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Marigolds rejected (Tagetes patula) description of the plant, care and disease, watering and reproduction. Marigolds rejected (Tagetes patula) Tagetes rejected height

Tagetes, or marigolds from the Aster family, are annual or perennial flowers. The most common varieties are: tagetes deviated, erect, thin-leaved and many others. The name came from the grandson of Jupiter Tares, who was famous for his special beauty and knew how to foretell the future. The natural habitat is North and South America, where they grow rapidly from Arizona to Argentina. About fifty varieties of annual and perennial herbaceous plants are known. The stems are erect, form dense or spreading bushes from 25 to 125 cm in height, have a piercing and original aroma.

The foliage resembles divided feathers, extremely rarely whole, serrated, from bright green to brownish tones, placed oppositely or in the next formation. The buds are quite bright, the colors of the sun, lemon, orange, coffee, reddish chestnut. They can be multi-colored, one-color or complexly composed. Extreme flowers with extensive, horizontal whorls. The result of flowering is an achene. Seeds retain the ability to germinate for several years. In addition, the plant is characterized by a fairly active self-seeding.

In country crop production, as a rule, countless hybrid species are used. One of the main varietal indicators of marigolds is the structure of inflorescences. There are carnation- or chrysanthemum-shaped, double, semi-double and primitive plants.

Annual flowers. Stems are upright, up to 50 cm high, fairly sprawling from the base, lateral processes are retracted. The foliage is small, resembling a feather in shape with lanceolate parts, dark green. Flowers - baskets with a diameter of 4 to 6 cm, cup-shaped, different in shape, separate or connected in shield-shaped inflorescences. The buds are multi-colored, from bright yellow to brown and dark red. The plant has been used by flower growers since the early 16th century.

Varieties of this class are divided into types: tall - more than 60 cm, ordinary flowers; medium-sized grow up to 50 cm in height, have double flowers. Undersized - on average, their height ranges from 25 to 40 cm, with ordinary or fluffy flowers. Quite low (dwarfs) grow only up to 20 cm, with simple or terry baskets.

Upright marigolds (Tagetes erecta L)

Tagetes erect - an annual flower, a small bush, with a clearly visible central process. The stems are very branched, reach a height of 120 cm, erect, slightly ribbed, stiff at the beginning. Lateral branches are directed upwards, forming bushes resembling an inverted pyramid in shape. The foliage is divided, lanceolate in shape, with sharp parts along the edges. The color range is from light to dark green. Inflorescences are quite large, buds with a diameter of 6 to 14 cm, individual, ordinary, half-double or double, on long tall peduncles. The flowering period begins from the end of June, the beginning of July. The color palette is monotonous, from pale or rich lemon, yellow, orange to two-tone.

Species are divided by height: huge - more than 90 cm high, high - from 60 to 90 cm, low ones grow up to 40 cm.

thin-leaved plants

An undersized annual flower, reaches a height of no more than 20-40 cm. The plants are branched, with straight, leafless, bright green shoots. The foliage is small, in appearance it resembles a dissected feather with not wide, ribbed parts, with dotted glands. Placed in a specific pattern. Inflorescences are medium-sized, about 2-3 cm in circumference, elementary, on small peduncles, shield-shaped. The colors of the baskets are lemon, red, yellow-orange. The extreme foliage is single-row, consists of 5 sharp leaves, fused in the upper part. The culture produces buds in abundance. Florists have been using the plant in landscape decoration since the 1800s. More than 75 complex hybrid species have been registered. Thin-leaved tagetes are used to decorate edges, flower beds, vases, alleys, alpine slides, etc.

Marigolds are unpretentious, fast-growing, warm and light-loving, drought-tolerant flowers. The best temperature for plant cultivation is +18...+25°С. If the indicators are below 10 ° C, the foliage is covered with bloom, and development slows down. When the temperature drops to -1...-2°C, the plant dies.

Marigolds are large-flowered plants that do not require a lot of sunlight, although they become most beautiful and tall if they grow in illuminated areas (especially thin-leaved ones). Does not withstand spring and autumn frosts very well.

In the first month after planting, it is necessary to moisten and nourish the soil well enough with mineral and organic fertilizers.

The plant is able to successfully tolerate drought, but requires increased moisture in the process of growing from seeds. Otherwise, the bushes will be inconspicuous, and the flowers will be small. An excess of watering marigolds, especially erect ones, endure very negatively. In rainy times, their large flowers quickly rot. When there is a large amount of moisture in the soil, the culture dies from fungal infections of the rhizome. During spring fertilization, accelerated development is observed, but this entails a suspension of flowering.

During dry periods, tagetes marigolds are damaged spider mite. To cure plants from a pest, it is first necessary to increase watering and spray the green mass several times a day. For the absolute elimination of the tick, you should prepare an infusion based on onions, yarrow, and hot red pepper. Seedlings should be sprayed with this solution 3-4 times.

Breeding takes place with the help of seeds. In late spring and early summer, marigolds can be sown in open soil. After 7-10 days after the placement of the planting material, sprouts will appear in the ground. The ground should be covered with a special synthetic material, such as acrylic. So the sprouts will appear much earlier and abundant flowering will come sooner.

Upright marigolds can be planted in mid-March. Thin-leaved and rejected - sown in the second month of spring. If these planting dates are observed, then flowering of all varieties will be observed in early summer. If desired, you can get seedlings of marigolds on the windowsill. To do this, you need to select the brightest window. And the best method would be to get seedlings in improvised greenhouses, where the strongest and strongest marigolds will grow.

To make the seedlings healthy and strong, you need porous and nutritious soil. Its composition is peat + turf land + manure + sand in the ratio 1:1:1:0.5. The temperature must be maintained within + 18 ... + 20 ° C, watering should be moderate and constant.

Marigolds rejected are considered less capricious, but for them, as well as for narrow-leaved species, it is advisable to use freshly prepared soil, otherwise there is a high risk of infection of young plants with black foot.

Seedlings can be grown in a box, peat pot. It is advisable to make drainage (crushed stone, coarse sand, expanded clay) with a layer of about 3 cm or holes in the bottom of the container, otherwise the roots will rot. Then ⅔ of the soil is poured onto the drainage and compacted. Then the container is filled to the top with loose soil, which will allow the roots of the plant to receive oxygen. The flower seeds are large enough, which means that they can be laid out in pits with an interval of 1-1.2 cm. After germination, the seedlings should be thinned out, otherwise the seedlings may get sick and the roots will rot.

Before sowing in the ground, the grains should be wrapped in gauze or a loose cloth and soaked for several days. When the seeds hatch, they can be planted in the ground, covered with a layer of soil 1 cm thick. The pot is placed in a warm, bright room and the soil is watered. After 6 days, the first seedlings will appear. Containers with seed material should be removed to a bright place with a temperature of +18...+20°C. If the seedlings are too densely planted, you need to dive. This is done when 2-3 pairs of true leaves are visible on the plants, and the root system is large enough. It is necessary to moisten the soil well, then carefully remove the seedlings.

Tagetes roots contain a substance that helps other plants get rid of fungal infections, especially Fusarium. In addition, they can be grown for cutting, they will stand in a vase for quite a long time - about 1 month. Marigolds are a great option for decorating a garden or balcony with large-flowered compositions.

