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Device 5 ton hoist manual. Hoist installation: installation rules, commissioning

The most important tasks in the operation of electrical equipment are to maintain all electrical and electromechanical components in working order. During the operation of electrical equipment, it is necessary to exclude the failure of all component electrical and electromechanical parts of this equipment. And conduct regular inspection of electrical equipment and make periodic diagnostics of all components that may fail during operation. Operation of electrical equipment is a set of preparation and use of products for their intended purpose, Maintenance, storage and transportation. Main tasks of operation

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electrical equipment in agriculture - to achieve uninterrupted, reliable and high-quality power supply to all agricultural production facilities, to create normal operating modes for electrical equipment that ensure its best technical and economic indicators, to increase the reliability of equipment operation. The main task of the operation of electrical equipment is to maintain it in good condition throughout the entire period of operation and ensure its uninterrupted and economic operation. To accomplish this task, it is necessary to carry out scheduled maintenance of electrical equipment. During the operation of electrical equipment, its technical condition deteriorates due to wear, breakdowns, violations of adjustment, loosening of fasteners. Even a minor malfunction, such as an unreliable contact in an electrical machine, can lead to electrical equipment failure, and in some cases, to an accident. Maintenance allows you to timely identify and eliminate faults that occur during operation, or causes that may lead to a malfunction.

"Inspection of electrical equipment"

Permanently operating power equipment requires systematic systematic inspection by qualified personnel. Inspections are carried out according to the schedule and in accordance with the instructions approved by those responsible for the operation of the electrical facilities. During inspections switchgears, all comments are recorded in the log of defects and malfunctions, brought to the attention of the managers of the power company, who take appropriate measures to eliminate the identified violations as soon as possible. Regular inspections of switchgears without turning off the equipment are carried out at the following times: at facilities with a permanent duty officer - once a day and at least once a month in the dark to check for the presence of discharges.

"Electrical Equipment Repair"

The main responsibilities of employees of energy enterprises serving electrical facilities are: ensuring uninterrupted power supply to consumers, reliable operation

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equipment and networks, maintaining the required frequency of the electric current, ensuring maximum efficiency of the energy enterprise for the rational use of energy resources, production efficiency, transmission and distribution of energy. To maintain power equipment in good working order technical condition systems of planned repairs have been developed and are being applied, since in the process of operation electrical equipment wear out and become obsolete. Depreciation of electrical equipment, by its nature and the reasons causing it, is conditionally divided into mechanical, electrical and moral.

Mechanical wear under the action of friction or as a result of corrosion is subjected to moving parts and parts of electrical equipment "contacts of apparatus, parts of the mechanism"

"PPR Scheduled Preventive Repair System" The PPR system, depending on the operating modes of electrical equipment and its operating conditions, establishes the alternation, frequency and volumes maintenance and repairs of electrical equipment, taking into account the uninterrupted operation of the enterprise and the safe conduct of work. Scheduled preventive maintenance includes maintenance work, overhaul maintenance and current and major repairs of electrical equipment. Carrying out repairs of electrical equipment, provided for by the PPR system, reduces the cost of its maintenance, reduces the number and time of downtime, the number of accidents, increases the reliability of work and the quality of repairs. The organization of repair and maintenance of equipment at the enterprise can be carried out centrally and decentralized. Centralized system It is characterized by the fact that the repair of electrical equipment is carried out by specialized repair services, and maintenance and minor repairs of electrical equipment in operation are performed by personnel subordinate to the corresponding production unit "service, section". With a decentralized system, there are no specialized repair services and all repair work, such as maintenance, minor repairs and maintenance of equipment, is carried out by the personnel of workshops, services, teams of the direct production site.

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Current repairs are carried out to ensure the operability and reliability of the equipment until the next scheduled repair. With this type of repair, work should be carried out to inspect electrical equipment, clean, seal, adjust and repair individual blocks and parts with the elimination of defects that have arisen during operation.

During scheduled repairs, it is necessary to pay great attention to operational personnel who have group 3 access to electrical installations. When repairing an electric motor, it is necessary to de-energize it and make sure that the electrical equipment is not energized. Visually inspect this engine for damage, chips and other defects leading to engine failure. When disassembling the engine, pay special attention to the integrity of the bearings and lubrication. Bearing lubrication should be 75%, only in this case the motor can be used

4. Types of repair, their essence:

Maintenance- this is a scheduled repair, which ensures the normal operation of electrical equipment until the next repair by replacing or restoring worn parts of equipment, purchased products, as well as by carrying out preventive measures, regulation of mechanisms, elimination of individual faults.

At current repair electrical machines perform the following work;

Checking the degree of heating of the housing and bearings, the uniformity of the air gap between the stator and the rotor, the absence of abnormal noises in the operation of the electric motor;

Cleaning and blowing the motor without disassembling it, tightening the contact connections at the terminal boards and connecting wires, stripping rings and collectors, adjusting and fastening the brush holder traverse, restoring insulation at the lead ends, electric brushes;

Change and add oil to the bearings.

If necessary, produce:

Complete disassembly of the electric motor with the elimination of damage individual places winding without replacing it;

Flushing of components and parts of the electric motor;

Replacement of defective slot wedges and insulating bushings, washing, impregnation and drying of the motor winding, covering the winding with a top coat, checking the fan mounting and repairing it, turning the necks of the rotor shaft and repairing the squirrel cage (if necessary), changing the flange gaskets;

Overhaul is a type of repair induction motor with a short-circuit rotor, in which the engine is completely disassembled, its parts or components are partially or comprehensively replaced, the repaired parts and the unit as a whole are checked, the stator windings are completely replaced, they are tested under load. Before the overhaul of the electrical equipment of the 16v20 screw-cutting lathe, a list of the scope of work is compiled and a set of necessary spare parts, equipment, and purchased products is prepared.

During the overhaul, the following operations are performed: complete or partial replacement of the winding; straightening, rubbing the necks or replacing the rotor shaft; rotor balancing; replacement of the fan and flanges; complete soldering of cockerels; cleaning, assembling and painting the electric motor and testing it under load.

5. The procedure for the withdrawal of electrical equipment for repair:

When bringing electrical equipment 16v20 into repair, it is necessary to carry out organizational and technical measures. Organizational measures include: Filling out the necessary documentation, drawing up an application, issuing orders, compiling a defective statement, and training personnel.

Technical measures:

Disconnecting equipment from the network, taking measures to prevent "spontaneous" and erroneous voltage supply to the workplace.

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Posters and safety signs must be posted. Also install portable grounding, if necessary, fencing of the workplace.

Hanging prohibition posters: On the drives "handles of drives" of manually operated switching devices, "switches, knife switches, automatic machines" in order to avoid voltage supply to the workplace, posters "Do not turn it on! People are working" should be hung out - on fences. On the valves that block the access of air to the pneumatic actuators of the disconnectors, a poster "Do not open! People are working" is posted. Fencing the workplace, hanging posters: In electrical installations, posters "Grounded" should be hung out, if turned on by mistake, voltage can be applied to the grounded section of the electrical installation. For temporary fencing of live parts that remain energized, shields, screens, screens made of insulating materials can be used. Temporary fences should be marked with the inscription "Stop! Tension" or appropriate posters should be fixed. There are three forms of operation and repair of electrical equipment:

1) Centralized; 2) decentralized; 3) mixed. 1.Centralized - a form that can be applied to most industrial enterprises. With this form, overhaul maintenance and all types of repair of electrical equipment are carried out by a single repair unit for the entire enterprise: a repair team, repair site or a repair shop, which is part of the service of the chief power engineer. The centralized form has a significant advantage over other forms of organization of repair, as it allows you to concentrate in the repair department specialized, repair and control and testing equipment, specialized repair personnel, a stock of backup electrical equipment, spare parts and materials, to carry out repairs in accordance with advanced technology using high-speed repair methods.

