The message about Gogol's work is brief. Biography of the writer
Is Nikolai Gogol. Everyone knows his books. Based on his works, films are made and performances are staged. The work of this writer is very diverse. It contains both romantic stories and works of realistic prose.
Biography
Nikolai Gogol was born in Ukraine in the family of a regimental clerk. The talent of the satirist in him manifested itself early. Gogol showed an indefatigable thirst for knowledge already in childhood. Books played a big role in his life. In the Nezhin School, where he received his education, he was not given sufficient knowledge. That is why he subscribed additionally to literary magazines and almanacs.
Even in his school years, he began to compose witty epigrams. Teachers were the subject of ridicule of the future writer. But the lyceum student did not attach much importance to such creative research. After completing the course, he dreamed of leaving for St. Petersburg, believing that he could get a job there in the public service.
Service in the office
The dream came true, and the lyceum graduate left his native land. However, in St. Petersburg, he was able to get only a modest place in the office. In parallel with this work, he created small but they were bad, and he bought almost all copies of the first poem, which was called "Hans Küchelgarten", in a bookstore and burned it with his own hand.
Longing for a small homeland
Soon, failures in creativity and material difficulties plunged Gogol into despondency. The northern capital began to cause melancholy in his soul. And more and more often the employee of the small office recalled Ukrainian landscapes dear to the heart. Not everyone knows what book brought Gogol fame. But there is no schoolchild in our country who would not know the work “Evenings on a Farm near Dikanka”. The creation of this book was inspired by longing for a small homeland. And that's exactly what literary work brought fame to Gogol and allowed him to gain recognition from his fellow writers. A laudatory review of Pushkin himself was awarded to Gogol. The books of the great poet and writer in his youth had a decisive influence on him. That is why the opinion of the luminary of literature was especially valuable for the young author.
"Petersburg Tales" and other works
Since then, Gogol was well received in literary circles. He closely communicated with Pushkin and Zhukovsky, which could not but affect his work. From now on, writing became the meaning of life for him. He took this matter very seriously. And the result was not long in coming.
During this period, Gogol's most famous books were written. Their list suggests that the writer worked in an extremely intensive mode and did not give particular preference to one or another genre. His works caused a resonance in the world of literature. Belinsky wrote about the talent of the young prose writer, who is distinguished by his amazing ability to recognize unique abilities at an early stage. The realistic direction laid down by Pushkin developed at a decent level, as evidenced by Gogol's books. Their list includes the following works:
- "Portrait".
- "Diary of a Madman".
- "Nose".
- "Nevsky Avenue".
- "Taras Bulba".
Each of them is unique in its own way. In a sense, Nikolai Gogol became an innovator. His books were distinguished by the fact that for the first time in the history of Russian literature they touched on the topic. It was done superficially, but before that the fate of thousands ordinary people portrayed in fiction only in passing.
But no matter how strong and unique the talent of the creator of The Overcoat, he made a special contribution to literature thanks to the writing of The Inspector General and Dead Souls.
Satire
Early works brought Gogol success. However, the writer was not satisfied with this. Gogol did not want to remain just a contemplator of life. The realization that the mission of the writer is extremely great grew stronger and stronger in his soul. The artist is able to convey to his readers his vision of modern reality, thereby influencing the consciousness of the masses. From now on, Gogol created for the benefit of Russia and its people. His books testify to this good intention. The poem "Dead Souls" has become the greatest work in literature. However, after the release of the first volume, the writer was severely attacked by adherents of conservative views.
The difficult situation that developed in the life and work of the writer led to the fact that he failed to complete the poem. The second volume, which was written shortly before his death, was burned by the writer.
The influence of Gogol's work on the development of Russian literature.
