Pipes

Line generator. A new way to use the wind

The field of activity (technology) to which the described invention belongs

The know-how of the development, namely, this invention of the author belongs to the field of energy production and is intended for converting the energy of a permanent magnet into mechanical energy to produce electrical energy.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

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Linear electric generator permanent magnets contains a housing made of non-magnetic material, such as aluminum, inside the housing 1 there are permanent magnets 2 and 3, made in the form of horizontally located cylinders with spherical bulges on the sides and mounted on shafts 4 and 5 with the possibility of rotation from drives 6 and 7, which are stepper , energyless . Guides 8 are installed in the body, made of titanium in the form of rods, the ends of which are fixed on the side walls of the body 1. On the guides 8, a slider 10, a moving permanent magnet, is installed between two rotating magnets 2 and 3. The moving slider 10 is made in the form of a rectangle, the poles of which are facing the poles of the rotating magnets 2 and 3 with the possibility of free rotation at the moment when the slider 10 comes close to one of them. The slider 10 moves along the guides from one rotating magnet to another inside the electromagnetic coil (stator winding). During the reciprocating movement from one rotating magnet to another, an EMF arises inside the electromagnetic coil in the stator windings as a result of the action of the lines of force of the permanent magnet on the conductor. The received electric power enters the rectifier 39 and the industrial voltage is removed at the output of the rectifier 39.

A device for moving objects, mainly game elements of toys (EP 0627248, MKI 7 A 63 H 33/26, 1994) is known.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed invention is a device for moving toy objects placed inside the housing at its opposite ends, and a moving element - a permanent magnet slider installed in the middle part of the housing between permanent spherical magnets (RF Patent 212479, MKI 7 A 63 N 33/26, 1988).

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The disadvantage of the known device is the inability to convert the energy of a permanent magnet into electrical energy.

The objective of the invention is to develop a linear electric generator that allows you to convert the energy of a permanent magnet into mechanical energy to produce electrical energy.

As a result of using the proposed invention, it becomes possible to convert the energy of a permanent magnet into electrical energy.

The above technical result is achieved by the fact that

A linear electric generator with permanent magnets contains a housing made of a non-magnetic material, such as aluminum, inside the housing 1 permanent magnets 2 and 3 are installed, made in the form of horizontally arranged cylinders with spherical bulges on the sides and mounted on shafts 4 and 5 with the possibility of rotation from drives 6 and 7 , which are stepper, energyless electric motors direct current. Guides 8 are installed in the body, made of titanium in the form of rods, the ends of which are fixed on the side walls of the body 1. On the guides 8, a slider 10, a moving permanent magnet, is installed between two rotating magnets 2 and 3. The moving slider 10 is made in the form of a rectangle, the poles of which are facing the poles of the rotating magnets 2 and 3 with the possibility of free rotation at the moment when the slider 10 comes close to one of them. The slider 10 moves along the guides from one rotating magnet to another inside the electromagnetic coil (stator winding). During the reciprocating movement from one rotating magnet to another, an EMF arises inside the electromagnetic coil in the stator windings as a result of the action of the lines of force of the permanent magnet on the conductor. The received electric power enters the rectifier 39 and the industrial voltage is removed at the output of the rectifier 39.

All rotating elements of the generator are made on closed-type ball bearings, and the guides are lubricated with graphite grease during routine maintenance. On the sides of the slider 10, movable contacts 14 and 15 are installed, and on inside stator winding 9 fixed contacts 16, 17 and 18, 19 are installed to control the drive 6 and 7 of rotating magnets 2 and 3, depending on the location of the slider 10.

In the idle state of the generator, the magnets 2 and 3 are installed in the neutral position N/S to the sides of the magnet - the slider 10, respectively, neither attractive nor repulsive forces are exerted on it, everything is at rest.

A linear electric generator with permanent magnets works as follows

The toggle switch 36 on the control panel of the generator 34 is turned on, voltage is supplied from an independent current source (battery) and to the control panel of the generator 34. The automation sends a command to the drives 6 and 7 for controlling the rotation of rotating magnets 2 and 3 and they turn magnet 2 from the neutral position N / S side S to the N side of the slider 10, forming an attractive force, and the magnet 3 turns from the neutral position N / S 3 side S to the S side of the slider 10, forming a repulsive force, under the action of these forces, the slider 10 will begin to move from the PMT (right dead center ) to LMT (left dead center). Not reaching a tenth of the entire stroke of the slider 10 to the LMT, contacts are switched on - 14 movable on the slider 10 and 17 fixed on the stator, a command is given to turn on the drive 6, which turns the magnet 2 from position S to the neutral position N / S to the N side of the slider 10 , the attractive force ceases to act, but the repulsive force of the magnet 3 continues to act, forcing the slider 10 to continue moving.

When approaching the LMT, the slider 10 comes into contact with the damper springs 13, compressing them, slowing down, approaches the LMT, at this time the movable contact 14 closes with the fixed contact 16. A command is given to turn on the drive 6, which turns the magnet 2 from the N / S position with the side N towards the N side of the slider 10, generating a repulsive force. At the same time, a command is given to the drive 7, which turns the magnet 3 from the S position with the N side to the N side of the slider 10, forming an attractive force. Under the action of two forces of repulsion and attraction, as well as the expansion of the damper springs 13, the slider 10 changes its direction and moves from the LMT to the RMT. Passing inside the stator winding 9, the slider 10 with its force lines induces an EMF into the stator windings 9. Before reaching the 10th part of the entire stroke of the slider 10 to the PMT, the movable contact 15 and the fixed contact 18 are turned on, a command is given to turn on the drive 7, which turns the magnet 3 from the position N to the neutral position N/S towards the S side of the slider 10, the attractive force ceases to act, but the repulsive force of the magnet 2 continues to act, causing the slider 10 to continue moving. When approaching the PMT, the slider 10 comes into contact with the damper springs 13, compressing them, slowing down, and approaches the PMT. At this time, the movable contact 15 closes with the fixed contact 19. A command is given to turn on the drive 7, which turns the magnet 3 from the neutral position N/S side S to the S side of the slider 10, forming a repulsive force. At the same time, a command is given to the drive 6, which turns the magnet 2 from the N position with the S side to the N side of the slider 10, forming an attractive force. Under the action of two forces of repulsion and attraction, as well as the expansion of the damper springs 13, the slider 10, changing its direction, moves from the PMT to the LMT. Passing again inside the stator winding 9, the slider 10 induces an EMF with its lines of force into the stator windings 9. The voltage thus obtained is fed to the rectifier 39, which converts the "pulsating" voltage into industrial voltage. The cycle is completed, the generator has started working and continues to work in the same sequence.