2. Decentralized - the form is used at enterprises with simple electrical equipment that does not require specialized repair and control and testing equipment for repair. With this form, maintenance and repair personnel are included in the staff of the main workshop. Repair of electrical equipment is carried out at workplaces or a repair shop located on the territory of the main workshop.

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6. List of possible malfunctions of the repaired EE:

Possible malfunctions electrical equipment of the hoist model T and ways to eliminate them:

Item No. Malfunction Cause Remedy
I Equipment does not turn on 1) The fuse of the starting-protective transformer has blown 2) The power supply fuse of the electric hoist has blown 3) An open in the control circuit 4) The contactor coil has blown or a break has appeared in it 5) Turning on and blocking the limit switch 1.1 Replace with a new one 2.1 Replace with a new one 3.1 Check the wiring diagram and repair the open circuit 4.1 Replace with a new one 5.1 Check the limit switch and restore it to its normal position
II When the control button is pressed and the equipment is turned on, the hoist motor does not rotate in both directions 1) Cone brake sticking 2) Mechanical binding in electric hoist or motor 1.1 Remove the ventilation grille and press the shaft several times with the electric hoist switched off without load 2.1 Disassemble and repair the damage
III When turned on, the fuses blow and the motor does not rotate. 1) Fault on casing 2) Fault between phases 1.1 Check with megger 2.1 Check phase-to-phase insulation
IV The electric motor hums and does not rotate with the load 1) The electric motor runs on two phases 2) The operating voltage is lower than specified in the regulation for electric hoist motors 3) The second brake of the electric hoist does not engage 1.1 Check the supply voltage 2.1 Check the contact systems of the contactors. If necessary, replace the contact bridges or contact springs 3.1 Check the serviceability of the stator winding of the electric motor
V Electric motor overheats 1) Rated load exceeded 2) Voltage unsymmetrical 3) Voltage too high 4) Duty exceeded 1.1 Observe the prescribed overload standards 2.1 Turn off the electric hoist until the voltage balance is restored 3.1 Observe the established standards 4.1 Observe the prescribed mode of operation
VI When the command control panel is turned off, the electric hoist continues to work 1) Welded contacts of contactors 2) Adhesion of the magnetic system 3) Welded contacts in the limit switch 1.1 Replace the contact bridges with new ones 2.1 Check the counteracting springs and clean the end surfaces of the magnetic wire 3.1 Replace with new ones
VII The limit switch does not work during the operation of the electric hoist and the hook hits the casing 1) The phases of the power cable are connected incorrectly 2) The limit rings on the switching rod are loose 1.1 Change two phases of the power cable 2.1 Adjust and tighten the limit rings
VIII During operation, the electric hoist makes an uncharacteristic noise Worn bearings Replace with new ones
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7. Drawing up a defective statement:

Defective statement - a document required when describing certain shortcomings, flaws and marriages found in certain material values. This document is required for quality control by the buyer or by the seller. unified form there is no defective statement, and any enterprise can draw up this document on its letterhead.

Defective statement - a document in which the malfunctions of the repaired equipment are also recorded.

The purpose of compiling a defective statement is:

1. Reducing the time of repair of electrical equipment of the hoist;

2. Improving the quality of repairs.

In practice, two types of defective statements are considered:

preliminary

Refined

1) Preliminary list - this is the name of work and costs, unit of measurement, quantity "scope of work".

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In other words, a preliminary statement is the preparation of a document that will indicate the amount, the names of the work that needs to be carried out during the repair of electrical equipment.

2) An updated list is a list that specifies any electrical elements that will be needed in the process of repairing electrical equipment at the enterprise.

Prior to disassembling the electrical equipment, a preliminary defective list is compiled, and when disassembling the electrical equipment, an updated defective list is compiled.

A preliminary defective statement is compiled on the basis of an external inspection of electrical equipment before it is taken out for repair.

An updated defective list is compiled during the disassembly of the hoist's electrical equipment.

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8. Technological map of repair:

The technological map (TC) should answer the questions:

What operations need to be performed

In what order are the operations performed?

With what frequency it is necessary to perform operations (when repeating the operation more than once)

How long does it take to complete each operation

The result of each operation

What tools and materials are needed to perform the operation.

· Technological cards developed if:

· High complexity of performed operations;

· Presence of disputable elements in operations, ambiguities;

· If necessary, determine the labor costs for the operation of the facility.

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Stand for checking electrical parameters 1. Motor condition. 2. Phase integrity. 3. Winding insulation resistance not less than 0.5 mΩ. 4. Breakdown test: 500V + twice the rated voltage. 5. Detection of short-circuited turns. Disassembly of the electric motor. Dismantling stand 1. Pulley removal 2. Motor covers removal 3. Fan removal 4. Rotor notch Removal, inspection, storage and pressing of bearings. Press manual PZP; pullers; tongs or metal hooks; brass conical mandrel. The ease of movement of the bearing is checked in a horizontal position by pushing the bearing with the inner ring on a conical brass mandrel. Removal of windings. Dead-end electric furnace; device for removing windings; lathe for trimming fronts Heating temperature 250...300 "C Washing of electric motor parts, except for the rotor and stator. Washing bath; blowing chamber. 3% solution of soda ash at a temperature of 80...90 ºС; blow the rotor and stator. Determination of defects in electric motor parts Stand for checking the runout; calibration plate 1000x1500 mm; ohmmeter. The runout is not more than 0.05 mm. Repair of the stator housing and bearing shields. Thermostat Sh-0.05 Drying temperature 150 ºС for 0.5...1.0 hours Rotor repair. Thermostat Sh-0.05; stand for checking the runout of the shaft neck. The runout of the necks of the shaft is not more than 0.02 mm; runout of the free end of the shaft is not more than 0.05 mm.
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9. Control and testing of EO, after repair:

Tests of electrical equipment must be carried out in compliance with the requirements of safety regulations and PTE.

It is allowed to measure the insulation characteristics of electrical equipment under operating voltage, provided that devices are used that ensure the safety of work and protect the normally grounded output of the controlled object from the appearance of dangerous voltage on it when the connection with the ground is interrupted.

Before testing the insulation of electrical equipment, the outer surface of the insulation must be cleaned of dust and dirt, except in cases where the tests are carried out by a method that does not require disconnecting the electrical equipment.

Testing the insulation of the windings of rotating machines with an increased applied voltage of a frequency of 50 Hz should be carried out in turn for each electrically independent circuit or parallel branch (in the latter case, with complete insulation between the branches).

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Windings that are tightly interconnected and do not have both ends of each phase or branch removed must be tested relative to the body without disconnecting them.

The test voltage shall rise smoothly at a rate that allows visual control according to measuring instruments, and upon reaching the set value, be maintained unchanged throughout the entire test period. After the required exposure, the voltage gradually decreases to a value of not more than one third of the test voltage and is turned off.

The duration of the test means the time of application of the full test voltage established by the standards.

10. The procedure for acceptance of electrical equipment after repair into operation:

Upon acceptance, the following steps must be taken:

Visual inspection; check the stator winding (for integrity, for a short circuit between phases; for a short circuit of the windings to the housing, for a turn short circuit.)

