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Smooth-bore short-barreled weapon. Weapons for the citizens of Russia: what is possible and what is not

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Every week, news appears in the media that people have been maimed as a result of the use of traumatic weapons. By firing at each other, motorists sort things out, young people shoot near nightclubs, and one gets the impression that our people, like the heroes of westerns, are ready to shoot at each other anywhere.

The DG decided to find out what weapons for self-defense are now available to mere mortals, how to use them correctly, and whether “our people” really shouldn’t be given firearms into their hands, or are these horror stories of journalists. Dispelled myths and answered questions specialist shop "Hunter" Vasily Zaitsev.

"Weapon-cartridge-shooter"

Vasily, calls are increasingly being made to ban traumatic weapons. Even Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Rogozin spoke in favor of a ban on "traumatic weapons", believing that the presence of such weapons among the population exacerbates the criminogenic situation. How dangerous is “traumatic” and what is it like?

- Since 2011, the energy of a cartridge for weapons of limited destruction is limited to 90 joules. This is clearly not enough figure to inflict a serious wound. And this is even in summer, and in winter there is very little chance of breaking through bulky clothes. It turns out that the energy of this weapon is clearly insufficient to solve the tasks assigned to it.

“Besides, a well-functioning pistol cannot fire on its own. It is not the weapon that shoots, the “weapon-cartridge-shooter” complex shoots, where the weakest part of this complex, of course, is the shooter. Lack of preparation, misjudgment of the situation, often just a desire to get into trouble - this is a characteristic of the average shooter.

“The Patron is a terror that flies on the wings of the night. Cartridges manufactured by "AKBS" have recently been regularly causing weapon malfunctions. The bullet gets stuck in the barrel, which causes the shooting to stop and often damages the weapon. The most reliable part of this triple complex is the weapon. But there are spots in the sun. No sample is 100% foolproof. Let's just say that in any training course it is said: when you have an abnormal shot, you should stop shooting and inspect the weapon. What does a person do when something goes wrong? He scores the next round and pulls the trigger. Quite often there are damage to the weapon due to the fact that the shot occurred with a blocked bore.

- The weapons themselves, these are mostly scarecrows, outwardly copy real weapons. For example, a rubber-shot copy of a Makarov pistol or a remotely resembling copy of the 4th generation Glock.


- In addition, for self-defense from licensed ones, such freaks are used - barrelless weapons of self-defense. The idea was good, but they managed to spoil it well. The fact is that the cartridges have an electrical ignition of the primer. An unreliable thing in general, plus our microprocessor technology. As a result, we have a huge number of failures. He himself cannot shoot, although theoretically there is a possibility from static electricity. But not to shoot against the will of the owner is easy.


"Necessary Defense"

Classic Hollywood action scene. A criminal, driven by the darkest and most vile motives, climbs into the house of an exemplary American family. Suddenly, the father of the family appears on the path of the villain. He is standing in only national flag underpants, scratching his belly swollen from harmful hamburgers and swaying a huge shotgun on his shoulder. The offender, taken by surprise, tries to escape, but in the United States of America it is indecent to let guests go without a gift. A crooked grin on the face of the owner of the house, a flash, a roar of a shot, and a bandit stuffed with lead flies a couple of meters along the corridor, breaks the railing and falls from the second floor onto the glass table of the living room.

- Our legislation is such that it is much easier and more reliable to kill yourself than to defend yourself. As for shotguns, which are used for self-defense - most often they buy tactical shotguns of this kind, this is a very gross mistake.


“This thing can't be stored ready to fire. It's just technically impossible to do it. Theoretically, you can equip the store with 8 rounds and keep it separate. It is not prohibited by law. But the box magazine handles 12-gauge cartridges very poorly. After 6-12 hours, depending on the type of cartridge, they will take on a flattened appearance and will not climb into the chamber for chambering. Those cartridges that were perfect for these stores were produced by Barnaul in a steel soft case, but they were discontinued due to lack of demand!

- You can use a shotgun with a tubular magazine for self-defense. At shotgun range, this thing outperforms a submachine gun. But again, you need to use it correctly. We have problems with this, because we have a lot of courses, but they are empty, no one goes. Very few people train, filling the groups is sad. Instructors, guys with vast experience, are simply idle.

Passive security is much more efficient and effective than active security. You can not defend yourself from attackers, and not go where you can be attacked.

The classic option for the home is a shotgun without a stock. Theoretically, it is possible to remove the butt from any hand-loading shotgun, as we say, pump-action, and put the pistol grip on. But in order to shoot a 12-gauge weapon without a stock, you need to take the appropriate course. If you do not pass it, people break their hands with several shots.

Having covered women and children with himself and shot back from the attacking crowd of inadequate drug addicts with chainsaws, can a citizen be calm that the law is on his side?

“We have a very good law. There is an article "necessary defense". According to this article, you can “wet” right and left. But besides the law, there are by-laws and law enforcement practice. We have traditionally developed: if a person “flunked” someone during the defense, he will be responsible for the deliberate murder. Or, if he was very lucky, for "exceeding the necessary defense." What is the point of this case? Most often, the legal nihilism of the user himself. He believes that since he was defending himself, it means that everyone knows about it and he can lay down his hands and wait for a fair decision. This does not happen in any country in the world. Even in America, which our "ganophiles", that is, lovers of weapons, used to refer to, any case of self-defense, even if you were attacked by an armed group, leads to huge material temporary losses. A person litigates for a long time in order to avoid liability, spends huge money on a lawyer, that he is not subject to liability by law. Many of us simply do not know about this.


There is an opinion that a person, having acquired a weapon, attracts situations when he has to take advantage of “trauma”.

