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Homemade radio devices. Electronic homemade products for radio amateurs and novice electricians

Electronic homemade products, today, are an affordable way to make useful mechanisms that can make life easier and diversify leisure. Modern craftsmen are able to assemble both simple toys and complex, multi-tasking mechanisms with their own hands. How to make electronic toys, interesting and useful electronic homemade products for home and car with your own hands - read below!

Do-it-yourself simple electronics: making a spinner

Electrical engineering, today, is widely used for both practical and recreational purposes. Some inventions (such as, for example, the “smart home” system) will be quite difficult for a beginner to make. They require experience and in-depth knowledge of physics. Other designs are simple and affordable for beginner radio amateurs. So, for example, you can make interesting toys with your own hands - spinners, sales of which have increased incredibly this year.

To assemble a toy, you will need to stock up:

Wooden blank measuring 9x4x1.2 cm;
Bearing size 2.2x0.8x0.7 cm (with rubber seal);
Two RGB LEDs;
Two batteries and CR2032 holders;
Stainless steel bolt 0.8x2 cm;
Cap nuts M8.

After that, you can get to work. First of all, it will be necessary to find a design scheme on the Internet, and transfer it to a raw bar - a blank. To correctly outline the technological holes (there will be three of them), you will need a ruler.

Then follows:

In the middle of the workpiece, drill a through hole with a diameter of 2.2 cm for the bearing;
Drill two holes on the sides of the workpiece with a diameter of 2.5 cm and a depth of 7.5 mm;
Using a drill, make two holes in the middle of two blind holes with a diameter of 6 mm for the LEDs;
Process holes with a countersink;
Give the toy a rounded shape with a jigsaw, band saw or jigsaw;
Sand the workpiece with sandpaper, and varnish it;
Solder the LEDs to the battery holders;
Check the LEDs, and install them in the mounting holes, fixing them with super glue;
Clean the bearing and treat its insides with WD 40;
Cut off the head of the bolt, and fix the axle in the bearing on both sides with nuts;
Install the bearing in the mounting hole.

Spinner is ready! The toy will be interesting not only for children. Adults can also use such an electronic device: the device, rotating, will help to relax or be distracted.

Simple schemes of electronic homemade products: we make an electric call

You can easily and quickly make an electric call with your own hands.

Such a call will last a long time, and will please the ear. After all, when pressed, it will be able to create signals of various frequencies and tonality.

So, an electric call can be single-tone and multi-tone.

The ability of a call to reproduce sound in one or more keys will be affected by the presence of a multivibrator with two bipolar transistors in the radio design circuit. Let us consider in detail the scheme of an electronic call with a complex sound signal.

So, an electronic home-made circuit will consist of the following radio components:

Step-down transformer of the TA series;
call button;
Five alloy silicon diodes;
Electrolytic capacitor with a capacity of 1000 microfarads
Two electrolytic capacitors with a capacity of 10 microfarads;
Two tuning resistors with a resistance of 470 kilo-ohms;
Two MLT resistors with a resistance of 10 kilo-ohms;
Two MLT resistors with a resistance of 33 kilo-ohms;
MLT resistor per 1 kilo ohm;
MLT resistor for 470 kilo-ohms;
Three silicon plenary transistors type 630D
Silicon-planar transistor type 630G.

The principle of operation of the device is simple. Pressing the button will turn on the third 630D type transistor, allowing current to pass to the fourth 630D type transistor. This will create the primary signal. When the second transistor of the 630D type is opened, the third and fourth transistors will be locked, creating a signal of a different tone.

DIY homemade for a car

Auto electronics, today, is in great demand. At the same time, home-made automation often has simple circuits, easy execution and installation. What electric homemade products can you do yourself for your car?

So, with your own hands for a car you can do:

Dynamic turn signals using KIT DIY;
Universal charger from old electronics;
Water pump air conditioner;
Heated wipers and more.