Nikolai Vasilievich Gogol - the most mysterious star in the sky of Russian literature of the 19th and 20th centuries - still amazes the reader and viewer and magic power descriptiveness, and the most unusual originality of his way to the Motherland, to unraveling and even ... creating a future for her. Inclination to the Future... Gogol - let's remember once again Pushkin's dream "The rumor about me will spread throughout the whole of Great Russia", and Mayakovsky's bashful hope "I want to be understood by my native country" that sounded a hundred years later - completed the idea of moving into the Future, into the anxious and, as many believed, in the “beautiful Dapeko”, which would not only be cruel to a person. And in this regard, it is closest to many things in Russian folklore, in folk song
“It is impossible to forget anything that Gogol said, even trifles, even unnecessary ones,” noted F.M. Dostoevsky. “Gogol had Phidias’s chisel,” wrote V.V. Rozanov, a philosopher and critic of the 20th century. - How many words are dedicated to Petrushka, Chichikov's lackey? And I remember no less than Nikolai Rostov. And Osip? In fact ... The melancholy Osip, Khlestakov's servant in The Inspector General, says just something, warning his master, the inspired writer of the poem about his own significance: “Get out of here. By God, it’s time already,” and accepts gifts from merchants, including… a commemorative rope (“Give me a rope, and the rope will come in handy on the way”). But this “rope in reserve” was remembered by many generations of Russian viewers.
And with what supernatural fullness it was in Gogol that two most beautiful qualities, living separately in many, with the exception of Pushkin, were combined: an exceptional vital observation and an equally rare power of imagination. If the artistic image as the main exponent of the spiritual life of Russia, the focus of its spiritual life, before Gogol was, as it were, distant from the facts, from factuality, then in Gogol's work it was long before M. Gorky! - the fact, as it were, moved into the depths of the image, sharpened the image, made it heavier.
Incredibly wide harem pants, the fateful pipe, Taras Bulba's "cradle", the dried-up "singing doors" in the idyllic house of the "old-world landowners" will forever arise from Gogol's reality. And the enigmatic melody of the “string ringing in the fog” from the St. Petersburg fantastic dreams of Poprishchin (“Notes of a Madman”) that struck even A. Blok.
Until now, it is difficult to decide whether we “remember” in detail even the magic trinity bird itself, this “simple, it seems, road projectile”? Or every time, together with Gogol, do we “compose” this winged trio in our own way, “complete”, decipher the transcendent riddle of the indomitable, horror-inducing movement? An immense secret "by the smoke of a smoking road", the secret of horses unknown to the world with incredible, but, as it were, visible "whirlwinds In their manes"? Gogol's contemporary I. Kireevsky was probably right when he said that after reading "Dead Souls" we have "hope and thought about the great purpose of our fatherland."
But until now, the unanswered question is mysterious - the epigraph to all post-Gogol literature - “Rus, where are you rushing to? Give an answer. Gives no answer! And what can be the answer if Russia-troika rushes “through Korobochek and Sobakevichi” (P.v. Palievsky)? If two of the most famous writers of the early twentieth century, creating their image of Gogol close to symbolism, made up this Russia-troika “from the insane Poprishchin, the witty Khlestakov and the prudent Chichikov” (D.S. Merezhkovsky) or ?. “Gogol is rich: not one, but two troikas - Nozdryov - Chichikov - Manilov and Korobochka - Plyushkin - Sobakevich ... Nozdryov - Chichikov - Manilov through the forests and mountains life hover under the clouds - an airy troika. Life is not built, but the owners - another trio: Korobochka - Plyushkin - Sobakevich.
What did Gogol teach all subsequent Russian literature?
The usual answer is that he brought Laughter as the element of life to the fore, that viewers and readers have never laughed so much in Russia - after D. Fonvizin's Undergrowth with his Prostakovs, Skotinins and Mitrofanushka, after A. Griboedov's Woe from Wit, - how they laughed together with Gogol, is hardly accurate in everything. Gogol's laughter in "Evenings on a Farm near Dikanka" (1832) is still bright, light, sometimes funny, although often the appearances of all kinds of sorcerers, sorcerers, thieves of the moon alternate with continuous dances frightening with their automatism, with a "hopak", as if protecting this optimism . An unbridled tide of some desperate mischief holds together an ideal and idyllic world.