Claim

A linear electric generator containing a housing made of non-magnetic material, inside which permanent magnets rotating from drives in the form of stepper motors are installed on shafts in the form of horizontal cylinders with bulges on the sides, inside the stator winding between the said rotating permanent magnets, a permanent magnet-slider is installed with the possibility of moving between them in the form of a rectangle with bulges and with movable contacts on the sides, fixed contacts are installed on the inside of the stator winding to control the stepper motors of the drives of the indicated permanent magnets, depending on the location of the permanent magnet-slider, while the control system of the stepper motors of the drives of the rotating permanent magnets ensures the closing of the movable contacts with fixed contacts when the permanent magnet-slider approaches one dead point to transmit a signal to the control system of the indicated drives of permanent magnets, depending from the position of the permanent magnet-slider for such a rotation of the permanent magnets that the permanent magnet-slider rushes to another dead point, while the electromotive force induced in the stator winding enters the rectifier.

In the event of a generator shutdown, it is necessary to turn off the toggle switch 36 on the control unit 34, a command is given to the control drives 6 and 7 and they set the magnets 2 and 3 to the neutral position N / S to the N and S sides of the slider 10. The force of attraction and repulsion ceases, the slider 10 stops in the middle of its course.

Claim

Thank you very much for your contribution to the development domestic science and technology!

The invention relates to electrical engineering, linear generators that provide the generation of electrical energy. Technical result is to improve the stability and efficiency of power generation while simplifying the design and reducing the volume and weight. The linear generator has a hydrodynamic cylinder design for reciprocating the piston (6) in the cylinder (1) in the axial direction by alternately applying fluid pressure to the piston (6) in the left hydrodynamic chamber (4) in contact with the left end wall (2) cylinder (1), and fluid pressure in the right hydrodynamic chamber (5) in contact with the right end wall of the cylinder (1). A permanent magnet (9) is formed between the left pressure surface (7) in contact with the left hydrodynamic chamber (4) of the piston (6), and the right pressure surface (8) in contact with the right hydrodynamic chamber (5) of the piston (6). The electric induction coil (11) is installed above the left and right hydrodynamic chambers (4, 5), formed on the cylindrical wall between the left and right end walls (2,3) of the cylinder (1) so that the generation of electricity in the electric induction coil is provided by means of a reciprocating movement in the axial direction of the piston (6) having a permanent magnet. 4 w.p. f-ly, 11 ill.

Drawings to the RF patent 2453970

FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY

The present invention relates to a linear generator which generates electricity between a piston and a cylinder constituting a hydrodynamic cylinder.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Patent Document 1 discloses a power generation system in which a free-piston motor (hydrodynamic cylinder) and a linear generator are combined with each other to generate power.

Similar to the cylinder structure of an automobile engine, the free-piston engine (hydrodynamic cylinder) constituting the power generation system is an undivided combustion chamber cylinder having a combustion chamber (hydrodynamic chamber) provided at only one end of the cylinder. The suction process, the compression process and the exhaust process of a free-piston engine are carried out by moving the piston in only one direction due to the pressure of the flowing medium created by combustion and explosion of fuel in an undivided combustion chamber, and moving the piston in the other direction is carried out by the action of a linear generator as an electric motor. The removal of electricity in a linear generator occurs during combustion and explosion in a free-piston engine.

PROBLEMS SOLVED BY THE INVENTION

The linear power generation system according to Patent Document 1 has a structure in which combustion and explosion in a free-piston engine (hydrodynamic cylinder) containing a cylinder in an undivided combustion chamber, and the functions of a linear generator and an electric motor are combined to reciprocate the piston. free-piston engine in the axial direction, and the linear generator coil serves as a component of the electric motor and generator. In the case of a linear power generation system and a controller for controlling the linear power generation system, there is a problem that the structure becomes complicated and the cost is high.

In addition, since the piston is moved in one direction due to combustion and explosion and moved in the other direction by the electric motor, there is a problem that the power generation will be insufficient.

In addition, since the free-piston engine and the linear generator are connected in series, the volume and length increase, and thus too much working space becomes necessary.

PROBLEM SOLUTION TOOL

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a linear generator that generates electricity between a piston and a cylinder constituting a hydrodynamic cylinder.

In general, the linear generator according to the present invention has a hydrodynamic cylinder structure in which the fluid pressure in the left hydrodynamic chamber in contact with the left end wall of the cylinder and the fluid pressure in the right hydrodynamic chamber in contact with the right end wall of the cylinder are alternately applied to the piston in cylinder to reciprocate the piston in the axial direction. The linear generator contains a permanent magnet belt and an electric induction coil belt. A permanent magnet belt is provided between the left pressure surface in contact with the left hydrodynamic chamber of the piston and the right pressure surface in contact with the right hydrodynamic chamber. An electroinduction coil belt provided above the left and right hydrodynamic chambers is formed on the cylindrical wall between the left and right end walls of the cylinder. The piston having a permanent magnet belt reciprocates in the axial direction, whereby power is generated in the electric induction coil belt.

The left and right hydrodynamic chambers constitute the combustion chambers, and the piston moves in the axial direction under the fluid pressure produced by the combustion and explosion of the fuel in the combustion chamber.

Alternatively, the fluid high pressure is supplied alternately to the left and right hydrodynamic chambers from the outside, and the piston moves in the axial direction under the pressure of the high pressure fluid.

The piston may be composed of a cylindrical permanent magnet, and both end open surfaces of the tubular bore of the cylindrical piston may be closed by pressure end plates so that fluid pressure can be received by the pressure end plate.

The cylindrical piston is made up of a single tubular body containing a permanent magnet, or is made up by stacking a plurality of rings or short tubular bodies, each of which contains a permanent magnet.

EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION

The present invention adopts a hydrodynamic cylinder structure as a basic structure, in which the fluid pressures of the left and right hydrodynamic chambers at both ends of the cylinder are applied alternately to reciprocate the piston, and at the same time, the present invention can realize power generation. between the piston and the cylinder constituting the hydrodynamic cylinder, simplifying the structure of the generator, and reducing the volume and weight, whereby efficient power generation can be reliably obtained.

In addition, the piston has a cylindrical shape, and fluid pressure is received by the pressure end plate to move the piston, whereby the weight of the piston can be reduced, and smooth reciprocating motion and efficient power generation can be realized.

In addition, the permanent magnet of the piston can be effectively protected from dynamic impact and high temperature through the pressure end plate.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Fig. 1 is a sectional view showing an example in which the piston (permanent magnet tubular body) of the linear generator according to the present invention is composed of a separate tubular body containing a permanent magnet;

Fig. 2 is a sectional view showing an example in which the piston (permanent magnet tubular body) of the linear generator is composed of a set of short tubular bodies containing a permanent magnet;

Fig. 3 is a sectional view showing an example in which the piston (permanent magnet tubular body) of the linear generator is composed of a set of rings containing a permanent magnet;

Fig. 4 is a sectional view showing an example in which the piston (permanent magnet tubular body) of the linear generator is composed of short columnar bodies containing a permanent magnet;

Fig. 5 is a sectional view showing an example in which a fixed permanent magnet tubular body and a fixed cylindrical collar are provided in the linear generator of the above examples;

Fig. 6A is a sectional view showing the first operation of the linear generator, which allows the piston to start moving due to the combustion and explosion of the fuel;

6B is a sectional view showing the second operation of the linear generator which allows the piston to start moving due to the combustion and explosion of the fuel;

6C is a sectional view showing the third operation of the linear generator, which allows the piston to start moving due to the combustion and explosion of the fuel;

Fig.6D is a sectional view showing the fourth operation of the linear generator, which allows the piston to start moving due to the combustion and explosion of the fuel;

7A is a sectional view showing the first operation of the linear generator, which allows the piston to start moving due to high pressure fluid supplied from the outside; and

7B is a cross-sectional view showing the second operation of the linear generator, which allows the piston to start moving due to high pressure fluid supplied from the outside.

PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

Below in connection with Fig.1-7 are discussed in detail the preferred embodiments of the present invention.

The linear generator according to the present invention has a hydrodynamic cylinder structure. In this design, the fluid pressure in the left hydrodynamic chamber 4 in contact with the left end wall 2 of cylinder 1 and the fluid pressure in the right hydrodynamic chamber 5 in contact with the right end wall 3 of cylinder 1 are alternately applied to the piston (free piston) 6 in cylinder 1 to reciprocate the piston 6 in the axial direction.

Cylinder 1 consists of a complete cylindrical and closed at both ends tubular body, where the left and right ends of the tubular body are closed by end walls 2 and 3, respectively. Cylinder 1 contains a piston (free piston) 6 movable in the axial direction. The left hydrodynamic chamber 4 is defined by the left end cylindrical wall of the cylinder 1, the piston 6 and the left end wall 2. The right hydrodynamic chamber 5 is defined by the right end cylindrical wall of the cylinder 1, the piston 6 and the right end wall 3.

The linear generator according to the present invention uses the structure of a hydrodynamic cylinder, and at the same time, a permanent magnet belt 9 is provided between the left pressure surface 7 of the piston 6 in contact with the left hydrodynamic chamber 4, and the right pressure surface 8 in contact with the right hydrodynamic chamber 5, and an electroinduction coil belt 11 provided above the left and right hydrodynamic chambers 4 and 5 is formed on the cylindrical wall between the left and right end walls 2 and 3 of the cylinder 1. The piston 6 having the permanent magnet belt 9 reciprocates in the axial direction , whereby the generation of electricity in the belt 11 of the electroinduction coil is induced.

The left and right hydrodynamic chambers 4 and 5 constitute the combustion chamber, and the piston 6 is moved in the axial direction by the fluid pressure generated by the combustion and explosion of the fuel in the combustion chamber.

Alternatively, the high pressure fluids 20 and 20" are alternately supplied to the left and right hydrodynamic chambers 4 and 5 from the outside, and the piston 6 is moved in the axial direction by the pressure of the high pressure fluids 20 and 20".

As shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3, the piston 6 is composed of a permanent magnet tubular body 6″. .

How particular example, in the piston structure of FIG. 1, the cylindrical piston 6 consists of a permanent magnet tubular body 6" comprising a separate permanent magnet tubular body 6a, the permanent magnet tubular body 6" is externally inserted into the cylindrical collar 10, and both end open surfaces are closed by pressure end plates 14 .

In the piston structure of FIG. 2, the cylindrical piston 6 is composed of a permanent magnet tubular body 6" having a structure in which a plurality of short tubular bodies 6c each containing a permanent magnet are packaged in whole and coaxially. The permanent magnet tubular body 6" is externally mounted. on a cylindrical clamp 10, and both end holes are closed with pressure end plates 14.

In the piston structure of FIG. 3, the cylindrical piston 6 is composed of a permanent magnet tubular body 6" having a structure in which a plurality of rings 6b each containing a permanent magnet are packaged whole and coaxially. The permanent magnet tubular body 6" is externally mounted on the cylindrical collar 10, and both end open surfaces are closed by pressure end plates 14.

In the piston structure of FIG. 4, the piston 6 is composed of a permanent magnet column body 6" having a structure in which a plurality of short column bodies 6d, each rigidly structured and containing a permanent magnet, are packaged as a whole and coaxially, and pressure end plates 14 are provided on both end surfaces, respectively.

When rings 6b or short tubular bodies 6c are stacked in piston 6, the length of piston 6 (permanent magnet belt 9) can be increased or decreased by increasing or decreasing the number of stacked rings 6b or short tubular bodies 6c.

Preferably, the pressure end plate 14 discussed in connection with FIGS. 1-4 is composed of a refractory plate, such as a ceramic plate, a fiber plate, a stone plate, a concrete plate, a carbon plate, and a metal plate.

The permanent magnet tubular body 6" and the permanent magnet column body 6" have O-rings 15 at the outer peripheries of both their ends for use in sealing the inner periphery of the cylinder 1. Alternatively, O-rings 15 are provided at the outer peripheries of the pressure end plates 14, covering both end open surfaces of the cylindrical piston 6, consisting of a tubular body 6" permanent magnet.

The permanent magnet tubular body 6" and the permanent magnet column body 6" have polarities according to the known principle of magnetic induction, and they are arranged so that the magnetic lines of the permanent magnet are effectively applied to the electroinduction coil in the electroinduction coil belt 11.

For example, the inner peripheral portion of the tubular body 6" of a permanent magnet has a north pole (or South Pole), and the outer peripheral region has a south pole (or north pole).

Similarly, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, also when the short tubular bodies 6c or the rings 6b are stacked to constitute the permanent magnet tubular body 6″, the inner peripheral portions of the short tubular bodies 6c and the rings 6b may have a north pole (or a south pole). ), and the outer peripheral regions may have a south pole (or a north pole).

As a specific example, in FIG. 3, ring 6b in which the outer peripheral portion has a north pole and the inner peripheral portion has a south pole, and ring 6b in which the outer peripheral portion has a south pole and the inner peripheral portion has a north pole alternately stacked in the axial direction so that a permanent magnet tubular body 6" is composed. Also, when a plurality of short tubular bodies 6c in FIG. the north and south poles were set alternately.

4, the short columnar bodies 6d in which the central core has a south pole and the outer peripheral portion has a north pole and the short columnar bodies 6d in which the central core has a north pole and the outer peripheral portion has a south pole are stacked in the axial direction. .

The induction coil constituting the induction coil belt 11 may be composed of a plurality of individual groups an electric induction coil according to the pole arrangement in the above examples.

It goes without saying that all short tubular bodies 6c, rings 6b, or short column bodies 6d constituting the permanent magnet tubular body 6" and the permanent magnet column body 6" can be stacked so that the outer peripheral portion and the inner peripheral portion have the same poles, respectively.

In the embodiment of FIG. 5, the piston 6 is composed of a permanent magnet tubular body 6" (or permanent magnet column body 6") and at the same time, the cylinder 1 is provided with a fixed permanent magnet tubular body 1" annularly surrounding the outer periphery belt 11 of the electric coil so that the electric coil can produce electricity more efficiently.

In the embodiment of FIG. 5, a stationary cylindrical collar 16 is further provided annularly surrounding the outer periphery of the stationary permanent magnet tubular body 1″.

Permanent magnet stationary tubular body 1", stationary cylindrical collar 16 surrounding permanent magnet stationary tubular body 1", permanent magnet tubular body 6" or permanent magnet columnar body 6" constituting piston 6, and cylindrical collar 10 on which the tubular 6" permanent magnet body, all together increase the efficiency of power generation.