Marigolds (lat. Tagetes)- flowers that differ in many species and varieties, among them there are both annual and perennial varieties. Marigolds, or marigolds, belong to the dicotyledonous class, the superorder Asteranae, the astrocolor order, the aster family, the aster subfamily, the marigold tribe, the genus marigolds.

International scientific name: Tagetes ( Linnaeus).

Although this amazing flower was brought to Europe in the 16th century, it received its scientific name only in the middle of the 17th century, when the naturalist Carl Linnaeus created a classification of species. The scientist, amazed by the beauty of the plant, named it in honor of the beautiful Etruscan demigod Tages, who is the grandson of the supreme god Jupiter.

The Russian name “marigolds” was given to the flowers because of their petals, the surface of which resembles velvet. This feature is most pronounced in varieties with a dark color.

The British call this plant "marigold", which means "Mary's gold", the inhabitants of Germany know it as "Studentenblume" - a flower of a student, and in Ukraine these beautiful flowers are called "Chornobrivtsi", or Chernobrivtsy. For the people of China, these flowers are a symbol of health and longevity, not without reason they are called "flowers of a thousand years."

The flowering period of marigolds begins in June and lasts until frost. After its completion, a strongly flattened fetus black-brown or black. Each such seed box contains many seeds that retain their germination capacity for 3-4 years. In 1 gram, there are usually from 270 to 700 seeds.

Types and varieties of marigolds, photos and names

According to the database www.theplantlist.org, there are currently 53 species of annual or perennial marigolds, the best known of which are only 3 species (upright, deviated and thin-leaved). On their basis, breeders have bred a huge number of series and varieties. Below is a description of several varieties of marigolds.

Marigolds erect (African) ( Tagetes erecta)

This species includes annual plants with a fibrous root system. The compact or sprawling bushes formed by these marigolds are 0.4 to 1.2 meters high and have a reverse pyramidal shape. The main shoot is pronounced, the side shoots look up. The color of unpaired pinnately dissected leaves with teeth along the edges varies from light green to dark green, and they are arranged on the stem in the next order. Large monochromatic, less often two-color inflorescences in marigolds of this species can be simple, semi-double or terry. The diameter of the inflorescences varies from 5 to 13 centimeters. The flowering period begins in late June or early July and ends with the first frost. Upright marigolds are suitable for flower beds, flower beds, vases, balconies, cutting. Homeland erect marigolds - Southern Mexico.

Series and varieties of erect marigolds: Albatross, Alaska, Antigua, Velvet Season, White Moon, Snow White, Glitter, Vanilla, Hawaii, Gelber Stein, Glitters, Golden Fluffy, Hussars, Discovery, Dune, Uncle Styopa, Yellow stone, Golden dollar, Golden light, Golden prince, Golden age, Golden domes, Inca, Kilimanjaro, Astronaut, Crash, Crackerjack, Cupid, Lady, Lemon Queen, Lemon pie, Lemon prize, Lemon miracle, Maximiks, Marvel, Mary Helen, Beach season, Prima gold, Spoon, Solar Giants, Taishan, Titan, Trulli, Smile, Fiction, Flapper, Popsicle, Amber Lace.

Antigua variety. Taken from: www.hishtil.com

Marigolds rejected ( Tagetes patula)

Synonyms - French marigolds or small-flowered marigolds. This species is formed by perennial plants with numerous erect and highly branched stems, the height of which ranges from 15 to 60 centimeters. Lateral shoots rejected. Pinnately dissected dark green leaves of small size with serrated edges are formed from several lobes of a linear-lanceolate shape. On the stems, the leaves are arranged both in the next and in the opposite order. Single, as well as collected in corymbose inflorescences, the baskets of these marigolds grow up to 4-6 centimeters in diameter. The shape of the inflorescences can be simple, semi-double or terry. In addition to marigolds with a single color, many bicolor varieties have been bred. The most intensive flowering is observed during July and August. They begin to bloom in early June. The homeland of the rejected marigolds is the mountains of Mexico.

Series and varieties of rejected marigolds: Alumia, Bonanza, Brocade Yellow, Gaby, Harmony, Hero, Gullebrand, Jolly jester, Disco, Durango, Carmen, Red cherry, Cross, Fight, Bolero, Capricious (Playful) Marietta, Little hero, Mandarin, Mercedes, Monetta, Orange Flame, Guy, Pascal, Petit Harmony, Petit Gold, Prosperity, Grow Red, Safari, Striptease, Tiger Eyes, Fireball, Chica, Naughty Marietta.

Variety Tiger Eyes. Taken from: www.impecta.se

Variety Capricious Marietta. Taken from: www.southernexposure.com

Marigolds narrow-leaved (thin-leaved, Mexican) ( Tagetes tenuifolia)

From these annual plants, low, densely branched, compact marigold bushes are formed, the height of which can be from 20 to 50 cm. Straight, bare shoots are light green in color. Light green small leaves of a pinnately dissected form, which are arranged on the shoots in the next order, are formed by narrow lobes with sparse teeth. Abundantly flowering corymbose inflorescences are collected from simple five-petalled baskets, the diameter of which ranges from 15 to 30 mm. Coloring of inflorescences is monophonic or two-color. Thanks to the strongly branched stems, the whole plant looks like an almost perfect ball. This type of marigold begins to bloom in early June and finishes flowering with the first frost when the temperature drops to 1-2°C. Narrow-leaved marigolds are used for flower beds, borders, borders, vases and arrays. The homeland of narrow-leaved marigolds is the mountains of Mexico.

Series and varieties of fine-leaved marigolds: Gnome, Golden Jam, Golden Ring, Golden Gem, Starlight, Starlight, Karina, Red Gem, Lulu, Mimimix, Fire Stars, Ornament, Paprika, Starshine, Starfire, Ursula.

Sort Ornament. Taken from the site: agbina.ru

Variety Lemon Jewel

Marigolds radiant (bright, clear) ( Tagetes lucida)

Other names for this species: Mexican tarragon, Spanish tarragon, sweet marigold. This is a perennial erect plant with bushes from 40 to 80 centimeters high. Narrow green leaves about 7.5 centimeters long resemble natural tarragon leaves in shape. Solid golden flowers of marigolds of a simple form in diameter do not exceed 1.5 centimeters. Radiant marigolds bloom from early June to late September. The leaves of this plant are harvested and used fresh and dried as a substitute for tarragon, and the dried flowers make an excellent food coloring.

Taken from: www.chickenfish.cc

Nelson Marigolds ( Tagetes nelsonii)

An ornamental, rather powerful plant, 90-120 cm high, with reddish shoots and dark green leaves. The species grows in Texas, is found in Mexico. Marigolds have a very pleasant aroma of citrus fruits with a light fruity-musky note. The flowers of this type of marigold are often used as a savory addition to fish and meat delicacies or as a fragrant accent in pastries.