The easiest way would be to design a backlight for the seat belt buckles. To do this, it will be necessary to dismantle and disassemble the locks with a flat screwdriver. After that, with the help of hot glue in the locks, it is necessary to fix the LEDs.

Each LED can be turned on through its own current-limiting resistor: this will extend the life of the semiconductor light emitting device.

After that, you should assemble the locks, and stretch the wires that power the LEDs under the seats to the ignition or the size button through the cigarette lighter. At the request of the owner, the car interior lighting can be supplemented with lamps that signal that the seat belt is not fastened.

Unusual electronic homemade products: do-it-yourself binary clock

You can make a cool binary clock for your home with your own hands. To do this, you need the Arduino platform. Wiring diagrams on this platform are simple and convenient, they are used for the manufacture of most electronic homemade products.

In addition, to make a binary clock you will need:

Real time clock module on DS1302 chip;
Diffuse LEDs with a diameter of 1 cm (20 pieces);
Resistors with a resistance of 10 ohms (20 pieces);
Resistors with a resistance of 10 kilo-ohms (2 pieces);
Two tact buttons;
Frame.

The watch case should consist of two halves, which can be made of wood, plastic, metal. It depends on what style your watch will be. Before making the case, you will need to assemble the LED matrix.

In this case, each LED must be connected through its own current-limiting resistor.

After that, the outputs from the LEDs must be connected to the platform. The controller itself will need to be connected to the real time clock module. After that, the contacts from the Arduino and the module must be routed to the clock buttons to set the time through resistors with a nominal value of 10 kilo-ohms. They will serve as payloads. Finally, connect the power cable to the circuit.

Useful do-it-yourself homemade products: how household scales are made

Today, almost every home has a floor or kitchen scale. In order to independently make this useful measuring device, you need to understand its device and the principle of operation.

So, the external components of the scales include:

Weight processor;
Frame;
Screen for readings;
platform;
Legs.

The principle of operation of scales is extremely simple. The load, falling on the platform, presses on it due to gravity, activating the strain gauge weight sensor inside the device. The strain gauge, in turn, affects the strain gauge, changing its resistance. The latter transmits a signal to an analog-to-digital converter. After that, the ADC converts the signal into digital and sends it to the microcontroller, which draws conclusions about the weight of the load on the platform, and displays the values on the screen.

When assembling the circuit, it is necessary to pay attention to the type of strain gauge.

So, for a central location under the platform of floor, trade and technical scales, it is better to choose a single-point sensor. For installation on a bend, a block sensor is used. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure that the load cell has a reliable connection to the ADC. A weight processor will help solve the problem of connecting devices.

Do-it-yourself radio circuits for the home: we make an electronic lock

Electricity can also serve to protect the house. So, today, do-it-yourself sites offer simple radio circuits for electronic locks for the front door. Opening such a lock using a physical key will not work.

The simplest circuit for making a lock is usually based on a four-digit Johnson counter.

This scheme can be implemented in several variations. The simplest one is using the 4017 chip. The principle of operation of the circuit is quite simple: when you enter the correct four-digit code, a logical unit is activated at the input of the microcircuit, which opens the lock.

Consider the operation of the device in more detail:

When the wrong keys are pressed, the circuit is restarted without triggering the mechanism through the RESET input.
The correct signal, when a key is pressed, should go to the field-effect transistor VT1, which, after opening, supplies voltage to the output corresponding to the key;
After the complete introduction of the correct code, from the output corresponding to the last correct key, the signal is applied to the transistor VT2 connected to the relay;
The transistor is activated for a time that determines the capacitance of the capacitor;
The relay opens the actuator (for example, a latch).

In order to open such a lock, you need to go through about ten thousand different codes. In this case, the numbers on the code should not be repeated. That is, code 3355 will not be possible, all digital values must be different.

Most of the electronic homemade products that modern craftsmen make are designed to perform ordinary household tasks faster and better than authentic devices. So, for example, an electric spinning wheel will significantly speed up the process of creating yarn. You can quickly make an electric spinning wheel by putting the electric motor on an authentic device.