FIG. 5 shows, by way of example, that a large number of permanent magnet rings la are stacked to constitute a fixed permanent magnet tubular body 1", an electroinduction coil in the electroinduction coil belt 11 is annularly surrounded by a fixed permanent magnet tubular body 1", and the tubular body 6" the permanent magnet constituting the piston 6 is further annularly surrounded through the induction coil belt 11 .

In other words, the permanent magnet tubular bodies 6" and 1" are mounted on the inner periphery and the outer periphery of the electroinduction coil in the electroinduction coil belt 11, and the electroinduction coil is sandwiched between the permanent magnet tubular bodies 6" and 1".

The permanent magnet rings la constituting the fixed permanent magnet tubular body 1" and the permanent magnet rings 6b constituting the piston 6 are respectively stacked so that adjacent la and 6b rings have opposite polarities with respect to each other, as shown in Figs. 3 and 5, for example.

Also, when the permanent magnet tube body 6" (piston 6) is composed of the short tube bodies 6c shown in FIG. 6" constituting the piston 6 may be annularly surrounded by a stationary permanent magnet tubular body 1" and the short tubular bodies of the tubular bodies 1" and 6" can be positioned so that adjacent short tubular bodies have opposite polarities relative to each other.

In the examples of FIGS. 1-4, a fixed permanent magnet tubular body 1" surrounding the induction coil belt 11 can be provided. When the permanent magnet fixed tubular body 1" is provided, the thickness of the permanent magnet tubular body 6" constituting the piston 6 can be reduced , and the diameter of the permanent magnet columnar body 6" of the piston 6 can also be reduced, whereby the piston 6 can be further reduced in weight.

As described above, when the left and right fluid chambers 4 and 5 constitute a combustion chamber, for example, spark plugs 19 are provided on the left and right end walls 2 and 3, fuel injection valves 17 are provided on the left and right end walls 2 and 3, or left and right end cylinder walls of the cylinder 1, and an exhaust valve 18 is provided on the left and right end walls 2 and 3, the left and right end cylinder walls, or an intermediate section of the cylinder wall of the cylinder 1.

Below, in connection with Fig.6A-6D, consider the operation when the left and right hydrodynamic chambers 4 and 5 constitute the left and right combustion chambers.

As shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B, the compressed fuel in the left combustion chamber 4 supplied by the left side spark plug 19 through the fuel injection valve 17 burns and explodes, whereby fluid pressure is applied to the left pressure surface 7 of the pressure end plate 14, and the piston 6 (permanent magnet tubular body 6″ or permanent magnet columnar body 6″) moves to the right along the center line.

As shown in FIGS. 6C and 6D, the piston 6 moves to the right as described above, whereby the fuel (gas mixture) injected into the right combustion chamber 5 through the right side fuel injection valve 17 is compressed, then ignited by the right spark plug 19 and thus burns out and explodes in the right combustion chamber 5 . As a result, fluid pressure is applied to the right pressing surface 8 of the pressing end plate 14, and the piston 6 (permanent magnet tubular body 6″ or permanent magnet columnar body 6″) moves to the left along the centerline.

The fluid medium (combustible gas) 20 produced by combustion and explosion of fuel in the left and right hydrodynamic chambers 4 and 5 is released through the exhaust valve 18, accompanied by the reciprocating movement of the piston 6.

The above operation is repeated, whereby the permanent magnet tubular body 6" or the permanent magnet column body 6" (permanent magnet belt 9) constituting the piston 6 repeatedly reciprocates, and the electric induction coil belt 11 is generated.

Next, in connection with FIGS. 7A and 7B, an implementation is considered in which high pressure fluid is supplied to the left and right hydrodynamic chambers 4 and 5 from the outside in order to reciprocate the piston 6. As high pressure fluid 20" Various gases can be used in addition to air and steam.

For example, fuel supply valves 21 and exhaust valves 22 are provided on the left and right end walls 2 and 3. As shown in FIG. high pressure fluid pressure 20″ is applied to the left pressing surface 7 of the pressing end plate 14, and the piston 6 (permanent magnet tubular body 6″ or columnar body 6″) moves to the centerline right.

Then, as shown in FIG. 7B, when the piston 6 reaches the end of the right stroke, the high pressure fluid 20" is supplied to the right combustion chamber 5 through the right fluid supply valve 21, whereby the pressure of the high pressure fluid 20" is applied to the right pressure surface 8 of the pressure end plate 14, and the piston 6 (permanent magnet tubular body 6″ or permanent magnet column body 6″) moves to the left along the centerline.

The above operation is repeated, whereby the permanent magnet tubular body 6" or the permanent magnet column body 6" (permanent magnet belt 9) constituting the piston 6 reciprocates repeatedly to generate power in the induction coil belt 11.

LIST OF REFERENCES

1 - Cylinder

1" - Fixed tubular body of a permanent magnet

la - Permanent magnet ring

2 - Left end wall

3 - Right end wall

4 - Left hydrodynamic chamber

5 - Right hydrodynamic chamber

6 - Piston

6" - Permanent Magnet Tubular Body

6" - Permanent Magnet Columnar Body

6a - Separate tubular body

6b - Ring

6c - Short tubular body

6d - Short columnar body

7 - Left pressure surface

8 - Right pressure surface

9 - Permanent magnet belt

10 - Cylindrical collar

11 - Electroinduction coil belt

13 - Tubular hole

14 - Pressure end plate

15 - O-ring

16 - Fixed cylindrical collar

17 - Fuel injection valve

18 - Exhaust valve

19 - spark plug

20 - Fluid (combustible gas)

20" - High pressure fluid

21 - Fluid supply valve

22 - Exhaust valve

CLAIM

1. A linear generator having a hydrodynamic cylinder structure in which the fluid pressure in the left hydrodynamic chamber in contact with the left end wall of the cylinder and the fluid pressure in the right hydrodynamic chamber in contact with the right end wall of the cylinder are alternately applied to the piston in the cylinder to effect reciprocating movement of the piston in the axial direction, and the linear generator contains:

a permanent magnet provided between a left pressure surface in contact with the left fluid chamber of the piston and a right pressure surface in contact with the right fluid chamber; and

an electric induction coil provided above the left and right hydrodynamic chambers and formed on the cylindrical wall between the left and right end walls of the cylinder,

moreover, the piston having a permanent magnet reciprocates in the axial direction to ensure the generation of electricity in the electric induction coil,

wherein the linear generator additionally comprises a stationary tubular body of the permanent magnet, annularly surrounding the outer periphery of the electric induction coil, and a fixed cylindrical clamp, annularly surrounding the outer periphery of the stationary tubular body of the permanent magnet.

2. Linear generator according to claim 1, in which the left and right hydrodynamic chambers constitute the combustion chambers, and the piston is moved in the axial direction by the fluid pressure generated by the combustion and explosion of the fuel in the combustion chamber.

3. The linear generator according to claim 1, wherein the high pressure fluid is supplied alternately to the left and right hydrodynamic chambers from the outside, and the piston is moved in the axial direction by the pressure of the high pressure fluid.