Taken from: herbgarden.co.za

Marigold Lemmon ( Tagetes lemmonii)

The second name is lemon marigolds. AT wild nature these perennial marigolds, discovered in the late 19th century, grow in the highlands of the United States (in the canyons of southern Arizona) and in northern Mexico. Marigold bushes reach a height of 120 cm, the leaves of the plant are 5 to 15 cm long, the diameter of numerous yellow flowers is approximately 5 cm. The plant exudes an aroma reminiscent of citrus and mint amber with a barely noticeable hint of camphor. Sometimes the smell of this plant is compared to the smell of tangerines. Marigolds attract many butterflies that constantly circle over the flowers.

Tagetes filifolia

A plant with a bush height of 8 to 50 cm. In the wild, this species grows in the steppes, on the slopes of rocks, in pine and oak forests, feels at ease in corn fields, growing there like a weed. It is found throughout a vast area from Mexico to Costa Rica. The bush has a pronounced anise aroma, the plant is quite unpretentious to the quality of the soil and easily tolerates drought.

Taken from: enseleits.de

Marigolds are small ( Tagetes minutes)

A type of marigold, with a bush height of 50 to 180-200 cm. The length of very fragrant dark green leaves varies from 5 to 20 cm, the diameter of rather small flowers does not exceed 15-25 mm. The leaves have deeply dissected edges and are arranged oppositely on the stem. Small marigolds grow in the USA and Mexico, Brazil, in the countries of southern Europe (France, Spain, Italy, Romania), in southern Africa, in China and Japan, in India and Libya, in Thailand and Turkey, in Australia and New Zealand.

Taken from: www.terranuova.it

Classification of marigolds according to the height of the bush

In floriculture, a classification is used in which the division is carried out according to the height of the plant, the shape of the inflorescences and their color.

According to the height of the bush, they distinguish:

  • Giant marigolds (90-120 cm);
  • Tall (high) marigolds (60-90 cm);
  • Medium-sized marigolds (45-60 cm);
  • Undersized (low) marigolds (25-45 cm);
  • Dwarf marigolds (up to 20 cm).

Giant marigolds, varieties, photos and names

These include plants that reach a height of 90 cm to 120 cm. Most often, giant marigolds are found among upright plants. The most famous varieties of giant marigolds:

  • "Gold Dollar" (Gold Dollar)- an early one-year hybrid variety without the aroma characteristic of marigolds. The variety belongs to upright marigolds. The bushes are dense, the shoots are strong and thick, 0.9-1.2 m high, with rather large light green leaves. From the first decade of June until frost, they are decorated with terry baskets of medium-sized inflorescences, 7 to 8 cm in diameter. Inflorescences, reminiscent of a carnation in their shape, consist of red and orange-red petals.

  • "Lemon Queen"Lemon Queen) - beautiful lemon marigolds with rather high (up to 120 cm) bushes. Inflorescences are light yellow or golden in color, up to 9-10 cm in diameter. Blooms profusely in July-August.

Taken from the site: ntes21.ru

  • "Orange"- marigold bushes of this variety reach 1 meter in height. Large (up to 15-17 cm in diameter) orange terry-type inflorescences delight the eye from June until the first frost, ideal for cutting - they stand in the water for 2 weeks.

Taken from the site: www.kerneliv.dk

Tall (tall) marigolds, varieties, photos and names

The height of the bushes ranges from 60 cm to 90 cm.

  • "Yellow Stone" (Gelber Stein)- a one-year-old variety, forms bushes about 70-80 cm high. The plant has beautiful densely double inflorescences of a rich yellow color. The diameter of marigolds is up to 15 cm. The plant begins to bloom in early June.

  • "Frills" (Frills)- bushes of this late variety of marigolds grow up to 80 cm in height and up to 8 cm in diameter. In the last decade of July or at the very beginning of August, large, terry, carnation-shaped inflorescences-baskets appear on them, which consist of reed petals of saturated shades of orange and golden. Flowering from late July until the first frost.
  • "Lemon Prince" (Zitronen prinz)- an erect plant forms high (65-80 cm), stem-shaped and rather dense bushes. On the dark green shoots of this variety, a pinkish coating is visible. Terry clove-shaped inflorescences of marigolds are quite large - 8-10 cm in diameter. When they are fully opened, they become like lemon-yellow balls. Marigolds of this variety bloom from June-July to September.

Taken from the site: www.rastenya.com

  • "Hawaii" (Hawaii)- erect annual plants are compact bushes growing up to 90 cm in height. From mid-summer (from July) to mid-autumn, large terry clove-shaped inflorescences in the form of orange hemispheres with a diameter of 10 to 12 cm open on strong light green peduncles.

Medium-sized marigolds, varieties, photos and names

The height of the plants included in this group ranges from 45 to 60 cm.

  • Among the white erect marigolds of medium height, perhaps one of the most beautiful is the variety "Kilimanjaro" (Kilimanjaro). It's an annual hybrid plant forms weakly branched bushes from 40 to 50-60 cm high, with a pronounced main shoot. The attractiveness of the variety is explained by large densely double inflorescences 7-10 cm in diameter, resembling balls in shape with an unusual vanilla-white color. Abundant flowering begins in June and lasts until frost.

Taken from the site: www.ruscemena.ru

  • Thin-leaved marigolds of this group are represented by numerous varieties, among which stands out "Golden Ring" or "Golden Ring" (Golden Ring). Despite the thin densely branched shoots with narrowly dissected leaves, the spherical bushes of these marigolds are quite compact and reach a height of 40-50 cm. Small simple inflorescences do not exceed 25-30 mm in diameter. They are composed of orange small tubular petals in the center of the inflorescence and bright yellow, bent down, reed petals. Flowering lasts from the first days of June and ends with the onset of the first frost.

Undersized marigolds, varieties, photos and names

Represented by varieties, the height of which ranges from 0.25 to 0.45 m.

  • This large group includes the Bonanza series, obtained as a result of selection from rejected marigolds. Annual miniature bushes of this series have a height of no more than 30 cm. Terry inflorescences up to 6 cm in diameter can be painted in any color, ranging from rich yellow to red-orange. Variety "Bonanza Deep Orange" (Bonanza deep Orange) is one of the most beloved among flower growers. This is a beautiful variety of early flowering, with compact bushes, the height of which ranges from 0.25 to 0.3 m, and the width does not exceed 20 cm. Terry inflorescences with a diameter of 5 to 6 cm are painted in deep orange.

  • A series of varieties "Discovery" is bred from upright marigolds. Although small bushes do not exceed a height of 20-25 cm. The inflorescences, abundantly covering them, are quite large in size and have a bright saturated color. Many gardeners and flower growers grow marigolds on their plots. Discovery Yellow or "Discovery Orange" (discovery Orange) . These are annual plants with compact bushes.

Shoots with numerous pinnately dissected, bluish-green leaves are dotted with large and dense densely double inflorescences of bright yellow or orange color. The diameter of the inflorescences is 8 cm. The flowering of marigolds begins from the first days of June and lasts until the onset of frost.

Taken from: www.benary.com

Dwarf marigolds, varieties, photos and names

This group consists of plants whose height does not exceed 20 cm. It includes a variety of varieties from rejected, thin-leaved and upright marigolds.

  • Among the representatives of rejected marigolds, the most interesting is the Boy series, which consists of annual varieties with compact branched bushes from 15 to 20 cm high and about 20 cm wide. -green color. The diameter of yellow, orange or two-color terry inflorescences, which abundantly cover the bushes, ranges from 4 to 6 cm. The most interesting of this series is the marigold variety "Harmony" (Harmony). It is distinguished by its magnificent inflorescences, consisting of middle flowers of golden yellow, which are surrounded by brownish-brown reed flowers with a thin golden border.