And what is the laughter in the "Petersburg tales", in the entire Gogolian demonology of Petersburg, that most fatal, deliberate city in Russia? Gogol removes in these stories the amusing or terrible figures of the carriers of evil, all visual mischievous fantasy and devilry, removes somewhere Basavryuk, the lady-witch, mermaids, sorcerers - but some kind of faceless, boundless evil reigns in his Petersburg. For the first time in Russian prose, that “diaboliad” is born, that world evil, which will then be “disenchanted” by Bulgakov in The Master and Margaret with his Satan Woland, and Platonov in many plays, and of course, A. Bely in Paterburg ", F.K. Sologub in "Small Demon" and even Shukshin in his phantasmagories "Until the third roosters" and "In the morning they woke up ...". Even Dostoevsky came out of more than one "Overcoat", and Sukhovo-Kobylin with his dramatic trilogy "Krechinsky's Wedding", "Delo", "Death of Tarepkin", as well as from Gogol's "Nose" with its deceptive figurativeness, false concreteness, terrible illusoryness, fear of space, the desire to hide from the oncoming emptiness ... Squares of hypertrophied dimensions in St. Petersburg ... reflect the incomplete habitation, little overworking of space in early St. Petersburg (it is no coincidence that shoes are not robbed on a wide square, while in Moscow this was done in narrow alleys). Petersburg fear, evil itself in Gogol's "Petersburg stories" - this is no longer a bad neighbor-damn, a sorcerer, not Basavryuk. The writer does not see the carriers of living evil, the carriers of witchcraft. The whole Nevsky Prospekt is a continuing phantasmagoria, a deceit: “Everything is a deceit, everything is a dream, everything is not what it seems!” With this spell, Gogol completes Nevsky Prospekt, an alarming story about the tragic death of the idealist artist Piskarev and the happy “enlightenment”, getting rid of the thirst for revenge, the vulgar lieutenant Pirogov, flogged by German artisans. From this Petersburg, along with Khlestakov, it is precisely fear, the satellite and shadow of Petersburg, that will come to the prefabricated provincial city in The Inspector General.
Gogol “sang” (didn’t he?) Petersburg in such a peculiar way that many historians later unfairly blamed and reproached him: with him, Gogol, the well-known “tarnishing”, darkening of the image of Petersburg, clouding of its regal beauty, the protracted era of the tragic twilight of Petropolis begins.
It was after Gogol that the tragic Petersburg of Dostoevsky, and the whole disturbing silhouette of a ghost town in the novel Petersburg by A. Bely, and that city of A. Blok, where “Above the bottomless pit into eternity, / Panting, a trotter flies ... ”. Gogol's Petersburg in the 20th century became the prototype, the basis of that grandiose stage platform for the multi-act action of revolutions, became a city "familiar to tears" (O. Mandelstam), for A. Blok in the poem "The Twelve" and many others.
The scope and depth of contradictions in the artist are often evidence of the greatness of his quest, the transcendentity of hopes and sorrows. Did Gogol, who created the comedy The Inspector General (1836), together with the future Khlestakov (he was called Skakunov in the first edition) understand this new, mirage space, full of echoes of the future, did he understand the whole meaning of The Inspector General, his brilliant creation?
The comical heroes of The Inspector General are extremely distinct, like sculptured figures of officials, inhabitants of the prefabricated city, as if drawn into the field of action of forces alienated, even from the author, into the field of absurdity, delusion. They are completed by some kind of impersonal carousel. They even break into the stage, literally squeezing out, cutting off the door, as Bobchinsky stumbled into Khlestakov's room, knocking down the door to the floor from the corridor. Gogol himself seems to be alienated from comedy, where the element of laughter reigns, the element of action and expressive language. Only at the end of the comedy does he, as it were, “remember”, he tries to relate both to the audience and to himself a very instructive and woeful doubt: “Why are you laughing? Laugh at yourself!" By the way, in the text of 1836 this meaningful remark, the signal to stop the "carousel", to the general petrification, the transformation of sinners into a kind of "pillars of salt", was not. Are they, the funny heroes of The Inspector General, so villainous? Before Gogol, there were no such truthful, frank, gullible "villains", as if begging to soften the punishment, rushing about with their vices, as if in confession, laying out everything about themselves. They behave as if they were walking under God, convinced that Khlestakov (the messenger of the terrible, St. Petersburg higher power) and knows their thoughts and deeds in advance ...