4. The linear generator according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the piston is cylindrical and both end open surfaces of the tubular bore of the cylindrical piston are closed by pressure end plates receiving fluid pressure.

5. The linear generator of claim 4, wherein the cylindrical piston is composed by stacking a plurality of rings or short tubular bodies, each of which is made of a permanent magnet.

All his life he fought for the strengthening of the Russian state with his bright articles, courageously exposing corrupt officials, liberal democrats and revolutionaries, warning of the threat looming over the country. The Bolsheviks who seized power in Russia did not forgive him for this. Menshikov was shot in 1918 with extreme cruelty in front of his wife and six children.

Mikhail Osipovich was born on October 7, 1859 in Novorzhev, Pskov province, near Lake Valdai, in the family of a collegiate registrar. He graduated from the district school, after which he entered the Technical School of the Naval Department in Kronstadt. Then he participated in several long-distance sea voyages, the fruit of which was the first book of essays, published in 1884, “On the ports of Europe”. As a naval officer, Menshikov expressed the idea of connecting ships and airplanes, thereby predicting the appearance of aircraft carriers.

Feeling a vocation for literary work and journalism, in 1892 Menshikov retired with the rank of captain. He got a job as a correspondent for the Nedelya newspaper, where he soon attracted attention with his talented articles. Then he became a leading publicist for the conservative newspaper Novoye Vremya, where he worked until the revolution.

In this newspaper, he led his famous column "Letters to neighbors", which attracted the attention of the entire educated society of Russia. Some called Menshikov "a reactionary and a Black Hundred" (and someone still calls him). However, all this is malicious slander.

In 1911, in the article "Kneeling Russia", Menshikov, exposing the intrigues of the Western backstage against Russia, warned:

“If a huge fund is being collected in America with the aim of flooding Russia with murderers and terrorists, then our government should think about it. Is it possible that today our state guards will not notice anything in time (as in 1905) and will not prevent troubles?

The authorities did not take any measures in this regard. What if they accepted? It is unlikely that Trotsky-Bronstein, the main organizer of the October Revolution, could have come to Russia in 1917 with the money of the American banker Jacob Schiff!

Ideologist of national Russia

Menshikov was one of the leading publicists of the conservative direction, acting as the ideologist of Russian nationalism. He initiated the creation of the All-Russian National Union (VNS), for which he developed a program and charter. This organization, which had its own faction in the State Duma, included moderate right-wing elements of educated Russian society: professors, retired military men, officials, publicists, clergymen, famous scientists. Most of them were sincere patriots, which many of them later proved not only by their struggle against the Bolsheviks, but also by martyrdom ...

Menshikov himself clearly foresaw the national catastrophe of 1917 and, like a true publicist, sounded the alarm, warned, tried to prevent it. “Orthodoxy,” he wrote, “liberated us from ancient savagery, autocracy from anarchy, but the return to savagery and anarchy before our eyes proves that it is necessary new principle saving the former. This is a nation... Only nationalism is able to return to us the lost piety and power.”

In the article "The End of the Century", written in December 1900, Menshikov urged the Russian people to preserve the role of the power-forming people:

“We, Russians, slept for a long time, lulled by our power and glory, but then one heavenly thunder struck after another, and we woke up and saw ourselves under siege - both from the outside and from the inside ... We do not want someone else's, but our - Russian - land should be ours."

Menshikov saw the possibility of avoiding a revolution in the strengthening of state power, in a consistent and firm national policy. Mikhail Osipovich was convinced that the people, in consultation with the monarch, should manage the officials, and not they. With the passion of a publicist, he showed the mortal danger of bureaucracy for Russia: "Our bureaucracy ... has reduced the historical strength of the nation to nothing."

The need for fundamental change

Menshikov maintained close relations with the great Russian writers of that time. Gorky admitted in one of his letters that he loved Menshikov because he was his "enemy at heart", and enemies "better tell the truth." For his part, Menshikov called Gorky's "Song of the Falcon" "evil morality", because, according to him, it is not "the madness of the brave" who carry the uprising that saves the world, but the "wisdom of the meek", like Chekhov's Lipa ("In the ravine").

There are 48 known letters to him from Chekhov, who treated him with unfailing respect. Menshikov visited Tolstoy in Yasnaya, but at the same time he criticized him in the article “Tolstoy and Power”, where he wrote that he was more dangerous for Russia than all the revolutionaries put together. Tolstoy answered him that while reading this article, he experienced "one of the most desirable and dearest feelings to me - not just goodwill, but direct love for you ...".

Menshikov was convinced that Russia needed fundamental changes in all areas of life without exception, only this was the salvation of the country, but he had no illusions. "There are no people - that's what Russia is dying on!" exclaimed Mikhail Osipovich in despair.

Until the end of his days, he gave merciless assessments to the self-satisfied bureaucracy and the liberal intelligentsia: “In essence, you drank everything beautiful and great a long time ago (below) and gobbled it up (above). They unwound the church, the aristocracy, the intelligentsia.

Menshikov believed that every nation should persistently fight for its national identity. “When it comes to the violation of the rights of a Jew, a Finn, a Pole, an Armenian, an indignant cry rises: everyone screams about respect for such a shrine as nationality. But as soon as the Russians mention their nationality, their national values: indignant cries rise - misanthropy! Intolerance! Black Hundred Violence! Gross outrage!"

The outstanding Russian philosopher Igor Shafarevich wrote: “Mikhail Osipovich Menshikov is one of a small number of insightful people who lived in that period of Russian history, which to others seemed (and still seems) cloudless. But sensitive people already then, at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, saw the main root of the impending troubles that later befell Russia and are still experienced by us (and it is not clear when they will end). Menshikov saw this basic vice of society, which carries the danger of future deep upheavals, in the weakening of the national consciousness of the Russian people ... ".

Portrait of a modern liberal

Many years ago, Menshikov vigorously exposed those in Russia who, like today, denounced her, relying on the "democratic and civilized" West. “We,” wrote Menshikov, “we do not take our eyes off the West, we are fascinated by it, we want to live just like that and no worse than “decent” people live in Europe. Under the fear of the most sincere, acute suffering, under the pressure of a felt urgency, we must furnish ourselves with the same luxury that is available to Western society. We must wear the same clothes, sit on the same furniture, eat the same dishes, drink the same wines, see the same spectacles that Europeans see. In order to satisfy their increased needs, the educated stratum makes ever greater demands on the Russian people.

The intelligentsia and the nobility do not want to understand that high level consumption in the West is linked to its exploitation of much of the rest of the world. No matter how hard the Russian people work, they will not be able to reach the level of income that they receive in the West by pumping in their favor the unpaid resources and labor of other countries ...

The educated stratum demands extreme effort from the people in order to secure a European level of consumption, and when this fails, they are indignant at the inertness and backwardness of the Russian people.

Didn't Menshikov paint a portrait of today's Russophobic liberal "elite" more than a hundred years ago with his incredible insight?

