Whatever the rejection of a job, even for hardened candidates, it sometimes causes a fit of pessimism. But is it always necessary to scold yourself for the mistakes you made?

Have you ever been rejected while looking for your dream job?

"Why was I rejected?" - some applicants are tormented, going over in memory every moment of the interview and every phrase in the resume. Such reflection is, of course, useful: you can really understand what confused the recruiter in your candidacy. But it's not always about you. Experts admit that there can be a lot of reasons for refusing to hire, and they are not always associated with the low professionalism of the candidate. It's no secret that applicants are rejected because they are too good.

So, consider why you might be denied. There can be a lot of reasons, so we divided them into two parts - objective (you really behaved incorrectly, made mistakes or do not fit serious reasons) and subjective (you were not hired due to certain circumstances in the company or because of a recruiter’s not quite correct assessment).

Objective reasons

• 1 Your candidacy does not meet the requirements of the vacancy. For example, the ad says that a higher technical education is required, but you do not have it or it has not yet been completed. Or, for a certain vacancy, they are looking for a specialist with many years of experience, and you have not had time to acquire it yet. Such restrictions can be attributed to discrimination, but it is better to find out all the requirements before the interview in order to avoid misunderstandings during the conversation with the recruiter.
• 2Resume, for some reason, stands out too much from total mass, and the recruiter finds ways to stand out inappropriate. For example, a candidate jokes a lot and not always successfully in his CV (for example, he said about himself: “I studied something and somehow”; “I am looking for a job as a spider-man”, etc.). Or for some reason he indicated information about each place of his work different colors- blue, pink, yellow. Or he completely abandoned the business style of presentation in favor of some kind of “creativity”.
• 3At the interview, the HR manager considered appearance candidate who does not fit into the corporate culture of the company. For example, everyone goes to work in business suits, and the applicant showed up in frayed jeans. Or with too bright manicure (in too short a skirt, with massive earrings, in dirty shoes etc.).
• 4During the interview, it became apparent that the candidate had lied on his CV or had embellished his experience and education too much. No comment: you can't make a career out of cheating.
• 5During the interview, the applicant did not demonstrate his motivation and interest in this particular job in this company. The position “persuade me, and maybe then I will agree to your boring job for little money” is inappropriate in most cases. Uninteresting vacancy - do not send a resume.
• 6At the interview, the applicant asked too many questions about vacation and salary and too few questions about duties and rules of work.
• 7 Illiterate speech of the candidate, especially if he applies for a position where constant communication with clients, partners, etc. is expected.
• 8 Uncertainty, stiffness of the applicant or, on the contrary, his excessive looseness and self-confidence.
• 9During the interview, the applicant was critical of his former boss, company, and colleagues. Such a candidate may be considered a conflict or, worse, a scandalous person.
• 10The applicant expressed doubts about the qualifications of an HR manager. “How can this girl evaluate me, an experienced specialist?” - Recruiters often face this position, especially among older applicants. Remember: the HR manager evaluates the basic suitability of your resume for the job and your overall suitability. Professional qualities are assessed by a potential leader if you pass the selection from an HR manager.
• 11Alas, this is a reality: a candidate may be too young or too “adult” for a particular vacancy. Most likely, this reason will not be announced to you, however, the age limit is common for many companies.
• 12The candidate did not show himself to be a polite person: he did not say hello (or did not say hello in a friendly enough way), did not let the girl through the door, did not say “goodbye”, etc.
• 13Applicant tried to flirt with recruiter.
• 14During the interview, the candidate's phone rang. The fact that he did not turn it off during the interview is not good in itself. But the fact that he decided to answer the call may put an end to employment in this company.

Subjective reasons

Now consider the subjective reasons for a possible rejection - those because of which you should not worry too much, because you were not rejected at all because you are not qualified enough or do not know business etiquette. And why?

• 1 The resume seems too good to the recruiter - there is a clear overqualified, that is, an excessively high qualification of the applicant for this vacancy. It is believed that a “too smart” candidate is far from the best way to close a vacancy, especially if it does not involve career growth. There are several disadvantages: a specialist can get bored quite quickly due to the lack of interesting tasks, lose motivation and even leave the company, besides, he needs to be paid more.
• 2Another scenario from point 14: during the interview, the candidate's phone rang. The applicant dropped the call, but the recruiter with a fine aesthetic taste has a complete rejection of the song set as the call (for example, "Vladimirsky Central"). Or any other melody - the concept of "delicate taste", as you know, is loose.
• 3The candidate does not look like a real team player in the eyes of the recruiter - in him, as it seems to the HR manager, there is too much individualistic beginning.
• 4At the same time, the company may also have rather specific wishes for the appearance of the future employee. This is especially true for specialists working with clients or, to one degree or another, being the "face of the company" - secretaries, PR managers, etc. Is it worth it to reproach yourself for the fact that you were born, for example, not a blonde with legs from your ears, but a brown-haired woman of ordinary complexion?
• 5During the interview, the applicant told a joke that the recruiter did not like.
• 6Too much competition for this job. You may be a perfect fit for a job, but three or four other candidates will be just as perfect…
• For some reason, the 7HR manager decided that you would not fit into the existing team. For example, everyone in the department loves corporate parties, and you said that you are “not a party person”. Or all the employees are vegetarians, and you asked if there is a cafe nearby with good meat dishes.
• 8Finally, the applicant could simply not like a recruiter or a potential manager as a human being. The smell of perfume is too strong, an excessively loud or, on the contrary, a very quiet voice, an inappropriately expensive handbag - there can be a lot of subjective factors.

The list goes on. As you can see, the reasons for refusing employment are very different, and not always the applicant should blame himself for some mistakes. Recruiters are people too and can make mistakes, just like any specialists. Do not take too strict an assessment to heart, be sure: the main thing is your professional quality, and if you were rejected, then perhaps the missed vacancy was simply “not yours” and everything that happened will only benefit your career in the end.

"Department of Automobiles and Automobile Economy DIAGNOSTICS OF AUTOMOBILE TRANSPORT Guidelines for..."

Federal Agency for Education

Syktyvkar Forest Institute - branch of the state educational

institutions of higher vocational education"St. Petersburg

S. M. Kirov State Forest Engineering Academy

Department of Automobiles and Automobile Economy

DIAGNOSTICS

ROAD TRANSPORT

INDEPENDENT WORK OF STUDENTS

Guidelines for the preparation of a certified specialist in the direction 653300 "Operation of transport and transport equipment", specialty 190603 "Service of transport and technological machines and equipment", qualification - engineer, full-time and part-time forms of education Special discipline D / o C / o Course 4 4 ​​Semester 8 - Total hours 136 136 Of which classroom hours 68 18 Including lectures 34 8 Practical exercises 16 4 Laboratory work 18 6 Independent work 68 118 Credit (semester) 8 - Test 5 course

– Course work 5 course Syktyvkar 2007 UDC 629.3.083.4 BBK 30.82 D44 The program for independent work of students is compiled in accordance with the State educational standard of higher professional education in the direction 653300 "Operation of transport and transport equipment", specialty 190603 "Service of transport and technological machines and equipment."

Discussed at a meeting of the Department of Automobiles and Automobile Economy on September 4, 2007, protocol No. 1.

Reviewed and approved by the Methodological Commission of the Faculty of Forestry on September 11, 2007, Protocol No. 1.

Compiled by: Art. teacher R. V. Abaimov

Vehicle diagnostics:

D44 independent work of students: guidelines for the preparation of a graduate in the direction of transport and transport 653300 "Operation of equipment", specialty 190603 "Service of transport and technological machines and equipment", qualification - engineer, full-time and part-time education / comp. R. V. Abaimov;

Sykt. forestry in-t. - Syktyvkar: SLI, 2007. - 32 p.

UDC 629.3.083.4 BBK 30.82

–  –  –

1.1. The purpose of teaching the discipline The purpose of teaching the discipline "Diagnosis of road transport" is to give the future engineer knowledge in studying and establishing signs of malfunctions of machines and their mechanisms, developing methods and means by which a conclusion is made (diagnosed) about the nature and essence of malfunctions .

"Diagnosis of road transport" is one of the main majors, having studied which, the student must have the knowledge that allows him to continue his studies and qualify as an engineer.

Tasks of studying the discipline 1.2.

The discipline "Diagnosis of road transport" is the basis for the formation of students' system of scientific and professional knowledge and skills in the field of creation, maintenance and use of road transport - teaching students methods and techniques for the purposeful use of knowledge gained in the study of fundamental and special courses to solve problems of improving work efficiency road transport. The course is one of the special disciplines.

As a result of studying the course "Diagnosis of road transport"

the student must be aware of:

About the technical condition of any machines or mechanisms during their operation;

About the systematization of malfunctions of units and assemblies and the signs of these malfunctions.

On predictive vehicle uptime

About definition technical condition indiscriminately know and be able to use:

Instrumentation and special equipment;

The condition of the elements of the car by a certain sequence in the performance of checks.

Distinguish between subjective and objective troubleshooting

Finding failures and checking sequence;

Element-by-element diagnostics during TO and TR

Techniques for Predicting the Probability of a Vehicle's No-Failure Operation

1.3. The list of disciplines and topics, the assimilation of which by students is necessary for the study of this discipline For the full assimilation of educational material in the discipline "Diagnosis of road transport", it is necessary to have a solid knowledge of the disciplines "Fundamentals of the theory of reliability and diagnostics". "Technical operation of the car."

Supplement to the State Educational Standard of Higher Education 1.4.

professional education in the discipline "Diagnosis of road transport"

The technical condition of any machines or mechanisms during their operation, malfunctions of their units and assemblies and signs of these malfunctions, methods and equipment for their detection. The concept of failure. Diagnostic parameters, major and minor. In-depth element diagnostics. Diagnostic system and diagnostic equipment complex, feedback control system. Structure of divisions of technical diagnostics on ATP. Methods of car diagnostics.

2.1. Independent work and monitoring of progress in the forms of education

–  –  –

PREPARATION OF THEORETICAL MATERIAL

Independent work of students on the study of individual topics of the discipline includes the search for teaching aids on this material, the study and analysis of theoretical material, self-control of knowledge on this topic using the following control questions and tasks.

–  –  –

PREPARATION FOR PRACTICAL EXERCISES

Independent work of students on the study of individual topics of the discipline includes the search for teaching aids on this material, the study and analysis of theoretical material, self-control of knowledge on this topic by solving problems or calculations.

–  –  –

PREPARATION FOR LABORATORY WORKS

According to the curriculum of the specialty, 16 hours for full-time education and 4 hours for part-time education are allotted for laboratory work.

Independent work of students in preparing for laboratory work, preparing reports and defending laboratory work includes the development and analysis of theoretical material, a description of the experimental work done with the application of graphs, tables, calculations, as well as self-control of knowledge on the topic of laboratory work using the following control questions and tasks .

Topic name Control questions and tasks

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When doing work, use , , .

WORKS Execution term papers as part of the study of the discipline "Diagnosing AT"

pursues the goal of teaching the student how to work with educational, special literature on cars, the skills of research work.

Coursework must include:

means of diagnosing a unit, unit or system; main malfunctions of a unit, unit or system; method of diagnosing with the help of diagnostic tools; determination of the total annual costs for post-diagnostics; calculation of annual savings when introducing a diagnostic post and its payback period; conclusion;

bibliography.

The volume of the explanatory note is 20-25 sheets. Registration must comply with GOST 7.32-91 "Structure and rules for registration", set out in the guidelines "Basic requirements for the design of the text of an explanatory note when completing a graduation project", St. Petersburg, 2000.

–  –  –

WORKS Performing tests within the framework of studying the discipline "Diagnosing AT" pursues the goal of teaching the student how to work with educational, special literature on cars, the skills of research work.

The work program of the discipline indicates the main and additional literature.

However, when doing a term paper, the student should not be limited to this list of references, but independently find special literature on the issue he discloses in the term paper.

The task is given individually to each student.

Control work should include: content; introduction, main part;

conclusion; bibliography.

The volume of the explanatory note is 10–15 sheets. Registration must comply with GOST 7.32-91 "Structure and rules for registration", set out in the guidelines "Basic requirements for the design of the text of an explanatory note when completing a graduation project", St. Petersburg, 2000.

Introduction, conclusion, list of references, chapters are printed from a new page in capital letters and highlighted in bold. Graphs, tables are executed manually or with the help of special computer programs. The pages are held together with a hard cover of special folders for term papers. In some cases, with the permission of the head, the work can be done in handwriting in legible handwriting in black or blue ink in compliance with the specified requirements.

The control work is issued by the teacher to each student individually.

Topics of examinations:

1. Processing of information about reliability

2. Diagnostic methods

3. Means of technical diagnostics

4. Types of control and diagnostic operations

5. Technical diagnostics. General provisions

6. Diagnosis at TO-1

7. Diagnosis at TO-2

8. Engine diagnostics. General state.

9. Diagnosis of KShM and timing.

10. Engine diagnostics. Lubrication system.

11. Engine diagnostics. Cooling system

12. Engine diagnostics. Ignition system.

13. Diagnosis of the diesel engine power system.

14. Diagnosis of the power supply system of the injection engine.

15. Transmission diagnostics. Clutch.

16. Transmission diagnostics. Gearbox, cardan gear, rear axle.

17. Steering diagnostics.

18. Diagnosis of the working brake system.

19. Diagnosis of springs, shock absorbers and tires.

20. Sensors used in diagnosis. Classification.

21. Operational and technical requirements for sensors.

22. Diagnosis of the power supply system of the engine with distributed injection.

4. STUDENT KNOWLEDGE CONTROL

4.1. FRONTIER CONTROL The current progress of students is controlled by the execution, execution and protection of reports on laboratory work, intermediate certification in the form of testing. Intermediate certification tests include: theoretical material covered in lectures, practical material for laboratory work.

Tests on the subject "AT Diagnosis"

Test tasks in the discipline are performed by full-time students at the intermediate certification, students absentee form learning - in the form of homework.

–  –  –

1. Technical diagnostics is:

1) a field of science that studies and establishes signs of malfunctions of machines and their mechanisms, develops methods and means by which a conclusion is given (diagnosis is made) about the nature and essence of malfunctions;

2) the field of science that eliminates malfunctions of machines and their mechanisms, develops methods and means by which a conclusion is given (diagnosis is made) about the nature and essence of malfunctions;

3) a field of science that develops methods and means by which a conclusion is given (diagnosis is made) about the nature and essence of malfunctions;

4) the process of determining the technical condition by in-place, objective and subjective methods;

5) the process of determining the technical condition of the car with the help of instrumentation, special equipment and instruments.

2. The subjective search for failures includes:

1) Human activity and a functioning diagnostic system that allows obtaining fixed numerical values ​​of the estimated parameters;

2) The process of diagnosing, carried out with the help of instrumentation, equipment and tools;

3) Determining the state of the car and its elements by setting the number of checks, the order of which is arbitrary;

4) Identification of vehicles (among those in use), the technical condition of which does not meet the requirements for traffic safety, using instrumentation, equipment and tools;

5) determination of diagnostic parameters that can be assessed with the help of the sense organs of a mechanic-diagnostician or with the use of individual simple means to amplify the signal if experience and knowledge are available.

3. Linear diagnostics of cars:

4) Responsible for the driver, who uses both an objective assessment, using instruments on the dashboard, and a subjective one, through his senses (vision, hearing, smell, touch);

5) It is carried out using various diagnostic tools, before the TO-1, with inclusion in the general diagnostic complex at the ATP.

4. Measurement of losses to overcome friction forces in the mechanisms of the car allows you to:

1) Determine the technical condition of the units and mechanisms of the running gear as a whole;

2) Determine the working state of the clutch mechanism;

3) To identify violations of the adjustments of various mechanisms and the strength of threaded connections;

4) Diagnose all movable mates that create impact loads;

5) Determine the working condition of the brake mechanisms.

5. Exclude the process that is not included in the parameters of complex diagnostics (stage 1):

1) Engine power;

2) Fuel consumption;

3) Efficiency for transmission units and running gear;

4) Braking properties and noise level in mechanisms;

5) Inspection of the technical condition of the mechanisms and identification of the causes of the malfunction.

6. Means of technical diagnostics are:

1) Technical devices, designed to measure the current values ​​of diagnostic parameters;

2) Technical devices designed to measure complex values ​​of diagnostic parameters;

3) Technical devices designed for element-by-element diagnostics;

4) Technical devices designed for general diagnostics;

5) Technical devices designed to determine the technical condition of the car.

7. Generator sensors are:

8. Electrokinetic sensors are:

2) Sensors that use the phenomenon of the electrokinetic potential that occurs when a polar liquid is forced to flow through a porous wall;

4) Sensors that use the dependence of the concentration of aqueous solutions on the concentration of hydrogen ions in the solution;

9. Exclude the process that is not included in the newly developed or in operation technical diagnostic tools:

1) Obtaining maximum information about the technical condition of the unit with a minimum number of controlled parameters through the use of dynamic diagnostic methods;

2) Ensuring high reliability of diagnosis with optimal accuracy of measuring the parameters of the technical condition;

3) Minimum labor intensity of the main and auxiliary diagnostic operations;

4) Embedded in the object of technical diagnostics;

5) Versatility (suitability for various brands of engine), simplicity and ease of use, high reliability.

1) Absolute pressure sensor;

2) Sensor-measuring the amount of air passing into the combustion chamber;

3) Sensor for monitoring the oxygen content in the exhaust gases;

4) Fuel cell;

5) Fuel accumulator.

1) The frequency of TO-1 and TO-2 is established according to the data of actual changes in the parameters of the technical condition of vehicle elements, taking into account the mileage at the diagnostic posts;

4) Determine the total cost of diagnostic tools.

1) Linearity of the characteristic;

2) Sensitivity factor;

3) Uniformity of the perceived parameter;

4) Reliability;

5) Stability.

1) Water in fuel;

2) Empty fuel tank;

3) Faulty anti-theft system;

4) Damage to the ignition lock;

5) Moisture, water on the distributor cap, high-voltage wires and their tips.

14. Electric gas analyzers work on the principle:

15. Sharp dull knocks in the engine, clearly audible when the clutch pedal is released, in the crank mechanism, is a consequence of:

1) Wear of main bearings;

2) Wear of connecting rod bearings;

3) Wear of piston rings;

4) Wear of piston skirts;

5) Cracks or burnout of pistons.