Dead Souls (1842) is a solitary, even more difficult attempt by Gogol, the direct predecessor of Dostoevsky’s prophetic realism, to express the ultimate conceptual “Russian point of view” on the fate of man in the world, on all his irrational connections, to express through analysis the feelings of conscience and voice vices. The immortal poem is a synthesis of the entire artistic spiritual experience of the writer and, at the same time, a sharp overcoming of the boundaries of literature, foreshadowing even Tolstoy's future renunciation of the artistic word. By the way, Leo Tolstoy, by the way, will speak almost Gogol about spiritual exhaustion, the overstrain of the Russian writer’s perceiving thought, about his suffering conscience and the torments of the word: for him in his later years, on the threshold of the twentieth century, all creativity is the knowledge of the Motherland “at the limit of thought and at the beginning of the prayer.
Gogol is the founder of a great series of grandiose ethical attempts to save Russia by turning it to Christ: it was continued both in the sermons of L. Tolstoy, and in S. Yesenin’s often woeful attempts to realize the fate, the whirlwind of events, the deeds of those that were in Russia in 1917 only “ They sprayed around, hoofed / And disappeared under the devil's whistle. And even in some kind of sacrifice by V. Mayakovsky: “I will pay for everyone, I will pay for everyone” ... The death of A. Blok in 1921 at the moment when music disappeared in the era is also a distant version of “Gogol’s self-immolation”. Gogol "gogolized" many decisions and thoughts of writers. It was as if he was trying to move the most immovable, petrified, to call everyone along the path of Russia-troika. And the mystery of "Dead Souls", that is, the first volume, with Chichikov's visits to six landowners (each of them is either "deader" or more alive than the previous one), with fragments of the second volume, is most often solved by focusing on the image of the road, on the motives movement. As in The Inspector General, Gogol's thought in Dead Souls seems to rush through sinful Russia, past the heap of junk in Plyushkin's house to holy, ideal Russia. The idea of God-forsaken Russia is refuted by many penetrating mournful looks in the biographies of heroes, including Chichikov. Often the writer both hears and sees what goes to the aid of his despair, his longing: “It is still a mystery - this inexplicable revelry that is heard in our songs rushes somewhere past life and the song itself, as if burned by the desire for a better homeland” . His Chichikov, who laughed at Sobakevich's "comments" on the list of dead souls, suddenly creates entire poems about the carpenter Stepan Probka, about the barge hauler Abakum Fyrov, who has gone to the Volga, where reigns "revelry of a wide life" and a song "endless like Russia."
Gogol's life and work is divided into three stages. Each of them has its own semantic features. In his works, the mystical and the real are combined, the author uses humorous techniques. All his work had a huge impact on all Russian literature.
In 1829 the first period in Gogol's work began and ended in 1835. At this time he writes satirical works. He received the name "Petersburg". For the first time in this city he experienced adversity and problems. He saw real life in a negative light. The writer had a dream of a happy life. At this time, his first collections "Evenings on a farm near Dikanka", "Mirgorod" and "Arabesques" were published. They depict pictures of life, from his previous life in Ukraine.
From 1836, the second stage began, which lasted until 1842. The works of this stage are distinguished by realism. At this time, he prints The Government Inspector and Dead Souls. In them, Gogol raised problems revealing the vices of people, corruption, vulgarity, lies. He ridiculed them, trying to defeat them in this way.
Since 1842, the third and last period in the work of N.V. Gogol. It ended in 1852. During this period, Gogol exposes his inner world, he raises philosophical and religious questions. When he lived abroad, in complete oblivion and loneliness, he turned to religion and rethought his life.
At this moment, he is working on the second volume of "Dead Souls", in which the author wanted to find positive features with negative characters. In the work “Selected places from correspondence with friends”, the writer depicted his spiritual world, and the crisis. Gogol falls ill, burns his work "Dead Souls", and soon after that he dies.
N.V. Gogol wrote works of various genres, but in all of them a person stands in the center. Folk legends, epics were included in the plot of the works.
In his books there is a connection real world with fantasy. Mystical and real heroes live in the same time. This shows the romantic orientation of the works of the writer's early work.
Mysticism was in the writer's life all the time. Gogol remains not only a writer, but also a great mystic of our time.
Message 2
Speaking about the work of Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol, one must first of all turn to the times of the school of the writer. His writing data were received congenitally from his parents, and were fixed in the Nizhyn Lyceum, where the famous writer studied. There was a particular shortage of teaching material in the lyceum, in order for young people who wanted to know more to quench their thirst for knowledge. For this, it was additionally necessary to write out the works of well-known, at that time, writers. They were Zhukovsky and Pushkin. Gogol also took the initiative to become editor-in-chief of the local school magazine.