- Not. A person can attract trouble on his own. If a person has an internal task to attract trouble, he will complete it with or without a weapon. At the same time, I know a lot of weapon bearers who carefully avoid any trouble.

- Our defense of any subject consists of two parts - active and passive. And passive safety is much more efficient and effective than active safety. You can not defend yourself from attackers, and not go where you can be attacked. Carlos Castaneda has this: "The absolute warrior cannot be attacked, because he simply will not be where he can be attacked." But our people are capable of attracting trouble anytime, anywhere. For example, a man walks at night through an area that has a well-deserved notoriety. What does he do first? First of all, he inserts headphones into his ears, turns on the player louder so as not to hear everything that is happening around. That is, a person deliberately neglects the means of passive safety. Instead of monitoring the environment, he exposes himself.

- At the same time, if a person sees that a couple of guest workers are approaching him with bad intentions after hours, you can simply maneuver. Put them at an awkward disadvantage. “But you shouldn’t wait for the first blow, because it may turn out to be such that you’ll forget to resist,” as Peter I said. There is, of course, a category of people who believe that by acquiring a gun, they have become cool and have gained complete security. At the same time, they usually do not even deign to learn how to shoot.

Suppose a citizen nevertheless decided to purchase a traumatic weapon, studied the legislative framework and realized his responsibility. But you have to know how to handle weapons.

- Before you can buy a weapon, you need to complete a training course. Unfortunately, in our country, the training course essentially consists of fundraising. The training is like this: the instructor mumbled what you need to know. All. Whether a person listens or does not listen, these are his problems.

- Training is not to give a certain amount of knowledge, but to ensure the implementation of the necessary actions under stress. Learn how to use your arms, body and legs. We have this case ignored by law. If, after acquiring a weapon, a person turns on the brain and realizes that he needs to learn how to use this thing, then in our city there is, for example, an Alpha shooting gallery. Please, great instructors. There is a shooting range “Socrates”, where veterans act as instructors. Very good guys. At the same time, you can shoot from your weapon in the official shooting range. Shoot, feel it in your hands.

Firearms require a license. It's long and yet expensive. But there are more affordable means of protection. For example, stun guns and gas cartridges.


- What is a stun gun? I have never seen a normal application in my life. Except when shepherds sheep. As a cattle race - a normal thing. Even the most obstinate cow runs to the right place! But for the purposes of self-defense, I don’t know of successful examples.

- As for gas cylinders. Tekhkrim produces a huge amount. What they used to do was to take the attacker off the hooves very easily, and in any condition. Stoned, drunk - anyone. Now, to protect citizens, these vigorous mixtures are prohibited. Some of the substances that were working in self-defense cylinders were simply taken out of circulation. For example, IPC is a morpholide of pelargonic acid, chloroacetophenone CN is the famous Bird Cherry. Civil spray cans are not made with them.

The use of a gas cylinder should be unexpected and targeted. In the face and respiratory organs. It's best to inhale. This point is very easy to follow. If a person swings to give you a turnip, at that moment he needs to be pollinated!

Now there are only three substances left. These are oleoresin capsicum (OC), CR is a synthetic analogue of red pepper, and CS is. This thing is, shall we say, not very good. They say that it gives genetic failures and so on. Nevertheless, in our country it is allowed, but in such quantities that no one could be severely poisoned. A single dose in one package does not exceed 80 ml, which is very small for self-defense needs. Gas cylinders need to be able to use, like any other weapon. Most often used inappropriately. That is, for starters, they show the whole wide world that I have a balloon in my hand, then they start pouring it anywhere. In fact, the application should be unexpected and targeted. In the face and respiratory organs. It's best to inhale. This point is very easy to follow. If a person swings to give you a turnip, at that moment he needs to be pollinated!

Shotgun must be!

Opponents of firearms and even “traumatics” believe that our people have a special mentality and as soon as the carrying of real weapons is allowed, the streets will be covered with blood and filled with the mournful cries of widows and orphans.

- This is complete nonsense. People are the same everywhere. In the post-Soviet space, not only in the cultural Baltic states, but also in not the most prosperous Moldova, citizens are allowed to carry short-barreled firearms. Killed with legal weapons regularly. But, compared to shooting from criminal weapons, this is about 0.2-0.4%. Moreover, this figure is preserved in any country in the world. A vanishingly small percentage. In addition, it should be taken into account that this aspect is usually ignored in our country, the use of legal weapons very often makes it possible to avoid very serious crimes. Number: for every criminal killed by police in America, there are two criminals killed by civilians with civilian weapons. For some reason, the guardians of protecting people somehow ignore this aspect. Of course, I understand that it is very difficult to count the number of crimes that either did not take place or were prevented in the process with the help of legal weapons. But it is also not worth ignoring the fact that legal weapons in many cases save lives.

- In the most shooting country in the world, no more than 13% of the adult population is interested in firearms. By country, this figure varies from 11 to 13%. Fact is fact - about the same number of people are interested in firearms. Of course, there are some features. A friend told me: he went to Texas to visit a friend, the friend turned out to be a pacifist. He is asked:

“You are allowed to carry anything openly here. What are you walking with?

No, I don't have any weapons at all!

And in the corner next to the door is a loaded shotgun.

- And what's that?!

- Well, it's a shotgun. Shotgun must be! And I don't have a weapon!

Do you need a lawyer

So, suppose you still went through all the necessary procedures, completed a training course and became the owner of a traumatic weapon. Here is a small instruction according to which a person should act in case of an attack on him.