The presence of axial and radial play, which must comply with the standard value.

Connect the electric motor to the power supply network for checking the engine in the mode idle move. At the same time, pay attention to extraneous noise, vibration and measure the value of the no-load current.

Acceptance of electric motors with voltages above 1000 volts, power transformers, high-voltage switchgears after overhaul and medium repairs is carried out by a commission chaired by the head of the electrical department or his deputy with an entry in the log of the withdrawal of electrical equipment for repair and commissioning after repair.

Acceptance from maintenance and overhaul of electric motors with voltage up to 1000 volts.

Acceptance of electrical equipment from a contracting repair organization is carried out by the foreman of the site for the repair of electric motors according to the act

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acceptance of electrical equipment from repair.

The foreman of the site for the repair of electric motors makes entries in the passports of electrical equipment about the work performed, indicating defects in the statement.

Acceptance and delivery certificates with the application of technical documentation and a list of defects must be kept in the passports of electrical equipment.

Electrical equipment, electrical networks, networks, grounding put into operation after repair are tested in accordance with the volumes and standards specified in the rules for the technical operation of consumer electrical installations. According to the results of the test, protocols are drawn up.

After preliminary acceptance from repair, electrical equipment is checked under load within the time specified by the manufacturer, but not less than 24 hours. If there are no defects in the work during this period, the commission accepts the electrical equipment for operation and establishes

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assessment of the quality of the repair. If defects are found, the repair is not considered completed until they are eliminated and the electrical equipment is re-checked under load within the next 24 hours.

After repair, the electric motor is tested on a test bench in the workshop with the execution of an inspection certificate in the form. After checking, with positive test results, the electric motors are transferred to the technical workshop with the installation of a pumping station (another similar one) on the frame by the repair service of the electrical workshop in the presence of serviceable lifting mechanisms and free passages for transporting the electric motor. In the absence of lifting mechanisms or their malfunction above this electric motor, the installation of a pumping (other similar) unit on the frame is carried out together with the technological service of the workshop, on the balance of which this electric motor is located. Alignment of the electric motor with the driven equipment is carried out by the repair service of the technological workshop.

11. The use of modern devices, tools and technology in the operation and repair of EO:

As digital measuring instruments wide application found:

1) Ammeter - a device for measuring current strength in amperes.

The scale of ammeters is graduated in microamps, milliamps, amperes or kilo amperes in accordance with the measurement limits of the device.

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The ammeter is connected to the electrical circuit in series with the section of the electrical circuit in which the current is measured; to increase the measurement limit - equipped with a shunt (for DC and alternating current), current transformer (only for AC circuits) or magnetic amplifier (for circuits direct current). A complete device from a current measuring head and a current transformer of a special design is called a "clamp meter".

2) Current clamp - a device for measuring alternating current without breaking the circuit in which the current is measured.

The principle of operation of current clamps is based on the fact that the current flowing in the wire creates a magnetic field around itself. If this field is variable, then, according to the law of electromagnetic induction, in another conductor, covering a wire with current, an emf arises, which under certain conditions is proportional to the measured current.

3) Voltmeter - measuring device direct reading to determine the voltage or EMF in electrical circuits. Connected in parallel with the load or power source.

4) Multimeter - a combined electrical measuring instrument that combines several functions. In the minimum set, this is a voltmeter, ammeter and ohmmeter. Sometimes a multimeter is performed in the form

current clamps. There are digital and analog multimeters.

A multimeter can range from a lightweight portable device used for basic measurements and troubleshooting to a complex, stationary instrument with many features.

The typical accuracy of digital multimeters when measuring resistance, DC voltage and current is less than ± (0.2% +1 unit of the least significant digit). When measuring AC voltage and current in

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frequency range 20 Hz ... 5 kHz measurement error ± (0.3% + 1 unit of the least significant digit).

12. Compliance with the requirements of the safety regulations and fire safety during operation and repair of EO:

Safety regulations (TB):

Fulfillment of the rules of safety is mandatory without reasoning and amendments.

Safety rules are: unconditional and conditional; mandatory and recommended. Types and schedule of briefing:

1. Safety training and general briefing;

2. Briefing before starting work;

3. Instruction at the workplace.

4. Checking the briefing is always required.

5. In case of violation of TB, the requirements of TB take precedence over the requirements of work

At the entrance to production room there should be an inscription indicating its class in explosive or fire hazard.
Persons responsible for the state of electrical installations (chief power engineer, head of the electrical department, engineering and technical worker of the appropriate qualification, appointed by order of the head of the enterprise or shop) are obliged to:
a) ensure the organization and timely conduct of preventive inspections and scheduled preventive repairs of electrical equipment, apparatus and electrical networks, as well as the timely elimination of violations of PTE and PTB that could lead to fires and fires;
b) monitor the correct selection and use of cables, electrical wires, motors, lamps and other electrical equipment, depending on the class of fire and explosion hazard of the premises and conditions environment;
c) systematically monitor the condition of protection devices against short circuits, overloads, internal and atmospheric overvoltages, as well as other emergency modes work;
d) monitor the serviceability of special installations and means designed to eliminate fires and fires in electrical installations and cable rooms;
e) organize a system for training and instructing duty personnel on fire safety issues during operation

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electrical installations;
f) participate in the investigation of cases of fires and fires from electrical installations, develop and implement measures to prevent them.
The electrician on duty (shift electrician) is obliged to carry out scheduled preventive inspections of electrical equipment, check the availability and serviceability of protection devices and take immediate measures to eliminate violations that can lead to fires and fires. The results of inspections of electrical installations, detected malfunctions and measures taken should be recorded in the operational log.
Checking the insulation of cables, wires, reliability of connections, protective grounding, the mode of operation of electric motors should be carried out by electricians of the enterprise both by external inspection and with the help of instruments. The measurement of wire insulation resistance must be carried out within the time limits established by the PTE and PTB.
All electrical installations must be protected by protection devices against short-circuit currents and other emergency conditions that can lead to fires and fires.

13. Conclusions on the project:

In the process of working on a course project, I studied the types and nature of repairs, safety and fire safety rules. I studied the electrical equipment of the screw-cutting lathe and its components. I also paid special attention to the choice of diagnostic devices and the principle of their operation in the given values. The most effective, in my opinion, are digital diagnostic devices, such as: ammeter, voltmeter, megohmmeter, multimeter and frequency meter. The paper considers modern technologies repair work electrical equipment of machine tools of the turning group.

14. Literature:

1. Modern technologies in the production of engines, edited by A.G. Bratukhina, G.K. Yazova, B.E. Karasev. Engineering, 1997 410s.