The development of creativity N.V. Gogol went from romanticism on the way to realism. And in every way these two styles were mixed throughout the life of the writer. The first attempts at literary writing were no good, since life in Russia oppressed him, and his thoughts and dreams rushed to his native Ukraine, where the writer spent his childhood.
The poem "Hanz Kühelgarten" became the first published work of N.V. Gogol, in 1829. Her character was more romantic and the poem was a Fossian imitation. But after negative criticism, the poem was immediately burned by the writer. Romanticism and realism are well mixed in the collection Evenings on a Farm near Dikanka. It so well reflected the dream of a beautiful and uncomplicated, direct and happy life. The author was able to portray Ukraine in a completely different way, in his works there was restlessness, conflict, the liquidation of human relations, criminal acts in front of fellow countrymen, intertwined with the detachment of the individual.
N.V. Gogol idolized Pushkin and Zhukovsky, they were his inspirers, which helped the birth of such works as Nevsky Prospekt, Tras Bulba, Viy.
Two subsequent collections, "Arabesques" and "Mirgorod", transferred readers to the environment of officials, where it was full of minor worries and misfortunes that burden the everyday life of the people described there. Romantic themes and encounters were more realistic, which made it possible to rebuild all the degrees of writing the poem. The theme of the "little man" was well revealed in the story "The Overcoat", and became the main one in Russian literature.
The talent of a satirist and the path of an innovator in creating dramatic works was noted in the comedies The Inspector General and The Marriage. It was completely new stage in the creative activity of the writer.
Gogol's works have always been imbued with the spirit of Ukraine, with notes of humor, full of humanity and tragedy.
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Composition
Will the time come
(Come desired!).
When the people are not Blucher
And not my lord foolish,
Belinsky and Gogol
Will you carry it from the market?
N. Nekrasov
The work of Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol goes far beyond national and historical boundaries. His works opened to a wide range of readers the fabulous and bright world of the heroes of the stories from the collection "Evenings on a Farm near Dikanka", the harsh and freedom-loving characters of "Taras Bulba", opened the veil of the mystery of the Russian people in the poem "Dead Souls". Far from the revolutionary ideas of Radishchev, Griboyedov, the Decembrists, Gogol meanwhile expresses a sharp protest with all his work against the autocratic-serf system, which cripples and destroys human dignity, personality, and the very life of the people subject to him. By the power of the artistic word, Gogol makes millions of hearts beat in unison, kindles the noble fire of mercy in the souls of readers.
In 1831, the first collection of his novels and short stories, Evenings on a Farm near Dikanka, was published. It included "The Evening on the Eve of Ivan Kupala", "May Night, or the Drowned Woman", "The Missing Letter", "Sorochinsky Fair", "The Night Before Christmas". From the pages of his works, lively characters of cheerful Ukrainian lads and girls emerge. The freshness and purity of love, friendship, camaraderie are their remarkable qualities. Written in a romantic style based on folklore, fairy tale sources, Gogol's novels and stories recreate a poetic picture of the life of the Ukrainian people.
Happily in love Gritsko and Parasky, Levko and Ganna, Vakula and Oksana are hindered by the forces of evil. in the spirit folk tales the writer embodied these forces in the images of witches, devils, werewolves. But no matter how wicked the evil forces are, the people will overcome them. And so the blacksmith Vakula, having broken the stubbornness of the old devil, forced him to take himself to St. Petersburg for little laces for his beloved Oksana. The old Cossack from the story "The Missing Letter" outwitted the witches.
In 1835, the second collection of Gogol's stories, Mirgorod, was published, which included stories written in a romantic style: Old World Landowners, Taras Bulba, Viy, The Tale of How Ivan Ivanovich Quarreled with Ivan Nikiforovich. In The Old World Landowners and The Tale of How Ivan Ivanovich Quarreled with Ivan Nikiforovich, the writer reveals the insignificance of the representatives of the serf-owner class, who lived only for the sake of the stomach, indulged in endless squabbles and quarrels, in whose hearts, instead of noble civic feelings, lived exorbitantly petty envy, selfishness, cynicism. And the story "Taras Bulba" takes the reader to a completely different world, which depicts a whole era in the national liberation struggle of the Ukrainian people, its fraternal friendship with the great Russian people. Before writing the story, Gogol worked hard on the study of historical documents about popular uprisings.