Option 2

1. Diagnosis is:

1) section of science for the operation of road transport:

2) the process of determining a rational sequence for checking mechanisms and, based on studying the dynamics of changes in the parameters of the technical condition of the units and components of the car, forecasting;

3) the process of determining the technical condition by in-place methods;

4) checking the technical condition of the vehicle elements using a certain sequence, using special equipment;

5) checking the technical condition of the elements of the car, ensuring traffic safety, using special equipment and having a certain sequence of operations.

Diagnostics of the technical condition of vehicle elements at ATP 2.

Predict vehicle reliability;

1) To identify (clarify), before maintenance and repair, a malfunction or reasons for failure;

2) Predict the reliability of vehicle components and assemblies;

3) Specify the scope of work before MOT and TR;

4) Identify, with the help of instrumentation, the sequence of maintenance 5) and TR.

3. The first group of methods for diagnosing a car includes:

2) Methods for assessing the geometric parameters of the car;

3) Methods for assessing the parameters of related processes;

4) Methods that evaluate the intensity of heat release;

Determining the thermal state of mechanisms and systems allows:

2) Determine the technical condition of the CPG parts;

3) Determine the technical condition of clutch and brake actuators;

4) Diagnose all movable interfaces that create a thermal load;

5) Detect violations of the adjustments of various mechanisms and the strength of threaded connections

5. During running complex diagnostics, the parameters of transmission mechanical losses include:

1) Run-out time;

2) Path of acceleration;

3) Maximum acceleration;

4) Acceleration time;

5) Operating cost.

External means of technical diagnostics include:

Indicators limit state;

1) Means for assessing and storing state parameters;

2) Information and advising systems;

3) Means for assessing state parameters in dynamics;

4) Portable devices.

7. Parametric sensors are:

1) Sensors in which the measured parameter is converted directly into an electrical signal;

2) Sensors in which the measured value is converted into an electrical circuit parameter - resistance, capacitance, inductance, and the sensor is powered by an external energy source;

3) Sensors in which the measured value is converted into an electrical circuit parameter - resistance, capacitance, inductance, and the sensor is self-powered;

4) Sensors in which the energy carrier of information is liquid;

5) Sensors in which the energy carrier of information is air.

8. Potentiometric sensors are designed to measure:

2) Small movements;

9. Eliminate the requirements that are not imposed on the sensors of technical diagnostics:

1) Due to operating conditions;

2) Caused by the cost of sensors;

3) The type of changes in the input (controlled) value;

4) The nature of changes in the input (controlled) value;

5) Design features.

–  –  –

11. On the basis of diagnostic control information in production conditions, the following tasks are solved:

1) The required volume (labor intensity and list) of maintenance and repair work is determined, the diagnostician identifies the actual need for vehicle elements in technical impacts;

2) Determine the current situation at the ATP with diagnostic support;

3) Establish the composition of diagnostic tools depending on the tasks set and the capacity of the enterprise;

–  –  –

13. The problem when starting a serviceable engine for non-technical reasons is:

1) Spark plugs filled with fuel;

2) Empty fuel tank;

3) Condensation on spark plugs after a long period of inactivity of the car;

5) Faulty anti-theft system.

14. Electrochemical gas analyzers work on the principle:

1) Afterburning of exhaust gases on a preheated el. platinum filament current;

2) Measurements of the degree of absorption of infrared (thermal) radiation by individual components of the exhaust gases;

3) Measurements of the degree of absorption of ultraviolet (thermal) radiation by individual components of the exhaust gases;

4) Optical-physical interaction of opaque particles of exhaust gases with optical radiation and measurement of the absorption value.

–  –  –

Option 3

1. Exclude the process that is not included in the objective search for failures and malfunctions when diagnosing:

1) the object of diagnosis;

2) human activity:

3) car activity;

4) diagnostic system;

5) the process of the system functioning.

2. Diagnosis of cars at the first maintenance TO-1 (general diagnosis D-1):

1) It is carried out on the nodes and mechanisms that ensure the safety of the movement of the car, using control and measuring equipment operating on the principle: serviceable, defective;

2) It is carried out on the nodes and mechanisms of the car, using instrumentation operating on the principle: serviceable, faulty, and highlighting an intermediate class of parameter values ​​in order to predict failures by periodically fixing the current parameter values;

3) It is carried out on nodes and mechanisms, using control and measuring equipment, where wear, vibration, noise, knocks, violations of adjustments are possible;

3. The third group of methods for diagnosing a car includes:

1) Methods for evaluating the output parameters of operational properties;

2) Methods based on an objective assessment of geometric parameters in statics;

3) Methods that evaluate pressure pulsation in pipelines and channels;

4) Methods based on simulating the speed and load modes of the car;

5) Methods that evaluate the parameters of vibroacoustic signals.

4. Checking the state of mates and installation dimensions allows you to:

1) Determine the working condition of cooling and lubrication systems;

2) Determine the technical condition of the units and mechanisms of the running gear as a whole;

3) Determine the technical condition of wheel bearings;

4) Determine violations of the tightness of the CPG and timing;

5) To identify violations of the adjustments of various mechanisms and the strength of threaded connections.

5. In running complex diagnostics, the acceleration intensity parameters include:

1) Maximum deceleration;

2) Maximum acceleration;

3) Run-out time;

4) Run-out path;

5) Consumption during acceleration.

The built-in technical diagnostic tools include:

Stationary stands;

1) Limit state indicators;

2) Means for assessing and storing state parameters;

3) Information and advising systems;

4) Portable devices.

7. Electric potential sensors are:

1) Sensors that use the dependence of the EMF of elements on the composition and concentration of solutions el. litas;

3) Sensors that use the change in the resistance of the electrically conductive capacitance during the mutual movement of the electrodes;

5) Sensors switching el. circuit under the action of the measured parameter.

8. Strain gauge sensors are designed to measure:

1) Temperatures of liquid media and surfaces of body parts;

2) Small movements;

3) Phase parameters of engine operation and rotational speed;

4) Pressures, forces, torques, relative displacements;

5) Absolute pressures, relative pressures, pressure drops, linear and angular velocities.

9. Sensor sensitivity threshold is:

10. Eliminate an element that is not included in the power supply and ignition system of the injection engine:

1) Starting nozzle;

2) Nozzle with electromagnetic control;

3) Nozzle with electromechanical control;

4) Fuel distributor;

5) Fuel pressure regulator.

11. On the basis of diagnostic control information in production conditions, the following tasks are solved:

1) The necessary stock of vehicle elements is established in the intermediate and central warehouses according to the actual technical condition of the rolling stock of this enterprise;

2) Establish the composition of diagnostic tools depending on the tasks set and the capacity of the enterprise;

4) Set the proportion of objective diagnosis in the array of parameters of objective and subjective diagnosis.

–  –  –

13. The problem when starting a serviceable engine for non-technical reasons is:

1) Water in fuel;

2) Moisture, water on the cover of the distributor, high-voltage wires and their tips;

3) Damage to the ignition lock;

4) Poor contact of the ground wire;

14. Smoke meters work on the principle:

1) Afterburning of exhaust gases on a preheated el. platinum filament current;

2) Measurements of the degree of absorption of infrared (thermal) radiation by individual components of the exhaust gases;

3) Measurements of the degree of absorption of ultraviolet (thermal) radiation by individual components of the exhaust gases;

4) Optical-physical interaction of opaque particles of exhaust gases with optical radiation and measurement of the absorption value.

15. Eliminate the part that is not diagnosed in the diesel engine power system:

1) Engine speed controller;

4) Nozzles.

Option 4

1. Select the process included in the subjective search for failures and malfunctions when diagnosing:

1) identification of the reason for the refusal;

2) car activity;

3) the process of the system functioning;

4) diagnostic system;

5) the activity of the car-man system.

2. Element-by-element diagnostics of cars (D-2):

1) It is carried out on the nodes and mechanisms that ensure the safety of the movement of the car, using control and measuring equipment operating on the principle: serviceable, defective;

2) It is carried out on the nodes and mechanisms of the car, using instrumentation operating on the principle: serviceable, faulty, and highlighting an intermediate class of parameter values ​​in order to predict failures by periodically fixing the current parameter values;

3) It is carried out on nodes and mechanisms, using control and measuring equipment, where wear, vibration, noise, knocks, violations of adjustments are possible;

4) It is equated to linear diagnostics and is assigned to the driver, who uses both an objective assessment, using the instruments on the dashboard, and a subjective one, through his senses (sight, hearing, smell, touch);

5) It is equated to the integral diagnostics, which is carried out using various diagnostic tools, before the TO-1, with inclusion in the general diagnostic complex at the ATP.

The second group of methods for diagnosing a car includes:

1) Methods that evaluate the parameters of vibroacoustic signals;

2) Methods for assessing the parameters of related processes;

3) Methods based on an objective assessment of geometric parameters in statics;

4) Methods for assessing the tightness of working volumes, the degree of wear of the CPG, the operability of the pneumatic brake drive and the tightness of the valves;

5) Methods for assessing the impact on environment, toxicity of exhaust gases, smoke and noise.

4. Checking the tightness of systems and interfaces allows you to:

1) Determine the working state of the clutch mechanism;

2) Diagnose all movable interfaces that create shock loads, gear and spline connections, bearings;

3) Determine the technical condition of the CPG and timing parts;

4) Determine the presence and quality of lubricant in the gearbox housing, final drive and final drives;

5) Measure the leakage of gases and liquids.

5. With stationary complex diagnostics, the parameters of transmission mechanical losses include:

2) Acceleration time;

3) Path of acceleration;

4) Maximum deceleration;

5) Maximum acceleration.

–  –  –

7. Galvanic sensors are:

1) Sensors that use the dependence of the EMF of elements on the composition and concentration of solutions el. litas;

2) Sensors that use the dependence of the concentration of aqueous solutions on the concentration of hydrogen ions in the solution;

3) Sensors that use the change in the resistance of the electrically conductive capacitance during the mutual movement of the electrodes;

4) Sensors that use the phenomenon of the electrokinetic potential that occurs when a polar liquid is forced to flow through a porous wall;

5) Sensors switching el. circuit under the action of the measured parameter.

–  –  –

9. The stability of the output characteristic is:

1) the minimum change in the controlled value, causing a change in the output signal;

2) the maximum change in the controlled value that does not cause a change in the output signal;

3) the ratio of the change in the output signal to the change in the controlled value (input signal) that causes it;

4) the quality of the transducer, reflecting the invariability of its metrological properties over time;

5) the average difference between the values ​​of the output signal corresponding to a given point of the measurement range for two directions of slow, multiple changes in the informative parameter of the input signal in the process of approaching a given point of the measurement range.

10. Eliminate an element that is not included in the power supply and ignition system of the injection engine:

1) Air valve;

2) Fuel valve;

3) Fuel pressure regulator;

4) Fuel pressure stabilizer;

5) Fuel accumulator.

11. On the basis of diagnostic control information in production conditions, the following tasks are solved:

1) The resource of cars is determined, which is based on the availability of data at the diagnostic posts and actual information on the parameters of car states and failures;

2) Determine the current situation at the ATP with diagnostic support;

3) Determine the total cost of diagnostic tools;

4) Set the proportion of objective diagnosis in the array of parameters of objective and subjective diagnosis.

12. Exclude the item that is not included in the concept of "Basic characteristics of sensors":

1) Stability;

2) Uniformity of the perceived parameter;

3) Sensitivity coefficient;

4) Geometric dimensions;

5) Linearity of the characteristic.

13. The problem when starting a serviceable engine for non-technical reasons is:

1) Water in fuel;

2) Empty fuel tank;

3) Battery damage;

4) Condensation on spark plugs after a long period of inactivity of the car;

5) Spark plugs filled with fuel.

14. Electrochemical gas analyzer measures:

1) NOX only;

2) NOX, CH, CO, O2;

3) only CO;

5) CH only.

15. Uneven "hard" operation of the diesel engine, the release of black smoke is a consequence of:

1) Clogged filters;

2) Clogged nozzles;

3) Violation of the tightness of the fuel system;

4) Violation of the ignition timing;

5) Injector failure.

–  –  –

2. When carrying out TO-2 and TR technical diagnostics:

1) It is carried out on the nodes and mechanisms that ensure the safety of the movement of the car, using control and measuring equipment operating on the principle: serviceable, defective;

2) It is carried out on the nodes and mechanisms of the car, using instrumentation operating on the principle: serviceable, faulty, and highlighting an intermediate class of parameter values ​​in order to predict failures by periodically fixing the current parameter values;

3) It is carried out on nodes and mechanisms, using control and measuring equipment, where wear, vibration, noise, knocks, violations of adjustments are possible;

4) It is equated to linear diagnostics and is assigned to the driver, who uses both an objective assessment, using the instruments on the dashboard, and a subjective one, through his senses (sight, hearing, smell, touch);

5) It is equated to the integral diagnostics, which is carried out using various diagnostic tools, before the TO-1, with inclusion in the general diagnostic complex at the ATP.

3. Exclude a process that is not included in the three main methods of technical diagnostics of a car:

1) diagnostics according to the parameters of working processes (engine power, fuel consumption, braking distance, etc.);

2) diagnostics based on geometrical parameters (clearance, backlash, free wheeling, steering wheel alignment angles);

3) diagnostics according to the parameters of accompanying processes, which indirectly characterize the technical condition of the vehicle mechanisms;

4) diagnostics by auxiliary parameters that indirectly characterize the technical condition of individual vehicle components;

4. Noise and vibration analysis allows you to determine:

1) Clogged filter and tightness of the intake tract;

2) The condition of the timing valves and the operation of the ignition systems;

3) Diagnose all movable interfaces that create shock loads, gear and spline connections, bearings;

4) Condition of transmission units and running gear;

5) Correct adjustment of the brakes.

5. With stationary complex diagnostics, the overclocking intensity parameters include:

1) Maximum traction force on the driving wheels;

2) Traction characteristic;

3) Maximum acceleration;

4) Run-out path;

5) Maximum deceleration.

6. The means of technical diagnostics installed on the car include:

1) Portable devices used both in combination with stationary stands, and separately, for localization and clarification of faults on special equipment. plots;

2) Sensors and microprocessors included in the design of the car;

3) Devices for measuring the technical condition included in the design of the car;

4) Devices made in the form of a block based on electronic elements that are installed on the car before leaving the line or from the service station after maintenance and repair, or at the end of the shift;

5) Devices that display diagnostic information that provides control over the state of vehicle elements.

7. Electrolytic sensors are:

1) Sensors that use the dependence of the EMF of elements on the composition and concentration of solutions el. litas;

2) Sensors that use the dependence of the concentration of aqueous solutions on the concentration of hydrogen ions in the solution;

3) Sensors that use the change in the resistance of the electrically conductive capacitance during the mutual movement of the electrodes;

4) Sensors that use the phenomenon of the electrokinetic potential that occurs when a polar liquid is forced to flow through a porous wall;

5) Sensors switching el. circuit under the action of the measured parameter.

8. Mechatronic sensors are designed to measure:

1) Temperatures of liquid media and surfaces of body parts;

2) Small movements;

3) Phase parameters of engine operation and rotational speed;

4) Pressures, forces, torques, relative displacements;

5) Absolute pressures, relative pressures, pressure drops, linear and angular velocities.

9. The overload capacity of the sensor is:

1) the ratio of the maximum permissible value of the controlled parameter to its nominal value;

2) the minimum change in the controlled value, causing a change in the output signal;

3) the quality of the transducer, reflecting the invariability of its metrological properties over time;

4) the average difference between the values ​​of the output signal corresponding to a given point in the measurement range for two directions of slow, multiple changes in the informative parameter of the input signal in the process of approaching a given point in the measurement range;

5) the possession of increased mechanical strength, when exposed to dynamic loads.

10. Eliminate an element that is not included in the power supply and ignition system of the injection engine:

1) Sensor-switch of the starting injector;

2) Coolant temperature sensor;

3) Air temperature sensor;

4) Fuel temperature sensor;

5) Sensor-switch of the nozzle with electromagnetic control.

11. On the basis of diagnostic control information in production conditions, the following tasks are solved:

1) The fuel consumption of a car is measured, depending on its technical condition, with diagnostic and subsequent adjustment and restoration work carried out on the elements of the car, the technical condition of which affects fuel consumption;

2) Set the share of objective diagnostics in the array of parameters of objective and subjective diagnostics

3) Determine the total cost of diagnostic tools;

4) Determine the current situation at the ATP with diagnostic support.

12. Exclude the item that is not included in the concept of "Basic characteristics of sensors":

1) Linearity of the characteristic;

2) simplicity of design;

3) Interchangeability;

4) Reliability;

5) Sensitivity coefficient.

13. The problem when starting a serviceable engine for non-technical reasons is:

1) Battery damage;

2) Clogged exhaust pipe (snow, dirt);

3) Poor contact of the ground wire;

4) Faulty anti-theft system;

5) Damage to the ignition lock.

14. The value of CH in the exhaust gases determines:

1) The efficiency of the fuel system;

2) The efficiency of filling the cylinders with a fuel-air mixture;

3) Stoichiometric composition of the mixture;

4) The presence of "suction" of air;

5) Efficiency of fuel combustion in cylinders.

15. The reason for the "slip" of the clutch is:

1) Lack of free play of the pedal and / or drive;

2) Breakage of damper springs;

3) Wear of the release bearing;

4) large free play of the pedal and / or drive;

5) The presence of a defect in the drive.

–  –  –

Entry requirements:

1. Performance and protection of laboratory work.

2. Positive assessment for intermediate testing

3. Completion of the final test test work Questions for the test

1. Technical diagnostics. Definitions.

2. Structural parameters. Input and output parameters.

3. Subjective and objective search for failures.

4. Functional diagram of the diagnostic system.

5. Tasks solved by ATP based on diagnostic information.

6. Levels of car diagnostics at ATP. Scheme.

7. Diagnosis of the technical condition at the ATP. Structural scheme.

8. Diagnosis at TO-1.

9. Diagnosis at TO-2 and TR.

10. Schemes of production processes of ATP with the use of diagnostics.

Appointment of OTK.