2. A.A. Garkavy, "Production of engine parts".

3. Crane electrical equipment: Yu.V. Alekseev, A.P. Theological. Energy, 1979

4. Crane electric drive: Reference book by A.G. Yaure, E.M. Pevzner. Energoatomizdat, 1988

5. Lipkin B.Yu. Elect

1. GENERAL PROVISIONS.

1.1. To the management of hoists and rigging persons not younger than 18 years of age, specially trained and certified in accordance with the above Rules and having a note about this in the knowledge test certificate, may be admitted. 1.2. Lifting mechanisms (hoists, winches) must be maintained and operated in accordance with the Rules for the Design and safe operation lifting cranes" and "Rules for safe work with tools and devices".
1.3. On hoists in operation, the name of the enterprise, inventory number, load capacity and date of the next technical certification.
1.4. Repair and maintenance of electric hoists must be carried out by electrical personnel with a group of at least III. Workers of the main professions, which, by the nature of the work performed, are associated with the operation of hoists, must be trained in an adjacent profession according to special program. They must be certified by the qualification commission and a record of admission to the performance of slinging work is made in the certificate.
1.5. The cases of electric hoists must be grounded. The case of the push-button control device of the hoist controlled from the floor must be made of insulating material, or grounded by at least two conductors, a cable on which the push-button device is suspended can be used as one of the grounding conductors.
1.6. Starters for manual control of hoists must be suspended on a steel cable of such length that it is possible to control the mechanism while being at a safe distance from the load being lifted. If the control apparatus is located less than 0.5 m from the floor, it should be hung on a hook attached to a cable at a height of 1-1.5 m.
1.7. Electric hoists must be equipped with limit switches for automatic stop of the lifting mechanism of the lifting device. When lifting a load with electric hoists, it is prohibited to bring the hook holder to the limit switch and use the latter for automatic stop.
1.8. Electric hoists must be equipped with two brakes: electromagnetic and load-resistant. The braking safety factor of the electromagnetic brake must be at least 1.25, and the load-resistant 1.1. Electric hoists must be equipped with a load limiter and a lower hook block.
1.9. The lifting mechanism of manual hoists must be equipped with an automatic load-resistant brake. The brake should ensure smooth lowering of the load when the traction wheel rotates under the action of traction force and automatic stop of the load when it stops. 1.10. fasten hand hoists to pipelines and their hangers prohibited.

1.11. Testing of stationary hoists is carried out at the place of their installation, portable hoists for testing are suspended from a tripod or some other structure.
1.12. Hoists, at least once every 12 months, must be subjected to a full technical examination.
1.13. An extraordinary full technical examination of lifting mechanisms should be carried out after their reconstruction, repair of metal structures of mechanisms with the replacement of design elements or units, overhaul or changing mechanisms, replacing the hook.
1.14. The technical examination should be carried out by an engineering and technical worker who supervises the lifting mechanisms at the enterprise, with the participation of a person responsible for their good condition.
1.15. Static testing of lifting mechanisms is carried out with a load that is 25% higher than their rated carrying capacity in order to check the strength of the mechanisms and their individual elements. During the static test, the test weight is lifted to a height of 100 mm and held in this position for 10 min.
1.16. A hoist that passes the static test is subjected to a dynamic test.
1.17. The dynamic test of the hoisting mechanism must be carried out with a load 10% greater than the rated lifting capacity of the mechanism in order to check the operation of its brakes.
The braking safety factor, depending on the operating mode and the type of mechanism drive, should be 1.5-2.5.
1.18. Dynamic tests consist of repeated (at least 6 times) ascents to a height of at least 1 m and lowering of the test load.
1.19. During dynamic tests, brakes, limit switches, smooth operation of the load and traction chains are checked. In case of detecting runs, skips or slips of the chain along the sprocket and traction wheels, the hoists are rejected.
1.20. During dynamic testing of electric hoists, the operation of the brakes must be checked separately. To check the brakes during operations, the mechanisms must be stopped at least 3 times in each direction.
1.21. During dynamic testing of hoists, all operations must be carried out 2 times, while the action of the limiter of the lower position of the hook suspension must be checked.
After the end of the tests, the load limiter must be adjusted and its operation checked.
1.22. When testing the hoists, spontaneous lowering of the load should not be observed. If cracks, breaks and deformations are detected, the hoists are rejected.
1.23. It is allowed to conduct a dynamic test of electric hoists with a load exceeding their rated load capacity by 25%. In this case, the static test may not be carried out.
1.24. The date and results of the technical examination of the hoisting mechanism are recorded by the person who carried out the examination in the passport of the mechanism, indicating the date of the next examination, as well as information on the repairs performed.

1.25. Before putting into operation, after a major overhaul and periodically, but at least once a year, the insulation resistance of the electrical equipment of the hoist should be measured with a megohmmeter for a voltage of 500 V. The insulation resistance should be at least 0.5 MΩ.
1.26. Hoist electrical equipment with an insulation resistance of less than 0.5 MΩ must be dried.

2. Safety requirements before starting work.

2.1. The place of work of the hoist must be determined so that sufficient space is provided for viewing the working area and maneuvering.
2.2. The mass of loads to be lifted must be determined prior to lifting. The load on lifting mechanisms should not exceed their carrying capacity.
2.3. For loads that have special devices (hinges, pins, frames) designed to lift the load in various positions, schemes for their slinging should be developed.
2.4. The condition of the hoists should be checked before each use.
2.5. Before starting work, the electric steel should be inspected.
At the same time, attention should be paid to their cleanliness, the presence of lubrication, the condition of chains, ropes, gear teeth and sprockets, the serviceability of cotter pins or rivets at the ends of the main axis, the reliability of chains on sprockets and the fastening of the rope on the drum, wear of the rolling surface of the running rollers, the distance between roller flanges and the extreme edges of the monorail track, the serviceability of the electromagnetic brake of the electric hoists and the degree of wear of the friction pads: the condition of the electric motors, electrical wiring and contacts, control devices, pantograph and limit switch, the absence of jamming of mechanisms and slippage of chains, as well as the level of noise that occurs during the operation of the hoists .
The teeth of the sprockets and gears, as well as the chains, must not have cracks, burrs and dents on the surface; the plate chains must be movable in all hinged joints.
2.6. If defects are found, defective components and parts must be replaced before the start of work.

3. Safety requirements during work.

3.1. The place of work on lifting and moving goods must be well lit during work.
In case of insufficient illumination of the place of work, heavy snowfall, fog, and also in other cases when the person serving the hoist poorly distinguishes the signals of the slinger or the load being moved, the work of the hoist must be stopped.
3.2. The supply of electrical voltage to the lifting mechanism from an external power supply must be carried out using input device, having manual and remote control to relieve stress.

3.3. Load hooks for loads over 3 tons must be made rotatable, with the exception of special purpose hooks.
Load hooks, from the mouth of which during operation it is possible for removable load-lifting devices to fall out, must be equipped with a safety lock.
3.4. The lifting of a load for which slinging schemes have not been developed must be carried out in the presence and under the guidance of an employee responsible for the safe work of cranes.
3.5. Loads suspended from the hook of the lifting mechanism must be securely tied with ropes so that during their movement the fall of individual parts (boards, woods, pipes, etc.) is excluded and the stable position of the load is ensured during movement. Slinging of long loads must be carried out with a double sling, and in the case of vertical lifting - with a sling with a safety clip.
3.6. In the cargo movement area, all openings must be closed or fenced and safety warning signs posted.
3.7. When moving the load in a horizontal direction, it must first be raised 0.5 m above the objects encountered on the way.
3.8. It is allowed to lower loads to a previously prepared place where their fall is excluded. For the convenience of removing the slings from under the load at the place of its installation, it is necessary to lay strong gaskets under it.
3.9. Lower loads onto ceilings, supports and platforms without preliminary calculation of structural strength and overload them beyond allowable loads prohibited.
3.10. It is forbidden to leave the load suspended, as well as to lift and move people with lifting mechanisms that are not designed for lifting them. In the event of a malfunction of the mechanism, when it is impossible to lower the load, the place under the suspended load must be fenced and posters "Danger Zone", "Closed" should be posted.
3.11. Work with disabled or defective safety devices and brakes is prohibited.
It is forbidden to simultaneously raise or lower two loads that are in close proximity to each other.
3.12. Before lifting, the load must be lifted to a height of no more than 300 mm to check the correct slinging, uniform tension of the slings, the stability of the lifting mechanism and the reliability of the brake, only after that the load should be lifted to the required height, to correct the slinging, the load must be lowered.
3.13. Lifting the load must be done smoothly, without jerks and rocking.
3.14. All friction parts of the hoists must be lubricated at least once a month.