The main task of civilian weapons of self-defense is to protect life, health and property only in a state of emergency or necessary self-defense. Similar restrictions are set out in Art. 24 of the Federal Law "On Weapons". In addition, certain restrictions are imposed by law on persons against whom weapons can be used. It is not allowed to use weapons against disabled people, women, minors, if their age is obvious to the defender.
The exception is cases of armed or group attack by persons of this category. For example, if you are being beaten up by a group of teenagers, you could theoretically try to shoot.

Now about the use of weapons.


1. We warn. The exclamation "I will shoot!" with a demonstration of weapons in front of witnesses - this is the perfect combination. If there is no time for this, and situations of this kind are not uncommon, then the choice is often limited by the conditions - to live or sit.

2. Shooting. On any pack of traumatic cartridges there is a warning that it is forbidden to shoot at a person at a distance of less than one meter, and also at his head. Each shot at the attacker is a gift for the prosecutor, so even if you are attacked by a two-meter tall man with a syringe sticking out of a vein and a huge cleaver, you must show restraint and soberly assess the degree of bodily harm inflicted on the attacker.

3. We inform about what happened. You must immediately report each case of the use of weapons to the nearest police department. Remember, for law enforcement officers you are not a victim, but a criminal who used a weapon. You will have to prove your innocence, and therefore call an ambulance if the attacker cannot move, and if he escaped, remember the signs. Be sure to interview witnesses, if any. Demand that they wait for the police and leave you their contacts. Your future depends on them. If possible, take a photo and video report of the incident right on the spot. Most modern phones have this feature. Report the incident to family and friends. At the scene of the crime, do not touch the evidence - cartridge cases or the body, God forbid.

4. Fill out all paperwork yourself. and carefully read everything that you are given to sign. In the explanation, describe everything: the moment of the attack, what was the threat to life and health, the validity of your possession of a weapon, your actions to prevent the attacker, the direction of the shots, the result achieved, your actions after repelling the attack, the data of witnesses, if any. Never write from “samples” or from dictation, no matter how friendly the employees may be.

5. Do you need a lawyer:

Depending on the circumstances of the case, any of the following articles of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation may be applied to you:

Art. 105 "Murder"- deprivation of liberty for a term of six to fifteen years with or without restriction of liberty for a term of up to two years;

Art. 107 "Murder committed in the heat of passion"- shall be punishable by corrective labor for a term of up to two years, or by restraint of liberty for a term of up to three years, or by compulsory labor for a term of up to three years, or by deprivation of liberty for the same term;

Art. 108 “Murder committed in excess of the limits of necessary defense or in excess of the measures necessary to detain a person who committed a crime” - restriction of liberty for up to two years or imprisonment for the same period;

Art. 109 "Causing death by negligence"- shall be punishable by corrective labor for a term of up to two years, or by restraint of liberty for a term of up to two years, or by compulsory labor for a term of up to two years, or by deprivation of liberty for the same term;

Art. 111 "Intentional infliction of grievous bodily harm"- imprisonment for up to eight years;

Art. 112 "Intentional infliction of moderate harm to health"- shall be punishable by restraint of liberty for a term up to three years, or forced labor for a term up to three years, or arrest for a term up to six months, or imprisonment for a term up to three years;

Art. 113 "Causing severe or moderate bodily harm in a state of passion"- correctional labor for up to two years, or restriction of liberty for up to two years, or forced labor for up to two years, or imprisonment for the same term;

Art. 114 “Infliction of grave or moderate bodily harm in excess of the limits of necessary defense or in excess of the measures necessary to detain a person who has committed a crime” is punishable by correctional labor for a term of up to one year, or restraint of liberty for a term of up to one year, or forced labor for a term up to one year, or imprisonment for the same term;

Art. 213 "Hooliganism"- shall be punishable by a fine in the amount of three hundred thousand to five hundred thousand rubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of two to three years, or by compulsory works for a term of up to four hundred and eighty hours, or by corrective labor for a term of one to two years. or forced labor for up to five years, or imprisonment for the same period.

Before purchasing a traumatic weapon, think about how much you need it. Think about the possible consequences and assess all responsibility. If the decision is made, do not approach the issue formally - go through training, study the legislative framework, regularly hone your skills at the shooting gallery in order to act quickly and competently in case of an emergency.

Americans have a proverb: “Before, people were divided into big and small - the first offended the second. But Mr. Colt came and evened the odds."

Weapons for self-defense are considered civilian. It is a means of helping to equalize the forces between the attacker and the defender. It includes technical means that allow the owner to use them legally to protect their life and health.

Civil weapons for self-defense

A civilian weapon used for self-defense is one with which a person moves freely through the territory of the state of which he is a subject.

Self-defense weapons may require a license. If it is necessary, then a citizen is obliged to take it with him to confirm the right to carry and store weapons. Civilian weapons exclude burst fire and cannot have a drum capacity exceeding 10 rounds.

Smooth-bore short-barreled weapon

Smoothbore weapons for self-defense are considered the most powerful. It is divided into several types:

  • single-barreled single-shot;
  • double-barreled;
  • pump-action;
  • semi-automatic.

For self-defense, semi-automatic and pump-action shotguns are great. You can determine which weapon is better for self-defense by comparing its characteristics.

Types of smoothbore weapons

IZH-43 K (double-barreled trigger) is one of the simplest types. It is quite effective. It can be stored even in a charged state, which is important for the defender. This double-barreled shotgun is easy to handle and more reliable than semi-automatic and pump-action shotguns. This model belongs to the internal triggers, where the outer triggers are cocking springs, they are not real triggers.