The image of Taras Bulba embodies the best features of the freedom-loving Ukrainian people. He devoted his whole life to the struggle for the liberation of Ukraine from oppressors. In bloody battles with enemies, he teaches the Cossacks by personal example how to serve the motherland. When his own son Andriy betrayed the sacred cause, Taras did not flinch to kill him. Having learned that the enemies have captured Ostap, Taras makes his way through all the obstacles and dangers to the very center of the enemy camp and, looking at the terrible torments that Ostap endures, worries most of all about how his son would not show cowardice during the torture, for then the enemy can console himself with the weakness of the Russian people.
In his speech to the Cossacks, Taras Bulba says: “Let them all know what partnership means in the Russian land! If it comes to that, to die, then none of them will ever die like that! .. No one, no one! And when the enemies seized old Taras and led him to a terrible execution, when they, having tied him to a tree, laid a fire under him, the Cossack did not think about his life, but until his last breath he was with his comrades in the struggle. “Yes, are there such fires, torments and such a force in the world that would overpower the Russian force!” - the writer exclaims enthusiastically.
Following the collection "Mirgorod", Gogol publishes "Arabesques", where his articles on literature, history, painting and three stories were placed - "Nevsky Prospekt", "Portrait", "Notes of a Madman"; later, "The Nose", "Carriage", "Overcoat", "Rome" are printed, attributed by the author to the "Petersburg cycle".
In the story "Nevsky Prospekt", the writer claims that everything in the northern capital breathes lies, and the highest human feelings and impulses are trampled on by the power and power of money. An example of this is the sad fate of the hero of the story - the artist Piskarev. The story "Portrait" is dedicated to showing the tragic fate of folk talents in serf Russia.
In The Overcoat, one of Gogol's most remarkable works, the writer continues the theme raised by Pushkin in The Stationmaster, the theme of the "little man" in autocratic Russia. Petty official Akaki Akakievich Bashmachkin long years without straightening his back, he copied papers, not noticing anything around. He is poor, his horizons are narrow, his only dream is to acquire a new overcoat. What joy lit up the official's face when he finally put on a new overcoat! But a misfortune happened - the robbers took away his "treasure" from Akaky Akakievich. He seeks protection from his superiors, but everywhere he encounters cold indifference, contempt and misunderstanding.
In 1835, Gogol finished the comedy The Inspector General, in which, by his own admission, he was able to put together everything that was bad and unfair in Russia at that time and laugh at it all at once. The epigraph of the play - "There is nothing to blame on the mirror, if the face is crooked" - the author emphasizes the connection between comedy and reality. When the play was staged, the real prototypes of its heroes, all these Khlestakovs and Derzhimord, recognizing themselves in the gallery of swindlers, yelled that Gogol was allegedly slandering the nobility. Unable to withstand the attacks of ill-wishers, in 1836 Nikolai Vasilievich went abroad for a long time. There he worked hard on the poem "Dead Souls". “I could not dedicate a single line to someone else’s,” he wrote from abroad. “I am chained to my own with an irresistible chain, and I preferred our poor dim world, our smoky huts, bare spaces to the best heaven, who looked at me more affably.”
In 1841 Gogol brought his work to Russia. But only a year later the writer managed to print the main creation of life. The generalizing power of the gallery of satirical images created by the author - Chichikov, Manilov, Nozdrev, Sobakevich, Plyushkin, Korobochka - was so impressive and well-aimed that the poem immediately aroused indignation and hatred of the apologists for serfdom and at the same time won ardent sympathy and admiration from the writer's advanced contemporaries . The true meaning of "Dead Souls" was revealed by the great Russian critic V. G. Belinsky. He compared them to a flash of lightning, called them a "truly patriotic" work.
The significance of Gogol's work is enormous, and not only for Russia. “The same officials,” Belinsky said, “only in a different dress: in France and England they do not buy up dead souls, but bribe living souls in free parliamentary elections!” Life has confirmed the correctness of these words.
Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol was born on April 1, 1809 in the town of Velikie Sorochintsy, Mirgorodsky district, Poltava province, in the family of a landowner. The Gogol family had a large property, about a thousand acres of land and about four hundred souls of peasants.
Gogol spent all his childhood in the Yanovshchina estate, which belonged to the parents of Nikolai Vasilyevich. His mother tried very hard to instill in her son a love of religion. Gogol was interested in this, but not so much religion as a whole, as prophecies about the Last Judgment and about the idea of the afterlife retribution.
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Also in childhood, Gogol began to write poetry.
Nikolai Vasilyevich began to study. At first it was the Poltava district school, then private lessons, and then Nikolai Vasilyevich entered the gymnasium of higher sciences in Nizhyn. Here he begins to try himself in different literary genres, but he is not going to associate himself with this, because he dreams of a legal career.
After graduating from the gymnasium in 1828, Gogol went to St. Petersburg, but there he met with failure. The poem "Idyll in Pictures" written by him causes laughter and indulgence. Then Nikolai Vasilievich suddenly leaves for Germany, and just as suddenly he returns. But here again, failure, he does not enter the stage as a dramatic actor.
At the end of 1829, he served in the Department of State Economy and Public Buildings of the Ministry of the Interior. In the interval from 1830 to 1831, he served in the department of appanages.
This experience gave Gogol a disillusionment with public service and a craving for literature. He begins to spend a lot of time on this matter. His works are beginning to appear. Gogol begins to spend a lot of time in the circle of Pushkin and Zhukovsky. And, finally, in 1831-1832, Evenings on a Farm near Dikanka were published. After the release of the second part of this work, Gogol becomes famous, he goes to Moscow. But then he begins to have difficulties with censorship.
Gogol became more and more interested in history, and several times tried to teach at universities, but he was not accepted. A little later he became an adjunct professor in the department of world history.
In parallel with this, he writes stories that had their own style, a vivid example of this was the work "The Nose" and "Taras Bulba".
When Gogol wrote The Inspector General, the reaction to his work was ambiguous. The fact is that already two months after the completion of writing the comedy, Gogol already put it on stage. But after a while, criticism rained down on Nikolai Vasilyevich, which greatly upset Gogol. The deterioration of relations with Pushkin also added fuel to the fire.
Nikolai Vasilyevich begins to spend a lot of time abroad. He goes to Germany, then to Switzerland. And at the same time he is working on the work “Dead Souls”, the idea of which, as the idea of the “Inspector General”, was suggested by Pushkin. And being in France, Gogol learns about his death. Then Nikolai Vasilievich decided that this work was like a kind of "sacred testament" of the poet.
Since 1837, Gogol has been on the road again: Rome, Turin, Baden-Baden, Frankfurt, Geneva and again Rome.
Further, the life of Nikolai Vasilyevich is in full swing. He goes to Moscow, reads the chapters of the first volume of Dead Souls, receives good feedback, leaves again, burns some chapters of the work, finishes it and submits it for censorship. And when he decided to write the second volume, Gogol had a crisis. He travels a lot, but the work is very difficult to write. And in the end he burns it.
Nikolai Vasilyevich begins the first spiritual crisis, he is being treated, and only by the autumn of 1845 did he feel better. He goes back to the second volume of Dead Souls, but it's still difficult. Gogol is distracted a lot by other things. After writing the book "Selected passages from correspondence with friends", Gogol receives another blow. He is getting heavily criticized. This had a very bad effect on Nikolai Vasilyevich. After that, he reads a lot and decides to go on a pilgrimage to holy places. In 1849 - 1850, Nikolai Vasilyevich decided to read some chapters of the second volume of Dead Souls, and Gogol's friends liked them. Then he decides to finally think about family life and makes an offer to Anna Mikhailovna Vielgorskaya, but she refuses the writer.
Gogol continues to work on the second volume of Dead Souls. He leads a fairly active lifestyle, and in 1852 he completes the second volume, but Gogol begins a crisis. He meets with Father Matthew, and on February 7 he confesses and takes communion. On the night of 11/12, he burns the entire second volume, leaving only drafts of five chapters. February 21, in the morning, Gogol died.
