What are the leaves of a rhododendron. Rhododendron, or Rosewood
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Rhododendron- This is a genus of plants of the Heather family, numbering at least 800 species of artisanal and tree-like plants, distributed mainly in the Northern Hemisphere, from the tundra to the tropical zone. More than 20 species of rhododendron grow on the territory of the Russian Federation, most of them in Siberia and the Far East.Translated from the Latin Rhododendron means "tree of roses". This name was given to the plant by the British botanist Joseph Hooker.
Rhododendron is popular in oriental medicine, in particular in the medicine of the peoples of Tibet. AT traditional medicine this plant is used as an antifungal, anti-inflammatory, tonic, diuretic and bactericidal agent. In addition, widely known healing properties rhododendron in cardiovascular diseases.
Not all types of rhododendron have medicinal properties. Most often, four species are used as medicinal plants, the properties of which will be described below. This is:
- Rhododendron golden;
- Caucasian rhododendron;
- Sagan-dayla (Adams' rhododendron);
- Dahurian rhododendron.
Rhododendron in spring - photo
golden rhododendron
Dahurian rhododendron
Caucasian rhododendron
Rhododendron Adams
golden rhododendron
Latin: Rhododendron aureumplant description
Rhododendron golden is an evergreen shrub reaching a height of 0.8 m. The trunk and branches are covered with dark brown bark. The branches hang low over the soil, strongly curved.The leaves of the shrub are dense, leathery, short-petiolate, alternate, entire, oval or ovoid. Each leaf reaches a length of 35 - 70 mm, a width of 10 - 25 mm.
The flowers are quite large, yellow, collected in 5-10 pieces in umbrellas at the ends of the branches.
The fruit is a five-celled elongated box, inside which many small seeds are formed.
Golden rhododendron grows in Western, Eastern Siberia and the Far East.
It grows on the slopes of mountains, in stony placers, in alpine tundra, at the edge of the forest.
Beneficial features
In folk, traditional medicine and homeopathy, the leaves, flowers and stems of the plant are used.All medicinal types of rhododendrons have approximately the same properties. However, each type has certain advantages. In particular, golden rhododendron and preparations based on it effectively help with heart failure, general or local circulatory disorders, and increased venous pressure. Golden rhododendron has a diuretic effect, stimulates blood circulation, removes excess fluid from the body, relieves shortness of breath, and stabilizes the function of the heart muscle. Besides, this species rhododendron has pronounced antibacterial properties, and effectively fights such common pathogenic bacteria as Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, as well as a wide range of intestinal microorganisms. It has also been found that golden rhododendron is effective in the treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases. oral cavity and throat (stomatitis, gingivitis, tonsillitis).
Daurian rhododendron (ledum)
Latin: Rhododendron dauricumplant description
Daurian rhododendron is a perennial (more than 50 years) evergreen or deciduous shrub belonging to the genus Rhododendron, the Heather family. Reaches a height of 2 m.The species got its name from Dauria - a land in the Far East inhabited by the Daur people. In Russia, it has long been called Ledum, although the official name Ledum is another plant of the heather genus.
The shrub of the Dahurian rhododendron strongly branches, the branches are directed upwards. The number of branches reaches 20-40 pieces.
The leaves are elongated, oval, small in size (2-4 cm long, up to 1 cm wide), the edges are bent. The front side of the leaf is smooth, dark green, the back is covered with scales, has a brownish tint. The leaves on the shrub appear towards the end of the flowering period.
The flowering period of the Daurian rhododendron falls in the middle of spring, and lasts about two weeks.
At the ends of the shoots from 1-3 buds, large funnel-shaped flowers appear with pink, pink-lilac or white petals. The size of the flower in diameter is no more than 4 cm. Rhododendron flowers have a strong intoxicating aroma.
The fruit is an elongated oval capsule with numerous seeds. Ripens in late summer - early autumn (August - September).
It grows naturally in Eastern Siberia, the Far East, in the northeastern regions of China, as well as in Mongolia and the Korean Peninsula.
It occurs wild in coniferous and oak forests. It grows mainly on rocky soil and on mountain slopes.
Beneficial features
Daurian rhododendron has the same positive properties as other medicinal types of rhododendron. However, there are a number of positive properties due to which it stands out from the general series:- Daurian rhododendron has a positive effect on the work of the heart. It has a calming effect on the heart muscle, relieves heart palpitations.
- Eliminates shortness of breath.
- Enhances cardiac activity.
- Removing excess fluid from the body, rhododendron eliminates edema.
- In hypertensive patients, Dahurian rhododendron preparations effectively reduce pressure.
Rhododendron Adams (Sagan-Dali, Sagan-Daila)
Latin: Rhododendron adamsiiplant description
Dali sagaan (sagan-dali, sagan-dayla, Adams' rhododendron) is an evergreen shrub of the genus Rhododendron. ancient legend says that the warriors who won the battle stuck their spears into the soil of the Sayan Mountains to fill it with strength. Later, grass appeared on the slopes of the Sayans, which gave people energy and health.The shrub reaches a height of 50 cm. The branches are splayed in different directions.
The leaves are elongated, oval in shape, 1-2 cm long, 5-10 mm wide, hard, naked on the front side, dark green, yellowish on the back, covered with scales.
The flowers are pink or light pink, up to 15 mm in diameter, form large corymbose inflorescences of 7-15 flowers.
The fruit is a five-leaved box in which many seeds are formed. Ripens by mid-autumn.
The flowering period is from June to August.
The plant is listed in the Red Book of the Republic of Buryatia.
Rhododendron Adams is found in the mountains of Eastern Siberia, in the Far East, on Sakhalin Island, and also in the northeast of Tibet.
Prefers moist rocky soils. Demanding on air humidity.
The plant has a pleasant aroma.
Beneficial features
The culture of using sagan-daily dates back thousands of years. Traditionally, it is consumed in the form of tea.Rhododendron Adams is a powerful stimulant.
In Tibet, Adams' rhododendron bears the name "herb that prolongs life." And, apparently, not in vain - the grass increases the energy tone, fills a person with strength. Sagan-dailya increases efficiency and endurance, as well as potency in men. Also, this wonderful herb increases mental performance, improves concentration and even improves mood. In addition, it affects sleep - a person gets enough sleep in a shorter time.
In addition to the above, Rhododendron Adams has a number of healing properties:
- normalizes metabolic processes in the body;
- strengthens the immune system;
- suppresses pathogenic microflora in the gastrointestinal tract;
- increases the body's resistance to pain, stress and climate change;
- regulates the function of the heart, strengthens blood vessels, reduces their permeability;
- reduces irritability and fatigue;
- relieves headache;
- stabilizes pressure;
- cleanses the respiratory tract and kidneys, promotes the dissolution of kidney stones;
- cures a hangover.
With regular use, sagan daily has a rejuvenating effect and prevents early aging of the body.
To prepare traditional tea from sagan-daily, 3-5 leaves and stems of the plant are put in 200 ml of boiling water.
special instructions
When using Adams rhododendron, care should be taken to avoid overdose, the symptoms of which are headache and hypertension. In general, sagan-dali is a powerful energy stimulator, and requires a competent approach. With its daily use after a month, you should take a break for 2-4 weeks, since the continuous use of the plant can be addictive and destabilizing. immune system.Caucasian rhododendron (alpine rose)
Latin: Rhododendron caucasicumplant description
Caucasian rhododendron is an evergreen shrub of the genus Rhododendron.It grows up to one and a half meters in height. The stem is covered with dark brown bark.
The leaves are elongated-elliptical, covered with short yellow villi on the back.
The flowers form umbrellas. The petals are white, light cream and light pink.
The fruit is an oblong capsule with many seeds.
In the wild, it is found only in the Caucasus (Greater and Lesser Caucasus), as well as in the adjacent regions of Turkey.
Beneficial features
Caucasian rhododendron has established itself as a valuable medicinal plant in the treatment of diseases of the heart and blood vessels. It also shows positive properties in rheumatic diseases. In general, the Caucasian rhododendron exhibits the same medicinal properties, as other medicinal types of rhododendrons.Azalea
Azalea is the collective name for some species of rhododendron that have beautiful flowers. The Latin word Azalea, which refers to a plant, translates as "dry". Most types of azaleas are thin and bony, especially after the leaves have fallen, which confirms their name. Recently, the name "azalea" means rhododendrons grown indoors - in room conditions, in greenhouses, etc.
Collection and storage of rhododendron leaves
The main medicinal raw material of rhododendron is its leaves. Rhododendron leaves, harvested for medicinal purposes, can be collected in June, July and August. However best time for their collection, the flowering period is considered. Collection is done manually. Dry the leaves in the shade good ventilation, stirring occasionally.The leaves of the shrub of the 2nd and 3rd year of life have the greatest benefit, since at this time they are rich in substances that cause the healing effect of the plant.
Compound
Medicinal properties of rhododendrons are determined by their chemical composition. The following are the main useful material, which are part of the leaves and flowers of golden rhododendron, Caucasian rhododendron, Daurian rhododendron, etc .:- Rhododendrin;
- Rutin;
- Arbutin;
- Andromedotoxin;
- Tannins (including gallic acid);
- Vitamin C;
- Fructose;
- Essential oils;
- Phytoncides, etc.
Vitamin C
- Neutralizes free radicals;
- regulates redox reactions in the body;
- participates in sugar metabolism;
- participates in the process of hemocoagulation;
- stimulates tissue regeneration;
- increases immunity;
- strengthens blood vessels, reduces their permeability, etc.
Rutin
Rutin, contained in the leaves of rhododendron, is one of the flavonoids belonging to the vitamin P group. It has a number of special properties:- reduces the permeability of blood vessels;
- stimulates the absorption of ascorbic acid, enhances its effect;
- increases the resistance of the immune system to infectious agents;
- has an anti-inflammatory effect;
- lowers blood pressure;
- exhibits diuretic properties;
- stimulates the adrenal cortex;
- reduces the severity of a number of pathological symptoms of allergy, incl. asthmatic diseases;
- reduces the level of "bad cholesterol" in the blood;
- prevents bleeding.
Fructose
Rhododendron petals contain a valuable carbohydrate - fructose. Fructose has a number of valuable properties for the body:- Has a tonic effect. Quickly replenishes glycogen (reserve carbohydrate) in the liver, and thus contributes to the most quick recovery body, increases its performance, both physical and mental.
- The use of fructose helps to strengthen the immune system.
- Adding fructose to a child's diet significantly reduces the likelihood of developing caries and diathesis.
- Compared to glucose, the hormone insulin is needed in a much smaller volume for the absorption of fructose. Therefore, this carbohydrate is usually included in the diet of diabetics.
- In addition, scientists have proven that fructose accelerates the breakdown of ethanol in the blood, and also helps cleanse the liver of a number of other toxins.
Arbutin (Ericolin, Arbutoside)
Arbutin is an organic compound, a phenol glycoside. Shows antiseptic properties. Due to the antiseptic properties of arbutin, rhododendron, like other plants containing this substance, is used in the treatment of bladder diseases. This is because approximately 3/4 of the arbutin that enters the digestive tract is excreted through the kidneys and urinary tract.Arbutin has the ability to inhibit the formation of melanin in the skin. Therefore, it is included in some cosmetic products for skin lightening.
There are conflicting opinions among scientists regarding the effect of arbutin on the likelihood of developing cancer. According to some reports, arbutin increases the risk of developing tumor pathologies. At the same time, some scientists are of the opinion that this glycoside, on the contrary, reduces the likelihood of developing oncology. However, to date, there are no research results that reliably prove the carcinogenic properties of arbutin preparations.
Andromedotoxin
Andromedotoxin is a toxic organic compound found in rhododendrons, and is characterized by a selective effect on nerve cells. This substance has an intoxicating and paralyzing effect, disrupting the function of cell receptors. In addition, this glycoside provokes inflammation of the mucous membranes of the body. The action of andromedotoxin on nerve cells consists of two successive phases: first, it excites the brain and the central nervous system as a whole, and then depresses their functions. Andromedotoxin is a powerful toxin, its overdose is fatal. Therefore, rhododendron cannot be used uncontrollably, it should be strictly dosed, especially when taken orally.Andromedotoxin is found not only in the leaves, but also in the flowers and in the nectar of the plant. Therefore, rhododendron honey should be used with caution so as not to cause poisoning.
essential oil of rhododendron
Rhododendrons contain a number of common components in the composition of essential oils. Among them: a-pinene, camphene, p-pinene, p-myrcene, p-cymene, limonene, bornylacetate, a-copaene, caryophyllene, humulene, y-murolene, a-murolene, y-cadinene, 5-cadinene.The essential oil of rhododendron has found application in medicine due to its bactericidal properties. In particular, it effectively destroys the bacteria of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis group and thus helps in curing tuberculosis.
The essential oil of rhododendron is widely used in the manufacture of perfumes. It is also known to reduce skin irritation when added to shaving lotion.
Rhododendrin
Rhododendrin is a glycoside found in rhododendron leaves. In terms of its effect on the human body, it is similar to cardiac glycosides. It has a cardiotonic and antiarrhythmic effect. Thanks to this substance, preparations based on rhododendron leaves are used in the treatment of heart failure, arrhythmia and other cardiovascular diseases.Gallic acid
Gallic acid is an organic acid that neutralizes free radicals in the body, thus slowing down the aging of the body and reducing the risk of developing cancer.Properties of rhododendron
- Tonic;
- General strengthening;
- bactericidal;
- Antipyretic;
- diaphoretic;
- Detoxification;
- Painkiller;
- diaphoretic;
- sedative, etc.
What diseases does rhododendron treat?
Rhododendron preparations, when used correctly, help to cure or improve the condition of the following diseases:- cardiovascular insufficiency;
- dyspnea;
- tachycardia;
- edema;
- increased venous pressure;
- vegetative-vascular dystonia;
- fever;
- headache;
- insomnia;
- irritability;
- diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (diarrhea);
- rheumatism;
- radiculitis;
- polyarthritis;
- neuralgic pains;
- wounds, ulcers;
- boils, carbuncles;
- dermatitis;
- chronic colitis;
- stomatitis, gingivitis, tonsillitis;
- infections (staphylococcus, streptococcus, intestinal infections).
Treatment with rhododendron
Rhododendron leaves
The leaves of rhododendron are the main medicinal raw material of the plant, and the range of their use covers all diseases and conditions for which rhododendron preparations are recommended. In folk medicine, rhododendron leaves are considered an effective remedy for diseases of the heart and blood vessels, as well as for rheumatism, chronic colitis, colds, vegetative-vascular dystonia, epilepsy and other diseases.Rhododendron flowers
In folk medicine, rhododendron flowers are considered effective tool with tachycardia, venous stasis, edema, as well as with high blood pressure.Petals of Dahurian rhododendron flowers can be eaten. They have a sweet taste and pleasant aroma. Usually they are added to salads, or make jam.
Rhododendron in folk medicine
On the basis of flowers, leaves and stems of rhododendron, various preparations are prepared that are effective for a variety of diseases. Infusion of golden rhododendron
Infusion of golden rhododendron leaves is used for the following pathologies:- fever;
- epileptic seizures;
- migraine;
- insomnia;
- irritability, nervousness;
- diseases of the digestive tract (including diarrhea);
- rheumatism, arthritis.
Infusion of golden rhododendron exhibits antibacterial properties, effectively fighting pathogenic intestinal microflora (E. coli, shigella, salmonella). In addition, the agent exhibits bactericidal properties against streptococcus, staphylococcus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Recipe:
Brew one teaspoon of dry crushed leaves of the plant in 200 ml of boiling water, and insist in a thermos for no more than two hours. Then strain and drink 1 tablespoon 2-3 times a day. According to some recommendations, the infusion should be drunk warm.
A decoction of golden rhododendron leaves (ingestion, compresses, baths)
The famous botanist Johann Gmelin claimed that a decoction of golden rhododendron leaves relieves fatigue and muscle pain during long journeys.Recipe:
Pour 0.5 g of dry crushed leaves of the plant with a glass of boiling water in an enamel bowl, then put on low heat, cover and cook for 10-15 minutes. After that, insist the broth under the lid for at least 10 minutes, and strain. The drug is taken orally 1 tablespoon 2-3 times a day. This decoction also has wide application as an external agent.
Outwardly, decoction of the plant is washed with infected wounds, ulcers. Also, the decoction is effective as a rinse for infectious and inflammatory diseases of the mouth and throat (stomatitis, tonsillitis, etc.).
Both infusion and decoction of the plant are used in the form of compresses and lotions for a number of skin pathologies - furunculosis, dermatitis and carbuncles.
Golden rhododendron tincture
Recipe:Fill a fifth of the volume of a glass jar with dry crushed leaves of the plant, and fill it to the top with 40% vodka. Insist in a dark place for 15 days. Take 10-15 drops, dissolving the tincture in water (100-150 ml).
In persons suffering from insufficiency of the heart and blood vessels, tincture of golden rhododendron stimulates blood flow and normalizes the function of the heart muscle.
Externally, the infusion is used in the form of foot baths. Such baths, especially in combination with infusion inside, help with heart diseases (heart failure, palpitations, bradycardia, etc.).
Infusion of the leaves of the Caucasian rhododendron
Dry crushed leaves of Caucasian rhododendron in the amount of 2 g pour a glass of boiling water and leave for a quarter of an hour, then filter. Drink three times a day for 1 tsp.Taking this infusion helps to normalize sleep, relieves irritability, migraines, convulsions, PMS symptoms.
Tincture of leaves and flowers of Caucasian rhododendron
Finely chop the leaves and flowers of rhododendron in the amount of 20 grams, pour a glass of 40% vodka, insist in a place protected from light for two weeks, then filter. Tincture is consumed 2-3 times a day, 20-25 drops, dissolving in 100-150 ml of water.This tincture helps with shortness of breath, tachycardia, venous congestion, edema, high blood pressure.
Infusion of Daurian rhododendron leaves
Brew one teaspoon of dry crushed leaves of Daurian rhododendron in 250 ml of boiling water, let it brew. Drink 3-4 times a day for a teaspoon.This infusion is recommended for intoxication, inflammation of the mucous membrane, migraines. The remedy helps to remove excess fluid from the body, relieves swelling, eliminates shortness of breath, and evens out the heart rhythm.
Infusion of Rhododendron Adams (Sagan-daily) leaves
Brew one teaspoon of dry crushed leaves of sagan-daily grass in a liter of boiling water, leave for 30-40 minutes, then filter. Use an infusion of 200 ml per day before meals, divided into three doses.This infusion has a good sedative effect.
Infusion of leaves and flowers of Rhododendron Adams
Boil 2 g of dry chopped sagan-daily grass in a thermos with 250 ml of boiling water, insist for two hours, then strain through cheesecloth. Infusion drink 1 tbsp. 2 - 3 times a day.Juice from Dahurian rhododendron petals
The juice from the petals of Daurian rhododendron is mixed with cow's cream, and is used in the treatment of stomach and duodenal ulcers, as well as for the healing of ulcers with thrombophlebitis and non-healing wounds.Caucasian rhododendron: useful properties and scope; making tea from Caucasian rhododendron - video
Rhododendron (azalea) honey
People love rhododendrons for their beautiful flowers. However, many are afraid to try rhododendron honey, explaining this by rumors about its toxicity. And it's true, honey of certain varieties of rhododendron can be poisoned. However, not every rhododendron honey is toxic. The Greek historian Xenophon described the effect of such honey on Greek soldiers in the fourth century BC - after eating azalea honey in the evening, all the soldiers had clear signs of poisoning in the morning. Later, the Roman encyclopedist Pliny, having studied the notes of Xenophon, came to the conclusion that we are talking about honey collected from flowers yellow rhododendron
and pontic rhododendron
.Honey poisoning of Pontic rhododendron and yellow rhododendron is manifested by the following symptoms:
- Headache;
- Darkening in the eyes;
- Fainting states.
