American connectors. Electric sockets in the world
List of connector standards
List of connector standards
In the world, the two main standards of voltage and frequency are most common. One of them is American standard 110-127 Volt 60 Hertz, together with plugs A and B. The other one is European standard, 220-240 Volt 50 Hertz, plug types C - M.
Most countries have adopted one of these two standards, although transitional or unique standards are sometimes found. On the map, we can see in which countries certain standards are used.
Voltage/Frequency.
Fork types.
Types currently in use
Electrical plugs and sockets vary from country to country in shape, size, maximum current, and other features. The type used in each country is fixed by law, by the adoption of national standards. In this article, each type is identified by a letter from a US government publication.
Type A
Type A unpolarized plug
NEMA 1-15 (North American 15 A/125 V, ungrounded), according to GOST 7396 .1-89 - type A 1-15
Unusual American Type A 5-socket block, circa 1928
This type of plug and socket, with two flat parallel non-coplanar (not lying in the plane of the plug body) blades and slots, is used in most North American countries and on the east coast of South America, with devices that do not require earthing, such as lamps and small devices with double insulation. This type has been adopted by 38 countries outside of North America and is standardized in the US by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) NEMA 1-15 outlets have been banned in new buildings in the US and Canada since 1962, but remain in many older homes and still being sold for refurbishment. Type A plugs are still very common because they are compatible with Type B sockets.
Initially, the pins of the plug and the slot of the socket were the same height, and the plug could be inserted into the socket in any orientation. Modern plugs and sockets are polarized with a wider neutral contact so that the plug can only be inserted the right way. Polarized Type A plugs do not fit into non-polarized Type A sockets because both slots in the socket are equally narrow. However, unpolarized and polarized Type A plugs fit into a polarized Type A and Type B socket. Some devices that do not care about the location of live and neutral wires, such as sealed power supplies, are still manufactured with unpolarized Type A plugs (both pins are narrow). ).
Japanese socket with earthing plug for washing machine.
JIS C 8303, Class II (Japanese 15 A/100 V ungrounded)
Japanese plug and socket identical to NEMA 1-15 type. However, Japan has stricter plug body dimensions, different marking requirements, and requires mandatory testing and approval by the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) or JIS.
Many Japanese sockets and power strips are non-polarized - the slots in the sockets are the same size - and will only accept non-polarized plugs. Japanese plugs will generally fit most North American outlets without issue, but polarized North American plugs may require an adapter or replacement to fit older Japanese outlets. However, the mains voltage in Japan is 100V and the frequency in the East is 50Hz, not 60Hz, so North American devices can be connected to the Japanese network, but right job not guaranteed.
Type B
NEMA 5-15 (North American 15 A/125 V, grounded), according to GOST 7396 .1-89 - type A 5-15Type B fork has, in addition to parallel flat blades, round or letter-shaped U ground contact (American NEMA 5-15/Canadian CSA 22.2, _ 42). It is rated for a current of 15 amps and a voltage of 125 volts. The grounding contact is longer than the phase and neutral, which means that a ground connection is guaranteed before the power is turned on. Sometimes both power pins on type B plugs are narrow because the ground pin prevents the plug from being plugged in incorrectly, but the slots in the socket are different sizes for correct connection type A plugs. If the grounding contact is at the bottom, the phase will be on the right.
The 5-15 socket is the standard throughout North America (Canada, USA and Mexico). True, Mexico also uses Japanese-type sockets. The 5-15 socket is also used in Central America, the Caribbean, northern South America (Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela and parts of Brazil), Japan, Taiwan and Saudi Arabia.
In some parts of the US, new buildings now require outlets with protective shutters to prevent foreign objects from being inserted into them.
5-20R receptacle with a neutral T-slot installed with the ground contact facing up.
In theaters, this connector is sometimes called PBG(Parallel Blade with Ground, parallel blades with the ground), Edison or Hubbell, by the name of the main manufacturer.
NEMA 5-20 (North American 20 A/125 V, grounded) according to GOST 7396 .1-89 - type A 5-20
In newer residential areas, since about 1992, 20 amp T-slot sockets allow both 15 amp parallel blade plugs and 20 amp plugs to be plugged in.
JIS C 8303 Class I (Japanese 15A/100V grounded)
Japan also uses a Type B plug similar to the North American one. However, it is less common than its Type A equivalent.
Type C
Plug and socket CEE 7/16
(Not to be confused with three-pin IEC connectors C13 and C14)
CEE 7/16 (Europlug (Europlug) 2.5 A/250 V, without grounding), according to GOST 7396 .1-89 - type C5 option II
For more on this topic, see: Europlug.
This two-pin plug is known in Europe as the Europlug (Europlug, not to be confused with Schuko, which is called the Europlug in Russia). The plug is not grounded and has two round 4 mm prongs that usually converge slightly towards their free ends. It can be plugged into any socket that accepts 4mm diameter round pins spaced 19mm apart. It is described in CEE 7/16 and is also defined in the Italian standard CEI 23-5 and the Russian standard GOST 7396.
Euro plugs are available for class II devices throughout continental Europe (Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Hungary, Germany, Greenland, Greece, Denmark, Iceland, Spain, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Turkey, Ukraine, Finland, France, Croatia, Czech Republic, Switzerland, Sweden and Estonia). It is also used in the Middle East, most African countries, South America (Bolivia, Brazil, Peru, Uruguay and Chile), Asia (Bangladesh, Indonesia and Pakistan) as well as in the former Soviet republics and many developing countries. It is also used in many countries along with the BS 1363 plug, especially in the former British colonies.
This plug is rated at 2.5 A. Since it is non-polarized, it can be inserted into the outlet in any position, so the phase and neutral are connected randomly.
The spacing and length of the pins allow it to be safely plugged into most sockets CEE 7/17, type E (French), type H (Israeli), CEE 7/4 (Schuko), CEE 7/7, type J (Swiss), type K ( Danish) and type L (Italian).
Fork CEE 7/17
CEE 7/17 (German-French 16 A/250 V, ungrounded), according to GOST 7396 .1-89 - type C6
This plug also has two round pins, but they are 4.8 mm in diameter, like types E and F. The plug has a round plastic or rubber base that prevents it from being plugged into the small sockets provided for the Europlug. The plug only fits large round sockets for types E and F. The plug has both a hole for the grounding pin and contact strips for the side contacts. The plug is used in conjunction with class II devices designed for high operating current (vacuum cleaners, hair dryers), and in South Korea - with any household appliances that do not require grounding. It is also defined in the Italian standard CEI 23-5. Can be plugged into an Israeli type H socket, although this is undesirable as they are designed for smaller diameter pins.