The small-sized repeating shotgun TOZ-106 of the twentieth caliber has a bolted breech. The model is compact, with a chrome-plated short barrel and a folding butt. It has box-shaped quick release magazines. It is relatively inexpensive, but not of good quality. During use, problems can arise due to a tight shutter, and when reloading, cartridges can be warped and jammed. Sometimes when fired, the magazine falls out. But all factory defects are easily corrected at home.

TOZ-94 12-gauge is also inexpensive and inherited a good design from its prototype. It is multi-purpose, used for self-defense as well. There are several modifications of it. A gun with a good fight, but the mechanisms do not always work reliably.

The semi-automatic shotgun TOZ-187 12-gauge is a semi-automatic gun that has little resemblance to its prototype. There are also disadvantages: the mechanisms do not always work reliably, because of this, sometimes there is a slight delay when firing. Therefore, although a gun is allowed for self-defense, it is still not suitable.

The TOZ-194 12 gauge pump-action shotgun is more reliable than the TOZ-187 and TOZ-194. It is more comfortable and has a good design. And pump-action KM and IZH-81 are considered the most reliable. They are multipurpose and great for self defense. On the basis of IZH-81, another good model has been developed - MP-133, which ensures safety when handling it.

A series of guns "Saiga-12" - semi-automatic. They have high reliability, are available in many modifications: with a folding butt; aiming bar, which can be adjusted; muzzle interchangeable nozzles; trunks of various lengths.

The pump-action shotgun is very often used as a weapon for self-defense. It is multi-purpose, with many modifications that vary in barrel length, additional accessories, etc. It is considered expensive, but very reliable.

Rifle

Rifles for self-defense were not previously common. But recently, the deputies have submitted for consideration the issue of allowing its use by citizens for these purposes as well. Experts note that the complexity of handling it and other aspects do not affect its recognition as suitable for self-defense.

Airguns

Air pistols do not have much power, but nevertheless they are also used for self-defense. At the same time, they also have an advantage, since gas-cylinder pistols can be purchased without a license, but on condition that the citizen has reached the age of majority. However, there is a small hurdle to keep in mind. The use of pneumatic weapons is not prohibited, but there is a ban on wearing them. In gas-balloon weapons, they are used which are attached to the fitting. Basically, the cylinder is located under the barrel or in the handle.

Being on the free market, pneumatic weapons were originally intended for recreational and sports shooting at short distances. and pistols have a caliber of 4.5 mm, and basically have a muzzle energy of up to 7.5 J. But more powerful weapons are not sold without registration. At the same time, each country has its own restrictions on the parameters of this type of weapon. Bullets weigh quite a bit - about 0.5 g.

Pneumatic weapons for self-defense are several times inferior to traumatic pistols in terms of the most important parameters: the mass of the bullet and its energy. A ball that is fired from a pneumatic weapon cannot provide a strong blow, but nevertheless it is quite capable of penetrating human skin. However, this is only on condition that there is no tight clothing at the impact site. A pneumatic ball may cause a little pain, but it can only stop a sober person. But being in a state of intoxication - hardly.

If the defender shoots in the head, then the gas-cylinder pistol will not pierce the skull, but if you miss and get into the eye, for example, thereby inflicting severe injury on the attacker, you can end up in prison for exceeding the necessary defense.

Pneumatic weapons are sometimes unreliable, since the gas is in a canister, which tends to gradually lose its “charge”. And when it's cold, the pressure also drops. Pneumatic weapons can be compressor. In this case, the pressure in the pneumatic chamber is injected by breaking the barrel during charging and moving the lever.

Permitted weapons

What are the permitted weapons for self-defense? It is, first of all, permitted by law for free storage and carrying. And various improvised things with which you can repel the attack.

Weapons permitted for self-defense are divided into four main types:

  • barrelless firearms with gas, traumatic and light-sound cartridges that comply with the norms of the Russian Federation;
  • which includes: cartridges for them, mechanical sprayers, various aerosol devices that contain tear and irritant substances permitted in the Russian Federation;
  • smooth-bore firearms for self-defense, which include models with traumatic cartridges that comply with Russian standards;
  • electroshock devices, various spark gaps with output parameters that comply with the standards and norms of the Russian Federation.

Secondary weapon

Firearms for self-defense require a license. However, you can use other options. Gas cartridges are the most common weapon for self-defense, due to their small size, low price and strong action. They contain irritants that, when inhaled or in the eyes, cause tearing, an acute cough, and sharp pain. But for effectiveness, it is necessary to hit the jet from the spray can in the face of the attacker. And to repel the attack, the attacker must be no further than two meters from the defender.

Stun guns are stun weapons. Basically it is intended for contact fights. And when defending, the stun gun must be fixed for a couple of seconds on the body of the attacker, which is often impossible.

How to choose the right weapon

What weapon to choose for self-defense? Traditionally, pump action is considered the best option. You can, of course, use any gun, but still the best option is short-barreled, as close as possible to pistols. Weapons for these purposes should be compact, light, reliable and easy to handle. The gun can be replaced with a pistol grip stock, which will make it even more compact. But this may introduce some restrictions on the accuracy of the sight.

Pistols and revolvers are preferably selected in such a way that they can fit in a small handbag (for example, a woman's) without standing out and without attracting attention to themselves. Therefore, those models that do not work on their own, but have fuses, are very important.

A single-shot weapon for self-defense is not suitable, since the first shot, according to the law, is fired into the air to warn the attacker. Pump-action weapons are the best choice, as they are compact, undemanding to the power of cartridges, and have the ability to reload.

Gas cartridges, stun guns, etc. should also be small, compact, with the ability to quickly respond in a critical situation.