  • Among the thin-leaved marigolds of the dwarf group, the most common is the annual series "Mimimix" (Mimimix). The varieties of this series form dense compact spherical bushes only about 20-25 cm high. The leaves are narrow, pinnately dissected, dark green in color.

The inflorescences are simple, about 20 mm in diameter, painted in various shades and tones of yellow, red or orange. Marigolds begin to bloom in July and finish blooming in the last decade of September.

  • Among dwarf erect marigolds, the variety is very popular. "Lunacy Orange" (LunacyOrange). Its compact bushes reach a height of 15-20 cm.

The diameter of the bush reaches 20-25 cm. A distinctive feature of these marigolds are dense chrysanthemum-shaped inflorescences of bright orange color.

Taken from: www.hpsseed.com

Types of marigolds in the form of inflorescences, photos and names

According to the shape of the inflorescences and the number of reed flowers, marigolds are:

  • simple,
  • Semi-double,
  • Terry,
    • anemones,
    • carnations,
    • Chrysanthemum.

Below is a more detailed description of them.

Simple marigolds, varieties, photos and names

Simple inflorescences consist of a small number of central tubular flowers and a single row of reed flowers.

  • "Lemon Jam", or "Lemon Jam" (Lemon jam)

an annual undersized variety, bred as a result of selection of thin-leaved marigolds and reaching a height of 0.25 m. Small simple inflorescences 3-4 centimeters in size are colored gold or yellow, and their middle consists of small bright orange tubular flowers.

  • A representative of a simple group of thin-leaved marigolds is the variety "Paprika" (paprika). It is distinguished by dwarf (no more than 20-25 cm) strongly branched spherical bushes. Pinnately dissected leaves growing on thin shoots are painted light green.

These are very beautiful marigolds, the period of abundant flowering of which begins in June and ends at the end of September. Simple flat baskets with a bright yellow center are painted fiery red, and their diameter does not exceed 20-30 mm.

Taken from: www.hageniboks.no

Semi-double marigolds, varieties, photos and names

For the formation of semi-double marigolds, at least 2-3 rows of reed flowers are needed. This group includes:

  • A full representative of the rejected marigolds of the semi-double group is grade "Gold Bol", or "Gold Ball" (Gold Ball). Its sprawling bushes with strong strongly branched shoots and small green leaves can reach a height of 50-60 cm. Inflorescences are simple and semi-double, their diameter is 4-5 cm.

Tubular petals of marigolds, which are located in one or two rows in the center of the inflorescence, are painted in bright yellow with a golden hue. Reed petals located at the edges are reddish-brown. This is an early variety of marigolds: the beginning of their flowering falls on the first decade of June.

  • "Red Brocade" (RedBrokade)

an annual undersized variety from the Brokade series, bred from rejected marigolds. Strongly branched, but compact bush grows only up to 25 cm in height. Semi-double inflorescence of medium size (about 4-5 cm in diameter) consists of slightly corrugated reed flowers, which are painted in yellowish and red-brown.

Terry marigolds, varieties, photos and names

Terry marigolds are formed by a large number of flowers, both reed and tubular.

  • An example of such an inflorescence structure is grade "Eskimo" (Рopsicle), which is a hybrid. This is a low-growing plant with a bush height of up to 40 cm. Its inflorescences, resembling balls in shape, and vanilla-white ice cream in color, reach a diameter of 6-10 cm and delight with their beauty, from the first decade of July to the very frosts.

  • "Aztec Lime Green"

Very unusual marigolds of light green (light green) color. Gusto-double inflorescences have a diameter of 10-12 cm. The height of the plant is 45 cm. The variety is resistant to heat.

Taken from: www.parkswholesaleplants.com

  • "Fantastic" (Fantastic)

Tall varieties of marigolds, growing up to 0.7 m and delighting gardeners with their flowering from early summer to the first frost. Large inflorescences with a diameter of 8 to 11 cm are composed of narrow tubular flowers. The color of densely doubled baskets can be golden (Fantastic Gold), yellow (Fantastic Yellow) or orange (Fantastic Orange).

Taken from: gardeners.s3.amazonaws.com

  • "Strawberry Blonde" (Strawberry Blonde)

An annual variety. A low-growing plant with bushes up to 25 cm high, 15-20 cm wide and medium-sized inflorescences resembling a carnation in shape. Throughout the flowering period, baskets can change their color, ranging from bright yellow to terracotta tones. In addition, the intensity of color change is affected by air temperature. At lower temperatures, variations occur slowly, but with high contrast between colors. An increase in temperature accelerates the process, but the color contrast is significantly reduced.

Taken from: www.gardenclinic.com.au

Anemone marigolds, varieties, photos and names

Anemone marigolds consist of large tubular flowers located in the center, and reed flowers framing them, arranged in 1, 2 or even 3 rows.

  • Varieties of marigolds belong to this type of structure of inflorescences. series "Durango" ("Durango") (Durango) created on the basis of rejected marigolds. These are low annual plants with a bush height of 20-30 cm and with inflorescences about 55-60 mm in size. The series includes varieties of marigolds with golden yellow, red-brown and bright orange color. Of greatest interest to gardeners is the variety "Durango Mix" (Durango Mix), which attracts attention with its unusual inflorescences, painted in a variety of colors, from yellow and burgundy to variegated.

Carnation (carnation) marigolds, varieties, photos and names

Carnation marigolds consist mainly of reed flowers, the petals of which are dissected along the outer edge.

  • A typical example of such an inflorescence structure is marigolds "Carmen" (Carmen). This is an annual plant that forms bushes no more than 0.3 m high, which are abundantly covered with foliage. The petals of the reed flowers are slightly corrugated and colored red-brown, while the tubular central flowers are yellow-orange in color. The size of the marigold inflorescence reaches 50 mm. The flowering period lasts from early summer to early autumn.

Taken from the site: dachanaladoni.ru

  • "Black Velvet" (BlackVElvet)

annual marigolds, bred on the basis of small-flowered marigolds. This is a low-growing plant up to 30 cm high with a compact bush, on which small inflorescences up to 6 cm in diameter bloom abundantly, painted in dark cherry color and framed by a thin orange border. Inflorescences are terry, clove-shaped. Flowering of marigolds lasts from the beginning of summer and ends with the onset of frost.

Chrysanthemum marigolds, varieties, photos and names

Chrysanthemum marigolds are almost entirely formed by tubular flowers. Bright representatives of this group are annual varieties derived from upright marigolds:

  • "Taishan" (Taishan)

Low-growing flowers about 0.25-0.3 m high. From late spring to early autumn, marigold bushes are covered with rather large inflorescences, consisting of wide tubular flowers. The size of the baskets reaches a diameter of 70-80 mm. This series includes varieties with golden (Gold), orange (Orange) and yellow (Yellow) baskets.