Hybrid Type E/F
Plug CEE 7/7
CEE 7/7 (French-German 16 A / 250 V, grounded), according to GOST 7396 .1-89 - type C4
For compatibility with types E and F, a CEE 7/7 plug has been developed. It is polarized when used with a type E socket, but in type F sockets, the connection of the phase and neutral wires is not observed. The plug is rated for 16 A. It has earthing clips on both sides for connection to a CEE 7/4 socket and a female contact for the earthing pin of an E socket. Appliances shipped to countries using standard E or F are supplied with this type of plug.
Type G
BS 1363 (British 13 A/230-240 V 50 Hz, earthed, fused), according to GOST 7396 .1-89 - type B2
Plug according to British Standard 1363. This type used not only in the UK, but also in Ireland, Sri Lanka, Bahrain, UAE, Qatar, Yemen, Oman, Cyprus, Malta, Gibraltar, Botswana, Ghana, Hong Kong, Macau (Aomyn), Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia , Bangladesh, Kenya, Uganda, Nigeria, Mauritius, Iraq, Kuwait, Tanzania and Zimbabwe. BS 1363 is also the standard for some of the former British colonies in the Caribbean such as Belize, Dominica, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and Grenada. It is also used in Saudi Arabia in 230V appliances, although 110V appliances with a NEMA connector are more common.
This plug, more commonly known as the "13 amp plug", is a large plug with three rectangular prongs forming a triangle. The phase and neutral contacts are 18 mm long and 22 mm apart. 9 mm insulation at the base of the pins prevents accidental contact with the bare conductor when the plug is partially inserted. Grounding pin approx. 4 x 8 mm and approx. 23 mm long.
The plug has a built-in fuse. It is needed to protect the supply wire, since in the UK ring wiring is used, protected only by a central fuse, usually 32A. Any fuse can be inserted into the plug, but for safety reasons it must be rated for the maximum current of the protected device. The fuse has a length of 1 inch (25.4 mm) according to the British standard BS 1362. The wiring to the sockets is made with a neutral wire on the left, phase on the right (when looking at the front of the socket), so that a blown fuse in the plug breaks the phase wire. The same convention is used for all British sockets connected directly to the mains wiring.
The British Wiring Rules (BS 7671) require that sockets in houses at the phase and neutral holes have shutters so that nothing but electrical plugs can be inserted. The shutters open when the longer grounding prong is inserted. The shutters also prevent the use of plugs of other standards. For class II plugs that do not require earthing, the earthing prong is often made of plastic and serves only to open the shutters and comply with the rules for connecting phase and neutral. It is generally possible to open the shutters with a screwdriver blade to insert a Type C plug (but not the British BS 4573 razor plug) or other types of plugs, but this is dangerous as these plugs do not have a fuse and can jam in the socket.
BS 1363 plugs and sockets began to appear in 1946, and BS 1363 was first published in 1947. By the late 1950s, it had replaced the earlier Type D BS 546 in new appliances, and by the late 1960s, Type D devices had been converted to Type BS 1363. Outlets often have phase switches for convenience and safety.
Type H
Two Israeli plugs and one socket. On the left is the old standard fork, on the right is the 1989 upgrade.
SI 32 (Israeli 16A/250V earthed)
This plug, defined in SI 32 (IS16A-R), is not found anywhere outside of Israel and is not compatible with other socket types. It has three flat pins arranged in a Y-shape. Live and neutral are 19mm apart. The Type H plug is designed for 16A current, but in practice, thin flat pins can cause the plug to overheat when connecting powerful devices. In 1989 the standard was revised. Three round 4 mm pins are now used, placed in the same way. Sockets manufactured since 1989 accept both flat and round pins for compatibility with both types of plugs. This also allows the connection of type C plugs, used in Israel for ungrounded devices, to type H sockets. Older sockets, circa 1970s, have both flat and round holes for phase and neutral to accept both Type C and H plugs. As of 2008, Type H sockets, accepting only older Type H plugs, very rare in Israel.
This plug is also used in areas controlled by the Palestinian National Authority in the West Bank of the Jordan River and in the Gaza Strip.
Type I
Australian 3-pin double socket with switches
AS/NZS 3112 (Australasian type 10A/240V)
For more on this topic, see: AS 3112.
This type of plug, used in Australia, New Zealand, Fiji, Argentina and Papua New Guinea, has a grounding prong and two inverted V-shaped flat power contacts. angle of 30° to the vertical with a nominal distance of 13.7 mm between them. Australian and New Zealand wall sockets almost always have switches for greater safety, as in England. An ungrounded version of this plug, with two angled power prongs but no ground prong, is used with small appliances having double insulation, but wall power outlets always have three pins, including ground.
There are several variations of the AS/NZS 3112 plug, including one with a wider grounding prong for applications up to 15A; sockets that support this contact also support 10-amp plugs. There is a 20 amp version with oversized all three pins, as well as 25 amp and 32 amp options with oversized pins like a 20 amp plug, forming an inverted "L" for 25A and a horizontal "U" for 32A . Such outlets accept plugs of the same or less maximum amperage, but not plugs rated for higher amperage. For example, a 10A plug will fit into all outlets, but a 20A plug will only fit into 20, 25, and 32A outlets).
The Australasian plug/receptacle system was originally called the C112 standard (originated in 1937 as a temporary solution, adopted as a formal standard in 1938), which was replaced by the AS 3112 standard in 1990. For 2005, the last major change is AS/NZS 3112:2004, which mandates insulation on power contacts. However, it is allowed to use equipment and wires manufactured before 2003.
Chinese sockets accepting plug types A, C (top) and I (bottom, standard)
China Compulsory Certification Mark (CCC)
CPCS-CCC (Chinese 10 A/250 V), according to GOST 7396 .1-89 - type A10-20
Although Chinese sockets have 1 mm longer pins, Australasian plugs can be inserted into them. The standard for Chinese plugs and sockets is established by GB 2099.1-1996 and GB 1002-1996. As part of China's commitment to join the WTO, introduced new system CPCS (Compulsory Product Certification System) certification, and corresponding Chinese plugs receive the CCC (China Compulsory Certification) mark. The plug has three pins, ground. Designed for 10A, 250V and used in class 1 devices.
In China, sockets are installed upside down, compared to Australasian ones.
China also uses US-Japanese Type A plugs and receptacles for Class II devices. However, the voltage between the pins of a Chinese socket is always 220V, regardless of the type of plug.
IRAM 2073 (Argentinean 10A/250V)
The Argentine plug has three pins, grounding, and is designed for a current of 10A, a voltage of 250V. The standard is defined by the Argentine Institute for Standardization and Certification (Instituto Argentino de Normalización y Certificación, IRAM) and is used with Class 1 devices in Argentina and Uruguay.
This fork is similar in appearance to Australasian and Chinese forks. The pin length is the same as the Chinese version. The most important difference from the Australasian plug is that the phase and neutral are connected to it in reverse.