Courage for honest work

Well, aren't these words of an outstanding publicist addressed to us today? “The feeling of victory and overcoming,” wrote Menshikov, “the feeling of domination on one’s own land was not at all suitable for only bloody battles. Courage is needed for all honest work. Everything that is most precious in the struggle with nature, everything brilliant in science, arts, wisdom and faith of the people - everything is driven precisely by the heroism of the heart.

Every progress, every discovery is like a revelation, and every perfection is a victory. Only a people accustomed to battles, saturated with the instinct of triumph over obstacles, is capable of something great. If there is no sense of dominance among the people, there is no genius. Noble pride falls - and a person becomes a slave from a master.

We are a prisoner of slavish, unworthy, morally insignificant influences, and it is precisely from here that our poverty and incomprehensible weakness among the heroic people.

Was it not because of this weakness that Russia collapsed in 1917? Isn't that why the mighty Soviet Union collapsed in 1991? Is it not the same danger that threatens us today if we give in to the global onslaught on Russia from the West?

Revenge of the revolutionaries

Those who undermined the foundations Russian Empire, and then in February 1917 they seized power in it, did not forget and did not forgive Menshikov for his position as a staunch statesman and fighter for the unity of the Russian people. The publicist was suspended from work in New Time. Having lost their home and savings, which were soon confiscated by the Bolsheviks, the winter of 1917-1918. Menshikov spent in Valdai, where he had a dacha.

In those bitter days, he wrote in his diary: “February 27, March 12, 1918. Russian year great revolution. We are still alive, thanks to the Creator. But we are robbed, ruined, deprived of work, expelled from our city and home, doomed to starvation. And tens of thousands of people were tortured and killed. And all of Russia has been thrown into an abyss of disgrace and calamity unprecedented in history. What will happen next is scary to think about - that is, it would be scary if the brain were not already full and insensible filled with impressions of violence and horror.

In September 1918, Menshikov was arrested and shot five days later. An article published in Izvestia stated: “The famous Black Hundred publicist Menshikov was shot by the emergency field headquarters in Valdai. The monarchist conspiracy, headed by Menshikov, was revealed. An underground Black Hundred newspaper was published calling for the overthrow of the Soviet regime.

There was not a word of truth in this message. There was no conspiracy and Menshikov did not publish any newspaper at that time.

He was being avenged for his former position as a staunch Russian patriot. In a letter to his wife from prison, where he spent six days, Menshikov wrote that the Chekists did not hide from him that this trial was an "act of revenge" for his articles published before the revolution.

The execution of the outstanding son of Russia took place on September 20, 1918, on the shore of Lake Valdai opposite the Iversky Monastery. His widow, Maria Vasilievna, who witnessed the execution with her children, later wrote in her memoirs: “Arriving in custody at the place of execution, the husband stood facing the Iberian Monastery, clearly visible from this place, knelt down and began to pray. The first volley was fired to intimidate, but this shot wounded the husband's left hand near the wrist. The bullet tore out a piece of meat. After this shot, the husband looked back. Another volley followed. Shot in the back. The husband fell to the ground. Immediately, Davidson jumped up to him with a revolver and fired at point-blank range twice in the left temple.<…>The children saw the execution of their father and wept in horror.<…>Chekist Davidson, having shot in the temple, said that he was doing it with great pleasure.

Today, Menshikov's grave, miraculously preserved, is located in the old city cemetery of the city of Valdai (Novgorod Region), next to the Church of Peter and Paul. Only many years later, relatives achieved the rehabilitation of the famous writer. In 1995, Novgorod writers, with the support of the public administration of Valdai, opened a marble memorial plaque on the Menshikov estate with the words: "He was shot for his convictions."

In connection with the anniversary of the publicist, the All-Russian Menshikov Readings were held at the St. Petersburg State Marine Technical University. “In Russia there has never been and there is no publicist equal to Menshikov,” Mikhail Nenashev, the chairman of the All-Russian Fleet Support Movement, emphasized in his speech.

Vladimir Malyshev

For some situations, it is proposed to use effective, from the point of view of the author, methods of converting translational movements into rotational ones - in order to use them together with conventional dynamos.

Solenoid with magnet

The first linear energy converters were created at the beginning of the nineteenth century (in the works of Faraday and Lenz) and were solenoids with permanent magnets moving inside them. But these devices were used only in physical laboratories to formulate the laws of electromagnetism.

Subsequently, only generators operating from rotational movements received serious application. But now humanity "remembers the long-forgotten old." So, “eternal” or “Faraday induction flashlights” have recently been created, powered by shaking and based on a “translational generator” - this is the same solenoid, with a permanent magnet oscillating inside it, plus a rectifier system, a smoothing element and storage. (It should be noted that for the appearance of current in the solenoid, it is not necessary to push in and out the magnet inside it - it is enough, and no less effective, to bring the magnet closer and further away from the electric coil, if a core is inserted into it, preferably a ferrite one).

On the Internet you can find a description of how to make a generator that feeds bicycle headlights, working on the same principle - from the movement of a magnet inside the solenoid (the shaking here is already provided not by a human hand, but by the vehicle itself - a bicycle).

Translational generators have appeared and are being designed, using the "piezoelectric effect" - the ability of some crystals to produce electric charges during deformation.

These are, for example, the well-known piezoelectric lighters. French scientists (in particular, Jean-Jacques Shellot in Grenoble is doing this) decided to substitute piezocrystalline modules under raindrops and thus receive electricity. In Israel, Innowatech is developing a way to generate electricity from the pressure of cars on the roadway - piezocrystals will be placed under the highway. And in the Netherlands, in a similar way, they plan to “collect” electricity from under the floor of the dance hall.

All of the above examples, except for the use of rain energy, relate to the "removal" of energy from the results of human activity. Here it is possible to propose the placement of translational generators in the shock absorbers of cars and trains, as well as the supply of these Vehicle enlarged copies of the above-described bicycle generators, powered by shaking, and, in addition, the location of translational generators under the rails of the railways.

New way wind use

Let us now consider how to make better use of wind energy. Known wind power generators, in which the wind rotates the propellers, and they, in turn, are the shafts of dynamos. But propellers are not always easy to use. If used in residential areas, they require additional space and must be enclosed in nets for safety. They can spoil appearance, obscure the sun and impair visibility. Rotating generators are difficult to manufacture: good bearings and balancing of the rotating parts are required. And wind turbines placed on parked electric vehicles can be stolen or damaged.

The author proposes to use more convenient working bodies, which will be affected by the wind: shields, plates, sails, inflatable forms. And instead of the usual dynamos, there are special mounts in the form of translational generators, in which electricity will be generated from mechanical movements and pressures produced by working bodies. In such fixtures, both piezocrystals and solenoids with movable magnetic cores can be used. The currents created by these mounts will pass through rectifiers, smoothing elements and charge batteries for further use of the generated electricity. All parts of such translational generators are easy to manufacture.

Shields with similar fastenings, placed on the walls of buildings, balconies, etc., will bring only benefits instead of inconvenience: sound and heat insulation, shade. They practically do not require additional space. Billboards, canopies from the sun or rain, equipped with such mounts and "rain" piezoelectric modules, will, in addition to their main function, also generate electricity. By the same principle, you can make any fence work.