4. Safety requirements at the end of work.

4.1. After finishing work, put the workplace in order, turn off all the electric motors of the mechanisms involved in loading and unloading operations,
remove all fixtures, slings, auxiliary ropes and tidy up the rest of the inventory, tools.
4.2. Report the completion of work to the supervisor.
4.3. Tidy up overalls, clean from dust and dirt, take a shower.

5. Safety requirements in emergency situations.

5.1. In the event of an accident or an emergency situation, take measures to prevent and eliminate the danger.
5.2. Immediately inform your immediate supervisor about any accident that occurred at work, about signs of illness, as well as about a situation that poses a threat to life and health of people.
5.3. When defeated electric shock it is necessary to immediately release the victim from the action of the current, observing the requirements of electrical safety, to provide first aid and call a medical officer, inform the management.
5.4. In the event of a fire, inform fire department by phone 01, the work manager and start extinguishing.

1.1. Persons not younger than 18 years of age, specially trained and certified in accordance with the above Rules and having a note about this in the knowledge test certificate, may be allowed to manage hoists and rigging work.

1.2. Hoisting mechanisms (hoists, winches) must be maintained and operated in accordance with the Rules for the Construction and Safe Operation of Hoisting Cranes and the Rules for Safe Work with Tools and Attachments.

1.3. On hoists in operation, the name of the enterprise, inventory number, load capacity and the date of the next technical examination should be indicated.

1.4. Repair and maintenance of electric hoists must be carried out by electrical personnel with a group of at least III. Workers of the main professions, which, by the nature of the work performed, are associated with the operation of hoists, must be trained in a related profession according to a special program. They must be certified by the qualification commission and a record of admission to the performance of slinging work is made in the certificate.

1.5. The cases of electric hoists must be grounded. The case of the push-button control device of the hoist controlled from the floor must be made of insulating material, or grounded by at least two conductors, a cable on which the push-button device is suspended can be used as one of the grounding conductors.

1.6. Starters for manual control of hoists must be suspended on a steel cable of such length that it is possible to control the mechanism while being at a safe distance from the load being lifted. If the control apparatus is located less than 0.5 m from the floor, it should be hung on a hook attached to a cable at a height of 1-1.5 m.

1.7. Electric hoists must be equipped with limit switches to automatically stop the lifting mechanism of the lifting device. When lifting a load with electric hoists, it is prohibited to bring the hook holder to the limit switch and use the latter for automatic stop.

1.8. Electric hoists must be equipped with two brakes: electromagnetic and load-resistant. The braking safety factor of the electromagnetic brake must be at least 1.25, and the load-resistant 1.1. Electric hoists must be equipped with a load limiter and a lower hook block.

1.9. The lifting mechanism of manual hoists must be equipped with an automatic load-resistant brake. The brake should ensure smooth lowering of the load when the traction wheel rotates under the action of traction force and automatic stop of the load when it stops. 1.10. Attaching hand hoists to pipelines and their hangers is prohibited.

1.11. Testing of stationary hoists is carried out at the place of their installation, portable hoists for testing are suspended from a tripod or some other structure.

1.12. Hoists, at least once every 12 months, must be subjected to a full technical examination.

1.13. An extraordinary full technical examination of lifting mechanisms should be carried out after their reconstruction, repair of metal structures of mechanisms with the replacement of design elements or assemblies, overhaul or change of mechanisms, replacement of the hook.

1.14. The technical examination should be carried out by an engineering and technical worker who supervises the lifting mechanisms at the enterprise, with the participation of a person responsible for their good condition.

1.15. Static testing of lifting mechanisms is carried out with a load that is 25% higher than their rated carrying capacity in order to check the strength of the mechanisms and their individual elements. During the static test, the test weight is lifted to a height of 100 mm and held in this position for 10 min.

1.16. A hoist that passes the static test is subjected to a dynamic test.

1.17. The dynamic test of the hoisting mechanism must be carried out with a load 10% greater than the rated lifting capacity of the mechanism in order to check the operation of its brakes.
The braking safety factor, depending on the operating mode and the type of mechanism drive, should be 1.5-2.5.

1.18. Dynamic tests consist of repeated (at least 6 times) ascents to a height of at least 1 m and lowering of the test load.

1.19. During dynamic tests, brakes, limit switches, smooth operation of the load and traction chains are checked. In case of detecting runs, skips or slips of the chain along the sprocket and traction wheels, the hoists are rejected.

1.20. During dynamic testing of electric hoists, the operation of the brakes must be checked separately. To check the brakes during operations, the mechanisms must be stopped at least 3 times in each direction.

1.21. During dynamic testing of hoists, all operations must be carried out 2 times, while the action of the limiter of the lower position of the hook suspension must be checked.
After the end of the tests, the load limiter must be adjusted and its operation checked.

1.22. When testing the hoists, spontaneous lowering of the load should not be observed. If cracks, breaks and deformations are detected, the hoists are rejected.

1.23. It is allowed to conduct a dynamic test of electric hoists with a load exceeding their rated load capacity by 25%. In this case, the static test may not be carried out.

1.24. The date and results of the technical examination of the hoisting mechanism are recorded by the person who carried out the examination in the passport of the mechanism, indicating the date of the next examination, as well as information on the repairs performed.

1.25. Before putting into operation, after a major overhaul and periodically, but at least once a year, the insulation resistance of the electrical equipment of the hoist should be measured with a megohmmeter for a voltage of 500 V. The insulation resistance should be at least 0.5 MΩ.

1.26. Hoist electrical equipment with an insulation resistance of less than 0.5 MΩ must be dried.

2. Safety requirements before starting work.

2.1. The place of work of the hoist must be determined so that sufficient space is provided for viewing the working area and maneuvering.

2.2. The mass of loads to be lifted must be determined prior to lifting. The load on lifting mechanisms should not exceed their carrying capacity.

2.3. For loads that have special devices (hinges, pins, frames) designed to lift the load in various positions, schemes for their slinging should be developed.

2.4. The condition of the hoists should be checked before each use.

2.5. Before starting work, the electric steel should be inspected.
At the same time, attention should be paid to their cleanliness, the presence of lubrication, the condition of chains, ropes, gear teeth and sprockets, the serviceability of cotter pins or rivets at the ends of the main axis, the reliability of chains on sprockets and the fastening of the rope on the drum, wear of the rolling surface of the running rollers, the distance between roller flanges and the extreme edges of the monorail track, the serviceability of the electromagnetic brake of the electric hoists and the degree of wear of the friction pads: the condition of the electric motors, electrical wiring and contacts, control devices, pantograph and limit switch, the absence of jamming of mechanisms and slippage of chains, as well as the level of noise that occurs during the operation of the hoists .
The teeth of the sprockets and gears, as well as the chains, must not have cracks, burrs and dents on the surface; the plate chains must be movable in all hinged joints.