Type J
Type J plugs and sockets
SEV 1011 (Swiss type 10A/250V)
Switzerland has its own standard, described in document SEV 1011. (ASE1011/1959 SW10A-R) This plug is similar to the Euro plug type C (CEE 7/16) except that it has an offset earth pin and there are no insulated sleeves so that plugs that are not fully inserted into flush sockets present a risk of electric shock. Sockets used in kitchens, bathrooms and other wet rooms, have a recessed design, in other places - no. Some plugs and adapters are wedge-shaped and can be used anywhere, while others will only fit into flush sockets. Swiss sockets accept Swiss plugs or Euro plugs (CEE 7/16). There is also an ungrounded two-terminal version with the same shape, dimensions and distance between phase and neutral contacts as SEV 1011, but with a more flattened hexagonal shape. The plug fits round and hexagonal Swiss sockets and CEE 7/16 sockets. Designed for current up to 10 A.
A less common variant has 3 square contacts and is rated at 16 A. Above 16 A, the equipment must either be connected to the mains in a permanent way, with suitable branch protection, or connected using a suitable industrial connector.
Type K
Danish 107-2-D1, DK 2-1a standard, with round supply contacts and semicircular earth contact
Danish computer socket with turned flattened pins and semicircular earthing pin (used mainly for professional equipment), standard DK 2-5a
Section 107-2-D1 (Danish 10A/250V grounded)
This Danish standard plug is described in the Danish Plug Equipment Section 107-2-D1 Standard sheet (SRAF1962/DB 16/87 DN10A-R). The plug is similar to the French Type E, except it has a grounding prong instead of a grounding hole (the opposite is true in a socket). This makes the Danish socket more discreet than the French socket, which looks like a depression in the wall to protect the ground prong from damage and from touching the power prongs.
The Danish socket also accepts a CEE 7/16 Europlug or a CEE 7/17 Type E/F Schuko-French hybrid plug. Type F CEE 7/4 (Schuko), E/F CEE 7/7 (Schuko-French hybrid), and grounded French type E plugs will also fit this outlet, but should not be used for devices that require a grounding contact. Both plugs are rated for 10A.
The variant (standard DK 2-5a) of the Danish plug is only for interference-proof computer sockets. It will fit into an appropriate computer socket and a normal K-type socket, but the normal K-type plugs are deliberately made to not fit into a dedicated computer socket. This plug is often used in companies, but very rarely at home.
There is also an option for medical equipment, with a rectangular left pin. It is often used in life support systems.
Traditionally, all Danish sockets have been provided with a switch to prevent touching live contacts when plugging/unplugging the plug. Today, the use of sockets without switches is allowed, but such sockets must have a recess that protects a person from touching live contacts. However, usually the shape of the plug makes it very difficult to touch the contacts when connecting / disconnecting.
Since the early 1990s, grounded sockets have become mandatory in all new electrical installations in Denmark. Old sockets do not need to be grounded, but from July 1, 2008 all sockets, including old ones, must be protected by RCD (in Danish terminology - HFI).
From July 1, 2008, wall sockets type E (French, two-pin, with earth pin) are allowed in Denmark. This was done because equipment equipped with K-type plugs was not sold to private individuals and in order to break the monopoly of Lauritz Knudsen, the only company making K-type plugs and sockets.
Type F Schuko outlets will not be allowed. The reason is that most plugs currently in use in Denmark will get stuck in a Schuko socket. Doing so may damage the socket. It can also cause poor contact, with the risk of overheating and fire. Broken F-type sockets can often be seen in German hotels frequented by Danes. Many international travel adapters are sold outside of Denmark with plugs conforming to Type C CEE 7/16 (Europlug) and E/F CEE 7/7 (Chuco hybrid) which can be used in Denmark.
Type L
Plug and socket 23-16/VII
Visual comparison of Italian L-type plugs rated for 16 amps (left) and 10 amps (right).
Italian electrical installation with sockets of both types L (16 A on the left; 10 A on the right).
CEI 23-16/VII (Italian type 10A/250V and 16A/250V)
The Italian standard for earthed plug/socket, CEI 23-16/VII, includes two models, 10 A and 16 A, differing in pin diameter and spacing (see details below). Both are symmetrical and allow you to connect the phase with the neutral in any way.
The double standard was adopted because in Italy, until the second half of the 20th century, electricity for lighting ( Luce= lighting) and for other purposes ( Forza= force, electromotive force; or Uso Promiscuo= general purpose) were sold at different rates, with different taxes, were considered separate meters, and were transmitted over different wires ending in different sockets. Although both electric lines (and the corresponding tariffs) were combined in the summer of 1974 in many houses on long years left double wiring and double counters. Thus, the two sizes of plugs and sockets became the de facto standard in use today and standardized in the document CEI 23-16/VII. Older products are often equipped with sockets of one of the standards, either 10 A or 16 A, requiring the use of an adapter to connect a plug of a different size.
Ungrounded Euro plugs CEE 7/16 (type C) are also widely used; they are standardized in Italy as CEI 23-5 and fit most devices with low current requirement and double insulation.
Devices with CEE 7/7 plugs are also often sold in Italy, however, not every outlet is able to accept them, since the pins of CEE 7/7 plugs are thicker than Italian ones. Adapters are cheap and often used to connect CEE 7/7 plugs to CEI 23-16/VII sockets, but the current rating requirement (16A instead of 10A) is often violated, which can lead to unsafe connections in some cases.
CEI 23-16/VII (Italian 10A/250V)
The 10 amp type expands the CEE 7/16 by adding a center ground pin of the same size. Therefore 10 A CEI 23-16-VII sockets can accept CEE 7/16 Euro plugs. A fork of this type is shown in the first picture.
CEI 23-16/VII (Italian 16A/250V)
The 16 amp look looks like an enlarged version of the similarly shaped 10 amp. However, the pins are 5mm thick, spaced 8mm apart (the 10A variant has a spacing of 5.5mm), and 7mm longer. The packaging of these plugs in Italy may claim to be "Northern European" type. In the past they were also called per la forza motrice(for electromotive force) (for propulsion plugs see above) or sometimes industriale(industrial), although the latter was never the correct definition, since the enterprises used mainly three-phase current and special connectors.
Two-size or multi-standard sockets
Socket bipasso(number 1) and Italian adapted socket schuko(number 2 in the photo) in a modern product.
Italian socket brand VIMAR universale capable of accepting A, C, E, F plugs, E/F hybrids and both Italian L plug types.
Since it is a fact that the type of plugs found in Italy varies, it is possible to find sockets in modern installations in Italy (and other countries where type L plugs are used) that accept plugs of more than one standard. The simplest type has a central round hole and two holes at the bottom and top, made in the form of a figure eight. This design allows the connection of both type L plugs (CEI 23-16/VII 10 A and 16 A) and Euro plugs type C CEE 7/16. The advantage of this type of socket is a small, compact front part. VIMAR claims to have patented this type of socket already in 1975 with the release of their model Bpresa; however, other manufacturers soon began to sell similar products, referring to them in most cases by the general term presa bipasso(two-standard socket), which is now very common.