Energy-producing windows and poles

It is possible to use durable glass in the windows as "wind intakes", and place the electrically generating fixtures in the frame.

If we take the case of electric vehicles, then the mounts can be switched: in the parking lot, where vibration of the windows from the wind is permissible, electric-generating mounts will be used, and when driving, so as not to violate the aerodynamic properties of the electric vehicle, ordinary ones. Although when using piezocrystals, very little backlash can be achieved and switching is not required.

In a simpler (non-transparent version of the shields) in the parking lot, ordinary windows are lowered and shield wind generators are inserted instead, resting on the window frames with fasteners. The same can be done in the house at night, when windows should not let in light: instead of glasses or external shutters, install similar wind turbines.

A support in the form of a tripod for a lamppost or a cellular antenna will generate electricity if we, in each “leg”, dividing them across into two parts, place the above-described power-generating mount at the junction. A lantern or antenna pole can be placed in a hollow cylinder buried and reinforced with similar electric generators placed around the outer rim - this is another option.

Lanterns on poles equipped with such a “support” can work independently, without supplying power cables to them - after all, they always swing from the wind or from vibrations of the roadway. Such lanterns should be in great demand where either there are no power plants, or the area is not yet "covered" by wiring.

In addition, translational generators allow us to use also such “natural wind intakes” as trees, because their branches sway from the wind. With trees, it is better to use solenoid-type generators, and not on piezocrystals. Solenoids with magnets and springs will provide a soft "harness".

Here is one possible use case for swinging a branch. We fix one rope coming from the bobbin of an electric coil on the trunk or attach it to an “anchor” (such as a sea anchor) buried in the ground, and we fix the second, connected to a magnet, to a swinging branch. You can not fix the bobbin - leave only the connection with the branch. Then the generator will work from a shake, which will be provided to it by the swinging of the branch from the wind (the spring will not let the coil fall).

"Flying" electricity

As for the inflatable "working bodies" for translational wind power generators, many have seen advertising inflatable figures on gas stations that sway from the wind.

Such inflatable forms (they can be made in the form of balls, ellipsoids, air mattresses, etc.) can also work on environmentally friendly electricity. Their advantage is that, having “untied themselves” and driven by the wind, they do not seriously injure any of the people.

So, for example, you can use a balloon as a working fluid for a solenoid-type translational wind power generator. The magnet is attached to the ball, and the coil is “anchored”, and it is better to use elastic connections so as not to break the ball and damage the coil and electronics (rectifier, smoothing and storage systems mentioned above).

Wind energy can also be used to generate electricity sailing ships in the places where the sails are attached (electrically generating mounts on piezocrystals are more suitable here, so as not to create large movements). The generated electricity will be used to charge the battery as an additional energy opportunity in case of calm, for driving on an electric motor and for the internal needs of the ship, for example, for lighting and refrigeration units.

Wave energy

Now let's see how to use the energy of sea and river waves. It is possible to make such progressive action generators, where not large shields or other large geometric shapes, but small plates, will serve as working bodies.

Power-generating mounts will remain the same (on solenoids or on piezocrystals), but only smaller. We will install sets of such lamellar electric generators on floating facilities at the level of their waterlines. They (generators), due to their small size, will not spoil the contour of the ship too much. Care should also be taken to waterproof the generators by placing them under a waterproof elastic shell. The waves hitting the vessel (on the plates) will generate electricity for the engine (undercarriage) and for the internal needs of the vessel, which will make it possible to get rid of the bulky and dangerous (turning the craft) sail, which, moreover, is difficult to go against the wind, and polluting internal combustion engines and generators.

Using the wave energy near the shore is even easier by attaching the solenoids to the pier, landing stage or other structure. Here we take more shields and mounts: in this case, streamlining will only hurt.

Raft Generator

For the same purpose (the use of wave energy), a “raft-electric generator” is intended. Here, the waves will provide the movement of the floats relative to each other, which, with the help of hinged racks, will cause the magnets to move relative to the solenoids.

Recall that magnets, solenoids, and springs make up translational generators attached to hinged racks. The battery and the electronic unit are enclosed in a common rigid casing suspended on ropes from the racks.

The system of racks, hinges and springs, without completely limiting the mutual movements of the floats, at the same time will not allow the raft to fall apart. And the relative movement of the magnets and solenoids will ensure the generation of current in the solenoid windings, which will be transmitted through wires to the electronic unit. There it will pass through a rectifier and a smoothing element, after which it will enter the raft's battery or be transferred via cables to the shore or to the ship towing the raft for its energy needs.

For a more complete use of all directions of wave action, it is possible to make a conglomerate of such rafts, placing them at an optimal angle relative to each other, or on one raft to make a complex (taking into account all possible relative displacements of the floats), more complex system of racks of hinges and springs.

Using water level differences

Progressive generators are also suitable for using the energy of water level differences at rivers, waterfalls, tides and tides. They will work instead of hydro turbines. Their efficiency, according to preliminary estimates, is less, but translational generators, together with related devices, are easier to build here: after all, hydroturbine generators, due to their belonging to rotating ones, need manufacturing accuracy, balancing and good bearings.

The simplest to implement is the following scheme. The solenoid is fixed on the shore (very well to the bridge) of a river or waterfall, and a float lowered into the water is attached to the magnet. If the current is turbulent, as we observe in fast rivers and waterfalls, then the float will oscillate and transmit vibrations to the magnet, which is what is required to generate electricity. The magnet together with the float will not float away due to the fact that the magnet is fixed to the bottom of the solenoid bobbin by a spring. This scheme is very similar to the above float scheme for using wave energy.

There is another rather well-known system. From above, a continuous stream of water flows into the storage bowl, for example, from a drainage channel from a river. The bowl is filling up. When the hydrostatic pressure on the end of the tube located in this container exceeds a certain “closing threshold” (after all, there is still air in the tube), water will begin to pass through it and pour out onto the translational generator below. The water level in the bowl will drop below the curved end of the tube, and the air will again “block” it.

Due to the inflow of water from above, the tank will again be filled to the maximum level. And with it, hydrostatic pressure is able to "unlock" the tube (and so on). This ensures an intermittent drop of water on the progressive generator, which is required for generating electricity. After the “work” is completed, the water will flow down to the water collector, from where it will flow back into the river through the appropriate channel, but at a lower level.

Translational generators designed to use intermittent drops of liquid on them look like this. Solenoid type - here an inclined cuvette for collecting and draining water is rigidly attached to a magnet located inside a fixed solenoid. And the magnet itself is supported from below by a spring fixed to the bottom of the solenoid bobbin. Piezoelectric type - here the same cuvette is based on a piezoelectric crystal.

There is a device of the same purpose, but of a different type - it is a bowl that rotates (in a vertical plane) on a hinge. It has different centers of gravity in the unfilled and filled states. In the unfilled state, the bowl is in stable equilibrium: it rests on a hinge and a stand. The vertical, lowered from its center of gravity, passes through the support area. But as the bowl is filled with water, for example, from the outlet channel from the river, its center of gravity shifts. And when the vertical, lowered from the new center of gravity, goes beyond the area of support, the bowl will begin to turn over.