Ammunition for weapons

It is best to select cartridges that will help avoid ricochet, since the first shot, according to the law, must always be a warning (into the air). A self-defense weapon loaded with small shot will be effective at close range, the farther away, the more accuracy is lost. Cartridges for any weapon should not have a lot of penetrating power.

Flaubert's revolver

One of the best options when choosing a weapon for defensive purposes is. It has a classic shape, looks intimidating and can scare off an attacker. It has different sizes and fits comfortably in a woman's hand. It is mainly made from non-magnetic alloys, and this determines the high quality of the product.

It is considered that among revolvers this is the best weapon for self-defense. It has a good bullet mass and a lot of power. The sound of the shot does not differ from the combat. Such revolvers can be purchased without registration and permission. They are easy to use.

Weapons that do not require a license

Non-licensed self-defense weapons are gas-spray canisters, stun devices, small-capacity air pistols, and mechanical spray guns. Gas pistols also fall into the category of gas-spray weapons. But they cannot be used in confined spaces.

Stun guns vary in power, for self-defense it is better to use models with low voltage. Pneumatic weapons also do not require a license, but nevertheless, outwardly, they are as close as possible to combat weapons, give a psychological effect, and the attacker will not be able to immediately determine whether they are real.

Obtaining a license

However, most weapons will require a license. For self-defense receive a separate one. The difference is that hunting requires a personal permit.

To obtain a license, it is necessary to undergo an examination in a psycho-neurological, narcological dispensaries, a polyclinic, take photographs and contact the licensing department at the Internal Affairs Directorate. Next - buy a weapon and get a permit for it. Sometimes it may be necessary to purchase a safe for storage. A weapon license is issued within a month after the application is submitted.

Gas revolvers and pistols, barrelless firearms can only be purchased by persons who have reached the age of majority, with mandatory registration of weapons within 2 weeks at the Internal Affairs Directorate at the place of residence. The license allows no more than 5 registered weapons. It is also a permit to carry and store.

The Russian government has changed the rules for carrying weapons for ordinary citizens who are not military personnel, employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs or other special organizations. From now on, every citizen of the Russian Federation can carry legally acquired weapons not only during hunting, sporting events, training and shooting exercises, but also for self-defense purposes, if this does not contradict the law "On Weapons"

Government Decree No., signed by Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev, introduces several changes at once to the "Rules for the circulation of civilian and service weapons and cartridges for them on the territory of the Russian Federation". The document is dated November 8, but it was not published until Tuesday, November 18.

One of the points of this resolution amends section 62 of the "Rules", which regulates the rules for carrying weapons. In the previous edition, paragraph "d" of this section allowed Russian citizens to carry weapons "during hunting, sporting events, training and shooting practice." The government added another case to this list: “and also in self-defence”.

At the same time, this innovation will not affect foreign citizens on the territory of Russia. For them, permission to use weapons is only " during hunting, sporting events, training and shooting exercises ”were supplemented with the ability to carry weapons, but only during these events.

As Rafail Rudnitsky, chairman of the Saiga shooting club, head of the Moscow branch of the Civil Weapons Union, told RBC, this amendment removes additional formal obstacles for the transportation of weapons by their owners. “Earlier, carrying even a sheathed weapon could be interpreted as carrying and as transportation. That is, theoretically, the sentry could demand to prove that you are carrying a weapon for hunting or for competition, and now it is allowed to carry virtually any weapon acquired legally.”

The law refers to weapons of self-defense as smooth-bore long-barreled firearms (however, its carrying for defense purposes is expressly prohibited by law); firearms of limited destruction (pistol, revolver, barrelless firearms of domestic production) with traumatic cartridges, gas cartridges and light-sound cartridges; gas weapons: gas pistols and revolvers, including cartridges for them, mechanical sprayers, aerosol and other devices filled with tear or irritating substances; electroshock devices and spark gaps of domestic production.

In addition, the list of civilian weapons includes sporting, hunting, signal, edged bladed weapons and weapons used for cultural and educational purposes.

At the same time, the provisions of the Law “On Weapons” must be observed, which states that “it is forbidden to carry weapons during rallies, street processions, demonstrations, picketing and other mass public events; carrying a firearm while intoxicated; the carrying by citizens of firearms of limited destruction in the territories of educational organizations; wearing while in organizations intended for entertainment and leisure, working at night and selling alcoholic products; carrying by citizens for the purpose of self-defense of long-barreled firearms and edged weapons.

In addition, the law expressly prohibits "carrying by citizens for the purpose of self-defense of long-barreled firearms and edged weapons", except in cases of their transportation or transportation.

Changes to the “Rules for the Circulation of Weapons” also somewhat soften the requirements for foreign citizens who import weapons into Russia or purchase them on Russian territory. Thus, the period of storage by foreigners of weapons purchased in Russia has been extended from five to ten days. In addition, the mandatory transfer of weapons after customs to the party that invited the foreigner has been canceled - now this procedure is voluntary. The rules for the transportation of weapons by legal entities have also been liberalized. So, if earlier organizations were required to provide armed guards for the transportation of five or more weapons or 400 or more cartridges, now the limits requiring such measures have been increased to 20 weapons and 20 thousand cartridges.

The level of crime today forces every citizen to think about their own safety and the safety of their property.

But it is not always possible to call for help or call the police, then you have to rely on your own strength.

Many weapons require a permit. Consider what weapons without self-defense and licenses you can buy.

Weapons are:

  • civil;
  • official;
  • combat manual rifle and cold.

Civilian weapons are intended for use by citizens of the Russian Federation for self-defense, sports, hunting, cultural and educational purposes No. 150-FZ "On Weapons", Article 3).