The second fairly common type looks like a type F socket, but with the addition of a central grounding hole. Sockets of this design can accept CEE 7/7 (type E/F) plugs in addition to Type C and 10 amp L plugs. Some of these receptacles may have figure-of-eight holes to accept 16-amp L-type plugs. The price for versatility is twice the size of a normal L-type receptacle.
Other types may go even further in terms of compatibility. Manufacturer VIMAR releases a socket universale(Universal) that accepts CEE 7/7 (Type E/F), Type C, 10A and 16A Type L plugs, and US/Japanese Type A plugs.
Other countries
Outside of Italy, type L CEI 23-16/VII plugs (Italian 10A/250V) can be found in Syria, Libya, Ethiopia, Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, various countries in North Africa, and occasionally in old buildings in Spain.
Type M
BS 546 (South African type 15A/250V)The term Type M is often used to describe the 15 amp version of the old British Type D used in South Africa and elsewhere.
In the USSR, two-pin sockets with non-spring solid ring contacts and a built-in fuse were originally used. These included forks with interchangeable split round pins. Often there were sockets on the back of the plug for connecting another plug, which made it possible to connect plugs in a "stack" when there were not enough outlets. But in the future, such plugs were abandoned, since the pins of such plugs were often unscrewed and broken, remaining in the socket. Plugs with solid pins required the pin to be held by spring-loaded contacts in the socket, so older sockets can't make solid pin plugs securely in contact. However, low-power devices can be connected to such an outlet. Split plugs generally fit type C but cannot fit into type F receptacles due to the shape of the body.
old spanish sockets
In old buildings in Spain, you can find sockets for a special type of plug, which has two flat knives and a round pin between them. This species is vaguely similar to the American one.
Phase and neutral contacts are 9 mm × 2 mm. The distance between them is 30 mm. All three contacts are 19 mm long. Ground pin diameter 4.8 mm.
Despite the fact that the plug resembles an American one, the two flat pins are much further apart than in the American version.
There are no devices sold with these plugs. Need an adapter.
British plug for electric clock
British three-prong watch plug and disassembled plug with 2A fuse.
Fused plugs and sockets of various non-interchangeable types can be found in old public buildings in the UK, where they were used to supply alternating current to electric wall clocks. They are smaller than conventional sockets, usually designed to fit in BESA (British Engineering Standards Association) junction boxes, often nearly flat. Older plugs had a fuse on both wires, newer plugs only on the phase wire and had a ground contact. Most of them were supplied with a retaining screw or bracket to prevent accidental disconnection. Gradually, battery quartz clocks almost completely replaced network ones, and with them similar connectors.
American "Type I"
American electrical appliance manufacturers, Hubbell, Eagle, and possibly others, made receptacles and plugs that fit exactly the Type I, similar to those used in Australia today. Such sockets were installed in the USA in the 1930s for electrical appliances installed in the laundry: washing machines and gas clothes dryer (for motor drive). They could not accept type A plugs, which is probably why they quickly fell into disuse, being supplanted by type B sockets.
Greek "type H"
Sockets, plugs and tees of the old Greek system
Before the widespread use of the schuko system in Greece, rosettes similar to type H with round pins were used, which were usually called τριπολικές (tripoliki).
Perpendicular rosette, USA
Perpendicular slotted double socket
Perpendicular Soviet slot-hole socket RP-2B for 10A 42V alternating current
Another outdated type of outlet from Bryant is 125V 15A and 250V 10A. A NEMA 5-20 125V 20A or 6-20 250V 20A plug with no grounding prong will fit this outlet, but a NEMA 2-20 plug is too big for it.
The top slots, as seen in the picture, are connected to the silver clamp screws on the top, and the bottom slots are connected to the copper screws on the bottom.
In Australia, the same or similar T-sockets are used for direct current, for example, in stand-alone power systems (Stand-alone Power Systems, SAPS) or on ships. In this application, the horizontal slot is placed at the top and is at a positive potential. In the same way sockets are used for temporary equipment in emergency vehicles. In Victoria, it is customary for the top of the T to be marked with a minus sign, and therefore at negative potential. Outside of Victoria, the vertical contact is for connection to the hull/chassis. The top contact of the letter T is positive on vehicles that have a negative chassis chassis. Also, the old transport is still on the move, with a positive potential on the chassis, that is, the polarity of the socket contacts can be any.
In the Soviet Union, and now also in Russia, this socket was usually used for supplying voltage reduced for safety reasons, for example, in schools, at gas stations, in wet rooms. The outlet is rated for 42V 10A AC. Such an unusual connection is necessary so that it is impossible to connect a low-voltage device to a 220V socket.
USA Combination Double Socket
The parallel-serial receptacle accepts normal NEMA 1-15 parallel plugs as well as NEMA 2-15 daisy chain plugs. Both pairs of outlets are powered by the same source.
A more recent and fairly common version of this type is the T-slot receptacle, in which the serial and parallel slots were aligned to form T-slots. This version also accepts normal NEMA 1-15 parallel plugs as well as NEMA 2-15 series plugs. By the way, a NEMA 5-20 (125V, 20A) or 6-20 (250V, 20A) plug without a grounding contact will also fit such an outlet. This type of outlet has not been sold in stores since the 1960s.
Dorman & Smith (D&S), UK
D&S socket
The D&S standard was the earliest standard for ring wiring connectors. The connectors were designed for a current of 13A. They have never been popular in private homes, but were very often installed in prefabricated and municipal buildings. They were also used by the BBC. D&S supplied sockets to local governments at a very low cost, with the intention of making money selling plugs that typically cost 4 times the price of Type G plugs. It is not known exactly when D&S stopped making plugs and sockets, but some local governments continued to install them until the late 1950s. years. D&S outlets were in use until the early 1980s, although the difficulty of acquiring plugs for them after 1970 forced residents to replace them with G-type outlets. This usually violated local government orders to redevelop council housing. The D&S plug had a serious flaw in its design: the fuse, which simultaneously served as a phase pin, was connected to the plug body by a thread, and often unscrewed during operation, remaining in the socket.
Wylex, UK
Wylex plugs and sockets were manufactured by Wylex Electrical Supplies Ltd. as competitors to Type G and D&S. There were varieties of plugs, designed for 5 and 13 amperes, with different widths of phase and neutral contacts and fuse rating. The plug had a round grounding prong in the center and two flat pins for phase and neutral on the sides, slightly above the middle of the center pin. Wall outlets were rated for 13A and accepted plugs for 5A and 13A. Many 13A plugs had a socket on the back that could only fit a 5A plug. Wylex sockets were installed in municipal and public housing, less often in the private sector. They were especially popular in the Manchester area, although they were installed throughout England, mainly in schools, university housing and government laboratories. Wylex plugs and sockets continued to be produced after the final adoption of the G standard, and were widely used in banks and computer rooms throughout the 1960s and 1970s for uninterruptible power supplies or "clean" filtered mains. It is not known exactly when Wylex stopped making plugs and sockets; however, plugs could be found for sale in the Manchester area until the mid-1980s.