As you turn over, the vertical from the center of gravity will more and more go beyond the support area. In the end, the liquid from the bowl will pour out onto the forward generator, and then into the water collector and into the channel returning to the river. The empty bowl will return to its original position of stable equilibrium, begin to fill with water again, and the cycle will repeat.

Design improvement

You can think of many more possibilities for the use of progressive electric generators, options for their design and related devices. The author hopes that these generators will occupy their "niche" in the field of generating environmentally friendly electricity.

If, for some reason, translational electric generators cannot be built and applied, or there are already conventional generators operating from rotational movements, then some translational movements that have sufficient amplitude (for example, the swinging of tree branches from the wind, the movement of a float or a balloon), can still be used, since there are mechanical transmissions that convert translational movements into rotational ones.

You can name, for example, rack and pinion gear, screw (like a children's toy - yule) and belt with a reel: we wind a strap, fishing line or cable on the reel and attach a return spring to it, for example, a spiral one. And for even greater efficiency in generating electricity in this way, it is necessary to put a gearbox as a multiplier, as in a car or bicycle, and switch speeds (gear ratio) depending on the strength of the wind or waves for the current day or hour.

If we estimate how much of the "surface" air surface exposed to winds is not yet "used" to generate electricity, which water surface with waves and how many rivers and waterfalls are not yet "working" (this is not to mention the sun's rays and geothermal sources), we will see that clean energy has a great future.

Traditional internal combustion engines are distinguished by the fact that pistons act as the initial link, which perform well-coordinated reciprocating movements. After the invention of crank units, specialists were able to achieve torque. In some modern models, both links perform the same type of movement. This option is considered the most practical.

For example, in a linear generator, there is no need to act on reciprocating actions, while extracting a rectilinear component. Application modern technologies made it possible to adapt the output voltage of the unit for the user, due to this, part of the closed electrical circuit does not perform rotational movements in a magnetic field, but only translational.

Description

A linear generator is often referred to as a permanent magnet product. The unit is designed for efficient conversion of mechanical energy diesel engine on a weekend electricity. Permanent magnets are responsible for this task. A high-quality generator can be made on the basis of different geometric schemes. For example, the starter and rotor can be made in the form of coaxial discs that rotate relative to each other.

Experts call such linear generators disk or simply axial. The scheme used in production allows you to create high-quality units of compact dimensions with the most dense layout. Such a product can be safely installed in a limited space. The most popular are cylindrical and radial generators. In such products, the starter and the rotor are made in the form of coaxial cylinders nested in each other.

Characteristic

The linear generator belongs to the field of power engineering, since its skillful use can increase fuel efficiency and minimize toxic gas emissions in common free-piston internal combustion engines. In a self-contained product, in which electricity is converted by coupling between a permanent magnet and a fixed winding, the cylinders paired with the pistons have a characteristic conical prechamber. The generator functions with modified compression strokes. The winding and the search magnet are designed so that the resulting ratio between the amounts of mechanical energy used to produce electricity is equal to that available between the compression ratios.

Design

The search magnet in classic generators differs in the principle of structure, since manufacturers have completely excluded rubbing parts, such as current-collecting brushes and collectors. The absence of such mechanisms increases the degree of reliability of the diesel power plant. The end user does not have to spend large sums on equipment maintenance. The design of a permanent magnet diesel fuel linear generator allows experts to reliably provide valuable electricity to various laboratories, residential buildings, as well as small production facilities.

The high degree of reliability, availability and easy start-up make such installations simply indispensable when it is necessary to provide a backup power source. The negative aspects of linear generators include the fact that the most reliable design does not allow you to get high voltage output current. If you need to provide power to powerful equipment, then the user will have to use multi-band models, the cost of which is much higher than the basic installations.

Linear circuits

This is a separate category of parts that is in great demand among professionals. In accordance with Ohm's law, the current in linear electrical circuits is proportional to the applied voltage. The resistance level is constant and absolutely independent of the voltage applied to it. If the I–V characteristic of an electrical element is a straight line, then such an element is called linear. It should be noted that in real conditions it is difficult to achieve high performance, as the user needs to create optimal conditions.

For classical electrical elements, linearity is conditional. For example, the resistance of a resistor depends on temperature, humidity, and other parameters. In hot weather, the performance increases significantly, due to which the mechanism loses its linearity.

Advantages

The universal permanent magnet linear generator compares favorably with all modern analogues by numerous positive characteristics:

Light weight and compact. This effect is achieved due to the absence of a crank mechanism.
Affordable price.
High quality MTBF due to lack of combustion system.
Manufacturability. Only labor-intensive operations are used to produce durable parts.
Adjusting the volume of the fuel combustion chamber without stopping the engine.
The base load current of the generator does not affect the magnetic field, which does not entail a decrease in the performance of the equipment.
There is no ignition system.

Flaws

Despite many positive characteristics, a multifunctional generator with high-quality slave cylinder bushings has some negative characteristics. Negative feedback from the owners is associated with the difficulty of obtaining an output voltage in the form of a sinusoid. But even this shortcoming can be easily eliminated if universal electronic and converting equipment is used. Beginners need to be prepared for the fact that the unit is equipped with several internal combustion cylinders. The classic adjustment of the volume of the fuel chamber is carried out according to the same principle as in the test piece.

Diesel plants

Every man can make a linear generator with his own hands, which will have optimal performance. The main thing is to follow the basic recommendations and prepare everything in advance necessary tools. A diesel linear generator is useful if the user has to independently make changes to the existing electrical network. The unit will help to significantly simplify the implementation of professional and domestic tasks. Any product needs periodic maintenance. Any master will cope with such manipulations if he knows the principle of operation of the mechanism.

Restrictions

An affordable and reliable linear generator is becoming increasingly popular. As an energy source, this unit can be used both in the domestic and industrial sectors. But every user should be aware of some limitations. During operation, the valve actuator cams are erased, as a result of which the mechanism does not open, due to which the power drops to critical levels.

Due to frequent use, the edges of the hot valve quickly burn out. The device contains liners - plain bearings, which are located on the crankshaft journal. Over time, these products are also erased. As a result, a free space is formed through which the filled oil begins to pass.

Fuel pump

The drive of this unit is presented in the form of a cam surface, which is firmly clamped between the piston roller and the housing itself. The mechanism performs reciprocating movements together with the connecting rod of the internal combustion engine. If the master plans to change the amount of fuel ejected per cycle, then he must carefully rotate the cam surface with respect to the longitudinal axis. In this situation, the rollers of the pump piston and housing will move or move apart (it all depends on the direction of rotation). The resulting voltage and electricity generated during various cycles, cannot be attributed to the category of automatically proportional changes in mechanical energy.

This approach involves the use of large batteries, which are most often installed between the internal combustion part and electric motors. The use of a linear generator allows you to maintain a favorable environmental situation environment. The experts managed to minimize the formation of toxic compounds during the operation of the unit, which is highly valued in modern society.