Should not fire in bursts, the permitted magazine capacity of such weapons in 2019 is no more than 10 rounds. For sports weapons, the requirements are different.

The Law "On Weapons" clearly regulates weapons for self-defense that do not require permission:

  • gas atomizer;
  • stun gun;
  • weak action pneumatics, a revolver with a power of not more than 7.5 J and a bullet with a caliber that does not exceed 4.5 mm;
  • household knife;
  • axe;
  • device "Strike";
  • spear gun;
  • a flare revolver that cannot be used as a combat revolver;
  • rubber sticks and clubs.

Every citizen who has reached the age of majority can purchase the above types of weapons for self-defense. Let us consider in more detail what weapons are allowed in Russia for self-defense without a license.

A gas weapon (can) is the first thing that comes to mind when you mention weapons without a license. Balloons are:

  • gas;
  • pepper;
  • nerve action.

Spray cans are especially popular with women, as they weigh little, take up little space, and are easy to use. When purchasing this type of weapon, confirmation is required that the buyer has reached 18 years of age.

Cans produced today contain pepper, its synthetic counterparts, and lachrymal agents.

The advantages of the balloon:

  • used on the principle of liquid spraying;
  • is inexpensive;
  • easy to use, even mentally: not everyone will be able to shoot a pistol, but it is much easier to spray liquid;
  • compact;
  • small size and weight allow you to always carry it with you.

Flaws:

  1. Not a very intimidating weapon, you can’t scare off an aggressor with them, the psychological effect is minimal. An attacker can speed up the movement and have time to prevent the victim from using the can (for this reason, it must be used immediately).
  2. Even with watery eyes, the attacker can continue the attack.
  3. Do not use indoors (elevator, corridor, stairs), otherwise you may suffer yourself.
  4. You need to aim as accurately as possible and take into account the direction of the wind, otherwise the spray cloud may get into your eyes.

The power of the discharge is capable of unbalancing an adult. In some types, you can adjust the discharge power.

The most vulnerable places of a person for a stun gun:

  • arms;
  • back;
  • breast.

Advantages of a stun gun:

  • deprives the attacker of the ability to move for a short time, and the victim can escape;
  • hits a target from a distance of about 4 meters (models that shoot with electrodes have such an opportunity);
  • compact, small size, does not take up much space;
  • does not arouse suspicion, it can be disguised as a mobile phone;
  • will not provoke the attacker to further aggression.

Flaws:

  • most models require direct contact with the attacker;
  • dependent on batteries, they need to be monitored: always change or charge, otherwise the owner of a non-working stun gun will be in danger and will further anger the aggressor if he tries to use it;
  • in winter, a shocker will not always have an effect through a thick layer of clothing.

When choosing a stun gun, it is better to purchase one where the current strength is greater.

Pneumatic pistols are single-shot and gas-balloon. The charge of gas-balloon pneumatics produces about 40 shots.

Pneumatic weapons are more designed for psychological impact, they can damage the health of the aggressor, especially if they hit the eye or head, or turn out to be pointless at the right time.

Outwardly, it resembles a gunshot, thereby discouraging the attacker from the desire to attack. But a knowledgeable person will immediately distinguish pneumatics from military weapons, so it is not always necessary to rely on the psychological effect.

The pistol should be carried in a place where it can be easily reached.

Gas-balloon pneumatics, which looks like a pistol, can only be effective if you shoot the attacker in the face.

Its action is not as effective as the action of a gas cartridge, which is much more compact, cheaper, easier to use, and does not cause serious damage.

You can not overestimate the capabilities of this type of weapon. If hit in the eye, the defender will fall under the article on exceeding the measures of necessary defense.

Pneumatics - not the most reliable weapon for self-defense. Compressed gas can gradually lose its charging power, and in cold weather the pressure in the can will decrease.

The mechanism of operation is based on the movement of a powerful straightening spring that pushes the piston, creating excess air pressure in the compressor. It pushes the bullet.

Airguns are traditionally seen as entertainment. Many companies produce models that are suitable for hunting small game - rabbits, birds, and so on. Some of these rifles fall under the category of weapons that can be purchased without a license.

The caliber should not be more than 4.5 mm, and the power - up to 7.5 J. 6.35mm airguns should not be purchased without a license.

Also included in the package is a reinforced spring, which is installed for a fee at the counter, which criminalizes the possession of a weapon.

But some buyers take advantage of this because the weapons they bought meet the rules for unlicensed use. And such a rifle passes the inspection of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in rare cases.

The most powerful air guns that can be bought without a license, in terms of their characteristics, are pre-charged pneumatics or PCP (Pre-Charge Pneumatics). From it you can make up to 20-100 shots without reloading.

Advantages:

  • there is no increased noise from the shot, which sometimes extends over several kilometers;
  • lighter than conventional guns;
  • no need to disassemble, clean after almost every shot;
  • safer;
  • lower cost;
  • environmentally friendly.

But inferior to firearms in power, firing range, stopping power of ammunition. Other disadvantages of such a rifle are the high cost and the need to carry a high-pressure cylinder or a special pump with you.

There are also super-powerful air rifles designed for larger animals.

As for the legality of using such weapons, hunting with pneumatics is not officially allowed.

But weapons with an energy of less than 7.5 J (sporting pneumatics) are "hunting" by law, and shooting birds, stray animals with pneumatics is not prohibited.

It is used to shoot at an attacker using a liquid solution: a mixture of a gas spray and a pistol.

Such weapons are loaded with capsules filled with liquid. Designed for 2 thousand shots. Reliable and reusable weapons that do not require a license.