Cartridge adapters
Two Italian lampholders, with tap. Left - 1930 sample (porcelain and copper); right - ok. 1970 (black plastic).
The plug for the incandescent lamp socket is included in the bayonet or Edison screw socket. It allows you to connect electrical appliances to lamp sockets. Such plugs were widely used in the 1920s and 1960s, when many homes lacked wall sockets, or did not have them at all.
Often, the lighting circuits are equipped with a 5A fuse or circuit breaker, which does not eliminate the overheating of the cartridge. In the adapters themselves, fuses were set very rarely. In the UK and some other countries, the use of such adapters is prohibited for fire safety reasons.
In Italy plugs for lamp Edison screw cartridges were used very widely until the lighting network was separated from the mains, and some places in houses (for example, basements) were not usually equipped with sockets.
Type A adapters are still readily available in the Americas.
Rare types
NEMA 2-15 and 2-20
Ungrounded plugs with two flat parallel pins are a variant of the 1-15 plug, but designed to carry 240 volts instead of 120. current 240V 15A, while 2-20 has two power contacts rotated 90 ° relative to each other (one vertical, the other horizontal) and a rating of 240V 20A. NEMA 2 plugs and receptacles are very rare, as their use in households in the US and Canada has been banned for decades. They are potentially dangerous because they do not have a ground connection, and in some cases the plugs can be inserted into sockets with a different voltage. Prior to the adoption of the NEMA standard for 120V at 20A, a plug almost identical to the 2-20 type was used. The 2-20 plug fits into 5-20 and 6-20 outlets, which are rated for a different voltage.
Walsall Gauge, United Kingdom
Unlike standard BS 1363 English plugs, the earth pin is horizontal while the live and neutral pins are vertical. This type of plug was used by the BBC, and is still occasionally used on the London Underground on low voltage networks.
Italian connector Bticino Magic security
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| Left: Bticino Magic Security socket. Center: range of Magic Security sockets (orange - industrial three-phase socket). Right: Range of Magic Security plugs. |
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Magic security connectors were developed by Bticino in the 1960s as an alternative to Euro plugs or L type connectors. Sockets of this type are almost rectangular, the plugs were inserted into a figured slot, closed by a safety cover with the inscription "Magic", which could open only when the corresponding plug was inserted into it. At least four models were produced: three single-phase general purpose connectors rated 10A, 16A and 20A respectively, and a three-phase 10A industrial connector. Each connector had its own slot shape so that plugs could not be plugged into inappropriate sockets. Contacts are located on both sides of the plug. The plug is connected to electricity only when it is fully inserted into the socket.
The obvious disadvantage of the system is that it is not compatible with Euro plugs. Insofar as Appliances were never sold with such a plug, after installing such sockets, it was necessary to replace the plugs with the appropriate Magic security ones. However, the system Magic security was initially quite popular among consumers who value security; the connectors used then were not sufficiently secure. When the safety covers for L type sockets (VIMAR Sicury ) were invented, Magic sockets almost fell into disuse.
The Magic system has not been officially phased out in Italy, and it is still available in the Bticino product catalog, although it is not popular.
In Chile, 10-amp Magic plugs are commonly used in computer and laboratory rooms, as well as in telecommunications enterprises, as a standard of reliability and safety, due to their polarization, the difficulty of accidental disconnection, etc.
Sockets supporting various types of plugs can be found in different countries where market size or local market conditions make it impractical to develop a specific plug standard. These sockets accept plugs made according to various European, Asian and North American standards. Because many plug standards are voltage-specific, multi-standard sockets are not guaranteed to protect against damage to devices rated for other voltages. This forces users to be aware of the voltage requirements for their devices, as well as the voltage prevailing in the host country. With such sockets, you can safely use devices that automatically adjust to the desired voltage and frequency, and do not require grounding.
These outlets may have one or more grounding holes for three-pin plugs. In correctly wired circuits, the ground pin is actually grounded; however, to determine whether this is so, it is possible only with the help of special instruments. Even correctly wired sockets cannot guarantee a ground connection to all types of plugs, as it is difficult to create a socket of this design.
Legrand connector, designed for high current (up to 32 amperes)
With a three-phase connection of the electric stove, the load on each phase is reduced separately due to the fact that each of the parts of the stove is connected to a separate phase.
With a single-phase connection, the load on a single phase increases. The maximum power consumption of a typical modern electric stove is 8-10 kW, which at a voltage of 220V corresponds to a current of 36-45A. Ordinary household wall sockets are designed, as a rule, for a current of not more than 16A, so the stove must be connected to the mains either in a permanent way or with a grounded connector rated for the appropriate current.
In different countries there are different practices for connecting electric stoves.
For example, Swiss regulations dictate that equipment drawing currents above 16A must either be permanently connected to the mains, with suitable branch protection, or connected using a suitable industrial plug.
The electrical safety rules of some other countries do not say anything about the method of connecting electric stoves, and everyone is free to choose the connection method on their own. Often the consumer himself buys the first non-standard pair of plugs and sockets for a particular electric stove, and it often happens that they are designed for a current of 25-32A, since the user relies on the fact that the stove usually never turns on at full power. The non-standard plug and socket is due to the lack of national standards for connecting electric stoves.
See also
Links
- IEC Zone: Plugs and sockets - This page is an information list. See also main article: AC Power Plugs and Sockets There are two main voltage and frequency standards in use worldwide. One of them is the American standard 100 127 Volt 60 Hertz ... Wikipedia
The IEC connector is the general name for a set of thirteen female connectors mounted on the power cord (hereinafter referred to as the connector) and thirteen male connectors mounted on the device panel (called the input), defined by the specification ... ... Wikipedia
This term has other meanings, see Rosette. This article does not have an introduction. Please complete an introductory section briefly describing the topic of the article. Contained ... Wikipedia
This article is about the design, technical features and development history of plug connectors. For plug connector standards adopted in different countries, see List of plug connector standards ... Wikipedia
This term has other meanings, see Voltage ... Wikipedia
- (CEE 7/17), mechanically polarized version The contour plug (Type designation: CEE 7/17) has been designed to be used throughout Europe like the Euro plug. It is used when the device does not require a protective earth, but ... Wikipedia
There are more than a hundred ways to connect electrical appliances to the network in the world. There are a huge number of plugs and sockets. It is also necessary to take into account that each country has a special voltage, frequency and current strength. This can turn into a serious problem for tourists. But this question is relevant today not only for those who like to travel. Some, when making repairs in an apartment or house, intentionally install sockets of the standard of other countries. One of these is the American outlet. It has its own characteristics, disadvantages and advantages. Today there are only 13 standards for sockets and plugs that are used in different countries of the world. Let's consider some of them.