11. Methods for diagnosing a / m. First group.

12. Methods for diagnosing a / m. Second group.

13. Methods for diagnosing a / m. Third group.

14. Diagnostic parameters, methods and measuring instruments

15. Measurement of losses to overcome friction forces in mechanisms

16. Checking the tightness of systems and interfaces

17. Noise and vibration analysis

18. Gas leakage measurement method

19. Types of diagnostics according to their technological affiliation. Stationary diagnostics.

20. Means of technical diagnostics. External STDs

21. Means of technical diagnostics. Built-in STD

22. Means of technical diagnostics. Installed STDs

23. Sensors with electrical output signal. Classification.

24. Potentiometric sensors.

25. Strain gauge sensors.

26. Electromagnetic sensors.

27. Piezoelectric sensors.

28. Thermoelectric sensors.

29. Mechatronic sensors.

30. General technical requirements for sensors.

31. Accounting for the features of the object of diagnosis.

32. Accounting for the characteristics of the environment.

33. Requirements for sensors in a static process.

34. Requirements for sensors in a dynamic process.

35. Requirements for sensors due to design features.

36. Diagnostic models. Classification.

37. Methods of analysis of diagnostic models.

38. Scheme of a complex object of diagnosis. Characteristic.

39. Algorithms and diagnostic programs.

40. Reliability of diagnostic information.

41. Accuracy and reliability of diagnosing car elements. indirect method.

42. Accuracy and reliability of diagnosing car elements. direct method.

43. General principles when diagnosing.

44. Problems when starting a serviceable engine. Not technical reasons.

45. Problems when starting a serviceable engine. Causes in the electrical system of starting the engine.

46. ​​Problems when starting a serviceable engine. Causes in the fuel system.

47. Diagnosis of the crank and gas distribution mechanism. Devices for diagnosing.

48. Influence of CO and CH content in exhaust gases on the operation of ignition and engine power systems.

49. Smoke meters. Test procedure

50. Diagnosis of the diesel engine power system.

51. Diagnosing the power supply system of the injection engine. information sensors.

52. Diagnosing the power supply system of the injection engine. executive devices.

53. Reading ECU trouble codes without using diagnostic equipment.

54. Clearing the ECU memory without using diagnostic equipment.

55. Diagnosis of the lubrication and cooling system.

56. Diagnosis of electrical equipment.

57. Diagnosis of clutch, gearbox, cardan and final drive.

58. Diagnosing an automatic transmission.

59. Diagnosis of wheels and tires.

60. Suspension diagnostics.

61. Diagnosis of steering controls.

62. Diagnosis of brake systems.

REFERENCES

1. Diagnosis of road transport [Text]: method. allowance for diss.

road transport”, operation “Diagnosing “Technical vehicles” for stud. specialist. 190603 "Service of transport and technological machines", 190601 "Automobiles and automotive industry" of all forms of training. / comp. R. V. Abaimov, P. A. Malashchuk; SLI. - Syktyvkar, 2007. - 72 p.

2. Arinin, I. N. Diagnostics of the technical condition of cars [Text] / I. N.

Arinin. - M. : Transport, 1978. - 254 p.

3. Avdonkin, F. I. Theoretical foundations of the technical operation of cars [Text] F. I. Avdonkin. - M. : Transport, 1985. - 178 p.

4. Borts, A.D. Diagnostics of the technical condition of the car [Text] / A.D. Borts. – M.:

Transport, 1979. - 159 p.

5. Kuznetsov, E. S. Management of the technical operation of vehicles [Text] / E. S.

Kuznetsov. - M. : Transport, 1992. - 352 p.

6. Technical operation of cars [Text]: textbook. for universities / ed. G. V.

Kramarenko. - M. : Transport, 1983. - 488 p.

7. Regulations on the maintenance and repair of rolling stock of road transport [Text] / Minavtotrans RSFSR. - M. : Transport, 1986. - 72 p.

–  –  –

INDEPENDENT WORK OF STUDENTS

Guidelines for the preparation of a certified specialist in the direction 653300 "Operation of transport and transport equipment", specialty 190603 "Service of transport and technological machines and equipment", qualification - engineer, full-time and part-time education _________________________________________________________________________________

Syktyvkar Forest Institute - a branch of the state educational institution of higher professional education "St. Petersburg State Forest Engineering Academy named after S. M. Kirov" (SLI) 167982, Syktyvkar, st. Lenina, 39 [email protected] www.sli.komi.com

Pandemic Influenza Preparedness: Sharing Influenza Viruses...” in creative, social, scientific, technical and research activities, winner...”

"DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug Education in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug: state and development trends (public report) Salekhard 2015 .........»

"(Candidate of Economic Sciences V.G. Golik, Candidate of Technical Sciences M.S. Kupriyanov; G.P. Chirchinskaya) with the participation of Mosgazniiproekt of the Moscow City Executive Committee, UkrNIIinzhproekt of the Ministry of Housing and Communal Services of the Ukrainian SSR, Academy of... "

"I. EXPLANATORY NOTE Regulatory documents: The work program on the World Art Culture for students of the 8th grade was developed on the basis of: The Law "On Education in ..." Architectural and Construction University ..."

Federal Agency for Education

Syktyvkar Forest Institute - branch of the state educational

institutions of higher professional education "Saint-Petersburg

S. M. Kirov State Forest Engineering Academy

Department of Automobiles and Automobile Economy

DIAGNOSTICS

ROAD TRANSPORT

Guidelines for the preparation of a certified specialist in the direction 653300 "Operation of transport and transport equipment", specialty 190603 "Service of transport and technological machines and equipment", qualification - engineer, full-time and part-time forms of education Special discipline D / o C / o Course 4 Semester 8 - Total hours 136 Of which classroom 68 Including lectures 34 Practical exercises 16 Laboratory work 18 Independent work 68 Credit (semester) 8 - Examination 5 course - Course work 5 course Syktyvkar UDC 629.3.083. BBK 30. D The program for independent work of students is compiled in accordance with the State educational standard of higher professional education in the direction 653300 "Operation of transport and transport equipment", specialty 190603 "Service of transport and technological machines and equipment".

Discussed at a meeting of the Department of Automobiles and Automobile Economy on September 4, 2007, protocol No. 1.

Reviewed and approved by the Methodological Commission of the Faculty of Forestry on September 11, 2007, Protocol No. 1.

Compiled by: Art. teacher R. V. Abaimov Diagnosis of road transport:

D44 independent work of students: guidelines for the preparation of a graduate in the direction of transport and transport 653300 "Operation of equipment", specialty 190603 "Service of transport and technological machines and equipment", qualification - engineer, full-time and part-time education / comp. R. V. Abaimov;

Sykt. forestry in-t. - Syktyvkar: SLI, 2007. - 32 p.

UDC 629.3.083. LBC 30. Provides information about the discipline, its goals, objectives, place in the educational process. Recommendations on independent preparation of students and control of their knowledge are placed. A list of recommended literature is given.

For students of the specified direction and specialty.

© R. V. Abaimov, compilation, © SLI,

Aims and objectives of the discipline, its place in the educational process 1. 1.1. The purpose of teaching discipline 1.2. Tasks of studying the discipline 1.3. The list of disciplines and topics, the assimilation of which by students is necessary for the study of this discipline 1.4. Addition to the norms of the State educational standard of higher professional education in the discipline "Diagnosis of road transport"

The content of the discipline 2.1. Independent work and control of progress in the forms of education 2.2. Distribution of hours by topics and types of classes and forms of education Recommendations for self-training of students 3.1. Guidelines for self-preparation of theoretical material 3.2. Guidelines for self-preparation for practical training 3.3. Guidelines for self-preparation for laboratory 3.4. Guidelines for the implementation of the course work 3.5. Guidelines for the implementation of the control work Control of students' knowledge 1. Goals and objectives of the discipline, its place in the educational process methods and means by which a conclusion is given (diagnosed) about the nature and essence of malfunctions.

"Diagnosis of road transport" is one of the main majors, having studied which, the student must have the knowledge that allows him to continue his studies and qualify as an engineer.

The discipline "Diagnosis of road transport" is the basis for the formation of students' system of scientific and professional knowledge and skills in the field of creation, maintenance and use of road transport - teaching students methods and techniques for the purposeful use of knowledge gained in the study of fundamental and special courses to solve problems of improving work efficiency road transport. The course is one of the special disciplines.

As a result of studying the course "Diagnosis of road transport"

the student must be aware of:

About the technical condition of any machines or mechanisms during their operation;

About the systematization of malfunctions of units and assemblies and the signs of these malfunctions.

On the predictive resources of the uptime of a car On the determination of the technical condition by in-place methods to know and be able to use:

Instrumentation and special equipment;

The condition of the elements of the car by a certain sequence in the performance of checks.

Distinguish between subjective and objective search for failures and malfunctions Search for failures and sequence of checks;

Technological recommendations for organizing diagnostics at a motor transport enterprise Element-by-element diagnostics during maintenance and repair Methods for predicting the probability of non-failure operation of a vehicle 1.3. The list of disciplines and topics, the assimilation of which by students is necessary for studying For the full assimilation of the educational material in the discipline "Diagnosis of road transport", it is necessary to have a solid knowledge of the disciplines "Fundamentals of the theory of reliability and diagnostics". "Technical operation of the car."

Supplement to the State Educational Standard of Higher Education 1.4.

professional education in the discipline "Diagnosis of road transport"

The technical condition of any machines or mechanisms during their operation, malfunctions of their units and assemblies and signs of these malfunctions, methods and equipment for their detection. The concept of failure. Diagnostic parameters, major and minor. In-depth element diagnostics. Diagnostic system and diagnostic equipment complex, feedback control system. Structure of divisions of technical diagnostics on ATP. Methods of car diagnostics.

2.1. Independent work and control of progress by forms of education 2.1.1. For full-time education Type of independent work Number of hours Type of control according to the abstract and educational literature FD - Frontal survey KO - Control survey FLR - Registration of control works KR - homework check The final progress of students is determined by the test 2.1.2. For distance learning according to abstracts and textbooks 4. Studying topics not covered in lectures FD - Frontal survey KO - Control survey FLR - Design of test papers KR - term paper The final progress of students is determined by the test forms of education 2.2.1. For full-time training of the position of technical diagnostics, recommendations for organizing diagnostics at the ATP for diagnosing cars, the principle of operation and the structure of sensors with an electrical output signal for the operation of the main types of sensors, technical requirements for sensors due to the type of controlled parameter, due to design features, providing a control system for TEA of complex systems Coursework 2.2. 2. For distance learning, the provisions of technical diagnostics, recommendations for organizing diagnostics at the ATP, diagnosing vehicles, the principle of operation and the structure of sensors with an electrical output signal for the operation of the main types of sensors, the technical requirements for sensors due to the type of controlled parameter, due to design features, providing a TEA control system for complex systems, term paper

PREPARATION OF THEORETICAL MATERIAL

Independent work of students on the study of individual topics of the discipline includes the search for teaching aids on this material, the study and analysis of theoretical material, self-control of knowledge on this topic using the following control questions and tasks.

Basic provisions 1. What is technical diagnostics?

technical 2. Explain the concepts of "Diagnosis", "Parameter Technological 1. What should be performed at the enterprise technical recommendation diagnosis?

organizations 2. Explain the concept of diagnosing in TO-1.

3. Explain the concept of diagnosis in TO-2.

Methods 1. Name the main diagnostic methods.

diagnostics 2. What diagnostic methods belong to the first group Purpose, principle 1. What is a sensor?

action and structure 2. What are the sensors?

sensors with 3. What are generator sensors? Kinds.

electrical 4. What are parametric sensors? Kinds.

output signal 5. What are the main characteristics of the sensors?

Physical basis 1. Types, device and principle of operation of potentiometric operation of the main types of sensors? Advantages and disadvantages.

sensors 2. Types, device and principle of operation of strain gauges Operational 1. Name the structural and diagnostic parameters, technical requirements, technical condition of the sensors.

2. What factors affect the sensor from the side of the object? Requirements, 1. What are the requirements for sensors in the case of the type and static process?

controlled dynamic process?

Requirements, 1. What are the requirements for sensors?

due to design features Diagnostic 1. What elements does the functional diagram of the diagnostic system support consist of? Describe them.

management of TEA 2. What tasks are solved on the basis of diagnostic Diagnosis 1. What is meant by a complex system?

complex systems 2. What are the diagnostic models? Describe them.

PREPARATION FOR PRACTICAL EXERCISES

Independent work of students on the study of individual topics of the discipline includes the search for teaching aids on this material, the study and analysis of theoretical material, self-control of knowledge on this topic by solving problems or calculations.

Engine diagnostics. 1. What elements and systems does the engine consist of?

System diagnostics 1. What elements and systems does the system consist of? Transmission diagnostics 1. What elements does the transmission consist of?

Calculation of the implementation efficiency 1. Calculate the effectiveness of the implementation of the diagnostics diagnostics post, if the capital costs are:

car. 2. How do control and measurement devices diagnose When performing work, use , , .

PREPARATION FOR LABORATORY WORKS

According to the curriculum of the specialty, 16 hours for full-time education and 4 hours for part-time education are allotted for laboratory work.

Independent work of students in preparing for laboratory work, preparing reports and defending laboratory work includes the development and analysis of theoretical material, a description of the experimental work done with the application of graphs, tables, calculations, as well as self-control of knowledge on the topic of laboratory work using the following control questions and tasks .

Diagnosing the brake 1. What are the requirements for the brake equipment of the car. cars.

Brake efficiency 2. Describe the working, spare, parking Steering Diagnosis What are the requirements for steering, wheels, tires and steering?

Diagnostics of the technical 1. What elements does the state of the external light headlight consist of?

internal combustion electrochemical gas analyzer.

car. Definition 2. What components does an electrochemical toxic substance measure in a gas analyzer?

exhaust gases. 3. The device and principle of operation of the electrical Diagnosis of the transmission 1. What elements does the transmission consist of?

car. 2. What is used to diagnose the control and measuring cylinder-piston group 2. What elements does the timing consist of?

When doing work, use , , .

Execution of term papers within the framework of the study of the discipline "Diagnosing AT"

pursues the goal of teaching the student how to work with educational, special literature on cars, the skills of research work.

Coursework must include:

means of diagnosing a unit, unit or system; main malfunctions of a unit, unit or system; method of diagnosing with the help of diagnostic tools; determination of the total annual costs for post-diagnostics; calculation of annual savings when introducing a diagnostic post and its payback period; conclusion;

bibliography.

The volume of the explanatory note is 20-25 sheets. Registration must comply with GOST 7.32-91 "Structure and rules for registration", set out in the guidelines "Basic requirements for the design of the text of an explanatory note when completing a graduation project", St. Petersburg, 2000.

Topics of term papers in the discipline "Diagnosing AT"

The initial data for the control work is selected according to the last two digits of the record book (the penultimate digit - Table 1; the last digit - Table 2).

The initial data for the calculation are: capital costs for the purchase of equipment (K1), capital costs for design work (K2), capital costs for construction work (K3), capital costs for installation work (K4), average annual vehicle mileage (Lg), list number of vehicles in the enterprise (Asp), type of vehicle vehicle Individual When performing work, use , .

The performance of tests within the framework of the study of the discipline "Diagnosing AT" pursues the goal of teaching the student how to work with educational, special literature on cars, the skills of research work.

The work program of the discipline indicates the main and additional literature.

However, when doing a term paper, the student should not be limited to this list of references, but independently find special literature on the issue he discloses in the term paper.

The task is given individually to each student.

Control work should include: content; introduction, main part;

conclusion; bibliography.

The volume of the explanatory note is 10–15 sheets. Registration must comply with GOST 7.32-91 "Structure and rules for registration", set out in the guidelines "Basic requirements for the design of the text of an explanatory note when completing a graduation project", St. Petersburg, 2000.

Introduction, conclusion, list of references, chapters are printed from a new page in capital letters and highlighted in bold. Graphs, tables are made manually or with the help of special computer programs. The pages are held together with a hard cover of special folders for term papers. In some cases, with the permission of the head, the work can be done in handwriting in legible handwriting in black or blue ink in compliance with the specified requirements.

The control work is issued by the teacher to each student individually.

Topics of examinations:

1. Processing of information about reliability 2. Methods of diagnostics 3. Means of technical diagnostics 4. Types of control and diagnostic operations 5. Technical diagnostics. General provisions 6. Diagnostics during TO- 7. Diagnostics during TO- 8. Engine diagnostics. General state.

9. Diagnosis of KShM and timing.

10. Engine diagnostics. Lubrication system.

11. Engine diagnostics. Cooling system 12. Engine diagnostics. Ignition system.

13. Diagnosis of the diesel engine power system.

14. Diagnosis of the power supply system of the injection engine.

15. Transmission diagnostics. Clutch.

16. Transmission diagnostics. Gearbox, cardan gear, rear axle.

17. Steering diagnostics.

18. Diagnosis of the working brake system.

19. Diagnosis of springs, shock absorbers and tires.

20. Sensors used in diagnosis. Classification.

21. Operational and technical requirements for sensors.

22. Diagnosis of the power supply system of the engine with distributed injection.

4. STUDENT KNOWLEDGE CONTROL

The current progress of students is controlled by the execution, execution and protection of reports on laboratory work, intermediate certification in the form of testing. Intermediate certification tests include: theoretical material covered in lectures, practical material on laboratory work.

Test tasks in the discipline are performed by full-time students at intermediate certification, by correspondence students - in the form of homework.

1. Technical diagnostics is:

1) a field of science that studies and establishes signs of malfunctions of machines and their mechanisms, develops methods and means by which a conclusion is given (diagnosis is made) about the nature and essence of malfunctions;

2) the field of science that eliminates malfunctions of machines and their mechanisms, develops methods and means by which a conclusion is given (diagnosis is made) about the nature and essence of malfunctions;

3) a field of science that develops methods and means by which a conclusion is given (diagnosis is made) about the nature and essence of malfunctions;

4) the process of determining the technical condition by in-place, objective and subjective methods;

5) the process of determining the technical condition of the car with the help of instrumentation, special equipment and instruments.

2. The subjective search for failures includes:

1) Human activity and a functioning diagnostic system that allows obtaining fixed numerical values ​​of the estimated parameters;

2) The process of diagnosing, carried out with the help of instrumentation, equipment and tools;

3) Determining the state of the car and its elements by setting the number of checks, the order of which is arbitrary;

4) Identification of vehicles (among those in use), the technical condition of which does not meet the requirements for traffic safety, using instrumentation, equipment and tools;

5) determination of diagnostic parameters that can be assessed with the help of the sense organs of a mechanic-diagnostician or with the use of individual simple means to amplify the signal if experience and knowledge are available.