Taken from the site: 1semena.ru

  • "VanillaFone" (vanilla F1)

An annual undersized hybrid with a compact bush, whose height does not exceed 40 cm, and the width of the bush is about 25 cm. Large inflorescences about 7 cm in size, resembling a ball in shape, are painted in a delicate creamy white color. Flowering occurs in the last decade of May and ends with cold snaps.

Where do marigolds grow?

Today, marigolds are cultivated in almost all countries of Europe, Asia, Africa and South America. In the wild, marigolds grow in Spain and Portugal, France and Germany, Denmark, Sweden, Poland and Belarus, throughout Russia. These flowers are also found in India, Pakistan, China, but the largest area of ​​\u200b\u200bgrowth is noted in Peru, Chile, Venezuela, Paraguay and other countries of South America, as well as in Mexico. These flowers are quite unpretentious to external conditions, so they easily tolerate the periodic lack of watering, poor soils, and even weed infestation.

Medicinal properties of marigolds

Apart from beautiful view, which delivers aesthetic pleasure, as well as the pleasant aroma inherent in these flowers, marigolds are widely used for cosmetic, medicinal and culinary purposes.

Throughout the growing season, the plant accumulates in all its parts essential oil A that contains several unique components. According to the content of some biologically active substances, marigolds are ahead of many medicinal herbs and plants. They contain:

  • cytomen,
  • apinene,
  • sabinene,
  • carotene,
  • lutein,
  • myrcene,
  • citral,
  • pigments,
  • alkaloids and flavonoids.

Amber-yellow marigold oil has a pleasant aroma, which is mixed with notes of oriental spices and fruits. Marigold oil has the following medicinal properties:

  • antimicrobial,
  • antifungal,
  • antispasmodic,
  • antiseptic,
  • sedatives.

Marigold petals contain potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, iron, selenium, copper, gold and zinc, as well as vitamins C, A, E, folic acid and rutin.

Variety Spanish Brocade. Taken from: www.southernexposure.com

How to prepare marigold oil?

To prepare healing oil from marigolds, it is necessary to finely chop the green material from the stems, leaves and flowers, and then pour it with olive oil in a ratio of 1:10. After keeping the mixture in a dark place for 10 days, it is placed in a water bath, after which the resulting extract is drained and filtered. Store the drug in a cool place, after pouring it into dark glass bottles. Marigold oil is a powerful remedy, so it should be used with caution. It helps lower blood pressure, promotes healing of wounds and relieves skin infections.

Infusion of marigolds and method of its preparation

Due to the antiseptic properties of this plant, inhalations with its infusions are used to treat viral and bacterial respiratory diseases. This procedure can be carried out both with the help of special devices, and in the old fashioned way over the kettle. For infusion, 5 buds are enough, which are poured with boiling water (no more than 300 ml).

Decoction of marigolds and method of preparation

Pain from arthrosis or other joint pathologies can be reduced by taking marigold decoctions. Such a water extract is prepared in large volumes and has a lower concentration. Prepare a decoction of dried or fresh inflorescences. It is enough to take them about 20-30 pieces and insist for an hour. It is advisable to find out the frequency and volume of the drug taken from the doctor.

Taken from: www.mintandperilla.com

The use of marigolds in cosmetology

The aromatic and medicinal properties of marigolds have long been used in cosmetology. Extracts of these flowers are used in the perfumes and nourishing creams of all French perfumers. In addition, many women make masks based on decoctions of these flowers or nourishing balms from a mixture of olive and almond oil, infused for two weeks on one tablespoon of crushed inflorescences.

Marigolds in cooking

Dried and crushed marigold flowers are used as a condiment known as Imeretian saffron. They give food not only a special spicy taste, but also a beautiful golden color. Leaves and flowers of marigolds are part of some salads, and are also used to preserve vegetables. The marinade, to which a couple of inflorescences were added, gives the cucumbers a special elasticity and makes them crispy. The inflorescence of marigolds is the raw material from which food dyes are produced, which have a rich yellow or yellow-orange color.

Harm of marigolds and contraindications

It should be remembered that people who have allergic reactions to the active substances that make up the stems, leaves or flowers of the plant, as well as women during pregnancy, use preparations, ointments, balms and seasonings from marigolds is contraindicated.

Taken from: maya-ethnobotanicals.com

Marigolds: cultivation and care

Due to the natural beauty of marigolds, as well as due to the long flowering period, they are used for decorative design city ​​parks, garden plots and adjacent territories. The landing site depends on the size of the bush. So giant, tall or medium-sized varieties of marigolds are used to decorate the center of the flower beds or the background part of the flower garden, and colorful flower borders are formed from undersized plants. Marigolds are suitable for growing in floor vases, large pots, balcony boxes and even planters, and cut flowers can stand in an ordinary vase for quite some time.

The soil

In Russia, flower growers are mainly engaged in breeding thin-leaved, upright and rejected marigolds. Despite the fact that these plants are quite unpretentious and can grow on almost any soil, the most intensive flowering is achieved on fertile, neutral, loamy soils that are sufficiently fertilized and moistened. To enrich the soil with the necessary minerals and microelements, any of the complete mineral fertilizers is added to it, but not manure. When creating conditions for a full supply of the root system with oxygen, good drainage is provided at the planting site, which can be used as compost.

Temperature and lighting

Marigold flowers are heat-loving plants, so they should be planted in sunny areas, although a light shade will not harm them. The best temperature, which is needed for optimal vegetation and full flowering, is considered to be the range from + 20 ° C to + 23 ° C. At cooler temperature conditions sprouts slow down their growth, and the leaves become pale green in color. The first frosts usually lead to the death of plants. In excessively shaded places, the growth of shoots is accelerated, and flowering is inhibited.

Humidity

Long heavy rains can adversely affect the condition of marigolds, causing rotting of inflorescences and fungal diseases of the root system, but these plants tolerate drought quite easily, as they come from sunny and arid regions of South America and Mexico.

Taken from: cubicfootgardening.com

Methods for planting marigolds

In floriculture, 2 methods of reproduction of marigolds are used:

  • sowing seeds directly into the soil,
  • seedling method.

Flowers planted by direct sowing into the ground begin to please with their flowering only in the middle of summer, but planting prepared seedlings makes it possible to admire the beauty of plants already in early June.

When to plant marigolds?

Dates for planting marigolds in open ground depend on air temperature. Sowing seeds or planting seedlings should be done only after the night temperature does not fall below + 5 ° C. In southern regions with a mild and warm climate, planting can begin from mid-April, and in areas with a temperate climate, this process should be postponed until the second decade of May.

Germination of marigold seeds

In order for the seedlings to be friendly and strong, the planting material is germinated. This method of preparation is equally used for sowing seeds directly in open ground, and for growing seedlings of marigolds.

Germination of seeds is not difficult. To do this, wrap the marigold seeds of the selected variety in a moistened cotton cloth. Then the bundle should be put in a shallow flat saucer and placed in a transparent plastic bag. Now it remains to put a container with wetted planting material in a warm and bright place and wait two or three days. When the seeds hatch, you can start planting.