Two frequency and voltage standards
It would seem, why do we need so many standards and types of electrical elements? But keep in mind that there are different voltage standards in the network. Many do not know that the household electrical network in North America uses not traditional 220 V, as in Russia and the CIS, but 120 V. But this was far from always the case. Until the 1960s, household voltage was 127 volts throughout the Soviet Union. Many will ask why. As you know, the amount of electrical energy consumed is constantly growing. Previously, apart from light bulbs in apartments and houses, there were simply no other consumers.
Everything that each of us plugs into the outlet every day - computers, televisions, microwave ovens, boilers - did not exist then and appeared much later. As the power increases, the voltage must be increased. Higher current entails overheating of the wires, and with them certain losses for this heating. This is serious. In order to avoid these unnecessary losses of precious energy, it was necessary to increase the cross section of the wire. But it is very difficult, long and expensive. Therefore, it was decided to increase the voltage in the networks.
Times of Edison and Tesla
Edison was a supporter of direct current. He believed that just such a current was convenient for work. Tesla believed in the benefits of variable frequency. In the end, the two scientists began to practically go to war with each other. By the way, this war ended only in 2007, when the United States switched to alternating current in household networks. But back to Edison. He created the production of incandescent light bulbs with charcoal-based filament. The voltage for the optimal operation of these lamps was 100 V. He added another 10 V for losses in the conductors and at his power plants took 110 V as the operating voltage. That is why the American outlet was designed for 110 V for a long time. Further in the States, and then in other countries, which worked closely with the USA, adopted 120 V as the standard voltage. The current frequency was 60 Hz. But electrical networks were created in such a way that two phases and a "neutral" were connected to the houses. This made it possible to obtain 120 V when using phase voltages or 240 in the case of
Why two phases?
It's all about the generators that created electricity for all of America.
Until the end of the 20th century they were two-phase. Weak consumers were connected to, and more powerful ones were transferred to linear voltages.
60 Hz
This is entirely Tesla's merit. It happened back in 1888. He worked closely with J. Westinghouse, including the development of generators. They argued a lot and for a long time about the optimal frequency - the opponent insisted on choosing one of the frequencies in the range from 25 to 133 Hz, but Tesla stood firm on his idea and the figure of 60 Hz fit into the system as much as possible.
Advantages
Among the advantages of this frequency, one can single out lower costs in the manufacturing process of the electromagnetic system for transformers and generators. Therefore, equipment for this frequency has a much smaller size and weight. By the way, the lamps practically do not flicker. An American socket in the States is much better suited for powering computers and other equipment that needs good power.
Sockets and standards
There are two main standards in the world for frequency and voltage.
One of them is American. This is the voltage in the network 110-127 V at a frequency of 60 Hz. And as a plug and socket, standard A and B are used. The second type is European. Here the voltage is 220-240 V, the frequency is 50 Hz. The European socket is predominantly S-M.
Type A
These species are widespread only in North and Central America. They can also be found in Japan. However, there are some differences between them. The Japanese have two pins parallel to each other and flat with the same dimensions. The American outlet is a little different. And the fork to it, respectively, too. Here one pin is wider than the second. This is done taking into account that the correct polarity is always observed when connecting electrical appliances. After all, earlier the current in American networks was constant. These outlets were also called Class II. Tourists say that plugs from Japanese technology work without problems with American and Canadian sockets. But connecting these elements the other way around (if the American plug) will not work. A suitable socket adapter is required. But usually people just file a wide pin.
Type B
These types of devices are only used in Canada, USA and Japan. And if type “A” devices were intended for low-power equipment, then such sockets include mainly powerful household appliances with consumption currents up to 15 amperes.
In some catalogs, such an American plug or socket may be referred to as Class I or NEMA 5-15 (this is already an international designation). Now they have almost completely replaced the type "A". In the US, only "B" is used. But in old buildings you can still find the old American socket. It does not have a contact responsible for connecting the ground. In addition, the US industry has long been producing appliances with modern plugs. But this does not prevent the use of new electrical appliances in old houses. Resourceful Americans in this case simply cut down or destroy the grounding contact so that it does not interfere and can be connected to an old-style outlet.
About appearance and differences
Those who purchased an iPhone from the USA know perfectly well what an American socket looks like. It has its own characteristics. The socket consists of two flat holes or slots. In devices of a new type, there is an additional grounding contact at the bottom.
Also, in order to avoid errors, one pin of the plug is made wider than the other. The Americans decided not to change this approach, and left everything the same in the new outlets. The pins on the plug are not pins like a European socket. It's more like plates. There may be holes at their ends.
How to operate American equipment in the CIS countries
It happens that people bring equipment from the States and want to use it in Europe or Russia. And they are faced with a problem - the socket does not fit the plug. And what to do? You can replace the cord with a standard European one, but this option is far from being for everyone. For those who are not versed in technology and have never held a soldering iron in their hands, it is recommended to purchase an adapter for an outlet. There are quite a few of them - they are all different in quality and price. If you are planning a trip to the USA, then you should stock up on adapters in advance. There they can cost five or more dollars. If you order online, you can save up to half the cost. It should also be noted that even in US hotels all sockets are American standard - and it does not matter that most of the people who stay are foreign tourists.
In this case, an adapter from an American outlet to a European one could help him. The same applies to equipment purchased in the United States. If you don’t feel like soldering, you can purchase an inexpensive Chinese-made adapter and fully use electrical appliances, charge your phone or tablet on a non-standard outlet. There are no other options here.
Summary
They say that one cannot understand Russia with the mind, but in the United States, everything is not so simple either. You can't just come and use American-style sockets with European or any other plugs. Therefore, you should take adapters on the road, and you need to order them in advance. This saves a lot of time and money.
There are 12 types of electrical plugs and sockets in the world.
Letter classification - from A to X.
Before traveling abroad, especially to rarely visited countries, I check the data below.
Type A: North America, Japan
Countries: Canada, USA, Mexico, part of South America, Japan
Two flat parallel contacts without grounding.
In addition to the United States, this standard has been adopted in 38 other countries. Most common in North America and on the east coast of South America. In 1962, the use of type A sockets was prohibited by law. Instead, the Type B standard was developed. However, many old houses still have similar sockets because they are compatible with the new Type B plugs.
Japanese standard is identical American sockets, but imposes more stringent requirements on the dimensions of plug and socket housings.
Type B: same as type A except Japan
Countries: Canada, USA, Mexico, Central America, Caribbean, Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela, part of Brazil, Taiwan, Saudi Arabia
Two flat parallel contacts and one round for grounding.