3. Linear diagnostics of cars:

1) It is carried out on the nodes and mechanisms that ensure the safety of the movement of the car, using control and measuring equipment operating on the principle: serviceable, defective;

4) Responsible for the driver, who uses both an objective assessment, using instruments on the dashboard, and a subjective one, through his senses (vision, hearing, smell, touch);

5) It is carried out using various diagnostic tools, before the TO-1, with inclusion in the general diagnostic complex at the ATP.

4. Measurement of losses to overcome friction forces in the mechanisms of the car allows you to:

1) Determine the technical condition of the units and mechanisms of the running gear as a whole;

2) Determine the working state of the clutch mechanism;

3) To identify violations of the adjustments of various mechanisms and the strength of threaded connections;

4) Diagnose all movable mates that create impact loads;

5) Determine the working condition of the brake mechanisms.

5. Exclude the process that is not included in the parameters of complex diagnostics (stage 1):

1) Engine power;

2) Fuel consumption;

3) Efficiency for transmission units and running gear;

4) Braking properties and noise level in mechanisms;

5) Inspection of the technical condition of the mechanisms and identification of the causes of the malfunction.

6. Means of technical diagnostics are:

1) Technical devices designed to measure the current values ​​of diagnostic parameters;

2) Technical devices designed to measure complex values ​​of diagnostic parameters;

3) Technical devices designed for element-by-element diagnostics;

4) Technical devices designed for general diagnostics;

5) Technical devices designed to determine the technical condition of the car.

7. Generator sensors are:

2) Sensors in which the measured value is converted into an electrical circuit parameter - resistance, capacitance, inductance, and the sensor is powered by an external energy source;

3) Sensors in which the measured value is converted into an electrical circuit parameter - resistance, capacitance, inductance, and the sensor is self-powered;

8. Electrokinetic sensors are:

2) Sensors that use the phenomenon of the electrokinetic potential that occurs when a polar liquid is forced to flow through a porous wall;

4) Sensors that use the dependence of the concentration of aqueous solutions on the concentration of hydrogen ions in the solution;

9. Exclude the process that is not included in the newly developed or in operation technical diagnostic tools:

1) Obtaining maximum information about the technical condition of the unit with a minimum number of controlled parameters through the use of dynamic diagnostic methods;

2) Ensuring high reliability of diagnosis with optimal accuracy of measuring the parameters of the technical condition;

3) Minimum labor intensity of the main and auxiliary diagnostic operations;

4) Embedded in the object of technical diagnostics;

5) Versatility (suitability for various brands of engine), simplicity and ease of use, high reliability.

10. Eliminate the element that is not included in the power supply and ignition system of the injector 1) Absolute pressure sensor;

2) Sensor-measuring the amount of air passing into the combustion chamber;

3) Sensor for monitoring the oxygen content in the exhaust gases;

4) Fuel cell;

5) Fuel accumulator.

1) The frequency of TO-1 and TO-2 is established according to the data of actual changes in the parameters of the technical condition of vehicle elements, taking into account the mileage at the diagnostic posts;

4) Determine the total cost of diagnostic tools.

2) Sensitivity factor;

3) Uniformity of the perceived parameter;

4) Reliability;

5) Stability.

2) Empty fuel tank;

3) Faulty anti-theft system;

4) Damage to the ignition lock;

5) Moisture, water on the distributor cap, high-voltage wires and their tips.

14. Electric gas analyzers work on the principle:

15. Sharp dull knocks in the engine, clearly audible when the clutch pedal is released, in the crank mechanism, is a consequence of:

1) Wear of main bearings;

2) Wear of connecting rod bearings;

3) Wear of piston rings;

4) Wear of piston skirts;

5) Cracks or burnout of pistons.

1. Diagnosis is:

1) section of science for the operation of road transport:

2) the process of determining a rational sequence for checking mechanisms and, based on studying the dynamics of changes in the parameters of the technical condition of the units and components of the car, forecasting;

3) the process of determining the technical condition by in-place methods;

4) checking the technical condition of the vehicle elements using a certain sequence, using special equipment;

5) checking the technical condition of the elements of the car, ensuring traffic safety, using special equipment and having a certain sequence of operations.

Diagnostics of the technical condition of vehicle elements at the ATP Predict the reliability of the vehicle;

To identify (clarify), before maintenance and repair, a malfunction or reasons for failure;

Predict the reliability of vehicle components and assemblies;

Clarify the scope of work before MOT and TR;

To identify, with the help of instrumentation, the sequence of maintenance 3. The first group of methods for diagnosing a car includes:

2) Methods for assessing the geometric parameters of the car;

3) Methods for assessing the parameters of related processes;

4) Methods that evaluate the intensity of heat release;

Determining the thermal state of mechanisms and systems allows:

2) Determine the technical condition of the CPG parts;

3) Determine the technical condition of clutch and brake actuators;

4) Diagnose all movable interfaces that create a thermal load;

5) Detect violations of the adjustments of various mechanisms and the strength of threaded connections

1) Run-out time;

2) Path of acceleration;

3) Maximum acceleration;

4) Acceleration time;

5) Operating cost.

External means of technical diagnostics include:

Means for assessing state parameters in dynamics;

Portable devices.

7. Parametric sensors are:

1) Sensors in which the measured parameter is converted directly into an electrical signal;

2) Sensors in which the measured value is converted into an electrical circuit parameter - resistance, capacitance, inductance, and the sensor is powered by an external energy source;

3) Sensors in which the measured value is converted into an electrical circuit parameter - resistance, capacitance, inductance, and the sensor is self-powered;

4) Sensors in which the energy carrier of information is liquid;

5) Sensors in which the energy carrier of information is air.

8. Potentiometric sensors are designed to measure:

2) Small movements;

9. Eliminate the requirements that are not imposed on the sensors of technical diagnostics:

1) Due to operating conditions;

2) Caused by the cost of sensors;

3) The type of changes in the input (controlled) value;

4) The nature of changes in the input (controlled) value;

5) Design features.

10. Exclude an element that is not included in the power supply and ignition system of the injector 1) Throttle position sensor;

Air damper position sensor;

Detonation sensor;

Atmospheric pressure sensor.

11. On the basis of diagnostic control information in production conditions, the following tasks are solved:

1) The required volume (labor intensity and list) of maintenance and repair work is determined, the diagnostician identifies the actual need for vehicle elements in technical impacts;

2) Determine the current situation at the ATP with diagnostic support;

3) Establish the composition of diagnostic tools depending on the tasks set and the capacity of the enterprise;

Exclude the item that is not included in the concept of "Basic characteristics of sensors":

Linearity characteristics;

Sensitivity coefficient;

Interchangeability;

Geometric dimensions.

13. Problem when starting a serviceable engine for non-technical reasons 1) Spark plugs filled with fuel;

2) Empty fuel tank;

3) Condensation on spark plugs after a long period of inactivity of the car;

5) Faulty anti-theft system.

14. Electrochemical gas analyzers work on the principle:

1) Afterburning of exhaust gases on a preheated el. platinum filament current;

2) Measurements of the degree of absorption of infrared (thermal) radiation by individual components of the exhaust gases;

3) Measurements of the degree of absorption of ultraviolet (thermal) radiation by individual components of the exhaust gases;

4) Optical-physical interaction of opaque particles of exhaust gases with optical radiation and measurement of the absorption value.

Strong periodic knocks, in the gas distribution mechanism, are wear of the timing gears;

Wear of camshaft bearings;

Increased clearance between the pusher and the valve;

1. Exclude the process that is not included in the objective search for failures and malfunctions when diagnosing:

1) the object of diagnosis;

2) human activity:

3) car activity;

4) diagnostic system;

5) the process of the system functioning.

2. Diagnostics of cars during the first maintenance of TO- (general diagnostics D-1):

2) It is carried out on the nodes and mechanisms of the car, using instrumentation operating on the principle: serviceable, faulty, and highlighting an intermediate class of parameter values ​​in order to predict failures by periodically fixing the current parameter values;

3) It is carried out on nodes and mechanisms, using control and measuring equipment, where wear, vibration, noise, knocks, violations of adjustments are possible;

3. The third group of methods for diagnosing a car includes:

1) Methods for evaluating the output parameters of operational properties;

2) Methods based on an objective assessment of geometric parameters in statics;

3) Methods that evaluate pressure pulsation in pipelines and channels;

4) Methods based on simulating the speed and load modes of the car;

5) Methods that evaluate the parameters of vibroacoustic signals.

4. Checking the state of mates and installation dimensions allows you to:

1) Determine the working condition of cooling and lubrication systems;

2) Determine the technical condition of the units and mechanisms of the running gear as a whole;

3) Determine the technical condition of wheel bearings;

4) Determine violations of the tightness of the CPG and timing;

5) To identify violations of the adjustments of various mechanisms and the strength of threaded connections.

5. When running complex diagnostics, in the acceleration intensity parameters 1) Maximum deceleration;

2) Maximum acceleration;

3) Run-out time;

4) Run-out path;

5) Consumption during acceleration.

The built-in technical diagnostic tools include:

Stationary stands;

Limit state indicators;

Means for assessing and storing state parameters;

Information and advising systems;

Portable devices.

7. Electric potential sensors are:

1) Sensors that use the dependence of the EMF of elements on the composition and concentration of solutions el. litas;

3) Sensors that use the change in the resistance of the electrically conductive capacitance during the mutual movement of the electrodes;

5) Sensors switching el. circuit under the action of the measured parameter.

8. Strain gauge sensors are designed to measure:

1) Temperatures of liquid media and surfaces of body parts;

2) Small movements;

3) Phase parameters of engine operation and rotational speed;

4) Pressures, forces, torques, relative displacements;

5) Absolute pressures, relative pressures, pressure drops, linear and angular velocities.

9. Sensor sensitivity threshold is:

10. Eliminate the element that is not included in the power supply and ignition system of the injector 1) Starting nozzle;

2) Nozzle with electromagnetic control;

3) Nozzle with electromechanical control;

4) Fuel distributor;

5) Fuel pressure regulator.

11. On the basis of diagnostic control information in production conditions, the following tasks are solved:

1) The necessary stock of vehicle elements is established in the intermediate and central warehouses according to the actual technical condition of the rolling stock of this enterprise;

2) Establish the composition of diagnostic tools depending on the tasks set and the capacity of the enterprise;

4) Set the proportion of objective diagnosis in the array of parameters of objective and subjective diagnosis.

12. Exclude the item that is not included in the concept of "Basic characteristics of sensors":

1) Reliability;

Simplicity of design;

Geometric dimensions;

Connection schemes.

13. Problem when starting a serviceable engine for non-technical reasons 1) Water in the fuel;

2) Moisture, water on the cover of the distributor, high-voltage wires and their tips;

3) Damage to the ignition lock;

4) Poor contact of the ground wire;

14. Smoke meters work on the principle:

1) Afterburning of exhaust gases on a preheated el. platinum filament current;

2) Measurements of the degree of absorption of infrared (thermal) radiation by individual components of the exhaust gases;

3) Measurements of the degree of absorption of ultraviolet (thermal) radiation by individual components of the exhaust gases;

4) Optical-physical interaction of opaque particles of exhaust gases with optical radiation and measurement of the absorption value.

15. Eliminate the part that is not diagnosed in the diesel power system 1) Engine speed controller;

4) Nozzles.

1. Select the process included in the subjective search for failures and malfunctions when diagnosing:

1) identification of the reason for the refusal;

2) car activity;

3) the process of the system functioning;

4) diagnostic system;

5) the activity of the car-man system.

2. Element-by-element diagnostics of cars (D-2):

1) It is carried out on the nodes and mechanisms that ensure the safety of the movement of the car, using control and measuring equipment operating on the principle: serviceable, defective;

2) It is carried out on the nodes and mechanisms of the car, using instrumentation operating on the principle: serviceable, faulty, and highlighting an intermediate class of parameter values ​​in order to predict failures by periodically fixing the current parameter values;

3) It is carried out on nodes and mechanisms, using control and measuring equipment, where wear, vibration, noise, knocks, violations of adjustments are possible;

4) It is equated to linear diagnostics and is assigned to the driver, who uses both an objective assessment, using the instruments on the dashboard, and a subjective one, through his senses (sight, hearing, smell, touch);

5) It is equated to the integral diagnostics, which is carried out using various diagnostic tools, before the TO-1, with inclusion in the general diagnostic complex at the ATP.

The second group of methods for diagnosing a car includes:

1) Methods that evaluate the parameters of vibroacoustic signals;

2) Methods for assessing the parameters of related processes;

3) Methods based on an objective assessment of geometric parameters in statics;

4) Methods for assessing the tightness of working volumes, the degree of wear of the CPG, the operability of the pneumatic brake drive and the tightness of the valves;

5) Methods for assessing the impact on the environment, toxicity of exhaust gases, smoke and noise.

4. Checking the tightness of systems and interfaces allows you to:

1) Determine the working state of the clutch mechanism;

2) Diagnose all movable interfaces that create shock loads, gear and spline connections, bearings;

3) Determine the technical condition of the CPG and timing parts;

4) Determine the presence and quality of lubricant in the gearbox housing, final drive and final drives;

5) Measure the leakage of gases and liquids.

5. With stationary complex diagnostics, the parameters of transmission mechanical losses include:

1) Maximum traction force on the driving wheels;

4) Maximum deceleration;

5) Maximum acceleration.

The technical diagnostic tools installed on the vehicle include:

Devices for centralized retrieval of information;

Limit state indicators;

Means for assessing and storing state parameters;

Means for assessing state parameters in dynamics.

7. Galvanic sensors are:

1) Sensors that use the dependence of the EMF of elements on the composition and concentration of solutions el. litas;

2) Sensors that use the dependence of the concentration of aqueous solutions on the concentration of hydrogen ions in the solution;

3) Sensors that use the change in the resistance of the electrically conductive capacitance during the mutual movement of the electrodes;

4) Sensors that use the phenomenon of the electrokinetic potential that occurs when a polar liquid is forced to flow through a porous wall;

5) Sensors switching el. circuit under the action of the measured parameter.

Thermal resistance sensors are designed to measure:

Temperatures of liquid media and surfaces of body parts;

Phase parameters of the engine operation and speed;

Pressures, efforts, torques, relative displacements;

5) Absolute pressures, relative pressures, pressure drops, linear and angular velocities.

9. The stability of the output characteristic is:

1) the minimum change in the controlled value, causing a change in the output signal;

2) the maximum change in the controlled value that does not cause a change in the output signal;

3) the ratio of the change in the output signal to the change in the controlled value (input signal) that causes it;

4) the quality of the transducer, reflecting the invariability of its metrological properties over time;

5) the average difference between the values ​​of the output signal corresponding to a given point of the measurement range for two directions of slow, multiple changes in the informative parameter of the input signal in the process of approaching a given point of the measurement range.

10. Eliminate the element that is not included in the power supply and ignition system of the injector 1) Air valve;

2) Fuel valve;

3) Fuel pressure regulator;

4) Fuel pressure stabilizer;

5) Fuel accumulator.

11. On the basis of diagnostic control information in production conditions, the following tasks are solved:

1) The resource of cars is determined, which is based on the availability of data at the diagnostic posts and actual information on the parameters of car states and failures;

2) Determine the current situation at the ATP with diagnostic support;

3) Determine the total cost of diagnostic tools;

4) Set the proportion of objective diagnosis in the array of parameters of objective and subjective diagnosis.

12. Exclude the item that is not included in the concept of "Basic characteristics of sensors":

1) Stability;

2) Uniformity of the perceived parameter;

3) Sensitivity coefficient;

4) Geometric dimensions;

5) Linearity of the characteristic.

13. Problem when starting a serviceable engine for non-technical reasons 1) Water in the fuel;

2) Empty fuel tank;

3) Battery damage;

4) Condensation on spark plugs after a long period of inactivity of the car;

5) Spark plugs filled with fuel.

14. Electrochemical gas analyzer measures:

1) NOX only;

2) NOX, CH, CO, O2;

3) only CO;

5) CH only.

15. Uneven "hard" operation of the diesel engine, the release of black smoke is a consequence of:

1) Clogged filters;

2) Clogged nozzles;

3) Violation of the tightness of the fuel system;

4) Violation of the ignition timing;

5) Injector failure.

The structural parameters of the car include:

2. When carrying out TO-2 and TR technical diagnostics:

1) It is carried out on the nodes and mechanisms that ensure the safety of the movement of the car, using control and measuring equipment operating on the principle: serviceable, defective;

2) It is carried out on the nodes and mechanisms of the car, using instrumentation operating on the principle: serviceable, faulty, and highlighting an intermediate class of parameter values ​​in order to predict failures by periodically fixing the current parameter values;

3) It is carried out on nodes and mechanisms, using control and measuring equipment, where wear, vibration, noise, knocks, violations of adjustments are possible;

4) It is equated to linear diagnostics and is assigned to the driver, who uses both an objective assessment, using the instruments on the dashboard, and a subjective one, through his senses (sight, hearing, smell, touch);

5) It is equated to the integral diagnostics, which is carried out using various diagnostic tools, before the TO-1, with inclusion in the general diagnostic complex at the ATP.

3. Exclude a process that is not included in the three main methods of technical diagnostics of a car:

1) diagnostics according to the parameters of working processes (engine power, fuel consumption, braking distance, etc.);

2) diagnostics based on geometrical parameters (clearance, backlash, free wheeling, steering wheel alignment angles);

3) diagnostics according to the parameters of accompanying processes, which indirectly characterize the technical condition of the vehicle mechanisms;

4) diagnostics by auxiliary parameters that indirectly characterize the technical condition of individual vehicle components;

4. Noise and vibration analysis allows you to determine:

1) Clogged filter and tightness of the intake tract;

2) The condition of the timing valves and the operation of the ignition systems;

3) Diagnose all movable interfaces that create shock loads, gear and spline connections, bearings;

4) Condition of transmission units and running gear;

5) Correct adjustment of the brakes.

5. With stationary complex diagnostics, in the acceleration intensity parameters 1) Maximum traction force on the drive wheels;

2) Traction characteristic;

3) Maximum acceleration;

4) Run-out path;

5) Maximum deceleration.

6. The means of technical diagnostics installed on the car include:

1) Portable devices used both in combination with stationary stands, and separately, for localization and clarification of faults on special equipment. plots;

2) Sensors and microprocessors included in the design of the car;

3) Devices for measuring the technical condition included in the design of the car;

4) Devices made in the form of a block based on electronic elements that are installed on the car before leaving the line or from the service station after maintenance and repair, or at the end of the shift;

5) Devices that display diagnostic information that provides control over the state of vehicle elements.

7. Electrolytic sensors are:

1) Sensors that use the dependence of the EMF of elements on the composition and concentration of solutions el. litas;

2) Sensors that use the dependence of the concentration of aqueous solutions on the concentration of hydrogen ions in the solution;

3) Sensors that use the change in the resistance of the electrically conductive capacitance during the mutual movement of the electrodes;

4) Sensors that use the phenomenon of the electrokinetic potential that occurs when a polar liquid is forced to flow through a porous wall;

5) Sensors switching el. circuit under the action of the measured parameter.

8. Mechatronic sensors are designed to measure:

1) Temperatures of liquid media and surfaces of body parts;

2) Small movements;

3) Phase parameters of engine operation and rotational speed;

4) Pressures, forces, torques, relative displacements;

5) Absolute pressures, relative pressures, pressure drops, linear and angular velocities.

9. The overload capacity of the sensor is:

1) the ratio of the maximum permissible value of the controlled parameter to its nominal value;

2) the minimum change in the controlled value, causing a change in the output signal;

3) the quality of the transducer, reflecting the invariability of its metrological properties over time;

4) the average difference between the values ​​of the output signal corresponding to a given point in the measurement range for two directions of slow, multiple changes in the informative parameter of the input signal in the process of approaching a given point in the measurement range;

5) the possession of increased mechanical strength, when exposed to dynamic loads.

10. Eliminate the element that is not included in the power supply and ignition system of the injector 1) Sensor-switch of the starting injector;

2) Coolant temperature sensor;

3) Air temperature sensor;

4) Fuel temperature sensor;

5) Sensor-switch of the nozzle with electromagnetic control.

11. On the basis of diagnostic control information in production conditions, the following tasks are solved:

1) The fuel consumption of a car is measured, depending on its technical condition, with diagnostic and subsequent adjustment and restoration work carried out on the elements of the car, the technical condition of which affects fuel consumption;

2) Set the share of objective diagnostics in the array of parameters of objective and subjective diagnostics 3) Determine the total cost of diagnostic tools;

4) Determine the current situation at the ATP with diagnostic support.

12. Exclude the item that is not included in the concept of "Basic characteristics of sensors":

1) Linearity of the characteristic;

2) simplicity of design;

3) Interchangeability;

4) Reliability;

5) Sensitivity coefficient.

13. Problem when starting a serviceable engine for non-technical reasons 1) Damage to the battery;

2) Clogged exhaust pipe (snow, dirt);

3) Poor contact of the ground wire;

4) Faulty anti-theft system;

5) Damage to the ignition lock.

14. The value of CH in the exhaust gases determines:

1) The efficiency of the fuel system;

2) The efficiency of filling the cylinders with a fuel-air mixture;

3) Stoichiometric composition of the mixture;

4) The presence of "suction" of air;

5) Efficiency of fuel combustion in cylinders.

15. The reason for the "slip" of the clutch is:

1) Lack of free play of the pedal and / or drive;

2) Breakage of damper springs;

3) Wear of the release bearing;

4) large free play of the pedal and / or drive;

5) The presence of a defect in the drive.

Entry requirements:

1. Performance and protection of laboratory work.

2. A positive mark for intermediate testing 3. Completion of the final test work 1. Technical diagnostics. Definitions.

2. Structural parameters. Input and output parameters.

3. Subjective and objective search for failures.

4. Functional diagram of the diagnostic system.

5. Tasks solved by ATP based on diagnostic information.

6. Levels of car diagnostics at ATP. Scheme.

7. Diagnosis of the technical condition at the ATP. Structural scheme.

8. Diagnosis at TO-1.

9. Diagnosis at TO-2 and TR.

10. Schemes of production processes of ATP with the use of diagnostics.

Appointment of OTK.

11. Methods for diagnosing a / m. First group.

12. Methods for diagnosing a / m. Second group.

13. Methods for diagnosing a / m. Third group.

14. Diagnostic parameters, methods and means of measurement 15. Measurement of losses to overcome friction forces in mechanisms 16. Checking the tightness of systems and interfaces 17. Analysis of noise and vibrations 18. Method for measuring gas leakage 19. Types of diagnostics according to their technological affiliation. Stationary diagnostics.

20. Means of technical diagnostics. External STD 21. Means of technical diagnostics. Built-in STD 22. Means of technical diagnostics. Installed STD 23. Sensors with electrical output signal. Classification.

24. Potentiometric sensors.

25. Strain gauge sensors.

26. Electromagnetic sensors.

27. Piezoelectric sensors.

28. Thermoelectric sensors.

29. Mechatronic sensors.

30. General technical requirements for sensors.

31. Accounting for the features of the object of diagnosis.

32. Accounting for the characteristics of the environment.

33. Requirements for sensors in a static process.

34. Requirements for sensors in a dynamic process.

35. Requirements for sensors due to design features.

36. Diagnostic models. Classification.

37. Methods of analysis of diagnostic models.

38. Scheme of a complex object of diagnosis. Characteristic.

39. Algorithms and diagnostic programs.

40. Reliability of diagnostic information.

41. Accuracy and reliability of diagnosing car elements. Indirect 42. Accuracy and reliability of diagnosing vehicle elements. Direct 43. General principles for diagnosis.

44. Problems when starting a serviceable engine. Not technical reasons.

45. Problems when starting a serviceable engine. Causes in the electrical system of starting the engine.

46. ​​Problems when starting a serviceable engine. Causes in the fuel system.

47. Diagnosis of the crank and gas distribution mechanism. Devices for diagnosing.

48. Influence of CO and CH content in exhaust gases on the operation of ignition systems 49. Smoke meters. Test procedure 50. Diagnosis of the diesel engine power system.

51. Diagnosing the power supply system of the injection engine. Informational 52. Diagnosis of the power supply system of the injection engine. Executive 53. Reading ECU trouble codes without using diagnostic 54. Clearing ECU memory without using diagnostic equipment.

55. Diagnosis of the lubrication and cooling system.

56. Diagnosis of electrical equipment.

57. Diagnosis of clutch, gearbox, cardan and final drive.

58. Diagnosing an automatic transmission.

59. Diagnosis of wheels and tires.

60. Suspension diagnostics.

61. Diagnosis of steering controls.

62. Diagnosis of brake systems.

REFERENCES

1. Diagnosis of road transport [Text]: method. allowance for diss.

cars" for stud. specialist. 190603 "Service of transport and technological machines", 190601 "Automobiles and automotive industry" of all forms of training. / comp. R. V. Abaimov, P. A. Malashchuk; SLI. - Syktyvkar, 2007. - 72 p.

2. Arinin, I. N. Diagnostics of the technical condition of cars [Text] / I. N.

Arinin. - M. : Transport, 1978. - 254 p.

3. Avdonkin, F. I. Theoretical foundations of the technical operation of cars [Text] F. I. Avdonkin. - M. : Transport, 1985. - 178 p.

4. Borts, A.D. Diagnostics of the technical condition of the car [Text] / A.D. Borts. – M.:

Transport, 1979. - 159 p.

5. Kuznetsov, E. S. Management of the technical operation of vehicles [Text] / E. S.

Kuznetsov. - M. : Transport, 1992. - 352 p.

6. Technical operation of cars [Text]: textbook. for universities / ed. G. V.

Kramarenko. - M. : Transport, 1983. - 488 p.

7. Regulations on the maintenance and repair of rolling stock of road transport [Text] / Minavtotrans RSFSR. - M. : Transport, 1986. - 72 p.

Road transport diagnostics

INDEPENDENT WORK OF STUDENTS

Guidelines for the preparation of a graduate in the direction 653300 "Operation of transport and transport equipment", specialty "Service of transport and technological machines and equipment", qualification - engineer, full-time and part-time education Syktyvkar Forest Institute - a branch of the state educational institution of higher professional education "St. Petersburg State University _ Signed for publication on 26.10.07. Format 60 90 1/16. Conv. oven l. 2.0. Edition 16. Order no. for the preparation of a graduate in the direction 653300 Operation of transport and transport equipment of specialties 190601 Automobiles and automotive industry and 190603 Service of transport and technological machines and equipment (road transport) SYKTYVKAR 2007 FEDERAL AGENCY FOR EDUCATION SYKTYVKAR ... "

“Educational institution BELARUSIAN STATE TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY Department of Materials Science and Technology of Metals FOUNDRY AND METAL PRESSURE PROCESSING Guidelines for laboratory work on the course Technology of structural materials for students of technological specialties Minsk 2012 UDC 621.74 (075.8) LBC 34.61ya73 L64 Considered and recommended by the editorial board university. Compiled by: D. V. Kuis, P. V. Rudak Reviewer Candidate...»

« Kirova DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING GRAPHICS AND DESIGN AUTOMATION DESCRIPTIONAL GEOMETRY AND ENGINEERING GRAPHICS INDEPENDENT WORK OF STUDENTS Guidelines for the preparation of a graduate specialist in the direction 656300 - Technology of logging and woodworking industries specialty 250401 Forest engineering ... "

"St. Petersburg State Forest Engineering Academy named after S. M. Kirov Department of Automobiles and Automobile Economy DEVELOPMENT AND CURRENT STATE OF AUTOMOBILE TRANSPORT AND ROAD TRAFFIC STUDENT INDEPENDENT WORK Guidelines for the preparation of a graduate in the direction 653300 Operation ... "

“Russian Federation Ministry of Railways GOU VPO “Far Eastern State University of Railways of the Ministry of Railways of Russia” Department “Wagons” M.P. Mikhalevich TECHNOLOGY OF PRODUCTION AND REPAIR OF CARS Methodological instructions for examining the condition of parts for the implementation of the course project Khabarovsk Publishing house DVGUPS 2004 Reviewer: Candidate of Technical Sciences, Professor of the Department of Diesel Locomotives and Thermal Engines of the Far East state university means of communication I.V. Dmitrenko..."

« KIROVA DEPARTMENT OF AUTOMOBILES AND AUTOMOTIVE SECTORITY DIAGNOSTICS OF AUTOMOBILE TRANSPORT Methodological guide for the disciplines Diagnosis of road transport, Technical operation of vehicles for students of specialties 190603 Service of transport and technological machines, 190601 Automobiles and automotive economy ...»

« Kirova DEPARTMENT OF HUMANITARIAN AND SOCIAL DISCIPLINES RUSSIAN LANGUAGE AND CULTURE OF SPEECH INDEPENDENT WORK OF STUDENTS Guidelines for the preparation of a graduate specialist in the specialties 150405 - Machinery and equipment of the forest complex, 080502 - Economics and management at the enterprise (agro-industrial complex) SYKTYVKAR 2007 UDC ... "

"Kirov Department of Humanities DOMESTIC HISTORY Methodological manual for the implementation of tests for students of correspondence courses of all specialties Syktyvkar 2003 Reviewed and recommended for publication by the Department of Humanities on February 13, 2003. Approved for publication by the Council of the Faculty of Agriculture on March 31 ... "

Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation Arkhangelsk State Technical University Reviewed and recommended for publication by the Council of UMO universities for university ... "

"for the preparation of a graduate in the direction 651900 Automation and control of the specialty 220301 Automation technological processes and production SYKTYVKAR 2007 FEDERAL AGENCY FOR EDUCATION SYKTYVKAR FOREST INSTITUTE - BRANCH OF STATE EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION OF HIGHER PROFESSIONAL...»

« graduate specialist in the direction 651600 Technological machines and equipment of the specialty 150405 Machinery and equipment of the forest complex SYKTYVKAR 2007 FEDERAL AGENCY FOR EDUCATION SYKTYVKAR FOREST INSTITUTE - BRANCH OF THE STATE EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION OF HIGHER PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION ST. PETERSBURG "...

“The St. Petersburg State Forestry Academy named after S. M. Kirov Department of the machine and the equipment of the forest complex industry technology for logging students methodological instructions for the preparation of diplomated specialists in the specialty 080507 Management of the Syktyvkar organization 2007 UDC 630* BBK ...”

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"on the implementation of a test and a course project for students of the specialty 250403 Woodworking technology of distance learning SYKTYVKAR 2007 FEDERAL AGENCY FOR EDUCATION SYKTYVKAR FOREST INSTITUTE - BRANCH OF GOU HPE ST. PETERSBURG STATE FOREST ENGINEERING ACADEMY NAMED AFTER S.

« STUDENTS Guidelines for the training of graduates in the direction 651600 Technological machines and equipment of the specialty 150405 Machinery and equipment of the forestry complex

«INTRODUCTION The proposed textbook is the first part of a course of lectures on discrete mathematics. In addition to this part, it is planned to publish two parts of theoretical material. The second part will be devoted to discrete analysis, predicate logic and coding theory and cryptography, in particular, the coding of economic information. The third part will be devoted to graph theory and its application in economics and management, in particular, network planning and control of discrete systems....»

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Basic provisions of technical diagnostics

Basic definitions of technical diagnostics

Diagnostic parameters of the technical condition of machines and their components

List information requirements to inform decision making.

11. Explain what is the main source of information about the reliability of cars.

12. List methods for improving the reliability of products.

13. Explain the concept of "redundancy" in the product.

14. Explain the concepts of "loaded, lightened and unloaded reserve."

Section 4: Diagnostic Basics

The ability to determine the technical condition of an object without analyzing it by indirect signs, the so-called diagnostic symptoms, is the essence of technical diagnostics.

For the personnel of the engineering and technical service of road transport to make effective decisions on the operational management of the production processes of the technical operation of vehicles, it becomes necessary to use reliable information about the technical condition of each individual vehicle. The main sources of this information on road transport are technical control, including inspection and instrumental diagnostics.

Detected faults- an event at which the presence of a malfunction becomes apparent.

Fault localization– actions aimed at identifying a failed component or several components at the appropriate level of disaggregation.

Troubleshooting– actions taken to establish the presence of a malfunction, localize the malfunction and determine the causes of its occurrence.

Debugg- actions carried out after diagnosing a malfunction to restore the working condition of the product.

Function test- actions taken after the elimination of the malfunction to confirm the operable state of the product.

Recovery- an event in which, after a malfunction, an operable state of the product occurs.

Condition control- operations performed automatically or manually in order to determine and qualify the condition of the product.

Condition monitoring is used to determine the need for maintenance.

Fault detected time– the time interval between a failure and the detection of the malfunction that has arisen due to it.

Troubleshooting time is the portion of the operational duration of corrective maintenance that is spent on correcting the problem.

Function test time is the portion of the operational duration of maintenance spent on functional verification.

Fault detection time is the portion of the operational duration of corrective maintenance spent on finding the fault.

Fault localization time is the portion of the operational duration of corrective maintenance spent on fault localization.

In accordance with the accepted terminology technical control in the field of production is understood as checking the conformity of products to established technical requirements. Technical control appeared as a result of the division of labor as a necessary component of the technological process of material production.

At the present stage of production development, technical control performs two main functions: identification and rejection of products that do not meet the requirements of technical specifications; receiving additional information about the production process and its results for the development of control actions aimed at maintaining a given level of product quality. At the same time, it is necessary that the receipt of this information is accessible, does not require disassembly of units and mechanisms and high labor costs.

At the first stages of development, the specifics of the production processes of the technical operation of vehicles, characterized by a high degree of heterogeneity, determined the possibility of using the ATP mainly subjective methods for determining the technical condition of vehicles when inspected by qualified personnel. However, with the growth in the capacity of motor transport enterprises in connection with the ongoing technical policy aimed at concentrating production, the process of managing the performance of the rolling stock became more and more complex, and the requirements for individual information increased.

In this regard, technical diagnostics appeared and began to develop in road transport, at first called simply control, which helps to increase the productivity of repair workers, the reliability and safety of vehicle traffic, reduce the labor intensity of work, and save fuel, energy and material resources.

Technical diagnostics of cars- a section of operational science in which failures and malfunctions of units and assemblies are studied, established and classified, as well as the symptoms of these failures and malfunctions. Also, methods and tools (equipment) are being developed here to identify them in order to determine the necessary preventive and repair impacts on the facility to maintain high level its reliability and predicting the resource of its correct operation.

In the theory of car reliability, general methods have been developed that make it possible to establish the probability of failures in a group (statistical set) of the same type of cars, however, without specifying how each particular car in this group will “behave”, i.e., when exactly certain cars will occur in it failures.

The methods and means of technical diagnostics make it possible to determine the technical condition of a very specific car and therefore make it possible to realize the potential reliability inherent in this particular car.

Diagnosis- the process of determining and evaluating the technical condition of an object without disassembling it according to the totality of detected diagnostic symptoms (setting a technical diagnosis) and the resource of its serviceable, trouble-free operation.

Diagnosis includes three main stages: fixing deviations of diagnostic symptoms and parameters from their nominal values; analysis of the nature and causes of these deviations; establishing the value of the resource of good operation.

The second stage is the formulation of a technical diagnosis or the issuance of a diagnostic conclusion.

The technical condition of the product is assessed according to the scheme (Fig. 18).

Rice. 18. Scheme for determining the technical condition of the product

Technical diagnosis- determination and assessment of the technical condition, i.e. the nature and degree of the malfunction, the presence of a failure of the object of diagnosis and its suitability for further work.

The diagnosis is made by identifying the symptoms of a faulty technical condition by all methods available to the operator, determining without disassembly the current values ​​of the diagnostic parameters of the object and methodically comparing them with permissible deviations from the normal level (nominal value) corresponding to the technical specifications and other technical documents.

The theory and practice of technical diagnostics of a car and its units and assemblies are based on the experimentally verified fact that the values ​​of output characteristics and parameters of an object depend on the values ​​of its structural parameters, i.e. on the technical condition of the object being diagnosed.

Output Processes of a working object are physical and chemical processes that arise and proceed in time during the operation of the object, during its functioning and interaction with the external environment, and which manifest themselves outside the object, i.e., can be observed and fixed. For example, an internal combustion engine generates energy by absorbing at the same time the fuel and air supplied to it, heats up, emits exhaust gases, creates a certain noise, and vibrates to a greater or lesser extent.

The output processes of any object are divided into:

1) work processes that determine its working functions, for the sake of which this object was manufactured (for example, for an engine - this is the consumption of fuel and operating materials, energy generation, exhaust gas emissions; for a gearbox - this is the transmission and conversion of torque);

2) related processes, i.e. inevitable, but arising along with the workers, and useless (for example, vibrations, knocks, heat generation, etc.) of the most diverse nature.

Work and related output processes have certain characteristics and parameters that can be measured.

Thus, the developed power and the amount of fuel consumption at a particular speed mode characterize the working process of the engine, i.e., the process of generating energy; the amplitude and frequency of vibrations of any transmission unit, the bearing heating temperature, the nature and strength of knocks in the engine and other parameters characterize the accompanying processes in these units.

From the analysis of the relationship and the dependence of the characteristics and parameters of the output processes of the simplest assembly - a plain bearing on its structural parameters, it can be seen that the nature of the interaction of structural elements (trunnion and bearing) depends on the values ​​of structural parameters (mainly on the radial clearance). With a change in the latter, for example, with an increase in the gap due to wear, the interaction of the trunnion, shaft and bearing changes - instead of the smooth rotation of the trunnion, radial and longitudinal movements appear in the bearing, which cause vibrations of the bearing, knocks and heating. There are accompanying output processes with their own characteristics and parameters that can be observed and measured from the outside. "Feedback" of these parameters with structural, i.e. determination of the values ​​of structural parameters by the magnitude of the parameters of output processes, and is the essence of making a diagnosis or the essence of technical diagnostics.

Technical diagnostics of machines and, in particular, cars is a relatively young field of knowledge, which is in the process of its formation and development.

Its objects can be components and mechanisms of a car that meet at least two conditions to be in two mutually exclusive states - operable and inoperable, elements (details) can be distinguished in them, each of which is also characterized by different states.

Diagnostics of the technical condition of cars is defined as a branch of knowledge that studies and establishes signs of a malfunctioning condition of a car, as well as methods, principles and equipment, with the help of which a conclusion is made about the technical condition of a node, unit, system without disassembling the latter and predicting the resource of their correct operation.

A system is understood as an ordered set of jointly acting objects designed to perform specified functions.

Cars, units, people, processes connected with a specific purpose can act as a system.

The element belongs to the system and performs the specified functions in it.

One of the main concepts of diagnostics is the concept of "failure", which is understood as an event consisting in a violation of the object's operability.

Any car can be priced nearby parameters, one of which is main, other secondary.

A parameter is understood as a qualitative measure that characterizes the properties of a system, element or phenomenon, in particular a process.

The parameter value is a quantitative measure of the parameter.

Each car has a well-defined structure, i.e. interconnection and mutual arrangement of the constituent elements characterizing design features systems.

Although the structure of the system as a whole remains unchanged, individual interfaces of this system change their dimensions due to wear and other phenomena, for example, clearances in bearings increase, etc.

Structural parameters reflecting the qualitative side of gaps, deflections, wear, breakdowns, etc., are indicators that characterize the property of the structure of a system or its elements.

Structural parameters can be primary and secondary.

Main parameters - characterize the ability of the system to perform the specified functions, secondary- ease of use, appearance (ease of operation, maintenance, disassembly, assembly), etc.

The input parameters are a qualitative measure of the impact on the system from the outside, and the output parameters characterize the external manifestation of the system property.

The input parameters include the load on the car, road, climatic and other conditions.

Output parameters - engine power, fuel consumption, vibration frequency of transmission elements, vehicle braking forces, etc.

The output parameters essentially depend on the state of the object's structure and change with the change in the structural parameters of the latter.

For example, increasing the clearance in the main and connecting rod bearings of the crankshaft lowers the lubrication pressure in the system, generates noise and knocks.

The parameters of the output process can become diagnostic features under the condition of uniqueness, where each value of the structural parameter corresponds to only one, quite specific value of the parameter of the output process; the parameter of the output process should have the largest possible relative change for a given absolute change in the structural parameter.

A diagnostic parameter is understood as a qualitative measure of the manifestation of the technical state of a system, an element by indirect signs.

The limit value of a parameter is its quantitative measure, at which further operation of the vehicle and its elements is unacceptable or impractical for technical and economic reasons.

The car is considered serviceable if all parameters, both structural and output, are within the acceptable range of changes. A faulty technical condition is characterized by the fact that one of the structural or output parameters has gone beyond the allowable limits of change.

The car is considered to be operational if it currently satisfies all the requirements established in relation to the main structural and output parameters that characterize the allowable limits of change.

A working car can be serviceable and faulty.

Thus, a serviceable car is always operable, and a faulty one can be both operable and failed.

The ability to determine the technical condition of the elements of the car by indirect signs is the essence of the diagnostic process.

When solving issues of technical diagnostics, the number of entered vehicle states can be different.

At general diagnosis elements that ensure traffic safety, there are two states: serviceable and faulty.

General diagnostics of a car is carried out according to diagnostic parameters that characterize its general technical condition, without identifying a specific malfunction.

The selection of two states of the element eliminates the very important issue of predicting its correct operation in a certain range of mileage, i.e. it is necessary to single out and compose a class of intermediate or preliminary states, which are determined by forecasting.

The purpose of forecasting- diagnosing the future state of the car elements.

In this case, an in-depth diagnostics of the vehicle elements that ensure its performance is carried out.

Element-by-element (in-depth) diagnostics car, unit, unit is carried out according to diagnostic parameters characterizing their technical condition with the identification of the place, cause and nature of the malfunction and failure.

The technical condition of the vehicle elements is assessed by a certain sequence in the performance of checks included in the diagnostic program.

A check is a set of operations performed on a diagnostic object in order to obtain some result that can be used to judge the state of a particular element.

The failure of the vehicle as a whole may be due to the failure of one or more elements. Distinguish between subjective and objective search for failures and faults.

Subjective search based on the experience and skills of the human operator and usually without the use of tools.

Subjective diagnosis is understood as the determination of diagnostic parameters that can be assessed with the help of the sense organs of a mechanic-diagnostician or with the use of individual simple means to amplify the signal, given experience and knowledge.

Objective search, in addition to human activity, necessarily provides for a functioning diagnostic system that allows you to obtain fixed numerical values ​​of the estimated parameters.

Objective diagnostics is the process of diagnosing, carried out with the help of control and measuring equipment, instruments and tools.

The determination of the technical condition of the elements of the car is carried out by comparing the obtained indicators of the output parameters with their limiting values.

There are two types of search for failures in vehicle elements: combinational and consistent.

At combinational Checking the condition of the car and its elements is determined by performing a given number of checks, the order of which is arbitrary. Identification of faulty nodes is carried out after all the specified checks.

Sequential checks are made in a certain order, from a general check of the entire car as a whole to checks of mechanisms, systems, interfaces, parts. The need for a subsequent check is dictated by the result of the previous one. Such a check is called conditional, in contrast to unconditional, which is performed in a certain order for all parameters. The most appropriate is a sequential conditional check of the car.

The diagnostic system and the complex of diagnostic equipment at a motor transport enterprise should be considered from the point of view of its organization, functioning and economic efficiency.

It is very convenient to take the parameters of output accompanying or work processes as indirect signs or symptoms of a faulty technical condition of an object without disassembling it, since the output parameters, by the very essence of this concept, can be determined from the outside, they are measurable. However, not every output parameter can become a diagnostic parameter; used in diagnostic operations. To do this, the parameter must meet the following requirements:

· uniqueness, i.e. to each value of the structural parameter,

characterizing the technical condition of the object, corresponds to only one, well-defined value of the parameter of the output process;

· sensitivity, those. change of the structural parameter should

correspond to the greatest possible change in the output parameter

· accessibility and convenience parameter measurement.

The requirements for diagnostic parameters must be satisfied under various speed, load and thermal modes of operation of the object being diagnosed. Therefore, in the process of diagnosing, various devices, which set or maintain the operating modes of the object, which are the most favorable in terms of the information content of the measured diagnostic parameter and, therefore, optimal for making a diagnosis.

The initial value of the diagnostic parameter characterizes the complete serviceability of the diagnostic object and corresponds to the nominal value of the structural parameter. All subsequent values ​​of the diagnostic parameter, compared with the initial value, indicate the degree of deviation of the structural parameter of the object from the nominal value. Knowing the dependence of the value of the structural parameter on the operating time, one can draw a conclusion about the spent resource and predict (predict) the residual resource of the object.

Diagnostic symptoms and parameters according to the volume, nature and interdependence of the information they provide about a malfunction or failure of the diagnosed object are grouped into three groups:

· private diagnostic symptoms (parameters) that

independently of others, they indicate a very specific malfunction of a node or mechanism.

· general (integral) diagnostic symptoms,

characterizing the technical condition of the diagnostic object as a whole. The integral symptoms include, for example, engine power at a given speed mode, the total circumferential play of the transmission units, the overall noise level of the unit, and a number of others. Integral symptoms do not give indications of a specific malfunction;

· interdependent (sympto-complexes) diagnostic

symptoms or parameters that characterize a malfunction only by the combination of several parameters detected and measured simultaneously. For example, scorching or a loose fit to the intake valve seat can be detected when two symptoms are present at the same time.

Diagnostic parameter limit should be appointed based on the results of research work and operational data according to three main criteria:

technical criterion, taking into account that the node or interface has reached the limit state: destruction (breakage) or scuffing, jamming.

For example, shaft breakage, ball bearing destruction, piston jamming in the cylinder, and similar cases.

Efficiency criterion (technical and economic criterion), which takes into account the decrease in the efficiency of using the car below the permissible limit.

For example, a decrease in power, an increase in fuel or lubricant consumption, an increase in the cost of Maintenance and for spare parts above the established norms.

Functional criterion, taking into account the deterioration in the convenience of driving, the decrease in traffic safety. For example, overheating of units, increased noise, slipping of the clutch and similar signs of the limit state of the car or its units.

Some of these criteria are set in a directive, others are written in the technical documentation for the car and its operation. In some cases, due to the lack of official sources, the limit values ​​of diagnostic parameters are accepted in motor transport enterprises based on the experience of operating and repairing vehicles in this ATP.

In the process of operational management of vehicle performance, along with general statistical information, individual information is needed that reflects the level of technical condition of a particular vehicle, system, unit, or part. Obtaining such information is possible by directly measuring the parameters of the technical condition of a given vehicle and comparing their current values ​​with the standards.

The car is a complex technical system. As you know, a qualitative measure that allows you to assess the state of the system or its elements, as well as the manifestation of the properties of the system, is a parameter (indicator). From the point of view of assessing the state of the system and the manifestation of its properties, there are parameters structural and weekend.

Each of the elements of the system, which is a car or a unit, and each of the simplest interfaces can be evaluated using one or more structural and output parameters. The system is evaluated by a set of parameters reflecting the state of individual elements, interfaces and their properties.

During the operation of the car, the current values ​​of the parameters of its state change from the initial or nominal values ​​to the limit ones.

The formation of possible vehicle states is determined by a set of normative values ​​of the state parameters.

The nominal and limit values ​​of the parameters of vehicles, their assemblies, assemblies and parts must be established by manufacturers in the industry normative and technical documentation, consistent with the national system of standards and industry normative documents operating industries and departments, taking into account the specific operating conditions.

Based on the analysis and classification according to the method of assignment or determination, the normative values ​​of the parameters can be divided into three groups.

To first group include normative values ​​set at the level of state standards or other governing documents of national importance. The standards of this group are assigned to the parameters of systems that ensure the safety of the car and determine its impact on the environment.

Co. second group include parameter standards, the change of which does not depend on the operating conditions of vehicles, but is determined only by design and technological factors, such as the materials used, manufacturing technology, shape and dimensions, etc. These standards are usually set out in specifications manufacturer or in the instructions for use of the product, and these recommendations are equally valid for various conditions operation.

To third group include standards for parameters, the change of which, depending on the operating time, is significantly influenced by operating conditions. In this case, the standard values ​​of the same parameter for vehicles running on various types transportation, can differ significantly (by 1.5-2 times).

It must be borne in mind that the determined maximum permissible value of the parameter for objects of the same name included in the sample will have natural dispersion. Because of this, in the boundary regions of the dispersion, approximated by the theoretical distribution law, the same values ​​of the parameter can correspond to both a good and a faulty (pre-failure) state. Therefore, the level of probability a, which determines the purpose of the boundary for classifying an object as a healthy or faulty state, is determined taking into account errors of the first and second kind, which are possible when using this parameter.

Under type one error understand the recognition of a serviceable object as defective, and under type II error is understood as skipping a fault when a faulty object is recognized as fit for further operation.

Errors of the first kind lead to unjustified dismantling and assembly and control work, car downtime for repairs. Errors of the second kind lead to the occurrence of emergency linear or road failures of cars or to significant losses due to increased fuel consumption, increased tire wear rate, and reduced battery life.

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF RUSSIA Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "Maikop State Technological University" Faculty of Engineering and Economics Department of Service of Transport and Technological Machines and Equipment APPROVED Dean of the Faculty of Engineering and Economics ______________ M.K. Bedanokov "____" ________________20 WORKING PROGRAM for discipline V.V.3.2 Methods and means of troubleshooting in diagnosing in the direction of training bachelors 190600.62 Operation of transport and technological machines and complexes according to the training profile Automotive service Qualification (degree) of a graduate Bachelor Maikop The work program is compiled on the basis of the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education and the curriculum of the Moscow State Technical University for the preparation of bachelors 190600.62 Operation of transport and technological machines and complexes (road transport) Compiler of the work program Associate Professor, Ph.D. (position, academic title, degree) A.M. Artamonov (full name) _____________ (signature) The work program was approved at a meeting of the Department of Transport and Technological Machinery and Equipment Service (name of the department) Head of the department "___" ________ 20__ _____________ (signature) Approved by the scientific and methodological commission of the faculty (where the training is carried out) M.A. Meretukov (full name) "___" _________ 20__ Chairman of the scientific and methodological council of the specialty (where training is carried out) _______________ (signature) M.A. Meretukov (full name) Dean of the faculty (where the training is carried out) "___" _________ 20_. ________________ (signature) M.K. Bedanokov (full name) AGREED: Head of UMU "___" _________ 20__ ______________ (signature) G.A. Guk (full name) graduating department in the direction (specialty) ______________ (signature) M.A. Meretukov (full name) 1. Aims and objectives of mastering the discipline The discipline "Methods and means of troubleshooting in diagnosing" is aimed at mastering by students the existing methods and technical means for diagnosing the technical condition of a car and its main units. Accurate and timely diagnostics of malfunctions, wear and tear, failures in the operation of vehicle components allows you to optimize the volume and structure of technological processes for restoring the technical condition of vehicles, and significantly increase their efficiency. The purpose of discipline is to master theoretical foundations , principles and methods of diagnostics and troubleshooting in vehicle units and systems. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to solve the following tasks: - mastering the main provisions of technical diagnostics of a car and its units; - participation as part of a team of performers in the development of projects for objects of professional activity, taking into account mechanical, technological, aesthetic, environmental and economic requirements; - participation in the team of performers in the design of parts, mechanisms, machines, their equipment and assemblies; - the use of information technology in the design and development as part of a team of performers of new types of transport and transport equipment, as well as transport enterprises; - efficient use of materials, equipment, appropriate algorithms and programs for calculating the parameters of technological processes; - organization and effective implementation of quality control of spare parts, components and materials, production control of technological processes, quality of products and services; - ensuring the safety of operation (including environmental), storage, maintenance, repair and service of transport and transport equipment, safe working conditions for personnel; - implementation of effective engineering solutions into practice; - information search and analysis of information on research objects; - technical, organizational support and implementation of research; - participation in the team of performers in the analysis of research results and the development of proposals for their implementation. 2. The place of the discipline in the structure of the BEP of the bachelor's degree The discipline is included in the list of courses of the variable (profile) part of the professional cycle of the BEP. The variable (profile) part makes it possible to expand and deepen the knowledge, skills and abilities determined by the content of the basic (mandatory) disciplines (modules), allows the student to gain in-depth knowledge and skills for successful professional activity and for continuing professional education in the master's program. The study of the discipline "Methods and tools for troubleshooting when diagnosing / Mechanisms and devices for car repair" is inextricably linked with the knowledge gained in the study of disciplines: "Higher Mathematics", "Physics", "Theoretical Mechanics", "Theory of Machines and Mechanisms", " Machine parts", "Strength of materials", "Power units", "Dynamics and strength of machines", etc. The studied discipline, along with other special disciplines, forms a high level of a road transport specialist. 3. Competences of the student, formed as a result of mastering the discipline As a result of mastering the discipline, the student must: know: the physical foundations of the diagnostic methods used, the main diagnostic parameters, types and capabilities of diagnostic equipment, features of diagnostic technological processes; electric drive mechanisms; hydraulic drive mechanisms; pneumatic drive mechanisms; choice of drive type; synthesis of lever mechanisms; optimization methods in the synthesis of mechanisms using computers; synthesis of mechanisms by the method of approximation of functions; synthesis of transmission mechanisms; synthesis according to the positions of links; synthesis of guide mechanisms, classification of mechanisms, components and parts; fundamentals of mechanism design, development stages; requirements for parts, performance criteria and factors influencing them. Mechanical transmissions: gear, worm, planetary, wave, lever, friction, belt, chain, screw-nut transmissions; calculation of gears for strength; shafts and axles, design and strength and stiffness calculations; rolling and plain bearings, selection and strength calculations; sealing devices; designs of bearing assemblies (PK-3, PK-5, PK-6, PK-13, PK-14). be able to: on the basis of diagnostic information, identify malfunctions of vehicle components and assemblies, determine the need for adjustment or repair actions, predict the remaining resource and set the time for re-diagnosis. perform graphic construction of parts and assemblies, use design and technological documentation in an amount sufficient to solve operational problems; to carry out a rational choice of structural and operational materials; perform standard types of layout, kinematic, dynamic and strength calculations; perform technical measurements of mechanical, gas-dynamic and electrical parameters of TiTTMO, use modern measuring instruments; perform diagnostics and analysis of the causes of malfunctions, failures and breakdowns of TiTTMO parts and assemblies; use the available regulatory and reference documentation (PC-5, PC - 6). own: the skills of organizing the technical operation of transport and transport - technological machines and complexes; methods for performing standardization and certification procedures; ability to work in small engineering teams; methods safe work and methods of labor protection (PC-3, PC-5, PC-6, PC-13, PC-14). 4. Scope of discipline and types academic work The total labor intensity of the discipline is 3 credit units (108 hours). 4.1. Scope of discipline and types of study work for general education semesters Total Type of study hours/c.u. 8 Classroom activities (total) 27/0.75 27/0.75 Including: Lectures (L) 18/0.5 18/0.5 Practical exercises (PL) Seminars (S) Laboratory work (LR) 9/ 0.25 9/0.25 Independent work of students (SIW) (total) 54/1.5 54/1.5 Including: Course project (work) Settlement and graphic works Abstract 36/1 36/1 Other types of IWS (if provided, a list of types of SRS is given) Drawing up a plan-outline 18/0.5 18/0.5 Form of intermediate certification: test Total labor intensity 108/3.0 108/3.0 4.2. Scope of discipline and types of study work for the West Federal District Type of study work Classroom studies (total) Including: Lectures (L) Practical classes (PZ) Seminars (C) Laboratory work (LR) Independent work of students (SIW) (total) Including : Course project (work) Settlement and graphic work Abstract Other types of IWS (if provided, a list of types of IWS) 1. Drawing up a plan-outline 2. Abstracting articles 3. Preparation of a creative essay. Form of intermediate attestation: credit Total labor intensity Total hours/c.u. 10/0.28 Semester 9 10/0.28 6/0.17 6/0.17 4/0.11 98/2.72 4/0.11 98/2.72 24/0.67 24/0 .67 20/0.55 27/0.75 27/0.75 - 20/0.55 27/0.75 27/0.75 - 108/3 108/3 5. Structure and content of the discipline 5.1. The structure of the discipline for students CPE Types of study work, including independent and laboriousness (in hours) Week Section of the discipline of the semester L S / P Z LR SRS Forms of current progress control (by weeks of the semester) No. p / p Form of intermediate certification (by semesters) Section I Diagnosis of the general technical condition of the car 1. Basic concepts of Frontal survey, diagnostics Discussion of abstracts of cars, protection 1 2 -2 Diagnosis of 18 laboratory works of the car as a whole Intermediate testing, discussion of abstracts Section II. Diagnostics of the technical condition of the engine and its systems Diagnostics of the technical condition of the engine Diagnostics of the engine power system 3 2 2 16 Diagnostics of the lubrication and cooling systems Section III. Diagnostics of transmission units and running gear 2. Diagnostics of vehicle transmission 2 Diagnostics 5 2 18 technical condition of the running gear Section IV. Diagnostics of the brake system and steering 4 Diagnostics of the technical condition of the brake system 7 2 2 16 Frontal survey, testing Intermediate testing, protection of laboratory work 3. 5 Steering diagnostics 9 Intermediate qualification. TOTAL: 1 1 15 Intermediate testing, frontal survey Intermediate testing, frontal survey, defense of laboratory work Intermediate testing, frontal survey, defense of laboratory work Oral test 9 9 81 5.2. The structure of the discipline for students of the West Federal District Types of educational work, including independent and laboriousness (in hours) Week No. Section of the discipline semester p / p a L S / PZ LR SRS Section I. Diagnostics of the general technical condition of a car 1. Basic concepts of car diagnostics Diagnosis 1 2 1 23 cars in general Forms of current progress control (by week of the semester) Form of intermediate certification (by semesters) Frontal survey, Discussion of abstracts, defense of laboratory works Intermediate testing, discussion of abstracts Section II. Diagnostics of the technical condition of the engine and its systems Diagnostics of the technical condition of the engine Diagnostics of the engine power system 3 2 1 17 Diagnostics of the lubrication and cooling systems Section III. Diagnosis of transmission units and running gear 2. Frontal survey, testing Intermediate testing, protection of laboratory work Diagnostics of the car's transmission Intermediate 1 Diagnostics 5 1 18 testing, technical frontal survey of the state of the running gear Section IV. Diagnostics of the brake system and steering 3. 4 5 Diagnostics of the technical condition of the brake system 7 1 - 20 - 1 20 Diagnostics of the steering 9 Intermediate certification. TOTAL: Oral test 6 4 Intermediate testing, frontal survey, defense of laboratory work Intermediate testing, frontal survey, defense of laboratory work 98 5.3. The content of the sections of the discipline "Methods and tools for troubleshooting when diagnosing" Lecture course No. p / p 1. Name of the topic of the discipline Diagnosis of the general technical condition of the car technical condition of vehicles during operation. The purpose and physical basis of car diagnostics. Structural parameters and parameters of vehicle output processes. Diagnostic signs and parameters. Properties of diagnostic parameters: unambiguity, sensitivity, information content, completeness of control, stability, differentiating ability, manufacturability, economy. diagnostic standards. Diagnostic methods, their physical essence and classification. The choice of diagnostic parameters for assessing the technical condition. Establishing diagnosis. Revealing the relationship between structural and diagnostic parameters. Structural-investigative models and diagnostic matrices. Means of technical diagnostics, their classification. Organization and types of diagnostics during vehicle maintenance: express diagnostics, general diagnostics D-1, element-by-element diagnostics D-2, targeted diagnostics, combined diagnostics. Devices and diagnostic equipment for stationary conditions, and modern on-board microprocessor systems for diagnosing. Competences being formed PC-3, PC-5, PC-6, PC-13 Learning outcomes (know, be able, master) Know: the physical foundations of the diagnostic methods used, the main diagnostic parameters, types and capabilities of diagnostic equipment, features of diagnostic technological processes; electric drive mechanisms; hydraulic drive mechanisms; pneumatic drive mechanisms Be able to: perform graphical construction of parts and assemblies, use design and technological documentation in an amount sufficient to solve operational problems. Possess: the skills of organizing the technical operation of transport and educational technologies and Slide lectures, the use of methods of problematic presentation of the material No. p / p 2. Name of the subject of the discipline Labor intensity (hours / credits) OFO Diagnostics 2 / 0.05 technical 5 condition engine and its systems Content Competences being formed Results of development (know, be able, own) ZFO 2/0.055 Change in the technical condition of the engine during PC-3, operation. Signs of deterioration in the technical condition of the PC-5 engine. General assessment of the technical condition of the engine. PC-6 Determination of effective power by braking and non-braking methods. Methods for diagnosing the technical condition of the engine according to the parameters of the tightness of working volumes. Evaluation of the state of the cylinder-piston group and instruments for measuring compression, the degree of rarefaction, the amount of leakage compressed air: compressometers and compressographs, pneumotesters, vacuum analyzers, gas flow indicators. Vibroacoustic methods for diagnosing the technical condition of the engine. Listening with mechanical and electronic stethoscopes. Oscillographic method of registration of oscillatory processes. Method of registration and analysis of the entire spectrum of oscillatory processes. Stands for vibroacoustic diagnostics of engines. Diagnosis by parameters of crankcase oil. Element-by-element diagnostics of the engine: checking the tightening of threaded connections for fastening the cylinder head, adjusting thermal clearances in the valve mechanism, checking the elasticity of valve springs, measuring the total clearance in the crank mechanism, examining parts using endoscopes. Diagnostics of engines with microprocessor control of working processes. Scheme of the microprocessor control system, its elements and the principle of transport technological machines and complexes. Know: the physical foundations of the diagnostic methods used, the main diagnostic parameters, types and capabilities of diagnostic equipment, features of diagnostic technological processes; electric drive mechanisms; hydraulic drive mechanisms; pneumatic drive of mechanisms To be able to: work with regulatory documents, Possess: the skills of organizing the technical operation of transport and transport technological machines and complexes. Educational technologies and Slide lectures, the use of methods of problematic presentation of the material No. p / p 3. Name of the topic of the discipline Labor intensity (hours / credits) OFO Diagnostics 2 / 0.05 of units 5 of transmission and chassis. Content Formed competencies Results of mastering (to know, be able to, own) WFD actions. The principle of diagnosing failures of the microprocessor control system by built-in means. Use for reading fault codes of a diagnostic lamp and a scanner (tester) connected using a diagnostic connector. Characteristic failures of elements of the engine control system. Restoration of the technical condition of the microprocessor-based engine control system using the troubleshooting algorithms provided by the manufacturer (diagnostic cards). Sets of instruments and devices for diagnosing: an electrical probe, a special tester, an oscilloscope-multimer, a spark gap, a probe for the injector circuit, a fuel pressure gauge, a device for checking injectors, a fuel pressure gauge, Vacuum pump, a high-voltage wire puller, a set of adapters, a pressure gauge for measuring pressure in the exhaust system. The main malfunctions of transmission units and their PC-3, signs. Methods for diagnosing the technical condition of PC-5, transmission units: checking transmission units when PC-6 is driving; determination of the magnitude of power losses in the transmission; testing on a load stand with checking the clutch for slippage and diagnosing the gearbox, cardan shaft and rear axle for the degree of gearing wear according to noise characteristics; measurement of the total angular clearance in the transmission units; determination of the concentration of wear products in lubricant ; monitoring the condition of gears using fiber optic devices. Instruments and equipment for diagnosing transmission units: a drum stand for testing traction; electric drive mechanisms; hydraulic drive mechanisms; Educational technologies and Slide lecture, lecture conversation No. p / p Name of the topic of the discipline Labor intensity (hours / credits) General education Content Formed competencies Results of mastering (know, be able, own) the West Federal District of the economic qualities of a car; stroboscopic device for checking clutch slip; a device for assessing the total angular clearance in the transmission; a device for checking the value of the runout of cardan shafts, endoscopes for examining transmission units in internal cavities. Diagnosis of hydromechanical and automatic transmissions. Scheme of control of an automatic transmission (automatic transmission). Built-in diagnostic lamp and a special diagnostic connector for reading automatic transmission fault codes. Typical malfunctions that occur during the operation of the automatic transmission and their causes. Identification of failures and malfunctions of automatic transmission using an autotester. Diagnostic methods for checking the performance of automatic transmissions: oil pressure control; tests on a dyno with the task of test speed and load modes; diagnostics by fault codes for automatic transmissions with electronic control; diagnosing by the frequency of rotation of the crankshaft of the engine without a dyno; determining the moments of gear shifting by speed during smooth “acceleration” of the car on unloaded drums of the dyno. pneumatic drive mechanisms To be able to: make a rational choice of structural and operational materials; perform standard types of layout, kinematic, dynamic and strength calculations. Possess: the skills of organizing the technical operation of transport and transport technological machines and complexes. Educational technologies and №№ p / p 4. Name of the topic of the discipline Labor intensity (hours / credits) General education Competences formed Results of development (know, be able, own) ZFO Diagnostics 2 / 0.05 of the brake 5 system and steering. 2/0.055 TOTAL 6/0.17 9/0.25 Content Malfunctions of the brake system of the car and their PC-3, main signs. Parameters of general and element-by-element PC-5, diagnostics of the brake system. General PC-6 diagnosing the braking system of a car on the road by braking distance, by deceleration using decelerometers. Built-in brake diagnostics. General stationary express diagnostics of the brake system using platform stands of inertial and power type. Element-by-element diagnostics of brakes on inertial stands with running drums and power stands with rollers. Stands with the use of adhesion forces for scrolling the braked wheels and without the use of these forces. The principle of operation of inertial stands. Determination of the braking distance, deceleration, measurement of the braking torque on the inertial stand. The principle of operation of power stands using wheel adhesion forces. Measurement of brake forces on the power stand, removal of the brake diagram, determination of the specific braking force. Static power stands for diagnosing car brakes. Stands for carrying out complex traction and power tests and diagnosing brakes. Know: the physical foundations of the diagnostic methods used, the main diagnostic parameters, types and capabilities of diagnostic equipment, features of diagnostic technological processes; electric drive mechanisms; hydraulic drive mechanisms; pneumatic drive mechanisms Be able to: work with regulatory documents. Possess: the skills of organizing the technical operation of transport and transport technological machines and complexes. Educational technologies and Slide lectures, the use of problem presentation methods 5.4. Practical and seminar classes, their name, content and volume in hours No. Section No., topic Item No. 5.5. Laboratory classes, their name and volume in hours Section number Name of the discipline of laboratory work 1. Diagnostics of the general technical condition of the car 2. Diagnostics of the technical condition of the engine and systems 3. Diagnostics of the transmission units of the chassis OFO WFD Methods for diagnosing the technical condition of the engine according to the parameters of the tightness of the working volumes. Assessment of the state of the cylinder-piston group and instruments for measuring compression, the degree of rarefaction, the magnitude of compressed air leaks: compression meters and compression graphs, pneumotesters, vacuum analyzers, gas flow indicators. Vibroacoustic diagnostic methods 3/0.083 of engine technical condition. Listening with mechanical and electronic stethoscopes. Oscillographic method of registration of oscillatory processes. Method of registration and analysis of the entire spectrum of oscillatory processes. Stands for vibroacoustic diagnostics of engines. Methods for diagnosing the power supply system by the composition of exhaust gases. Influence on the composition of exhaust gases of the value of the coefficient of excess air. The principle of operation of gas analyzers based on the thermal conductivity of exhaust gases, the intensity of catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide 2 / 0.055 CO and the absorption of its infrared radiation by exhaust gases. Determination of hydrocarbon content by ionization-plasma method. Devices for determining the content of nitrogen oxides based on the chemical luminescent effect. Smoke measurement methods. The principle of operation of smoke meters. Methods for diagnosing the technical condition of the chassis: checking the play in the wheel bearings and kingpins 2 / 0.055 and pivot pins; check of play in threaded, ball and other joints 1/0.03 1/0.03 4. suspension units; checking the condition of the tires and the pressure in them; checking the overall geometry of the frame (body), the parallelism of the installation of bridges; checking the angles of the steered wheels; checking the condition of elastic suspension elements (springs and springs); checking the operation of shock absorbers; wheel balance check. Methods for diagnosing steering: determining the free play of the steering wheel; measurement of the total friction force in Steering Diagnostics; assessment of the state of the brake system of fasteners and steering rod joints; check 2 / 0.055 and steering tension of the drive belt of the power steering pump; oil level control in the pump reservoir; pressure control developed by the hydraulic booster pump. Total: 9/0.25 2/0.055 4/0.11 5.6. Approximate subjects of course projects (works) The course project (work) is not provided by the curriculum. 5.7. Independent work of students 5.7.1. The content and volume of independent work of students of the CPE List of homework Sections and topics of work assignments and others Volume in hours study 2. The choice of diagnostic Writing an essay 1 week 6 / 0.16 parameters to assess the technical condition. Establishing diagnosis. Revealing the relationship between structural and diagnostic parameters. Structural-investigative models and diagnostic matrices. Means of technical diagnostics, their classification. 3. Diagnostics and testing Writing a plan - 2 weeks 8 / 0.22 cars for traction - synopsis of speed properties using roller and drum stands. Tests for steady and unsteady motion modes. Automated stands for reproducing the total resistance to vehicle movement. Diagnostics of engines with microprocessor control of working processes. Scheme of the microprocessor control system, its elements and principle of operation. The principle of diagnosing failures of the microprocessor control system by built-in means. Use for reading fault codes of a diagnostic lamp and a scanner (tester) connected using a diagnostic connector. Characteristic failures of elements of the engine control system. 5. Instruments for assessing the state of low and high pressure systems. Diagnostics of the high pressure fuel pump (TNVD). Devices for checking the condition of plunger pairs, tightness of the discharge valve, determining the fuel injection advance angle (momentoscopes), checking nozzles, portable smoke meters. Stands for diagnostics of injection pump; universal stands for testing diesel fuel equipment. 6. Devices for monitoring the cooling system: a device for checking thermostats; a device for checking the tightness of the cooling system by pressing with compressed air with the engine running; belt tensioner. 7. Diagnosis of hydromechanical and automatic transmissions. Scheme of control of an automatic transmission (automatic transmission). 4. Writing an abstract of the plan - 3 weeks 4/0.11 Writing an abstract 4 weeks 8/0.22 Writing an outline of the plan - 5 weeks 4/0.11 Writing an outline of the plan - 6 weeks 6/0.16 Built-in diagnostic lamp and a special diagnostic connector for reading automatic transmission fault codes. Typical malfunctions that occur during the operation of the automatic transmission and their causes. 8. Stands for static and dynamic balancing of wheels removed from the car and directly on the car; vibration stands for diagnosing shock absorbers directly on the car and power stands for checking removed shock absorbers; stands for geometry control and car body straightening. 9. The principle of operation of power stands using wheel adhesion forces. Measurement of brake forces on the power stand, removal of the brake diagram, determination of the specific braking force. Static power stands for diagnosing car brakes. Stands for carrying out complex traction and power tests and diagnosing brakes. 10. Steering malfunctions and their symptoms. Methods for diagnosing steering: determining the free play of the steering wheel; measurement of the total friction force in the steering; assessment of the state of fastenings and hinges of steering rods; checking the tension of the power steering pump drive belt; oil level control in the pump reservoir; pressure control developed by the hydraulic booster pump. Total Writing an abstract 7 week 4/0.11 Writing a summary of the plan - 8 weeks 6/0.16 Writing a summary of the plan - 9 weeks 8/0.22 54/1.5 5.7.2. The content and volume of independent work of students of the West Federal District List of homework Sections and topics of work assignments and others Volume in hours study 2. The choice of diagnostic Writing an essay 1 week 16/0.44 parameters to assess the technical condition. Establishing diagnosis. Revealing the relationship between structural and diagnostic parameters. Structural-investigative models and diagnostic matrices. Means of technical diagnostics, their classification. 3. Diagnostics and testing Writing a plan - 2 weeks 14 / 0.39 cars for traction and summary of speed properties using roller and drum stands. Tests for steady and unsteady motion modes. Automated stands for reproducing the total resistance to vehicle movement. 4. Diagnosis of engines with Writing a plan - 3 weeks 10/0.28 microprocessor summary of workflow management. Scheme of the microprocessor control system, its elements and principle of operation. The principle of diagnosing failures of the microprocessor control system by built-in means. Use for reading fault codes of a diagnostic lamp and a scanner (tester) connected using a diagnostic connector. Characteristic failures of elements of the engine control system. 5. Instruments for assessing the condition Writing an abstract 4 weeks 8/0.22 low and high pressure systems. Diagnostics of the high pressure fuel pump (TNVD). Devices for checking the condition of plunger pairs, tightness of the discharge valve, determining the fuel injection advance angle (momentoscopes), checking nozzles, portable smoke meters. Stands for diagnostics of injection pump; universal stands for testing diesel fuel equipment. 6. Devices for monitoring the cooling system: a device for checking thermostats; a device for checking the tightness of the cooling system by pressing with compressed air with the engine running; belt tensioner. 7. Diagnosis of hydromechanical and automatic transmissions. Scheme of control of an automatic transmission (automatic transmission). Built-in diagnostic lamp and a special diagnostic connector for reading automatic transmission fault codes. Typical malfunctions that occur during the operation of the automatic transmission and their causes. 8. Stands for static and dynamic balancing of wheels removed from the car and directly on the car; vibration stands for diagnosing shock absorbers directly on the car and power stands for checking removed shock absorbers; stands for geometry control and car body straightening. Writing a summary of the plan - 5 weeks 4 / 0.11 Writing a summary of the plan - 6 weeks 18 / 0.5 7 weeks 4 / 0.11 Writing an abstract 9. The principle of operation of power stands using wheel adhesion forces. Measurement of brake forces on the power stand, removal of the brake diagram, determination of the specific braking force. Static power stands for diagnosing car brakes. Stands for carrying out complex traction and power tests and diagnosing brakes. 10. Steering malfunctions and their symptoms. Methods for diagnosing steering: determining the free play of the steering wheel; measurement of the total friction force in the steering; assessment of the state of fastenings and hinges of steering rods; checking the tension of the power steering pump drive belt; oil level control in the pump reservoir; pressure control developed by the hydraulic booster pump. Total Writing a summary of the plan - 8 weeks 6 / 0.16 Writing a summary of the plan - 9 weeks 18 / 0.5 98 / 2.72 6. Evaluation tools for ongoing monitoring of progress, intermediate certification based on the results of development 6.1. Test tasks for current control Block 1 1. Technical diagnostics is: 1) a field of science that studies and establishes signs of malfunctions of machines and their mechanisms, develops methods and means by which a conclusion is given (diagnosed) about the nature and essence of malfunctions; 2) a field of science that eliminates malfunctions of machines and their mechanisms, develops methods and means by which a conclusion is given (diagnosis is made) about the nature and essence of malfunctions; 3) a field of science that develops methods and means by which a conclusion is given (diagnosis is made) about the nature and essence of malfunctions; 4) the process of determining the technical condition by in-place, objective and subjective methods; 5) the process of determining the technical condition of the car using control and measuring tools, special equipment and instruments. 2. The subjective search for failures includes: 1) Human activity and a functioning diagnostic system that allows obtaining fixed numerical values ​​of the estimated parameters; 2) The process of diagnosing, carried out with the help of instrumentation, equipment and tools; 3) Determining the state of the car and its elements by setting the number of checks, the order of which is arbitrary; 4) Identification of vehicles (among those in use), the technical condition of which does not meet the requirements for traffic safety, using instrumentation, equipment and tools; 5) determination of diagnostic parameters that can be assessed with the help of the sense organs of a mechanic-diagnostician or with the use of individual simple means to amplify the signal if experience and knowledge are available. 3. Linear diagnostics of cars: 1) Carried out by units and mechanisms that ensure the safety of the car, using control and measuring equipment operating on the principle: serviceable, defective; 2) It is carried out on the nodes and mechanisms of the car, using instrumentation operating on the principle: serviceable, faulty, and highlighting an intermediate class of parameter values ​​in order to predict failures by periodically fixing the current parameter values; 3) It is carried out on nodes and mechanisms, using instrumentation, where wear, vibration, noise, knocks, violations of adjustments are possible; 4) Responsible for the driver, who uses both an objective assessment, using instruments on the dashboard, and a subjective one, through his senses (vision, hearing, smell, touch); 5) It is carried out using various diagnostic tools, before the TO-1, with inclusion in the general diagnostic complex at the ATP. 4. Measurement of losses to overcome friction forces in the mechanisms of the car allows you to: 1) Determine the technical condition of the units and mechanisms of the running gear as a whole; 2) Determine the working state of the clutch mechanism; 3) To identify violations of the adjustments of various mechanisms and the strength of threaded connections; 4) Diagnose all movable mates that create impact loads; 5) Determine the working condition of the brake mechanisms. 5. Exclude the process that is not included in the parameters of complex diagnostics (stage 1): 1) Engine power; 2) Fuel consumption; 3) Efficiency for transmission units and running gear; 4) Braking properties and noise level in mechanisms; 5) Inspection of the technical condition of the mechanisms and identification of the causes of the malfunction. 6. Technical diagnostic tools are: 1) Technical devices designed to measure the current values ​​of diagnostic parameters; 2) Technical devices designed to measure complex values ​​of diagnostic parameters; 3) Technical devices designed for element-by-element diagnostics; 4) Technical devices designed for general diagnostics; 5) Technical devices designed to determine the technical condition of the car. 7. Generator sensors are: 1) Sensors in which the measured parameter is converted directly into an electrical signal; 2) Sensors in which the measured value is converted into an electrical circuit parameter - resistance, capacitance, inductance, and the sensor is powered by an external energy source; 3) Sensors in which the measured value is converted into an electrical circuit parameter - resistance, capacitance, inductance, and the sensor is self-powered; 4) Sensors in which the energy carrier of information is liquid; 5) Sensors in which the energy carrier of information is air. 8. Electrokinetic sensors are: 1) Sensors that use the dependence of the EMF of elements on the composition and concentration of solutions el. litas; 2) Sensors that use the phenomenon of the electrokinetic potential that occurs when a polar liquid is forced to flow through a porous wall; 3) Sensors that use the change in the resistance of the electrically conductive capacitance during the mutual movement of the electrodes; 4) Sensors that use the dependence of the concentration of aqueous solutions on the concentration of hydrogen ions in the solution; 5) Sensors switching el. circuit under the action of the measured parameter. 9. Exclude the process that is not included in the newly developed or in operation means of technical diagnostics: 1) Obtaining maximum information about the technical condition of the unit with a minimum number of controlled parameters through the use of dynamic diagnostic methods; 2) Ensuring high reliability of diagnosis with optimal accuracy of measuring the parameters of the technical condition; 3) Minimum labor intensity of the main and auxiliary diagnostic operations; 4) Embedded in the object of technical diagnostics; 5) Versatility (suitability for various brands of engine), simplicity and ease of use, high reliability. 10. Eliminate the element that is not included in the power supply and ignition system of the injection engine: 1) Absolute pressure sensor; 2) Sensor-measuring the amount of air passing into the combustion chamber; 3) Sensor for monitoring the oxygen content in the exhaust gases; 4) Fuel cell; 5) Fuel accumulator. 11. On the basis of diagnostic control information in production conditions, the following tasks are solved: 1) The frequency of TO-1 and TO-2 is established according to the actual changes in the parameters of the technical condition of vehicle elements, taking into account the mileage at the diagnostic posts; 2) Determine the current situation at the ATP with diagnostic support; 3) Establish the composition of diagnostic tools depending on the tasks set and the capacity of the enterprise; 4) Determine the total cost of diagnostic tools. 12. Delete the item that is not included in the concept of "Basic characteristics of sensors": 1) Linearity of the characteristic; 2) Sensitivity factor; 3) Uniformity of the perceived parameter; 4) Reliability; 5) Stability. 13. The problem when starting a serviceable engine for non-technical reasons is: 1) Water in the fuel; 2) Empty fuel tank; 3) Faulty anti-theft system; 4) Damage to the ignition lock; 5) Moisture, water on the distributor cap, high-voltage wires and their tips. 14. Electric gas analyzers work on the principle: 1) Afterburning of exhaust gases on a preheated electric. platinum filament current; 2) Measurements of the degree of absorption of infrared (thermal) radiation by individual components of the exhaust gases; 3) Measurements of the degree of absorption of ultraviolet (thermal) radiation by individual components of the exhaust gases; 4) Optical-physical interaction of opaque particles of exhaust gases with optical radiation and measurement of the absorption value. 15. Sharp dull knocks in the engine, clearly audible when the clutch pedal is released, in the crank mechanism, is a consequence of: 1) Wear of the main bearings; 2) Wear of connecting rod bearings; 3) Wear of piston rings; 4) Wear of piston skirts; 5) Cracks or burnout of pistons. Block 2 1. Eliminate the process that is not included in the faults when diagnosing: 1) the object of diagnosing; 2) human activity: 3) car activity; objective failure search and 4) diagnostic system; 5) the process of the system functioning. 2. Diagnostics of cars during the first maintenance of TO-1 (general diagnostics D-1): 1) Carried out on the nodes and mechanisms that ensure the safety of the car, using control and measuring equipment operating on the principle: serviceable, defective; 2) It is carried out on the nodes and mechanisms of the car, using instrumentation operating on the principle: serviceable, faulty, and highlighting an intermediate class of parameter values ​​in order to predict failures by periodically fixing the current parameter values; 3) It is carried out on nodes and mechanisms, using instrumentation, where wear, vibration, noise, knocks, violations of adjustments are possible; 4) It is equated to linear diagnostics and is assigned to the driver, who uses both an objective assessment, using the instruments on the dashboard, and a subjective one, through his senses (sight, hearing, smell, touch); 5) It is equated to the integral diagnostics, which is carried out using various diagnostic tools, before the TO-1, with inclusion in the general diagnostic complex at the ATP. 3. The third group of methods for diagnosing a car includes: 1) Methods for evaluating the output parameters of operational properties; 2) Methods based on an objective assessment of geometric parameters in statics; 3) Methods that evaluate pressure pulsation in pipelines and channels; 4) Methods based on simulating the speed and load modes of the car; 5) Methods that evaluate the parameters of vibroacoustic signals. 4. Checking the state of interfaces and installation dimensions allows you to: 1) Determine the operable state of cooling and lubrication systems; 2) Determine the technical condition of the units and mechanisms of the running gear as a whole; 3) Determine the technical condition of wheel bearings; 4) Determine violations of the tightness of the CPG and timing; 5) To identify violations of the adjustments of various mechanisms and the strength of threaded connections. 5. In running complex diagnostics, acceleration intensity parameters include: 1) Maximum deceleration; 2) Maximum acceleration; 3) Run-out time; 4) Run-out path; 5) Consumption during acceleration. 6. The built-in means of technical diagnostics include: 1) Stationary stands; 2) Limit state indicators; 3) Means for assessing and storing state parameters; 4) Information and advising systems; 5) Portable devices. 7. Sensors of electrical potentials are: 1) Sensors that use the dependence of the EMF of elements on the composition and concentration of solutions el. litas; 2) Sensors that use the dependence of the concentration of aqueous solutions on the concentration of hydrogen ions in the solution; 3) Sensors that use the change in the resistance of the electrically conductive capacitance during the mutual movement of the electrodes; 4) Sensors that use the phenomenon of the electrokinetic potential that occurs when a polar liquid is forced to flow through a porous wall; 5) Sensors switching el. circuit under the action of the measured parameter. 8. Strain gauge sensors are designed to measure: 1) Temperature of liquid media and surfaces of body parts; 2) Small movements; 3) Phase parameters of engine operation and rotational speed; 4) Pressures, forces, torques, relative displacements; 5) Absolute pressures, relative pressures, pressure drops, linear and angular velocities. 9. The sensor sensitivity threshold is: 1) the minimum change in the controlled value, causing a change in the output signal; 2) the maximum change in the controlled value that does not cause a change in the output signal; 3) the ratio of the change in the output signal to the change in the controlled value (input signal) that causes it; 4) the quality of the transducer, reflecting the invariability of its metrological properties over time; 5) the average difference between the values ​​of the output signal corresponding to a given point of the measurement range for two directions of slow, multiple changes in the informative parameter of the input signal in the process of approaching a given point of the measurement range. 10. Eliminate the element that is not included in the power supply and ignition system of the injection engine: 1) Starting nozzle; 2) Nozzle with electromagnetic control; 3) Nozzle with electromechanical control; 4) Fuel distributor; 5) Fuel pressure regulator. 11. On the basis of diagnostic control information in production conditions, the following tasks are solved: 1) The necessary stock of vehicle elements is established in the intermediate and central warehouses according to the actual technical condition of the rolling stock of this enterprise; 2) Establish the composition of diagnostic tools depending on the tasks set and the capacity of the enterprise; 3) Determine the total cost of diagnostic tools; 4) Set the proportion of objective diagnosis in the array of parameters of objective and subjective diagnosis. 12. Delete the item that is not included in the concept of "Basic characteristics of sensors": 1) Reliability; 2) Persistence; 3) Simplicity of design; 4) Geometric dimensions; 5) Wiring diagrams. 13. The problem when starting a serviceable engine for non-technical reasons is: 1) Water in the fuel; 2) Moisture, water on the cover of the distributor, high-voltage wires and their tips; 3) Damage to the ignition lock; 4) Poor contact of the ground wire; 5) Spark plugs filled with fuel. 14. Smoke meters work according to the principle: 1) Afterburning of exhaust gases on a preheated electric. platinum filament current; 2) Measurements of the degree of absorption of infrared (thermal) radiation by individual components of the exhaust gases; 3) Measurements of the degree of absorption of ultraviolet (thermal) radiation by individual components of the exhaust gases; 4) Optical-physical interaction of opaque particles of exhaust gases with optical radiation and measurement of the absorption value. 15. Eliminate the part that is not diagnosed in the diesel engine power system: 1) Engine speed controller; 2) injection pump; 3) TNND; 4) Nozzles. 6.2. Approximate list of questions for the test 1. Technical diagnostics. Definitions. 2. Structural parameters. Input and output parameters. 3. Subjective and objective search for failures. 4. Functional diagram of the diagnostic system. 5. Tasks solved by ATP based on diagnostic information. 6. Levels of car diagnostics at ATP. Scheme. 7. Diagnosis of the technical condition at the ATP. Structural scheme. 8. Diagnosis at TO-1. 9. Diagnosis at TO-2 and TR. 10. Schemes of production processes of ATP with the use of diagnostics. Appointment of OTK. 11. Methods for diagnosing a / m. First group. 12. Methods for diagnosing a / m. Second group. 13. Methods for diagnosing a / m. Third group. 14. Diagnostic parameters, methods and means of measurement 15. Measurement of losses to overcome friction forces in mechanisms 16. Checking the tightness of systems and interfaces 17. Analysis of noise and vibrations 18. Method for measuring gas leakage 19. Types of diagnostics according to their technological affiliation. Stationary diagnostics. 20. Means of technical diagnostics. External STD 21. Means of technical diagnostics. Built-in STD 22. Means of technical diagnostics. Installed STD 23. Sensors with electrical output signal. Classification. 24. Potentiometric sensors. 25. Strain gauge sensors. 26. Electromagnetic sensors. 27. Piezoelectric sensors. 28. Thermoelectric sensors. 29. Mechatronic sensors. 30. General technical requirements for sensors. 31. Accounting for the features of the object of diagnosis. 32. Accounting for the characteristics of the environment. 33. Requirements for sensors in a static process. 34. Requirements for sensors in a dynamic process. 35. Requirements for sensors due to design features. 36. Diagnostic models. Classification. 37. Methods of analysis of diagnostic models. 38. Scheme of a complex object of diagnosis. Characteristic. 39. Algorithms and diagnostic programs. 40. Reliability of diagnostic information. 41. Accuracy and reliability of diagnosing car elements. indirect method. 42. Accuracy and reliability of diagnosing car elements. direct method. 43. General principles for diagnosis. 44. Problems when starting a serviceable engine. Not technical reasons. 45. Problems when starting a serviceable engine. Causes in the electrical system of starting the engine. 46. ​​Problems when starting a serviceable engine. Causes in the fuel system. 47. Diagnosis of the crank and gas distribution mechanism. Devices for diagnosing. 48. Influence of CO and CH content in exhaust gases on the operation of ignition and engine power systems. 49. Smoke meters. Test procedure 50. Diagnosis of the diesel engine power system. 51. Diagnosing the power supply system of the injection engine. information sensors. 52. Diagnosing the power supply system of the injection engine. executive devices. 53. Reading ECU trouble codes without using diagnostic equipment. 54. Clearing the ECU memory without using diagnostic equipment. 55. Diagnosis of the lubrication and cooling system. 56. Diagnosis of electrical equipment. 57. Diagnosis of clutch, gearbox, cardan and final drive. 58. Diagnosing an automatic transmission. 59. Diagnosis of wheels and tires. 60. Suspension diagnostics. 61. Diagnosis of steering controls. 62. Diagnosis of braking systems 7. Educational, methodological and information support of the discipline Theory of vehicle performance: tutorial/ ON THE. Kuzmin, V.I. Peskov. - M.: Forum: Infra-M, 2013. 256 p. - Access mode: http://znanium.com/ 2. ELS "Znanium.com" Kruglik, V.M. Technology of maintenance and operation of motor vehicles: textbook / V.M. Kruglik, N.G. Sychev. - M.: New knowledge: INFRA-M, 2013. - 260 p. - Access mode: http://znanium.com/ 3. ELS "Znanium.com" Golovin, S.F. Technical service of transport vehicles and equipment: textbook / S.F. Golovin. - M.: Alfa-M: INFRA-M, 2008. - 288 p. - Access mode: http://znanium.com/ b) Additional literature: 1. Meretukov, M.A. Power units: textbook / M.A. Meretukov. Krasnodar: Publishing House - South, 2012. - 158 p. 2. EBS "Znanium.com" Car diagnostics. Workshop: educational. allowance / A.N. Kartashevich and others; ed. A.N. Kartashevich - M: Infra-M; Mn.: New knowledge, 2013-208s. - Access mode: http://znanium.com/ Normative legal documents: 1. Law of the Russian Federation "On traffic safety" 2. Law of the Russian Federation "On enterprises and entrepreneurial activity". c) software and Internet resources 1. http://automan.com.ru/ 2. http:/www. autotuning.ru/ 3. http://www.ims-oi.com/ 4. Use of INTERNET-resources when writing abstracts 5. Use of the educational computer program Microsoft Power Point to prepare the presentation of individual reports, abstracts 8. Logistics support of the discipline The material and technical support of the discipline includes: 1) the library fund of the MSTU; 2) multimedia equipment for reading lectures and presentations. 3) computer class with Internet access. Additions and changes in the work program for ________/________ academic year , signature) The work program was revised and approved at a meeting of the department _ (name of the department) "____" ___________________ 20_g. Head of Department __________________ _____________ (signature) (full name)