Marigolds Antigua F1. Taken from the site: agbina.ru

Planting marigold seeds in open ground

On the site prepared for sowing marigolds, with the help of a chopper, you need to make shallow (no more than 2 centimeters) grooves, into which germinated marigold seeds should be laid at intervals of about 15-20 millimeters. Then you need to fill them with a layer of soil with a thickness of at least one centimeter. With a thicker layer, it will be difficult for the sprouts to break through, and they may die, and with insufficient powder, they simply dry out. It is necessary to water carefully and moderately, avoiding both excessive waterlogging and leaching of seeds from the soil. The first shoots can be observed after 7-8 days. You can cover the landing site with agrofibre or any other nonwoven fabric(acrylic or lutrasil). When 2 or 3 true leaves appear on the sprouts, you can thin out and plant the plants in accordance with the variety, height and width of the bush.

To enjoy flowering already in the last days of May or in the first decade of June, sowing marigolds for seedlings should be carried out during the whole of March and the first half of April. For those who want to grow several different types, it should be borne in mind that in March, seeds of erect marigolds should be sown, and small-leaved and rejected ones - in the first two weeks of April. In this case, flowering will occur simultaneously in early June.

Growing healthy and strong seedlings of these flowers is not difficult at all, but some nuances should be observed. The best substrate for the germination of marigolds can be considered a mixture of humus, peat, soddy soil and half the norm of pure coarse river sand taken in equal amounts. To destroy pests and weed seeds that may be in the soil mixture, it is necessary to disinfect it. To do this, you can use any fungicide or a dark pink solution of potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate).

To avoid stagnation of water in the substrate, a drainage layer with a thickness of at least 3 centimeters is poured onto the bottom of the planting box or container. To do this, you can use fine gravel, gravel, expanded clay or even coarse sand. Two-thirds of the required volume of soil mixture is poured onto the drainage, which is compacted with a rammer. The rest of the substrate must be in a loose state so that the root system of the seedlings is adequately supplied with oxygen.

The seed box or container should not be filled to the top: there should be 10-20 millimeters of free space from the top of the container to the soil surface. Now you need to spill the prepared substrate with water and let the container or box stand in a warm room for a couple of days so that the soil mixture reaches the desired structure. To remove excess moisture from the soil mixture, the container, at the bottom of which several small holes are made, must be equipped with a special tray.

Before planting marigolds on seedlings, the surface of the substrate should be slightly loosened and shallow grooves should be made at intervals of about two centimeters. The hatched seeds should be laid out in these grooves every 10-15 millimeters, and then they should be covered with a layer of substrate no more than 10 mm thick. After that, the entire planting surface is very carefully watered, and the container is covered with a transparent material (polyethylene bag, food container lid, glass, etc.) and taken to warm room with temperatures from +22°C to +25°C.

It is necessary to ensure that the soil does not dry out, and periodically carry out watering. When the first sprouts of marigolds appear, the container with seedlings is transferred to a lighter and cooler room, in which the temperature fluctuates between 15-18 ° C. At the same time, they begin to "accustom" seedlings to fresh air, for which they carry out daily airing. In addition, this will greatly reduce the risk of some diseases characteristic of seedlings. If there is the slightest suspicion that any seedling is infected with a black leg, it must be removed along with a lump of substrate. After that, the resulting hole should be filled with fresh soil mixture, and then the entire soil, together with the sprouts, should be treated with a fungicide solution.

When friendly shoots of marigolds appear, the shelter is completely removed. During this period, watering is carried out only after the earth in the seedling container has dried out. Also, the accumulation of water in the pan should not be allowed, therefore, some time after watering, excess liquid should be drained from it. In order for the seedlings to grow strong and healthy, it is recommended to feed them twice a month with special fertilizers for seedlings.

If all the planted marigold seeds sprout, the sprouts will be quite crowded in a container or box. In this case, you will need pick. This operation is carried out some time after watering. In a separate container with the same substrate as for growing seedlings, holes are prepared into which sprouts are transplanted, taken with a spoon from the container. Planting is carried out by deepening the plants almost to the cotyledons, which will lead to more intense and abundant root formation. The signal that marigold seedlings are ready for planting in open ground can be considered the appearance of 2 or 3 true leaves.

Planting marigold seedlings in open ground

Seedlings are planted in open ground in the middle or end of May in previously prepared soil. To do this, the site chosen for planting is dug up to a depth of no more than 25 centimeters and complex fertilizers containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are applied to it. After that, the soil is again dug up and watered. The amount of applied mineral fertilizers should not exceed 30 g/m 2 .

After waiting some time for the water to soak into the soil, they prepare the holes in which the seedlings will be planted. The distance between the holes and adjacent rows of marigolds depends on their type and variety. For giant and tall plants, this figure is 40 centimeters, medium-sized flowers should be planted every 30 centimeters, but undersized and dwarf marigolds are planted every 20 centimeters.

The depth of the holes for seedlings should be such that the root neck of the plant is deepened into the soil by 10-20 millimeters. After the root system is carefully placed in the hole, you need to carefully fill the void around the roots and slightly compact the soil. Next, you should water the seedlings well, avoiding excessive waterlogging. It is noteworthy that, unlike many plants, marigolds are not afraid of water getting on the leaves.

Marigold Care

Further care for these flowers is quite simple.

  • In order for the bushes to bloom profusely, you need remove weeds and periodically loosen the soil not only between plants, but also between rows.
  • Despite the fact that marigolds are unpretentious, application of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers will have a beneficial effect on the appearance of the bushes, making flowering more magnificent. One or two root dressings for the entire season will be enough, performed when the first buds appear and after the start of abundant flowering. It is not worth using nitrogen fertilizers, as this will lead to the growth of shoots and inhibition of the development of inflorescences.
  • In addition, in order for the plant to look lush and tidy, you need to periodically remove inflorescences that have already faded, and carry out formative pruning of marigolds.

In autumn, after the onset of frost, marigolds die. Plants must be removed from the ground, finely chopped and buried in the ground during the autumn digging.

Such a measure will allow the prevention of fungal infections of the soil.

Taken from: nhg.typepad.com

Marigold diseases, photos and names

Like all plants, marigolds can also get sick.

  • For example, if the summer is cool and rainy, or if the bushes are planted too close together, dark brown spots often appear on the leaves of the plants and on their stems. Such a disease is called "gray rot" and leads to the death of not only an infected bush, but can also cause the spread of a fungal infection to other plants. To avoid this, you must immediately dig out all the marigold bushes affected by gray rot and destroy them.
  • Too much moisture can also lead to slugs and snails. You can get rid of them with the help of manual collection or jars of bleach, which must be placed between the rows. The pungent odor emanating from them repels pests.
  • In hot dry summers, especially when watering is carried out irregularly and in insufficient quantities, plants are invaded spider mite. You can get rid of this dangerous pest by spraying the bushes with infusions of special plants, since marigolds do not tolerate chemicals well. For the preparation of infusions, you can use onions, yarrow or red hot peppers. If the infection with spider mites has not yet occurred, it is possible as preventive measures two to three times a day, spray the bushes with plain water.

It is noteworthy that the phytoncides contained in the roots, stems and leaves of marigolds prevent the development of most fungal diseases not only in the flowers themselves, but also serve as an excellent protection for those plants that grow next to them. Therefore, many experienced gardeners create original flower borders around plantings of tomatoes, potatoes or berry bushes.