The additional contact is longer, therefore, when connected, the device is grounded before it is connected to the network.
In the socket, the neutral contact is on the left side, the phase is on the right side, and the earth is on the bottom. On this type of plug, the neutral contact is made wider to prevent reverse polarity in non-standard connections.
Type C: Europe
Countries: all of Europe, Russia and the CIS, the Middle East, part of South America, Indonesia, South Korea
Two round contacts.
This is our usual Euro socket. Grounding is not provided, and the plug can be connected to any outlet that accepts 4 mm diameter contacts with a distance of 19 mm between them.
Type C is used throughout continental Europe, in the Middle East, in many African countries, as well as in Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, Bangladesh, Indonesia. Well, of course, in all the republics of the former Soviet Union.
German and French plugs (type E) are very similar to this standard, but the pin diameter is increased to 4.8 mm, and the body is made in such a way as to prevent connection to euro sockets. The same plugs are used in South Korea for all non-earthed devices and are found in Italy.
In the UK and Ireland, showers and bathrooms sometimes have special outlets that are compatible with type C plugs. They are designed to connect electric shavers. Therefore, the voltage in them is often lowered to 115 V.
Type D: India, Africa, Middle East
Three large round contacts arranged in a triangle.
This old English standard is supported mainly in India. It is also found in Africa (Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria), the Middle East (Kuwait, Qatar) and in those parts of Asia and the Far East where the British were engaged in electrification.
Compatible sockets are used in Nepal, Sri Lanka and Namibia. In Israel, Singapore and Malaysia, this type of outlet is used to connect air conditioners and electric clothes dryers.
Type E: France
Two round pins and a ground pin protruding from the top of the socket.
This type of connection is used in France, Belgium, Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Denmark.
The diameter of the contacts is 4.8 mm, they are located at a distance of 19 mm from each other. The right contact is neutral, the left is live.
As well as the German standard described below, sockets of this type allow the connection of plugs of type C and some others. Sometimes the connection requires the use of force so that you can damage the outlet.
Type F: Germany
Two round pins and two grounding clips at the top and bottom of the socket.
Often this type is called Schuko, from the German schutzkontakt, which means "protected or grounded" contact. Sockets and plugs of this standard are symmetrical, the position of the contacts when connecting does not matter.
Despite the fact that the standard provides for the use of contacts with a diameter of 4.8 mm, domestic plugs easily fit German sockets.
Many countries in Eastern Europe are gradually moving from the old Soviet standard to Type F.
Often there are hybrid plugs that combine type F side clips and an E type grounding contact. Such plugs connect equally well to both “French” sockets and German Schuko.
Type G: Great Britain and former colonies
Countries: UK, Ireland, Malaysia, Singapore, Cyprus, Malta
Three large flat contacts arranged in a triangle.
The massiveness of forks of this type is surprising. The reason lies not only in the large contacts, but also in the fact that there is a fuse inside the plug. It is necessary because British standards allow high current in a household electrical circuit. Pay attention to this! The adapter for the euro plug must also be equipped with a fuse.
Plugs and sockets of this type, in addition to Great Britain, are also common in a number of former British colonies.
Type H: Israel
Three contacts arranged in a Y-shape.
This type of connection is unique, found only in Israel and is not compatible with all other sockets and plugs.
Until 1989, the contacts were flat, then it was decided to replace them with round ones, 4 mm in diameter, located in the same way. All modern sockets support the connection of plugs with both old flat and new round pins.
Type I: Australia
Countries: Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Fiji
Two flat contacts arranged in a “house” and the third one is a ground contact.
Almost all outlets in Australia have a switch for added security.
Similar connections are found in China, only in comparison with the Australian ones they are turned upside down.
Argentina and Uruguay use receptacles that are compatible with Type I in shape, but with reversed polarity.
Type J: Switzerland
Three round contacts.
Exclusive Swiss standard. Very similar to type C, only there is a third, grounding contact, which is set a little to the side.
European standard plugs fit without adapters.
A similar connection is found in parts of Brazil.
Type K: Denmark and Greenland
Three round contacts.
The Danish standard is very similar to the French Type E, only the protruding earth pin is in the plug, not the socket.
As of July 1, 2008, type E sockets will be installed in Denmark, but for now, the most common Euro C plugs can be easily connected to existing sockets.
Type L: Italy and Chile
Three round contacts in a row.
European standard C plugs (ours) fit Italian sockets without any problems.
If you really want to, then E / F (France-Germany) plugs, which we have in chargers for MacBooks, can be put into Italian sockets. In 50% of cases, Italian sockets break in the process of pulling out such a plug: the plug is removed from the wall along with the Italian socket strung on it.
Type X: Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia
A hybrid of Type A and C sockets. This type of socket accepts both American and European plugs.
We buy a lot of electrical household appliances of different capacities, made in the EU countries, in which the power cords end with European-type electric plugs. It is known that they differ not only in the diameter of the metal part from our domestic ones, but also in shape, greater potential power and the presence of one or two ground contacts. But we must not forget about the so-called "Soviet" type, which is still widely used in Russia and the CIS countries, along with electrical appliances of the past, so let's start with them. short review European type electrical plugs with them.
One of the most common plug designs in the USSR, designed for 220V, 6A
This type, called the Soviet C1 / B, is still produced in our homeland and, in terms of its qualities, it can be equated with the European type CEE 7 / 16 Europlug. Electric plugs of this type are designed for a current of 6 A and 10 A at a voltage of 220 - 250 V and a frequency of 50 Hz. They do not have ground terminals, but there is one advantage, which is that their design is collapsible, which means that if the cable is damaged, you can replace it, leaving the socket the same and not spending money on a new one. The diameter of the pins in the Soviet plug is 4 mm.
The next type of electrical plug, which also has pins with a diameter of 4 mm and which is widely used in European countries, except for England, Ireland and Malta, belongs to the CEE class 7/16 Europlug. It is used when operating household electrical appliances of low power, without ground contacts and is designed for current strength up to 2.5 A at a voltage of 1100 - 220 V. Compatible with class C, C1, E, F.
Type C6 (in Europe CEE 7/17) we have a “Euro plug”, with round pins (knives) with a diameter of 4.8 mm
But the French type of electrical plug has metal pins already with a diameter of 4.8 mm and one ground contact. Widely used in France, Poland and Belgium. They are used for medium power devices such as vacuum cleaners, air conditioners, water heaters, etc. This type of plug can withstand current up to 16 A at a voltage of 220 - 250 V. Compatible with sockets type C, E, F, but with Soviet type C1 /B are not compatible and can only be used with an adapter.
For electrical appliances of medium and high power consumption, the European German type of Schuko CEE 7/4 plugs is used, which is widely used in Germany, Sweden, Norway and Holland.