Advantages:

  • works regardless of weather conditions;
  • firing range 5 meters;
  • can be used in confined spaces;
  • liquid is sprayed directionally;
  • minimal risk of harm to yourself;
  • compact.

Flaws:

  • you need to aim carefully;
  • they need to shoot with the left hand;
  • if the capsules are of poor quality, the device will misfire, and the capsules may fall out or leak.

Another device for self-defense, which has an effect using a combination of sound and light. Stuns and blinds the attacker, temporarily unbalancing them.

Light and sound device "Antidog" does not require permission. The principle of operation is similar to the "Wasp".

Advantages:

  • can scare off several criminals;
  • lightweight, compact, easy to use;
  • is inexpensive.

The disadvantage is that it can blind and stun the shooter himself.. Close your eyes before firing.

Steel arms

When buying a knife, you can always read in the documents whether it is cold or not. What edged weapons can be carried without permission in Russia - one that has a blade less than 90 mm.

Knives with a blade over 90 cm and automatic blade ejection are prohibited.

Using a knife is harder than shooting. It is suitable for people with a certain knowledge of martial arts. But you can't get into some public places with a knife.

The most important disadvantage: self-defense can lead to criminal prosecution, as it is easy to kill a person with a knife.

The use of edged weapons should be considered as a last resort. Judges do not like cases of self-defense with knives. When buying, you must require a certificate stating that this knife is not a cold weapon.

The spear gun is considered as an element of underwater equipment. But the Ministry of Internal Affairs does not issue certificates regarding the storage, carrying, transportation of such equipment.

Cases have become more frequent when customs officers, fish protection inspectors, and police illegally detain hunters.

Requirements for the use of an underwater gun:

  • necessary for spearfishing, cannot be used in crowded places (on the beaches);
  • must be stored, carried, transported in a special case.

signal pistol

In other words, a rocket launcher is also considered a weapon for self-defense. Acquired without permission and license, if the caliber is up to 4.5 mm.

The effect is achieved from the Smersh PK-1 model, it is used from a distance of up to 7 meters.

The rocket launcher will not cause much harm to the aggressor, but it will stop it.

An effective weapon for self-defense - a pump-action shotgun. It is not recommended to purchase it without a license. But it is one of the best for its protection and the protection of its relatives.

Shotgun shot carries powerful energy. A buckshot shot is compared to a burst from a submachine gun.

The pump has a capacious underbarrel magazine for 4-8 rounds, which is how it differs from single-barreled or double-barreled guns. Has a simple design.

The pump is the leader in the ability to make the first shot if the gun is completely unloaded.

You need to throw the cartridge on the feed tray, return the forearm to the front position. If you have time, you can equip the grenade magazine with one hand.

The Russian gun M-133 is the most massive in our country. It is supplied with a triple system of protection against a shot.

Traumatic pistols are not military firearms, they cannot cause such severe harm to health as after being wounded by a firearm.

But it should be used only when there is a danger to the life and health of its owner, as well as his family members.

The most common in Russia:

  1. "Wasp" PB-4-1. Barrelless version of the injury with a shot power of 120 J.
  2. "Thunderstorm R-04s". Reliable weapon, caliber 9 mm. The recoil when fired is not that strong.
  3. "Makarych" is compact, reliable, solid.

The traumatic gun T-10 is highly durable, its design is carefully thought out. Due to the sufficient thickness of the trunk, cracks do not appear.

Advantages:

  • high build quality, reliable, durable;
  • you can install a flashlight, a reflective front sight;
  • high accuracy;
  • Designed for powerful ammo.

Traumatic weapons are those pistols that shoot rubber bullets, and you should not buy it without a license.

To obtain a license you need:

  • complete special training courses, having completed training;
  • obtain permission to purchase traumatic weapons;
  • buy it;
  • register weapons and license the right to carry and use them.

Possession of traumatic equipment without permission and license is prohibited by law, the act is punishable. A fine of 500-2000 rubles (CAO RF).

In case of illegal storage, sale, carrying of weapons, if a person threatened to use injuries against third parties, caused damage, such actions fall under Articles 119 and 222 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.

To obtain a permit after acquiring such a pistol, the following documents are submitted to the police:

  • a copy of the permission to purchase, there must be a mark of the seller on the fact of the sale;
  • application for a permit;
  • insurance that is received upon purchase;
  • 2 photos 30x40 mm;
  • receipt of payment of the state fee for the permit.

Be aware of the consequences of killing or causing grievous harm when attempting self-defense.

Article 114 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation states that if the attacker is intentionally severely harmed, this action threatens:

  • correctional or forced labor up to a year;
  • restriction or imprisonment for up to one year.

Article 108 states that a murder that was committed while exceeding the limits of self-defense will be punished by:

  • correctional labor up to two years;
  • imprisonment or restriction of freedom up to two years;
  • or forced labor for up to two years.

It is best to avoid dangerous situations that will lead to the need to defend yourself. But in other cases they are inevitable.

  1. Carry two types of weapons.
  2. Take a short course in self-defense, where they will teach you the basic rules of defense. This will greatly increase the chances of successful self-defense.
  3. Do not panic, be decisive, hide your fear.
  4. Focus on the psychological factor and try to scare the attacker with one type of weapon before using it.
  5. Aim correctly. An unsuccessful shot will anger the aggressor even more.
  6. Regularly check the condition of the weapon so that it does not turn out to be useless at the right time.

Exceeding self-defense always results in criminal prosecution. It is important to know how to handle weapons. The presence of such weapons will not give a full guarantee of security.

Before purchasing a weapon for self-defense, you should familiarize yourself with the legislation, in particular, with the law "On Weapons" and the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.

In the previous edition, the clause on the carrying of weapons by Russians with the appropriate permits provided for the possibility of carrying them only during hunting, sporting events, training and shooting exercises. All these points have been retained in the new edition of the rules and supplemented with the words “as well as for the purposes of self-defense”.

The Ministry of Internal Affairs already, that the changes introduced do not essentially change anything, are clarifying in nature and preserve the existing procedure for the circulation of civilian weapons in the country. What is this order? "Pravmir" has prepared a small reference.

1. What weapons can citizens not own?

Russia does not provide for the legal possession by citizens of short-barreled military weapons - pistols and revolvers, as well as any weapon with automatic fire - machine guns, submachine guns. Such weapons are the monopoly of state power structures.

2. What weapons can be legally purchased?

Subject to obtaining a special license from the Ministry of Internal Affairs, citizens can legally purchase: hunting weapons, self-defense weapons, sporting weapons, signal weapons and edged bladed weapons worn with a Cossack uniform or national costume.

hunting weapon is smoothbore and rifled.

Smoothbore - classic double-barreled and single-barreled shotguns, semi-automatic shotguns, pump-action and other repeating shotguns that are manually reloaded.

Rifled - rifles and carbines (short rifles). Among the hunting rifled weapons, there are many converted from army samples and sometimes not much different from the prototypes. A Russian hunter can wield a sniper rifle or a carbine based on a Kalashnikov assault rifle or a foreign assault rifle.

There are also combined weapons that combine a smooth and rifled barrel, as well as hunting pneumatic weapons with muzzle energy up to 25 J.

The main difference between hunting firearms and combat firearms is the ability to conduct automatic fire and the capacity of the magazine. Hunting weapons must exclude firing bursts and have a magazine (drum) capacity of no more than 10 rounds. In addition, there are restrictions on the size (minimum length) and types of ammunition used for hunting weapons (military cartridges are prohibited).

Hunting knives classified as weapons according to a number of parameters are also considered hunting weapons and require a permit to purchase.

Sports weapon- smoothbore shotguns for trap and practical shooting, sporting rifles (for example, for biathlon).

Self defense weapons or firearms of limited destruction - pistols and revolvers with rubber (elastic) bullets, known as "traumatics" or "rubber guns". Often produced by altering combat samples. They have obstacles in the barrel, which, when fired, can only be overcome by an elastic bullet, but by no means a solid one. The muzzle energy of civilian firearms of limited destruction must not exceed 91 J.

Self-defense weapons also include hunting smooth-bore guns loaded with traumatic cartridges (with a light elastic bullet or buckshot). This category also includes gas pistols and revolvers, mechanical dispensers of tear or irritants, devices for firing stun cartridges, and some stun guns (in a number of ways).

signal weapon- the so-called "rocket launchers".

Cossack and national weapons- cold bladed weapons worn with a Cossack uniform or national costume (checkers, daggers, etc.)

3. How to get a license?

Licenses for the purchase of weapons and cartridges for them are issued by the internal affairs bodies on the basis of applications from citizens of the Russian Federation.

Citizens of the Russian Federation who have reached the age of 21 years old, citizens of the Russian Federation who have not reached the age of 21, who have completed or are undergoing military service, as well as citizens serving in state paramilitary organizations and having military ranks or special ranks or class ranks.

Citizens of the Russian Federation who have reached the age of 18 years.

Not licensed:

  • under the legal age
  • having medical contraindications to possession of weapons (drug addiction, substance abuse, alcoholism, poor eyesight)
  • having an unexpunged or outstanding conviction for an intentional crime, or a conviction for a grave or especially grave crime committed with the use of weapons
  • serving sentences for a crime
  • who repeatedly committed an administrative offense during the year (the list is determined by law)
  • without permanent residence
  • deprived by court decision of the right to acquire weapons

Those wishing to purchase a weapon must submit a certain package of documents to the licensing and permitting service of the local ATC (application, photographs, medical report on the absence of contraindications). In addition, the future shooter must be trained in the rules of safe handling of weapons, and then pass an exam on them.

An application for a license is considered within a month from the date of its submission. The license for the purchase of weapons and ammunition is valid for six months from the date of issue of the license. Under one license, you can buy and register no more than 5 weapons belonging to the same category.

The purchased weapon must be brought to the police department, where it will be examined and registered. After that, it will be possible to obtain permission to keep and carry weapons, if required.

4. What weapons and self-defense equipment can be purchased without a license?

  • pneumatic weapons with a muzzle energy of not more than 7.5 J and a caliber of up to 4.5 mm inclusive (the so-called “air guns” for sports and recreational shooting)
  • antique (antique, collectible) weapons classified as such according to a number of parameters defined by law
  • copies and replicas of weapons (weight-dimensional models), decommissioned deactivated (not capable of firing) weapons
  • some stun guns, household knives, as well as fencing rapiers and other sports equipment (the list is determined by law)

5. When can and when not to use weapons?

As noted in the Law on Weapons, citizens are allowed to use their weapons to protect their lives, health and property. Athletes can use weapons during shooting and competitions, hunters - while hunting, law enforcement officers and the military - while on duty.

The civilian owner is obliged to immediately report each case of the use of weapons for self-defense to the internal affairs body at the place where the weapon was used.

  • It is forbidden:
  • harm third parties
  • use weapons against women, disabled people and minors, unless they attack in a group and with weapons
  • carry a weapon while intoxicated
  • carry weapons while participating in public events - meetings, rallies, demonstrations, religious rites, etc. (except Cossack and national-cultural)