Taken from: www.netpsplantfinder.com

  • Upright marigold flowers have the ability to draw out heavy metals accumulated in the soil, which allows them to be used for land disinfection work.
  • The first written mention of marigolds appeared at the end of the 16th century in a fundamental study by the Spanish missionary, historian and linguist Bernardino de Sahagun.
  • In India, marigolds are considered sacred flowers, so they are strewn at the foot of the statues of the god Krishna.
  • The aroma emanating from the leaves is more persistent and sharp than the smell exuded by the inflorescences.
  • In the language of flowers, which in the era of Queen Victoria was used for a hidden expression of feelings, marigolds meant fearlessness, courage, unparalleled courage and were a symbol of the royal lion.
  • Mexicans still use the leaves of the plant as a diaphoretic or diuretic, and in the treatment of fever. For food poisoning, marigolds are used to induce vomiting and cleanse the stomach.
  • The aroma emanating from marigolds attracts bees, wasps, beetles and other pollinating insects, so by planting such flowers near cucumbers or other crops, a significant increase in yield can be achieved.
  • In the era of the birth and spread of Christianity, the inhabitants of the British Isles surrounded the images of the Blessed Virgin Mary with wreaths that were woven from marigolds. Flowers symbolized gold coins.
  • According to Orthodox writings, when Mary and Joseph were forced to flee to Egypt, they were followed by a gang of robbers. When the pursuers overtook the fugitives, they took away their wallet. But how surprised the bandits were when, having opened it, they found not silver or gold, but marigold inflorescences.
  • The native Indians of South America in their stories and legends associate the flowers of the plant with the divine sun.
  • Marigolds are grown not only for decorative purposes. There are species that are cultivated for use in the food industry and the production of alcoholic beverages.

Tagetes

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Tagetes or Marigold(Tagetes) is a genus of annuals and perennials from the Aster family, or Compositae. The name comes from the name of the grandson of the god Jupiter - Tages ( Tages), famous for its beauty and ability to predict the future. The natural range is America, where they grow wild from New Mexico and Arizona to Argentina.

More than 50 species of annual and perennial herbaceous plants are known. The stems are erect, strong, forming compact or sprawling bushes from 20 to 120 cm tall, with a sharp, peculiar smell.

Leaves are pinnately dissected or pinnately divided, rarely entire, serrated, light to dark green, arranged oppositely or in regular order. Inflorescences - baskets, very bright, yellow, orange, reddish-brown, brown or variegated, single or collected in complex inflorescences. Marginal flowers reed, with wide, horizontally spaced corollas; middle - tubular, bisexual. They bloom profusely from June until frost. The fruit is a seed. Seeds remain viable for 3-4 years. They give abundant self-seeding.

In decorative floriculture, usually numerous hybrid varieties of the following species are used. One of the main varietal characteristics of marigolds is the structure of inflorescences. There are clove-flowered and chrysanthemum-shaped; terry, semi-double and simple.

Tagetes rejected, or French marigolds (Tagetes patula L.)

Annual plant. Stems erect, 15-50 cm tall, strongly branched from the base, lateral shoots deviated. The leaves are small, pinnately dissected, with linear-lanceolate lobes, dark green, arranged in a regular or opposite order. Inflorescences - baskets 4-6 cm in diameter, single or in corymbose inflorescences, cup-shaped, various in shape, on long peduncles. The involucre is single-row, of 5-7 fused leaves, pointed at the apex. Reed flowers are yellow, orange, lemon, brownish-brown or dark red, velvety, often two-tone, with a different ratio of these shades; tubular - yellow or orange. In culture since the beginning of the XVI century.

For practical purposes, numerous varieties of this species are divided into groups: high - up to 60 cm or more in height, simple inflorescences; medium - up to 50 cm in height, terry inflorescences; low - 25-40 cm tall with simple or double inflorescences; very low ("Lilliputian") -15-20 cm tall, with simple or double inflorescences. The most common varieties:

"Karmen" ("carmen") —

Bushes spreading, 20-30 cm tall, strongly branched. Shoots are strong, green, with a reddish-brown bloom, ribbed. Leaves are medium sized, green. Terry inflorescences, 4-7 cm in diameter. Reed flowers are arranged in 1-2 rows, reddish-brown, velvety. Tubular flowers are golden yellow. The variety is early. Blooms from early June until frost. Good for cutting.

"Bonanza Bolero" ("Bonanza Bolero") —

Bushes spreading, 25-40 cm tall, densely leafy. Shoots are strong, green, with a reddish bloom. Leaves are medium sized, dark green. Inflorescences are double, 4-7 cm in diameter, yellow with reddish-brown spots, velvety. The variety is early. Blooms from early June until frost. Good for cutting. Recommended for flowerbeds, rabatok, potting and decorating balconies.

"Queen Sofia" ("queen sophia") —

The inflorescences are not very terry, two-tone: red with a bronze-orange border, slightly fade in the sun, acquiring a brown tint, 7 cm in diameter.

"Legion of Honor" ("Legion of Honor") —

The bushes are compact, 20-30 cm tall, almost spherical, strongly branched, densely leafy. Shoots are strong, thick, with dark red ribs. Leaves are medium sized, dark green. Inflorescences are simple, 3-6 cm in diameter, yellow with brown spots at the base. The variety is early. Blooms from early June until frost. Recommended for flowerbeds, flower beds, decorating balconies and vases.

"orangeflamme" ("orange flame") —

Bushes up to 20-30 cm tall, compact, densely leafy. Shoots are strong, green with reddish stripes. The leaves are dark green with small narrow-lanceolate lobes. The inflorescences are chrysanthemum-shaped, double, 3.5-4.5 cm in diameter, consisting of broadly funneled bright orange tubular flowers with red strokes and one row of reed, red-brown, velvety flowers bent downwards with a yellow spot at the base and a yellow border. The variety is early. Blooms from early June until frost.

Tagetes erect, or African marigolds (Tagetes erecta L.)

The plant is an annual, bush is compact or sprawling with a distinct main shoot. The stems are strongly branched, 80-120 cm tall, glabrous, erect, finely ribbed, woody at the base, lateral shoots directed upwards, forming obverse pyramidal bushes. The leaves are pinnatipartite with lanceolate, sharp lobes, serrated along the edge, from light to dark green, arranged in the next order. Inflorescences - large baskets 6-13 cm in diameter, single, simple, semi-double or double, on long peduncles. Blooms from late June - early July. The color of the inflorescences is monophonic, light yellow, yellow, bright yellow, orange or bicolor.

Varieties are distinguished by height: giant - above 90 cm; high - 60-90 cm; medium - 45-60 cm; low - up to 45 cm tall.

"Antigua" ("Antigua") —

only 20 cm tall, but at the same time it forms many inflorescences with a diameter of up to 10 cm of bright yellow or orange color.

"Gold Dollar" ("gold dollar") —

Bushes are compact, 90-120 cm tall. Shoots are strong, ribbed, thick, light green. The leaves are large, dark green. Inflorescences are nail-wild, almost spherical, densely double, 7-8 cm in diameter, red-orange, odorless. Early variety, blooms from early June until frost. Recommended for tall groups and cut flowers.