CEE 7/4 Schuko plug and Schuko socket
Designed for current up to 16 A, in some versions up to 25 A at a voltage of 220 - 250 V, has a pin diameter of 4.8 mm, one grounding pin and is compatible with sockets C and F. According to its characteristics, "Schuko" CEE 7/4 Fits French type E CEE 7/5 plugs.
There is also a hybrid type of E/F electric plugs - CTT 7|7, which combines German and French quality. Very common in the European Union when using appliances of medium and high power consumption. They have a grounding contact, suitable for sockets type C, E and F with a metal pin diameter of 4.8 mm.
It's really very inconvenient. Okay, before people traveled a little around the world, now it's practically not a luxury. Remember, when household appliances assembled in Europe began to arrive in Russia, how many problems there were with our Soviet sockets. Bought adapters, they burned. Only not so long ago finally got rid of this problem.
I was in Cyprus in the spring - there are quite unusual British sockets. In a small town in Russia, you can’t buy adapters; upon arrival, you had to run around there, look for them, overpay. Soon I'm going to the Dominican Republic - and there again there are other sockets, American ones (sort of). Adapters will again have to be bought on the spot and not in 1 copy.
And all why...
In the era of electrification, inventors from different countries offered their own options for optimal sockets; built around the world different types generators.
First, the struggle of technologies at the dawn of the development of electricity left its mark. We are talking about the opposition of Thomas Edison and Nikola Tesla in the creation of DC and AC networks, respectively. Although we know that AC power plants eventually won out, the DC infrastructure built in the US up to the 1920s (and in Stockholm up to the 1950s) has to be maintained and used up to the present day. .
Secondly, many inventors offered their own options for optimal (in their opinion) sockets. For example, in 1904, the American inventor Harvey Hubbel received a patent for the first electrical outlet. By its design, it was a kind of adapter for an electric chuck-plug. The adapter was screwed into the cartridge instead of a light bulb, and some electrical appliance was connected to it.
The German engineer Albert Büttner created the "Euro socket" known to us today in 1926. And the first socket with grounding was created by Philippe Labre in 1927.
And the national companies involved in the installation of electrical networks supplied their devices suitable for these networks. Accordingly, different types of plug connectors and sockets were introduced and their own networks were designed. The developments of other countries were completely ignored.
Influenced the development of sockets and the availability of materials. For example, during the Second World War in Great Britain they came up with a three-prong plug with a short copper fuse. This design made it possible to save copper reserves for military needs. Curiously, the use of the 3-pin plug in the UK was in stark contrast to the rest of Europe and even North America, where 2-pin plugs were widely used and also differed in design, all because of the lack of communication in the early days. power supply development.
Now, according to one classification, 12 types of sockets are distinguished, according to another - 15. Moreover, sockets of one type sometimes accept plugs of another. However, having learned that in the country where you are going, the same type of outlet as at home, do not rush to rejoice! This solution is only half the problem. AT different parts light voltage and current frequency may vary.
Classification of types of sockets and plugs in different countries of the world
The most common are two standards: European - 220-240 V at a frequency of 50 Hz and American - 100-127 V at a frequency of 60 Hz. You should not check what will happen if an electrical appliance operating from 100-127 V is plugged into a socket with 220-240 V.
In some countries, you have to keep your eyes open at all. For example, in most parts of Brazil 127 V is used, but 220 V is found in the north of the country. And in Japan, the voltage is the same everywhere - 110 V, the frequency is different: 50 Hz is used in the east, 60 Hz in the west. The reason is simple: first, generators were purchased for Tokyo German made with a frequency of 50 Hz, and shortly after that, American ones with a frequency of 60 Hz were installed in Osaka.
Perhaps someday a single standard will be adopted. A universal socket for all types of plugs has already been developed. But for now it's up to everyone whether to install it or not. In addition, you first need to come to a single voltage standard. And this rests on the huge financial costs of re-equipment and re-equipment of transformer substations, replacement of sockets and plugs.
* Voltage 100-127V @ 60Hz is used by USA, Canada, Japan, Mexico, Cuba, Jamaica, part of Brazil and other countries.* Voltage 220-240 V with a frequency of 50 Hz is used in most other countries, but even with the same parameters, the type of sockets can vary greatly.
Here short description some of them:
Types A and B - American socket
Type B differs from A in that it has a third hole, which is for the ground pin. Such sockets, as you might guess from the name, were invented in the USA and distributed in North, Central and partly South America, as well as Japan and some other countries.
Types C and F - European socket
Just like A and B, types C and F differ only in the presence of grounding - F has it. The European socket is used in most EU countries, as well as in Russia and the CIS, Algeria, Egypt and many other countries.
Type G - UK socket
In the UK, the socket has three flat holes, and this design appeared for a reason. The fact is that during the Second World War the country experienced a shortage of copper. Therefore, a plug with a short copper fuse and three plugs was developed. In addition to Great Britain, the same socket is used in Cyprus, Malta, Singapore and other countries that have experienced the influence of the British Empire.
Type I - Australian socket
This type of outlet can be found not only in Australia, but also in New Zealand, Fiji, the Cook Islands, Kiribati, New Guinea, Samoa and sometimes in China, where types A and C are also common.
Type H - Israeli socket
Type H is used only in Israel and Palestine, and the pins of the plug can be either round or flat, depending on when the device was manufactured. The flat shape of the outlet was in the old technique, but the new outlets fit two options.
Type K - Danish socket
This outlet can easily claim to be the "friendliest" in the world - its design resembles a smiling face. In addition to Denmark and Greenland, which is part of it, type K is used in Bangladesh and the Maldives - however, several types of sockets are common there at once.
Fortunately, all these differences will not spoil your vacation or business trip - you just need to purchase a suitable adapter in advance.
Map showing distribution various types outlets used worldwide.(link to interactive map )
The world map shows the distribution of different types of sockets in use around the world. Countries in red are using Type A and B, dark blue are using types C and E/F (which are 100% compatible with each other), brown are countries using Type D, cyan is British type G, pink is Israeli types C and H , countries in yellow are using Australian type I, black are countries using type C and J, gray are types C and K, orange are types C and L, purple in South Africa is type M, pale blue is countries using type N, and dark green is Thailand types C and O. Please note that this simplified overview only shows the most common plug type, and sometimes multiple systems in the same country.
For a complete and thorough overview of the electrical plugs used in each country, click .
List of countries in the world with their respective plug and socket types, voltages and frequencies. link worldstandards.eu/electrici...
A complete overview of all countries in the world and their respective plugs/sockets and voltages/frequencies used for household appliances. The table shows that in most countries the electricity supply is between 220 and 240 volts (50 or 60 Hz), far exceeding countries operating on 100-127 volts. The list also shows that types A and C are the most commonly used electrical plugs worldwide.
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But for a long, long time we discussed . And here is the specifics of the American temperature:
