blades of the grafting pruner will last relatively long and reliably.
Stainless steel. This option has great appearance and is not susceptible to corrosion. Parts such as the handle, dimensions and coloring do not really matter.

Why is it necessary to purchase a grafting pruner?

Every thing has its positive and negative points. The grafting pruner is no exception, so each user must understand what he will work with and what positive and negative sides he will receive.

Positive aspects of the secateurs:

can be used without special knowledge, skills and abilities, while vaccinations will always be performed correctly and correctly;
all procedures will be carried out quickly, since cuts on parts of the branches do not require additional fitting. This increases the chance of the cuttings living, since the sections do not have time to dry;
if a person has a large number of fruit or ornamental trees, then with the help of such a grafting pruner, large amounts of work can be done quickly.

Some gardeners say that this tool may have negative sides, such as:

the pruner has a certain size, which provides for the processing of shoots of the same diameter. The maximum allowable difference varies between 2-3 mm. If it so happened that one of the parts of the cuttings is larger than the allowable size, then you will have to use a grafting knife;
despite the fact that the manufacturer gives indicators for the limiter ranging from 4 to 12 mm, in practice these figures range from 7 to 10 mm. This significantly limits the thickness of rootstocks and scions;
the pricing policy of many manufacturers is very high, so gardeners and summer residents choose a knife.

DIY secateurs

Many summer residents and gardeners, having familiarized themselves with all the features and disadvantages of the factory grafting pruner, make this tool on their own. But it should be noted right away that they can be used only for branches of the same diameter. The most popular option was the garlic tool. In order for the garlic maker to become a pruner, you will need to make knives with your own hands.

Another option would be to make a tool from a grafting vise. To do this, take a small vise, which any locksmith always has. A curved blade is attached to the pin, and the action itself will be performed by pressing and turning the handle.

Of course, the use of homemade secateurs will be problematic, but the result will be no worse than after the factory version.

How to make the use of the tool long?

To begin with, you need to read in detail the instructions for the tool, which are supplied by the manufacturer. Here will be indicated storage and operating conditions tool.

Be sure to provide a secateurs proper care, because it depends on the work and the duration of its use.

Each time, after finishing work, you need to carefully clean the blades from the remnants of the vegetation that will form after cutting. Do not wash the secateurs under water or leave it in the rain. This will only worsen the condition of the blade and cause the blades to dull quickly.

The spring also requires special care. with fixing bracket. They, together with the blade, must be wiped with a dry cloth and lubricated with an astringent or oil. Such procedures should be regular and carried out after each use of the tool.

In the purchased secateurs, the blades always become unusable, first of all. But you can sharpen them yourself. You should not wait for the complete unsuitability of the blade, they need to be sharpened at regular intervals. Sharpening will be necessary when, when cutting branches, the knives begin to bite into the branch and stop cutting it halfway.

For the sharpness of the blade, only a sharpening bar is not enough, you need to be able to choose the right movements and directions. Knife sharpening should only be done stone at 150 particles per sq. cm. Before sharpening the secateurs, it is better to remove the blades, in the case when this is not possible, you need to fix the tool in a vise. Further, movements are performed with a bar in one direction, simulating knife sharpening. Such movements must be performed until the knives become sharp.

Grafting pruner is a necessary thing for every gardener. In order for the tool to do its job perfectly, to become a real helper in agriculture, it must be properly selected and provided with the necessary care during the entire time of use. Only such an approach to the tool will ensure a long service life for many years.

We must not forget that timely grafting is the key to plant health.