"Sweet Cream" (Sweet Cream") —

Bushes are compact, 60-75 cm tall. Shoots are strong, ribbed, light green with a reddish bloom. The leaves are large, dark green. Inflorescences clove-flowered, hemispherical, double, 8-10 cm in diameter, cream or white color. Blooms from late June until frost.

Tagetes fine-leaved, or Mexican marigolds (Tagetes tenuifolia Cm.)

Plants annual, low, compact, 20-40 cm tall, densely branched, with straight, bare, strong or fragile light green shoots. The leaves are small, twice pinnately dissected, with narrow, sparsely toothed lobes, light green, with dotted glands, arranged in the next order. Inflorescences are small baskets, 1.5-3 cm in diameter, simple, on short peduncles, collected in turn in corymbose inflorescences. The color of the inflorescences is yellow, yellow-orange, red. The involucre is single-row, of five fused leaves, sharp at the top. Blooms very profusely. In culture since 1795. More than 70 complex hybrid varieties are known. Used for borders, flower beds, rabatok, arrays, vases.

Marigolds are unpretentious, fast-growing, light and heat-loving, drought-resistant plants. The optimum temperature for the growth of young plants is 18-20 °C. At temperatures below 10 ° C, the leaves acquire an anthocyanin coating and growth stops. At -1...-2 °C plants die.

Location: do not need intense sunlight, although maximum decorative effect is achieved in sunny places. This is especially true for thin-leaved marigolds. Poorly tolerate spring and autumn frosts.

The soil: require nutritious, well-moistened soils in the first half of summer.

Care: are considered drought-resistant, but at the beginning of growth they need watering, otherwise the plants will be frail, and the inflorescences will be small. Marigolds, especially erect marigolds, are negatively related to excess moisture in the soil. In rainy weather, their large inflorescences begin to rot. And if the soil is oversaturated with water, the plants begin to die from fungal root diseases. Spring fertilization entails strong growth and delayed flowering.

Diseases and pests: inflorescences during prolonged rains often rot. In dry, hot conditions, marigolds are affected by spider mites. To rid plants of it, you must first of all increase the humidity of the air by spraying the seedlings several times a day with water. For complete destruction, 2-3 times spraying with infusions of onions, hot red pepper, yarrow is used.

reproduction: seeds. Marigolds can be sown in open ground in late May - early June. Seedlings appear 5-10 days after sowing. It is desirable to cover the soil with non-woven material (acrylic, lutrasil). In this case, you can sow a week and a half earlier than usual and thereby accelerate flowering.

When growing seedlings earlier than others, in mid-March, upright marigolds are sown. Marigolds rejected and thin-leaved are sown in early April. Subject to these terms, flowering of all three species will begin in June. Marigold seedlings are easy to grow in room conditions on a bright window, and even better in film greenhouses, where the plants will be the strongest. To make the seedlings healthy, you need loose, nutritious soil (1 part of humus + 1 part of peat + 1 part of sod land + 0.5 parts of sand), an even temperature of 18-22 ° C and moderate watering. Marigolds rejected are less demanding on soil and temperature. Although marigold seedlings are considered unpretentious, it is better to take fresh soil for sowing, especially for narrow-leaved marigolds, which are more affected by the blackleg than other species.

Seedlings can be grown in a box, bowl or pot. At the bottom it is necessary to pour drainage (crushed stone, expanded clay, coarse sand) with a layer of 3 cm or make holes. Otherwise, plants may die from fungal diseases. First, 2/3 of the soil is poured onto the drainage, and this layer is compacted by hand or with a rammer. The next layer should be loose so that the germinating roots have enough air. The soil should not reach the edge of the container by 1-2 cm. The prepared soil is shed well and left for one or two days in a warm place so that it "breathes".

Marigold seeds are large, therefore they can be carefully spread out in the grooves at a distance of 1-1.5 cm. The distance between the grooves themselves is 1.5-2 cm. Thickened shoots suffer more from a lack of light and stretch. They may even develop blackleg.

The easiest way to get optimal density is by sowing germinated seeds. For germination, they need to be laid out on a damp cloth on a saucer and put in a plastic bag, put in a warm place. After 2-3 days, the seeds will hatch. The decomposed seeds are covered with a layer of earth of 0.5-1 cm. Weakly covered seeds can die from drying out. If the seeds are planted too deep into the soil, they may not sprout at all, especially in narrow-leaved marigolds. After sowing, the top layer of the earth is carefully watered, then covered with paper. The containers are placed in a warm place (22-25 ° C) and the soil moisture is carefully monitored. After 3-7 days, seedlings will appear and the containers should be transferred to a bright place at a lower temperature (18-20°C).

If the seedlings are still thickened, it must be dived. Seedlings are carefully removed from well-watered soil and planted in a hole, buried to the cotyledons. This will encourage the formation of new roots. Good seedlings by the time of planting have 2-3 pairs of leaves and a powerful root system. Seedlings are planted in the ground in late May - early June. Plants are planted in the soil deeper by 1-2 cm than they grew before. The distance between plants depends on the species and variety. High hybrids and varieties of upright marigolds are planted according to the scheme 40 x 40 cm, medium varieties and hybrids F1 30 x 30 cm and low varieties and hybrids of all types 20 x 20 cm. Transplantation is easily tolerated at any age, even in flowering state.

Usage: secretions from the roots of marigolds reduce the damage of other plants by fungal diseases and especially Fusarium, protect against certain types of nematodes. Marigolds erect can be grown for cutting. They stay in water for about three weeks. Marigolds are used in all types of flower beds. They are not suitable only for a pond and a shady garden. They tolerate marigolds and harsh conditions of a small volume of soil. Therefore, they grow well in pots on the windows, they decorate the premises, as well as primroses or cineraria. Marigolds can be planted in a pot or box in the fall before frost. There are cases that they survive in the winter, and in the spring they form a large flowering bush(this applies only to rejected marigolds).

Marigolds rejected, or Tagetes patula (Tagetes patula) - an annual, highly branched, wide-spreading, dense plant, 15-60 cm high.

The leaves of marigolds are pinnately dissected, dark or light green. Inflorescences - baskets 4-6 cm in diameter, simple, semi-double or double, one- and two-color, light and bright yellow, light and bright orange and red-brown. Flowering continues from July to October.

The fruit is an achene, strongly flattened, oblong-linear, black or dark brown. In 1 g of 700 seeds, germination is maintained for 1-2 years.

Marigolds are unpretentious, fast-growing, light and thermophilic plants. Prefers open sunny places, but also grows with little shading. Poorly tolerates spring and autumn frosts. Requires nutritious, well-moistened, limed soil and regular watering in the first half of summer, top dressing - as needed.

Propagated by seeds - seedlings in April or sowing in a permanent place in May, followed by thinning to a distance of 10-15 cm between plants.

Undersized (25-40 cm) and very low (15-20 cm) varieties of marigolds are suitable for planting on balconies, windows, loggias of high-rise buildings: Marietta variety - with simple, yellow with brown spot flowers; Valencia - with double, golden yellow, clove-colored, large flowers; Dainty Marietta - with simple, bright yellow flowers with a brown spot; Petit Gold, Petit Orange, Petit Gelb - with double, clove-colored, golden yellow, orange-yellow flowers. Marigolds pair well with red pelargonium and salvia.

Almost not affected by diseases and not damaged by pests.