Andromedotoxin, which causes poisoning and hallucinations, is found in honey only from the Black Sea species of rhododendron. Therefore, if you decide to try rhododendron honey, you should definitely find out where it was collected. The vast majority of cases of poisoning with rhododendron honey are associated with a product brought from Turkey.
Rhododendron honey can be identified by taste, smell and color. The taste of rhododendron honey is moderately sweet and slightly tart, and the color is almost beige, with a slight yellowish tint.
Rhododendron honey has most of the healing properties that honey of other flowers has. For example, Caucasian rhododendron honey helps to cure
The genus of rhododendrons is large and diverse. It includes evergreen, semi-evergreen and deciduous shrubs, shrubs, and sometimes trees. Translated from the Greek rhododendron - "rose tree". But the rhododendron from the heather family has nothing to do with a rose from the rosaceae family. They are connected only by the beauty of flowering and a huge variety of species and varieties.
Rhododendron flower. © Forest Wander Content:
Description of rhododendron
Rhododendron) is a genus of plants in the Heather family. An extensive genus that unites about eight hundred species of evergreen, semi-deciduous and deciduous shrubs and trees.The genus Rhododendron includes azaleas, widely known in indoor and greenhouse floriculture, distinguished by some taxonomists as a subgenus or section of the genus.
Rhododendrons are distributed mainly in the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere, with the greatest diversity of species observed in southern China, the Himalayas, Japan, Southeast Asia, and also in North America. They are also found in the Southern Hemisphere - in New Guinea and in the northeast of Australia. Plants vary greatly in size: some species reach a height of 30 m, but there are also creeping shrubs. The size of the flowers - from tiny to having more than 20 cm in diameter.
In Russia, under natural conditions, up to 18 species are found, mainly in the Caucasus (for example, yellow Rhododendron), Siberia and the Far East.
Rhododendrons. © mozzercork Choosing a place to plant a rhododendron
Highly important point- the right place for planting a rhododendron bush. Rhododendrons dictate their conditions, and they are whimsical in choosing lighting, soil and neighbors - it is not always easy to enter a new bush into an already formed plant community.
The place for planting rhododendrons should be protected from the prevailing winds and direct sunlight, without stagnant water and with an acidic soil reaction.
All rhododendrons need sun, but to varying degrees. Alpine dwarfs are especially sun-loving. Most large-flowered evergreens prefer to grow in partial shade. Some put up with periodic shading, but rhododendrons cannot stand a constant shadow - then they do not bloom at all or bloom very weakly. Pine trees are considered an ideal neighbor for them - there is enough light under them, and deep root system does not interfere with flowering shrubs.
This, by the way, is another prerequisite for planting rhododendrons - so that there are no large trees with a superficial root system near the planting pit. Such as maples, lindens, alders, willows and especially birches - their roots greatly dry up and deplete the soil, and it is difficult for rhododendrons to compete with them. To protect the rhododendron from the underground aggression of large neighbors, the landing pit can be isolated from below and from the sides with a single piece of dense non-woven covering material.
Many years of experience show that these plants feel good near water bodies where the air is humidified. Therefore, they are planted near ponds and lakes, streams and pools. If there is no water nearby, evergreen rhododendrons are sprayed once a week before flowering. But it is undesirable to pour water over flowering plants, it is better to water the bushes more often.
Rhododendron. © Clearly Ambiguous Features of planting rhododendron
The best time for planting rhododendrons is spring. When planted in spring, plants get the opportunity to adapt well and take root in a new place. And you will have the opportunity to admire the first flowering. Plants with a closed root system (in a container) can be planted at a later date.
Landing pits are prepared in advance at the chosen place. The root system of rhododendrons is quite compact, so even for tall species it is enough to dig a hole about 50 cm deep and 70-80 cm wide. The distance between plants depends on the height and diameter of the crown of the bush and averages from 0.7 to 2 m. Drainage to the bottom pits required: layer broken brick and sand 15-20 cm, if the landing pit is deep, then the drainage layer increases to 30-40 cm and includes fine gravel or crushed stone (but not lime!).
It should be remembered that in nature, rhododendrons grow on acidic, humus-rich, loose, air- and water-permeable soils. Therefore, the garden substrate should also be appropriate: a mixture of leafy soil, high-moor peat, coniferous tree litter (3:2:1) with the addition of complete mineral fertilizer: 70 g per pit. The optimum acidity of the soil is 4.5-5.0.
Before planting, the root ball of rhododendron taken out of the pot should be well saturated with water. If it is dry, it is immersed in water and wait for the air bubbles to stop emitting. The bush is planted in a pit filled with substrate, making sure that the root neck is not deepened, but is 2-4 cm higher than the soil level, taking into account its precipitation. A near-stem hole with raised edges is made around the bush and watered abundantly.
Rhododendrons have a shallow, sensitive root system (30-40 cm), which develops mainly in the litter and humus horizon. Therefore, mulching material is necessarily poured around the planted bushes, which retains moisture, prevents overheating of the soil and the growth of weeds, protects the roots from mechanical damage, and reduces the depth of soil freezing. Pine bark or chips, coniferous litter, peat are best suited as mulch, while the mulch layer should be at least 5 cm.
Rhododendron. © brewbooks Rhododendron Care
Properly planted rhododendrons take root well. If the soil substrate was made with high quality, they will not require special care.
In hot and dry summers and even autumn months it is necessary to ensure that the soil under the bushes does not dry out. However, do not get carried away - excessive watering is harmful to them.
Since these plants live in the mountains in conditions of high humidity, as a rule, they respond very well to spraying the entire bush with leaves and flowers. Naturally, this should not be done under the scorching sun and not ice water.
It is best to water with rain or river water. Water from an artesian well or water supply contains a lot of calcium and magnesium salts - in this case, the soil will begin to alkalize and saline, and the rhododendrons will lose their decorative effect. (At first, nothing seems to happen, but after 2–4 years, hard water will do its job.)
So that the soil substrate does not alkalize, water for irrigation must be acidified - best of all with sulfuric acid. It is difficult to specify the exact concentration of acid - it depends on the degree of hardness of the water. The easiest way is to use litmus indicator paper. The hydrogen index (pH) of the water should be 3.5–4.5.
Withered inflorescences, which reduce the decorative effect of the plant, must be broken off or carefully cut off, keeping the axillary buds at the top leaves. This contributes to the abundant growth and flowering of rhododendrons next year.
Wintering of rhododendrons
Wintering is the most important stage in the life of rhododendrons. The flowering of the next year depends on it.
As a rule, deciduous species in conditions middle lane overwinter better than evergreens. Such deciduous rhododendrons as Daurian, Japanese, yellow, Canadian, Ledebour, Schlippenbach do not need to be covered - just in case, cover only the root neck area with dry leaves or peat.
The situation is more complicated with evergreen rhododendrons. Even winter-hardy (Caucasian, Katevbinsky) are best grown with shelter. In winter, they do not freeze as much as dry out - they need protection from wind and sun. For this purpose, good houses, knocked down from boards and covered with roofing material.
Less winter-hardy evergreen rhododendrons will not protect such a shelter. They will need houses covered with porous insulating material (polypropylene foam, polyurethane foam, etc.). Fragile insulation (polystyrene) is unsuitable. The shelter must have a frame, otherwise the fallen snow will bring it down and break the bush.
Frosts can damage the root system of rhododendrons, both evergreen and deciduous, so it needs to be insulated first. As soon as low temperatures are established, the roots are mulched with sour peat or a dry leaf (preferably oak) with a layer of at least 10–15 cm.
When to close and when to open bushes?
And there is no need to hurry with either. Weak frosts (down to -10 ° C) are not dangerous for rhododendrons. But if the shelter is set too early, the root collar will begin to rot and the plant will die. Do not try to be in time for the first snow, which sometimes falls in October. You can shovel the snow, but cover it at the optimal time - in mid-November.
It is also not too early to open the bushes in the spring. Don't let the March sun tempt you. In March, the roots are still dormant in the frozen ground and cannot absorb water. If at this time the shelter is removed, the tender leaves of evergreen rhododendrons will fall under the scorching rays - and will “burn out”, dry out and turn black. It is best to remove shelter from rhododendron bushes when the soil has completely thawed and warmed up a little, and the weather on the chosen day will be cloudy.
Rhododendron. © Tie Guy II Reproduction of rhododendrons
Propagated by seeds and vegetatively (layers, cuttings). Wild-growing species are usually propagated by seeds, and varieties are most often layered and cuttings.
Sowing seeds is carried out in the spring in bowls or boxes, if there are a lot of seeds; small seeds are sown on the surface of the substrate or lightly sprinkled with clean, washed sand, watered abundantly with water, preferably soft (rain or melted snow). tap water acidify by adding 3-4 g of oxalic acid per 10 liters of water. The boxes are covered with glass or film to keep high humidity. A mixture of peat and sand, taken in equal quantities, is suitable as a substrate. Before filling in boxes soil mixture etch with a strong solution of potassium permanganate.
At room temperature, seedlings appear after 3-4 weeks, in some species - after 18 days. When the first leaves appear in seedlings, they should be transferred to a room with a lower temperature, about 8-12 ° C. Then the seedlings are less damaged by diseases. In summer, seedling boxes can be taken out into the garden and placed in a sheltered place, adequately lit, but not in direct sunlight. Shoots of rhododendrons are very small and tender, and they should be watered through the pan, filling it with water until the entire substrate is saturated, after which the excess water is drained.
Even a single drying leads to the death of young plants, but you should not arrange a swamp, which will lead to the death of the roots. For the best development of seedlings, they need to be illuminated. fluorescent lamps, placing them at a distance of 10-15 cm. Daylight hours should be 16-18 hours. On dark winter days, it is better to turn on the backlight in the morning. The first picking of seedlings is carried out in June. They are planted in boxes at a distance of 1.5 cm.
For the winter, the seedlings are returned to warm room and kept at a temperature not exceeding 18 °C. In February-March, a second pick is made, placing the seedlings at a distance of 3-4 cm from each other. After 10 days, they give foliar top dressing with humate, and in the summer - root - universal Kemira, at the rate of 2 g per 2 liters of water. In the third year after sowing, seedlings can be planted in a nursery for growing. Already at 3-4 years of age, some rhododendrons grown from seeds (Daurian, Canadian, Japanese and others) enter the first flowering, which is most often weak and it is recommended to remove the first flowers faster so that the plant can save strength for a more abundant and long flowering in subsequent years.
Plants obtained from rooted cuttings may flower the next year. Rooting substrate: peat and sand (1:1), or sawdust and sand (3:1), or a mixture of peat, perlite, sand (2:2:1). For cuttings, semi-lignified cuttings of rhododendrons are used. They are cut in the second half of June, the length of the cutting is 5-8 cm, an oblique cut is made at the bottom. The lower leaves on the handle are removed, and the top 2-3 are left completely.
Cuttings are treated with growth stimulants: indolylbutyric, indolylacetic, succinic acid at a concentration of 0.02% and kept in them for 12-16 hours, for difficult-to-root varieties, the concentration is 2-4%. Then the cuttings are immersed in the substrate obliquely at an angle of 30 ° C, pressed, watered and the box is covered with glass or film. Cuttings take root better at a substrate temperature of 24-26 ° C, and the air temperature is 2 degrees lower. Required condition - high humidity soil and air surrounding the cuttings. Additional illumination of cuttings (60 W for 4-5 hours a day) accelerates the rooting process.
Deciduous rhododendrons take root in 1.5 months, evergreen - in 3-4.5 months. Rooting results depend on the species and variety. Daurian rhododendron roots form after 50 days. Rooting rate is 85%. Rooted cuttings are grown in containers filled with a mixture of acidic peat (2 parts) and pine needles (or decomposed pine bark) - 1 part.
Top dressing 2 weeks after transplanting into containers with 2% urea. Contain plants at a temperature of 8-12 °C. In the spring, they are planted in beds for growing or continue to be kept in containers for another 1-2 years before planting in a permanent place in the garden.
Rhododendron. © di the huntress Decorative use of rhododendron
The most spectacular rhododendrons look loosely arranged in groups. Landings are desirable to stir along the edges of lawns, near paths and paths. Since rhododendrons are moisture-loving plants, they are best planted near water bodies: ponds, pools, fountains, where in summer time due to high humidity and moderate temperature conditions are the most favorable. There should be at least 3 plants, and at least 1 sq. m. In the absence of adult specimens, dense plantings of young ones can be used with the expectation that as they grow, they will be sparse.
When creating groups, it is not recommended to mix deciduous and evergreen rhododendrons. If planted nearby different kinds, then they must be selected in height: in the center - the highest, along the edges - lower. Rhododendrons are very decorative next to coniferous plants: spruces, pines, thujas, yews. Against a plain dark background, plants with bright colors are especially impressive. Evergreen trees and shrubs planted from the south, east or west protect rhododendrons from cold winds, winter drying and spring sunburn.
Since light partial shade is preferable for normal growth and development of rhododendrons, they can be successfully planted between large, old trees or on the north side of buildings. The territory on the south side is not recommended for planting, especially for evergreen species. In this case, plants are more susceptible to diseases, their leaves turn yellow, growth and flowering weaken.
When placing rhododendrons in groups, one should strictly ensure that they are made up of such varieties and species that are in harmony in the color of the flowers. The most decorative neighborhood of plants with purple, pink and white colors or with various contrasting shades. Rhododendrons with yellow and orange flowers look surprisingly good in plantations. Pale yellow tones effectively set off brighter ones.
Rhododendrons are beautiful not only in groups, but also in solitary plantings. They are especially good on parterre lawns, but it should be borne in mind that the decorative effect is maximum when using an adult (not younger than 10 years old), preferably a tall (1.5-2.0 m) plant, otherwise it will be “lost” on the lawn. Rhododendrons are also used to create hedges and rocky hills. For rock gardens, small-flowered low-growing varieties are most suitable in combination with alpine species of herbaceous plants. In such plantings, rhododendrons should be planted only in groups, which gives a greater effect during flowering.
Rhododendron. © brewbooks Diseases and pests of rhododendron
Rhododendron bug- one of the most common pests of rhododendron. The length of the insect is 3.6 mm. It leaves small discolored spots on the leaves. On the underside, the bug lays brownish eggs that hibernate in leaf tissues. The new generation appears in the summer.
- Control measures: spraying with diazinon.
Mealybug- a small flat pest 2-4 mm in size. Males and females are very different from each other. The females are wingless and immobile. Males with one pair of wings, mobile. The pest gives 2-5 generations per year. It settles on the veins of leaves, young buds and young shoots of rhododendron, climbing into cracks in the bark and buds, sucking out cell sap. With mass reproduction, it causes the curvature of the leaves and the death of plants.
- Control measures: spraying with karbofos 3-4 times a year.
furrowed weevil, or corrugated bevel- An adult beetle, 8-10 cm long, black (young individuals are yellowish-brown), with yellow spots on thick leathery ribbed wings and a short nose. Adults are inactive, but flying. They eat the edges of the leaves, sometimes eat away the buds, buds and flowers, gnaw at the bark. Larvae 1-1.4 cm long, without legs, in appearance resemble the larvae of the cockchafer. They eat the bark at the root neck and the roots themselves, leading the plant to death. The weevil lays eggs throughout the summer. The larvae live and winter in the soil, and pupae form in spring. Beetles appear in May-June.
- Control measures: plants are watered with 0.2-0.3% karbofos emulsion. At night, during the period of activity of adults, they are pollinated with a 0.3% emulsion of karbofos. In June-August, a 0.1-0.15% bazudine solution is sprayed to soak the soil or a layer of mulch. Good results sprayed with diazinon and furadan.
spider mite- an insect up to 0.5 mm long, red, yellow or reddish-green in color. Adults with 8 legs, very mobile. Appears on the underside of the leaf, covering it with a thin cobweb stretched in all directions. It feeds on the juice of the leaves, which turn brownish-gray and fall off.
- Control measures: spraying with agravertin, diazinon.
Asian garden beetle- wide polyphagus. It severely harms plants, eats out irregularly shaped holes in young leaves, often affects the entire leaf, leaving only its veins. The larvae damage the roots and stems of the rhododendron.
- Control measures: spraying with diazinon.
Slug plowed- more often damages the leaves of young plants, gnawing through holes. It feeds mainly at night or on cloudy days. It is dangerous because it can destroy young plants in a short time.
- Control measures: watering with 0.8% TMTD solution, collecting adults.
black thrips- basically, it is a greenhouse pest, but recently it has also been found in open field. Adults are small (1-1.5 mm), black. Larvae yellow color smaller than adult insects. Pests feed on leaves, resulting in holes on the upper side of the leaf. gray color, and black on the bottom. The leaves become silvery gray, turn yellow and fall off. In addition, thrips causes ugly flowers and severe stunting of shoots.
- Control measures: spraying with 0.2-0.3% nicotine solution or 0.2% karbofos emulsion.
Narrow-winged miner moth. Young caterpillars break through tunnel-like passages, eat away the parenchyma of the leaf, covering its surface with spots, twisting the edges of the leaf into a tube for pupation. Damaged leaves dry up, crumble and fall off.
- Control measures: plants are sprayed or fumigated with sulfur.
Mixed chlorosis. Yellow spots appear at the ends and along the edges of the leaves. They can occur due to a lack of nutrients (nitrogen, potassium), which are relatively easily washed out of the soil during irrigation. Another reason may be the stagnation of water at the roots. Usually chlorosis is more pronounced in the second half of July or in August, when the leaves reach normal sizes. Light yellow and intense yellow spots between leaf veins occur when there is a lack of iron or magnesium in the soil, as well as when the root system is compacted, or if the soil reaction is shifted towards alkaline. Sometimes this is caused by a lack of calcium (in the Carolina rhododendron).
- Control measures: foliar top dressing with iron sulfate (7.5 g / l), magnesium sulfate (6.5 g / l).
The result of a lack of nutrients in the soil are red spots along the veins, rolling leaves into a tube, drying out branches. With nitrogen starvation, the leaves of the rhododendron become smaller, the growth is smaller, the flowering is weak, in evergreen plants, the leaves on the shoots remain only 2, and not 3-5 years, as in nature or with normal plant care in culture.
- Control measures: fertilizing with ammonium sulphate or nitrate, or potassium nitrate.
Necrosis- death of the main vein of the leaf, in which the upper side of the leaf turns brown. It can be caused by a sharp drop in air and soil temperature (especially in insufficiently winter-hardy varieties of rhododendron).
The condition of plants can be affected by strong winds, drought, high salt content in the soil, poor aeration of the substrate, mechanical damage to the roots, lack or, conversely, excess of nutrients in the soil. In each individual case, it is necessary to identify the cause and eliminate it.
Genus rhododendrons (emphasis on the third syllable!) is great and varied. It includes evergreen, semi-evergreen and deciduous shrubs, shrubs, and sometimes trees. Translated from Greek rhododendron- "pink tree". But the rhododendron from the heather family has nothing to do with a rose from the rosaceae family. They are connected only by the beauty of flowering and a huge variety of species and varieties.
Before deciding to grow rhododendrons in your garden, you need to understand the nature of these plants. And it is not easy, because their homeland is the humid high-mountain regions of the predominantly northern hemisphere. They grow almost everywhere - from Greenland and Kamchatka to Java, from Alaska to Florida, from the Alps to the Caucasus and the Himalayas. The smallest of them, climbing to a height of up to 4000 meters above sea level, no more than 10 centimeters, however, they manage to endure forty-degree frosts. And the most powerful ones reach up to 10 meters in height. Their flowers, also collected in inflorescences, reach more than 20 centimeters in diameter.
It is clear that, like any highlanders, rhododendrons are proud and unchanging in their passions. And if you decide to plant them, then they will not adapt to you, but will decisively dictate their conditions.
With proper agricultural technology, rhododendrons are quite resistant to diseases and pests. Most often, problems begin in conditions unsuitable for normal development and if the rules of cultivation are not followed.
Plants suffer from severe waterlogging, unbalanced fertilizing, low soil acidity, winter physiological desiccation and sunburn. They can be damaged by fungal diseases (spots, rust) and chlorosis (acute lack of iron and manganese, which occurs when the soil is low in acidity and disappears with the right feeding regimen). By collecting and burning damaged foliage, sanitary pruning, and treating plants with suitable fungicides, many diseases can be resisted.
Rhododendrons are most often damaged by garden snails and slugs (collection and destruction helps), rhododendron bugs, spider mite, mealybug, weevils, scale insects, rhododendra fly, against which insecticides help well.
Rhododendrons are propagated by seeds, cuttings (green and semi-lignified), layering, division of bushes and grafting.
Cut flowers of rhododendron remain fresh for a very long time, and one inflorescence, consisting of 20-30 flowers, is quite capable of replacing a bouquet.
AT Ancient Greece the name "rhododendron" was called an oleander that had nothing to do with it. AT modern meaning this word was first used by the Italian physician and botanist Cesalpino in 1583, and it referred to a single species - rusty rhododendron.
The first serious attempt at systematization was made in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus, who described three evergreen and six deciduous species. Moreover, he attributed evergreens to the genus of rhododendrons, and deciduous - to the genus azaleas. In the future, this division was revised many times, and today only those rhododendrons that are grown indoors - indoors, in greenhouses and winter gardens - are called azaleas.
More details about the cultivation of rhododendrons can be found in the books of M. Alexandrova "Rhododendrons" and I. Gorin "Journey to the Land of Rhododendrons".
Rhododendron dense (Rhododendron impeditum)
Evergreen shrub with a cushion-shaped crown. It blooms from mid-May to mid-June, often again in late summer - early autumn. Flowers 2.5 cm in diameter. Leaves up to 2 cm long, well preserved under snow. Grows very slowly.
Conditions of detention - the sun, takes out a light shade. Care - Regular watering is very useful. Snow serves as shelter from frost and sun; in winters with little snow, you can rake it onto a plant or cover it in advance with spruce branches. It is transplanted easily, like all rhododendrons, thanks to a compact root system. The optimal size of the planting hole, which is filled with the prepared mixture, is 40 x 40 x 40 cm, as for all small types of rhododendrons. Usage - for rock gardens, groups of bushes. Blooms profusely and regularly.
Rhododendron obtuse(Rhododendron obtusum)
Semi-evergreen bushy shrub. Blooms in the second half of May - early June. Flowers about 3 cm in diameter. The leaves are completely preserved under deep snow, in winters with little snow they partially dry out. Hybrid varieties are called "Japanese azaleas" for sale and even assigned to them. Latin name Azalea japonica, which is actually one of the synonyms Japanese rhododendron - a completely different kind. Varieties have the same compact habit, but a variety of colors. Winter hardiness varies: most resistant Ladycanense(light lilac), Maruschka and Melina(raspberry), Rosinetta and Babuschka(pink terry), Schneeperle(white), Satschiko(salmon), Sazava(purple). Conditions of detention - sun or light shade. Care - Water regularly. Usage - good for rock gardens. Usually blooms profusely, grows slowly.
Canadian rhododendron(Rhododendron canadense)
Deciduous shrub. Blossoms in early May, before the leaves bloom. Flowers up to 3 cm in diameter. Leaves up to 5 cm long, reddish-yellow in autumn. Conditions of detention - Grows in full sun and light shade. Wind protection required. Relatively drought-resistant and not very sensitive to temporary waterlogging. Like most rhododendrons, it needs acidic soil (pH 4.5-5.5), moisture-absorbing and breathable. Optimal composition: acidic high-moor peat, loamy garden soil, coniferous litter from under pines (spruces) 1:1:1. Care - does not need shelter. Resistant to spring bud scorch. Watering only in severe drought. Usage - planting in small groups, goes well with conifers.
Japanese rhododendron(Rhododendron japonicum)
Deciduous, strongly branched shrub. Blooms from mid (late) May to mid June. The flowers are 6-8 cm in diameter, the natural form is usually red, orange or yellow. Leaves up to 10 cm long, very bright in autumn, red, orange and yellow tones. In foreign catalogs, it is usually listed among garden (deciduous) azaleas. These also include hybrid varieties involving many oriental and American species. The most popular groups Knaphill, Exbury and Mollis. These are plants up to 1.5 m in height of various colors. Winter hardiness varies, but is usually good. Conditions of detention - sun, light shade. Care - you may need a pritenka from spring burning of the kidneys. This can be avoided by planting on the north side of buildings or trees. Usage - for groups of shrubs.
Rhododendron Schlippenbach(Rhododendron schlippenbachii)
Deciduous weakly branched shrub. Blooms from mid-May to early June. Flowers 6-8 cm in diameter. Leaves up to 10 cm long, orange-yellow in autumn. Conditions of detention
- sun or partial shade. Care
- pritenka from spring burning of the kidneys. Trouble with watering will reduce mulching with pine bark, which is laid in a continuous layer on black lutrasil or geotextiles. Other mulch options, acid peat and coniferous litter, are placed directly on the ground. Sawdust, manure, leaves are not used. Periodically acidify the soil by special means: colloidal sulfur, sulfuric acid solution. Fertilization with superphosphate, potassium sulfate, ammonium sulfate contributes to acidification. Usage
- Completely winter hardy. Suitable for planting in small groups. For cutting trees.
The place for planting rhododendrons should be protected from winds and direct sunlight, without stagnant water and with an acidic soil reaction.
These plants feel good near water bodies where the air is humidified. Therefore, they are planted near ponds and lakes, streams and pools. If there is no water nearby, evergreen rhododendrons are sprayed once a week before flowering. But it is undesirable to pour water over flowering plants, it is better to water the bushes more often.
Literally, the name of this plant is translated as "pink tree". According to its external data and many varieties, it is in no way inferior to the queen of flowers. We are talking about a handsome man with an interesting name - rhododendron. What kind of flower is this, and what are the features of its cultivation? What types of it exist, and in what climatic conditions they can be grown - all this in our today's review.
Rhododendron flowers
Rhododendron: what kind of flower is it
Rhododendron belongs to the Heather family. External data may differ depending on the variety and type. Common features are large flowers collected in inflorescences or brushes. Rare specimens have small single flowers.
Leaves can differ not only in size, but also in shape, which is presented in a wide variety of variations. Flowers are bisexual. Inflorescences are in the form of brushes or umbrellas. The color has a very rich range. After flowering is completed, fruits are formed: five folded boxes in which the seeds are located.
In some species, a rhododendron flower (there is a photo in this article) can reach a diameter of twenty centimeters. Thanks to this amazing quality, each inflorescence looks like a separate bouquet and, after cutting, can retain its magnificent appearance for a long time. appearance.
The height of the rhododendron bush varies depending on the species from ten centimeters to ten meters. Their root system is very compact and close to the surface, so young plants develop rather slowly.
The plant looks great landscape design Where is the rhododendron found?
What is a rhododendron is now clear, but where does it grow? The natural habitat for rhododendrons are humid highlands, as well as forests and swampy areas. The plant is most widespread in the northern hemisphere, namely:
- in Greenland;
- in Alaska;
- on the island of Java;
- in China;
- in Japan;
- in the Alps;
- in the Himalayas.
In the southern part, rhododendrons are also found, but the places of their natural growth are:
- New Guinea;
- Australia.
In our country, the most favorable climatic conditions for this plant are in the Far East, as well as in the highlands of the Caucasus.
Rhododendron in the highlands Chemical composition
Chemical composition rhododendron is very interesting. It contains a huge amount of tannins. In addition, the plant is an excellent honey plant, some species have healing properties. However, with all these positive qualities, many rhododendrons are poisonous. They contain neurotoxins that can first excite the nervous system, and then gradually begin to depress it.
Rhododendron contains a lot of useful components:
- ericoline;
- manganese;
- aluminum;
- essential oil;
- hydroquinone;
- copper;
- barium;
- flavonoids;
- silver.
It will be just great if there is some kind of reservoir near the chosen landing site. Otherwise, you will have to spray until the very beginning of flowering.
An excellent neighbor for rhododendron is pine. She shelters him from direct sunlight, and her root system in no way interferes with the growth and development of the bush. But undesirable neighbors are: linden, alder, willow, maple and birch.
Rhododendron seedling Rhododendrons: planting and care in the open field
It is quite difficult to grow rhododendrons. Planting and caring for these plants in the open field requires a lot of effort and patience. To plant a shrub, the first step is to dig a hole about half a meter deep. The width will depend on the size of the root system of the seedling. Drainage must be laid at the bottom, since the roots are highly sensitive to excess moisture. They quickly rot, which leads to the death of the plant.
The soil should be chosen acidic, loose, with good breathability. In no case should wood ash or other components that have an alkaline reaction be added to the soil. Mineral fertilizers are selected without the content of chlorine and calcium in them.
Before planting, the soil seedling is abundantly moistened with a solution of a growth stimulator. These actions are carried out at least 10 hours before disembarkation. You can plant rhododendrons from spring to late autumn.
Young rhododendron in the open field Planting rhododendrons in the suburbs and caring for them
When planting, do not deepen the root neck too much. The final step is mulching. As a mulch, pine bark or needles are best suited. It is not worth loosening the soil in the future, since the roots of the shrub located close to the surface can be damaged.
You can grow rhododendrons in the suburbs. Planting and caring for them will not differ in any way from the one described above.
With proper care, the plant will delight with abundant flowering.
How to cover a rhododendron for the winter
Winter frosts and cold can kill the rhododendron. Leaving in the fall and preparing for the winter of this shrub is a very crucial moment. First of all, the roots are insulated. protective layer peat or dry fallen leaves, which are laid in a layer of 15 centimeters, can serve.
What is the best way to cover a rhododendron for the winter? Arcs are installed above the shrub for the winter. Subsequently, covering material is stretched over them. As soon as the temperature drops significantly and reaches minus 10 degrees, a layer of a thick film spreads over this, and then it is fixed from above with more arcs. If possible, all this is covered with a layer of snow. Shelter of rhododendron for the winter in the Moscow region is carried out according to the same scheme, but taking into account the humidity of the climate and the variability of weather conditions. At any time, you need to be able to check the condition of the bush.
As a rule, winter shelters are made by all flower growers who grow rhododendrons on their site. Frost-resistant varieties (photos are presented in this article), of course, exist, but even they cannot withstand the harsh conditions of certain regions.
The process of sheltering a bush reproduction
Rhododendron can reproduce in several ways:
- cuttings;
- layering;
- seeds;
- division of the bush.
The seed method is practically not used, because it takes a very long time and requires a lot of labor and patience. Cuttings are carried out in early summer. It is necessary to cut the required number of cuttings, remove the lower leaves from them and leave them in a container with a solution of a root growth stimulator for a day. After that, the branches are planted in the prepared substrate and covered with glass jars. Place seedlings in a bright room with a temperature of at least 25 degrees. Three months later, young plants form a root system, and by spring they will be ready for planting in open ground.
sprigs of rhododendron Disease and pest control
Rhododendron at proper care little susceptible to disease. But in case of violation of the recommended growth conditions, the plant may develop rust, spotting, as well as chlorosis. In this case, the affected parts of the shrub are removed, and it is treated with a fungicide solution.
Garden snails, slugs, which often annoy the rhododendron, must be regularly collected and destroyed. But when pests such as spider mites, weevil or scale insects appear, insecticide treatment will be required.
An example of rhododendron disease Pruning and feeding
When watering rhododendron with ordinary water, it is recommended to acidify it. They do this so that over time the shrub does not lose its decorative effect. Used as an acidifier citric acid or table vinegar.
Shrub dressing is carried out extremely rarely. Complex fertilizer is applied in early spring and then after completion of flowering. Also in the spring, you can add rotted manure to the top layer of soil.
Pruning scheme for a rhododendron bush To maintain decorativeness and form a dense beautiful crown in the fall, the rhododendron is pruned. Extra shoots are removed altogether, and the remaining length is reduced by a third. This technique contributes to lush flowering in the next season. But in the spring pruning is highly undesirable.