2.6. If defects are found, defective components and parts must be replaced before the start of work.

3. Safety requirements during work.

3.1. The place of work on lifting and moving goods must be well lit during work.
In case of insufficient illumination of the place of work, heavy snowfall, fog, and also in other cases when the person serving the hoist poorly distinguishes the signals of the slinger or the load being moved, the work of the hoist must be stopped.

3.2. The supply of electrical voltage to the hoisting mechanism from an external power supply must be carried out using an input device with manual and remote control to relieve voltage.

3.3. Load hooks for loads over 3 tons must be made rotatable, with the exception of special purpose hooks.
Load hooks, from the mouth of which during operation it is possible for removable load-lifting devices to fall out, must be equipped with a safety lock.

3.4. The lifting of a load for which slinging schemes have not been developed must be carried out in the presence and under the guidance of an employee responsible for the safe work of cranes.

3.5. Loads suspended from the hook of the lifting mechanism must be securely tied with ropes so that during their movement the fall of individual parts (boards, woods, pipes, etc.) is excluded and the stable position of the load is ensured during movement. Slinging of long loads must be carried out with a double sling, and in the case of vertical lifting - with a sling with a safety clip.

3.6. In the cargo movement area, all openings must be closed or fenced and safety warning signs posted.

3.7. When moving the load in a horizontal direction, it must first be raised 0.5 m above the objects encountered on the way.

3.8. It is allowed to lower loads to a previously prepared place where their fall is excluded. For the convenience of removing the slings from under the load at the place of its installation, it is necessary to lay strong gaskets under it.

3.9. It is forbidden to lower loads onto ceilings, supports and platforms without preliminary calculation of structural strength and overload them in excess of permissible loads.

3.10. It is forbidden to leave the load suspended, as well as to lift and move people with lifting mechanisms that are not designed for lifting them. In the event of a malfunction of the mechanism, when it is impossible to lower the load, the place under the suspended load must be fenced and posters "Danger Zone", "Closed" should be posted.

3.11. Work with disabled or defective safety devices and brakes is prohibited.
It is forbidden to simultaneously raise or lower two loads that are in close proximity to each other.

3.12. Before lifting, the load must be lifted to a height of no more than 300 mm to check the correct slinging, uniform tension of the slings, the stability of the lifting mechanism and the reliability of the brake, only after that the load should be lifted to the required height, to correct the slinging, the load must be lowered.

3.13. Lifting the load must be done smoothly, without jerks and rocking.

3.14. All friction parts of the hoists must be lubricated at least once a month.

4. Safety requirements at the end of work.

4.1. After finishing work, put the workplace in order, turn off all the electric motors of the mechanisms involved in loading and unloading operations,
remove all fixtures, slings, auxiliary ropes and tidy up the rest of the inventory, tools.

4.2. Report the completion of work to the supervisor.

4.3. Tidy up overalls, clean from dust and dirt, take a shower.

5. Safety requirements in emergency situations.

5.1. In the event of an accident or an emergency situation, take measures to prevent and eliminate the danger.

5.2. Immediately inform your immediate supervisor about any accident that occurred at work, about signs of illness, as well as about a situation that poses a threat to life and health of people.

5.3. In case of electric shock, it is necessary to immediately release the victim from the action of the current, observing the requirements of electrical safety, provide first aid and call a medical officer, notify the management.

5.4. In the event of a fire, inform the fire brigade by phone 01, the work manager and start extinguishing.

5.5. In the event of an accident, it is necessary to provide first aid to the victim, report the incident to the management and, if necessary, call an ambulance.

Below is the safety precautions for the operation of the electric hoist. The full instruction manual can be viewed.

General requirements for security

Regardless of , which in accordance Relevant sections of the Instructions include instructions for safe operation , the following specific requirements must be observed :

  1. Do not allow the lifting and moving of the load above the service personnel or other persons.
  2. Every day before starting work, check the operation of the brakes and the limit switch.
  3. A lifted load must not be left unattended.
  4. The nominal load capacity must not be exceeded.
  5. Do not lift the load at an angle or drag it along the ground.
  6. It is necessary to check the condition of the cargo cable and, if necessary, replace it in a timely manner. When replacing, pay attention to the strong fastening of its two ends.
  7. After replacing the cable, as well as after repairing and re-assembling the electric hoist, it is necessary to check the phase coincidence and the adjustment of the limit switch at the upper and lower extreme positions of the load hook (clause 4.4).
  8. When the maximum allowable axial stroke of the electric motor rotor is reached during operation, it is necessary to adjust the brake (clause 5.4).
  9. When performing maintenance or repair operations on the electric hoist, pay attention to the following:release the electric hoist from the load; Withturn off the power supply using the mains switch and prevent it from being turned on by unauthorized persons or accidentally turned on.
  10. The load hook should be checked for cracks, deformations, and the safety latch is in good condition.
  11. Load-bearing bolted connections should be checked to prevent self-loosening.
  12. It is necessary to check the reliability of the connection: protective wire of the supply cable to the protective busbar of the electrical panel; both ends of the protective conductors of the transformer and motor cables.
  13. When using electric hoists with a movement mechanism, buffers should be installed at both ends of the monorail track (clause 4.8).
  14. Whenever a command switch is removed, the outer metal screws securing it to the enclosure must be covered again with insulating material.
  15. The limit switch cannot be used as a work switch.
  16. Do not try to tear off firmly fixed loads from the ground (for example, g ruzes frozen to the ground).
  17. The extreme positions for lifting and horizontal movement of the load can only be used if there is a working limit switch.

Service personnel requirements

Certain workers responsible for this mechanism are appointed to control the electric hoist, and locksmiths and electricians are appointed to maintain and repair them. All of these persons must be properly trained in accordance with the Rules for the Construction and Safe Operation of Cranes and receive an appropriate certificate. The results of certification and knowledge testing are documented in a protocol and entered in the knowledge testing journal.

Workers of the main professions to control the electric hoist from the floor or from a stationary console and hang the load on the hook of the electric hoist are allowed after appropriate instruction and skills testing in the manner established by the enterprise.

Re-testing the knowledge of service personnel (crane operators, electricians, mechanics, slingers) is carried out at least once every 12 months.

Workers of the main professions, serving the hoists and making the hooking of goods to the hook, must be re-instructed at least once every 12 months.

For proper maintenance of cranes, the owner is obliged to provide crane operators, locksmiths, electricians and slingers with instructions that define their rights, obligations and the procedure for safe work, taking into account the type of electric hoists, specific operating conditions, maintenance and repair of electric hoists and the requirements contained in the "Rules for the Construction and Safe operation of cranes.

Work performance and safety

The workers operating the hoist must be on the side of the open part of the drum. The place of work should be well lit and have a free passage for service personnel.

The hoist mechanisms are activated by pressing the corresponding button on the button station, to stop, the pressed button is released.

Ropes, chains and other lifting devices must have the proper carrying capacity, have the appropriate stamps and tags, and fully comply with the requirements of Gosgortekhnadzor. Ropes and chains should be selected in such a length that the angle between the branches does not exceed 90 °, an increase in this angle can be allowed only in exceptional cases, when the height of the hook does not allow the use of longer slings and when this excludes the possibility of moving the slings over the load.

The load must be tied so that the slings do not slip off it. Pull ropes and chains must be applied without knots and loops; Under the sharp ribs, be sure to put linings that protect the ropes and chains from damage. Small-piece cargo must be lifted and moved in a specially designed container.

A load moving in a horizontal direction must be raised 0.5 m above the objects encountered on the way.

When moving the hoist, the buildup of the load should be eliminated; when the hoist stops at the moment when the load rope has a maximum deviation from the vertical, it is recommended to turn on the hoist for a short time so that its movement coincides with the direction of the load deviation.

To turn long and bulky loads during their lifting or moving, special braces (hooks) of the appropriate length must be used.

The load to be transported may only be lowered to a place designated for this purpose, where it could not fall, tip over or slip. At the place of installation of the load, linings of adequate strength must be previously laid so that the pull ropes or chains can be easily removed from under the load.

The load must be stacked on the platform and the trolley and removed from them without disturbing the balance.

When lifting a load, it must first be raised to a height of no more than 200-300 mm to check the correct slinging and the reliability of the brakes.

Impulse operation (very often alternating switching on) should be avoided. During operation, it is necessary to monitor the serviceability of both brakes, which must work simultaneously. After completion or during a break in work, the electric hoist must be unloaded, the knife switch that feeds the hoist must be turned off and locked.

IT IS FORBIDDEN:

  • The surfaces on which the rollers move, the rolling surfaces of the rollers and the swivel of the lifting mechanism with the movement mechanisms should be painted, since the paint interferes with the good adhesion of the rollers to the monorail and increases the grounding resistance of the electric hoist through the monorail.
  • During work, be under the load between the load and the wall of the house, column, machine, stack, etc.
  • Lift a load that exceeds the maximum lifting capacity of the hoist. When using electric hoists for lifting and transporting molten metal, liquid slag, the maximum weight of the load should not exceed 75% of the maximum carrying capacity and the requirements of the "Rules for the Design and Safe Operation of Hoisting Cranes" must be met.
  • Exceed operating hours.
  • Simultaneously press the buttons that turn on the opposite movements of the mechanisms, suddenly switch the mechanisms to reverse.
  • Use limit switches as working bodies for automatic stop of mechanisms, bring the hoist to the end stops installed on the monorail.
  • Using a hoist, tear off foundations or loads covered with earth, frozen to the ground, laid with other loads or reinforced with bolts; free pull ropes or chains caught in the load. Lift the load if the rope deviates from the vertical, lift loads suspended on the tip of the hook and are in an unstable position, lift the load in containers filled above the sides; move loads in places where the fall of the load can cause an explosion, fire or other dangerous consequences.
  • Unwind loose rope from hoists without a rope layer when the suspension is in an unsuspended state; align suspended or transportable loads with the weight of people.
  • Operate the electric hoist with the cabinet of electrical equipment open.
  • Install end stops against trolley rollers.
  • Work with faulty limiters.

Maintenance

The frequency of inspections and the scope of work is established by the administration of the enterprise, based on the specific conditions of the work of the hoist. It is recommended that inspections be carried out at least once a month and during their conduct it is imperative to check:

  • the state of the monorail track and current-carrying tires;
  • grounding reliability;
  • the cleanliness of the hoist, the presence and condition of the lubricant;
  • the condition of the insulation of the electrical supply in accordance with the current standards for the safe operation of mechanisms with an electric drive;
  • condition and operation of the current collector, limit switches, magnetic starters and push-button station;
  • reliability of fastening of the cargo rope and its condition;
  • tightening of bolts, contact and other connections, as well as the presence and condition of stoppers (spring washers, cotter pins and other parts that ensure locking);
  • suspension condition and hook mobility (rotation, rolling);
  • condition of gears;
  • brake operation;
  • the condition and operation of the ropelayer.
  • The results of inspections and marks of elimination of identified faults are recorded in the journal of periodic inspections.

Inspection of the hoist by a responsible person should be carried out before starting work, and any malfunctions found during this should be immediately eliminated.

Maintenance labor costs:

Monthly - 8 man-hours;

Annual - 18 man-hours.

The norms of working off the time before the next maintenance:

Monthly - 62 machines. hours;

Annual - 740 cars. hours.

Standards of working time before the next repair:

Current - 740 machines. hours;

Capital - 4500 machines. hours.

Note. Labor costs for maintenance and norms of working time before maintenance, current and overhaul of electric hoists are given based on work in normal production conditions with their loading in the average operating mode with an equivalent load of 0.5<ЗН с коэффициентом использования по времени в год 0,5, в сутки - 0,67 и в час - 0,25.

When the electric hoist is operating in lighter or heavier modes, the monthly labor costs per person per hour. and the norms of working off the time until the next maintenance and current repair in the machine. hours change accordingly.

This manual on labor protection when working with an electric hoist is available for free viewing and downloading.

1. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR LABOR PROTECTION

1.1. An employee of at least 18 years of age who has the necessary theoretical and practical training, has passed a medical examination and has no contraindications for health reasons, has passed introductory and primary workplace safety briefings and training, has been certified by the qualification commission and received admission to independent work.
1.2. An employee working with an electric hoist (hereinafter referred to as an employee) must periodically, at least once a year, undergo training and testing knowledge of labor protection requirements and receive an admission to high-risk work.
1.3. An employee, regardless of qualifications and length of service, at least once every three months, must undergo a re-instruction on labor protection; in case of violation of labor protection requirements by him, as well as during a break in work for more than 30 calendar days, he must undergo an unscheduled briefing.
1.4. An employee authorized to operate an electric hoist must know: Rules for the design and safe operation of cranes (in the part relating to it). Manufacturer's instructions for the operation of the serviced electric hoist. The device and the purpose of its mechanisms and security devices. Safe methods of tying and securing cargo. Methods for determining the suitability for work of ropes, removable load-handling devices. Rules, norms and instructions for labor protection and fire safety. Rules for the use of primary fire extinguishing equipment. Methods of first aid in case of accidents. Rules of internal labor regulations of the organization.
1.5. An employee who has shown unsatisfactory skills and knowledge of safe operation of an electric hoist and hanging a load on the hook of such a machine is not allowed to work independently.
1.6. An employee working with an electric hoist must be aware that in order to check the good condition of the electric hoist, it must be subjected to periodic technical inspection.
1.7. An employee sent to participate in work unusual for his profession must undergo targeted training on the safe performance of upcoming work.
1.8. The employee is prohibited from using tools, fixtures and equipment, the safe handling of which he has not been trained.
1.9. While working with an electric hoist, an employee can be adversely affected, mainly by the following dangerous and harmful production factors:
- a load falling from a height (for example, if the load is strapped incorrectly or the sling is broken);
- electric current, the path of which, in the event of a short circuit, can pass through the human body;
- unprotected moving (rotating) elements, parts, units of the electric hoist;
- sharp edges, burrs, roughness on the surface of steel ropes, electric hoist, transported goods.
1.10. An employee operating an electric hoist during work must use personal protective equipment against the effects of hazardous and harmful production factors.
1.11. To prevent the possibility of a fire, an employee must comply with fire safety requirements himself and prevent violations of these requirements by other employees; Smoking is allowed only in specially designated areas.
1.12. The employee is obliged to comply with labor and production discipline, internal labor regulations. It is not allowed to perform work while in a state of alcoholic intoxication or in a state caused by the consumption of narcotic drugs, psychotropic, toxic or other intoxicating substances, as well as to drink alcoholic beverages, use narcotic drugs, psychotropic, toxic or other intoxicating substances at the workplace or at work. time;
1.13. If an accident occurs with any of the employees, then the victim must be given first aid, report the incident to the manager and maintain the situation of the incident, if this does not create a danger to others.
1.14. The employee, if necessary, must be able to provide first aid to the victim, use a first-aid kit.
1.15. To prevent the possibility of illness, the employee should follow the rules of personal hygiene, including washing hands thoroughly with soap and water before eating.
1.16. An employee who has committed a violation or non-compliance with the requirements of the labor protection instructions is considered as a violator of industrial discipline and may be subject to disciplinary liability, and, depending on the consequences, to criminal liability; if the violation is associated with causing material damage, then the perpetrator may be held liable in accordance with the established procedure.

2. HEALTH REQUIREMENTS BEFORE STARTING WORK

2.1. Before starting work, you should put on overalls, safety shoes and other personal protective equipment necessary for work against the effects of hazardous and harmful production factors.
2.2. Overalls must be of the appropriate size, clean and not restrict movement.
2.3. Before starting work on the electric hoist, it is necessary to make sure that all its mechanisms are in good condition.
2.4. Before you start working with the electric hoist, you must do the following:
2.4.1. Inspect the mechanisms of the machine, their fastening and brakes.
2.4.2. Check the condition of the flexible electric cable and the control panel.
2.4.3. Inspect in accessible places the condition of the ropes, their lubrication.
2.4.4. Inspect the hook and its fastening in the clip.
2.4.5. Check the presence and serviceability of safety devices (limit switches, etc.).
2.4.6. Check the presence and serviceability of the grounding conductor to the starter box, as well as the serviceability of the start buttons, the serviceability of the insulation on the electrical wiring.
2.5. Before starting work, it is necessary to check the compliance of removable load-handling devices with the mass and nature of the load, their serviceability and the presence of information on the date of the last test on them.
2.6. Inspection of a flexible electrical cable should be carried out with the switch disconnected.
2.7. After inspecting the electric hoist, before starting it, it is necessary to test the operation of its mechanisms at idle and check the serviceability of the action: electric drive of the electric hoist, safety devices, brakes, height limiter.
2.8. If, during the inspection and testing of the electric hoist, faults or shortcomings that impede safe operation are found, and it is impossible to eliminate them on their own, it is prohibited to start working on such an electric hoist.
2.9. Do not start working on the electric hoist if there are the following faults:
— cracks or deformations in the metal structure of the electric hoist;
- the number of breaks in the wires of the cargo and pull ropes or surface wear exceeds the established norm, and there is also a broken strand or other damage;
- defects in the mechanism of lifting the load, threatening the safety of work;
- damage to the brake parts of the load lifting mechanism;
- wear of the hook in the throat, exceeding 10% of the initial section height;
- lack of fencing mechanisms and the presence of bare current-carrying parts of electrical equipment.
2.10. The body of the push-button control device of the electric hoist must be made of insulating material or grounded by at least two conductors.
2.11. The starting device of the electric hoist must have a device for self-return to the zero position; when using contactors for this, keeping them in the on position should be possible only by continuously pressing the start button.
2.12. The suspension of the control apparatus must be carried out on a steel cable of such length that would allow the worker operating the mechanism to be at a safe distance from the load being lifted; the control apparatus must be located at a height of 1000 to 1500 mm from the floor.
2.13. Before starting work, it is necessary to check the absence of foreign objects in the way of moving the load and ensure free passage for the person operating the electric hoist from the floor.

3. HEALTH REQUIREMENTS DURING WORK

3.1. While working with the electric hoist, you must not be distracted from the performance of your direct duties.
3.2. Before carrying out any movement with the electric hoist, make sure that there are no unauthorized people in the working area of ​​the lifting machine.
3.3. During work on tying and lifting the load, the following safety rules should be observed:
3.3.1. When tying a load, ropes and chains should be superimposed on its main mass (body, frame, frame, frame) without knots, twists and loops.
3.3.2. To protect the slings from damage, special linings should be placed under the ribs of the load.
3.3.3. It is necessary to tie the load in such a way that during its movement the fall of its individual parts is excluded and the stable position of the load is ensured during movement.
3.4. When tying and hitching loads, the following is prohibited:
3.4.1. To carry out slinging of cargo, the mass of which is not known or if the mass of the cargo exceeds the lifting capacity of the electric hoist.
3.4.2. Use damaged or unmarked lifting devices.
3.4.3. Use for tying and hooking loads with devices not intended for this (V-belts, wire, crowbars, pins and other random objects).
3.4.4. Correct the knots and loops in the ropes and chains stretched by the load with your hands.
3.4.5. Correct with blows of a hammer, scrap of a sling on a lifted load.
3.5. When tying the load, it is necessary to select slings (ropes, chains) of such length that the angle between the branches of the slings when hanging the load on the hook is no more than 90 degrees.
3.6. Before lifting a load, the following operations must be performed:
3.6.1. Make sure that the load is securely fastened and not restrained by anything.
3.6.2. Check for loose parts and tools on the load.
3.6.3. Make sure that the load cannot catch on anything during lifting.
3.6.4. Make sure that there are no people near the load, between the load being lifted and walls, columns, stacks, equipment.
3.7. When lifting and moving cargo, the following safety requirements must be observed:
3.7.1. Make sure that the weight of the lifted load does not exceed the lifting capacity of the electric hoist.
3.7.2. If the mass of the load is close to the permitted carrying capacity of the electric hoist, then the load must be lifted to a height of 200-300 mm, the correct slinging, the uniformity of the tension of the slings, the operation of the brakes, and only after that it is possible to lift the load to the required height.
3.7.3. If it is necessary to correct the slinging, the load must be lowered.
3.7.4. Before moving the load horizontally, make sure that the load is at least 0.5 m above the objects on the way.
3.7.5. When moving the load, it is necessary to accompany it and make sure that it cannot catch on anything.
3.7.6. Bulk and small-piece cargo should be lifted in containers specially designed for this purpose.
3.8. To avoid accidents, when lifting and moving a load, do not:
3.8.1. Stand on the load while lifting or moving, and allow the load to be lifted or moved while other people are on it.
3.8.2. Stay under a lifted load or allow other people to be under it.
3.8.3. Pull the load while lifting, moving and lowering it.

4. REQUIREMENTS FOR LABOR PROTECTION IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS

4.1. If during the lifting or moving of the load a malfunction of the electric hoist is noticed, then it is necessary to immediately stop lifting or moving the load, lower it to the floor and report the incident to the person responsible for the safe operation of cranes.
4.2. In the event of a sudden stop of the electric hoist due to a power failure in the network or jamming of moving parts, it is necessary to immediately disconnect the electric hoist from the network with a switch.
4.3. In case of an accident, poisoning, sudden illness, you must immediately provide first aid to the victim, call a doctor or help deliver the victim to the doctor, and then inform the manager about the incident.
4.4. If a fire or signs of burning are detected in the working area (smoke, burning smell, temperature rise, etc.), you must immediately notify the fire brigade by calling 101 or 112 and take measures to extinguish the fire using primary fire extinguishing means.

5. REQUIREMENTS FOR HEALTH AND SAFETY AFTER THE END OF WORK

5.1. After finishing work, do not leave the load suspended.
5.2. Upon completion of work, it is necessary to clean from dirt and put in order the load-handling devices, tools and other equipment.
5.3. At the end of work, you should remove overalls, safety shoes and other personal protective equipment and put them in the designated storage place, if necessary, hand over for washing and cleaning.
5.4. All malfunctions and malfunctions of the electric hoist, lifting devices and auxiliary tools noticed in the process of work, as well as other violations of labor protection requirements, should be reported to your immediate supervisor.
5.5. At the end of work, wash your hands thoroughly with warm water and soap, if necessary, take a shower.