At the same time, the motor for the electric spinning wheel must have a power of at least 15 watts.

As an engine, it will be possible to use a motor from a fan, an auto-cleaner, a player. Use the foot pedal to start the engine. It will be possible to change the movements of the motor by including a TP-type toggle switch in the circuit, which provides the connection of the capacitor and resistance to different windings.

An electric fly swatter will be useful, easy to assemble and operate.

In order to implement such a mechanism, it will be necessary to assemble a standard blocking generator. At the same time, you will need to remember to isolate the handle of the fly swatter.

Where to find amateur radio circuits and homemade products

Modern sites of radio amateurs offer to make not only useful, but also unusual radio homemade products. So, for example, on the Mozgochina website you can find interesting electronic circuits for making refrigerator reminders, thermometers that change color depending on temperature, etc.

Electric things for everyday life and crafts from improvised materials for fishing from the site “Visiting Samodelkin” will be interesting and useful.

You can read about how to design, debug and manufacture electronic mechanisms at home in the book “Entertaining Radio Electronics”. New items among radio homemade products are often posted by the site “Ham Radio Workshop”. Amusing and useful technical materials contain new issues of the Radio Amateurs magazine.

DIY homemade products at home (video)

Radioamateur clubs are, today, popular with both schoolchildren and adults. Master classes and radio circuits presented on various sites allow you to assemble almost any electrical appliance at home. The main thing is to find the right circuits, follow the instructions clearly, and adhere to safety precautions when working with electricity. And you can collect whatever you want!

Schemes of homemade measuring instruments

The circuit of the device, developed on the basis of a classic multivibrator, but instead of load resistors, transistors with the opposite main conductivity are included in the collector circuits of the multivibrator.

It's good if your lab has an oscilloscope. Well, if it is not there and it is not possible to buy it for one reason or another, do not worry. In most cases, it can be successfully replaced by a logic probe, which allows you to control the logical levels of signals at the inputs and outputs of digital integrated circuits, determine the presence of pulses in the controlled circuit and reflect the information received in visual (light-color or digital) or audio (tonal signals of various frequencies). ) forms. When setting up and repairing structures based on digital integrated circuits, it is far from always so necessary to know the characteristics of the pulses or the exact values of the voltage levels. Therefore, logic probes make it easy to set up, even if you have an oscilloscope.

A huge selection of different pulse generator circuits is presented. Some of them form a single pulse at the output, the duration of which does not depend on the duration of the triggering (input) pulse. Such generators are used for a wide variety of purposes: simulating the input signals of digital devices, when checking the performance of digital integrated circuits, the need to supply a certain number of pulses to a device with visual control of processes, etc. Others generate sawtooth and rectangular pulses of various frequencies, duty cycles and amplitude

Repair of various units and devices of low-frequency radio-electronic equipment and technology can be greatly simplified if you use a function generator as an assistant, which makes it possible to investigate the amplitude-frequency characteristics of any low-frequency device, transients and nonlinear characteristics of any analog devices, and also has the ability to generate rectangular pulses. form and simplify the process of setting up digital circuits.

When setting up digital devices, one more device is definitely needed - a pulse generator. An industrial generator is a rather expensive device and is rarely on sale, but its analogue, although not so accurate and stable, can be assembled from available radio elements at home

However, the creation of a sound generator that produces a sinusoidal signal is not an easy and rather painstaking task, especially in terms of adjustment. The fact is that any generator contains at least two elements: an amplifier and a frequency-dependent circuit that determines the frequency of oscillations. Usually it is connected between the output and input of the amplifier, creating a positive feedback (POS). In the case of an RF generator, everything is simple - a single-transistor amplifier and an oscillatory circuit that determines the frequency are enough. For the audio frequency range, it is difficult to wind the coil, and its quality factor turns out to be low. Therefore, in the audio frequency range, RC elements are used - resistors and capacitors. They filter the fundamental harmonic of the oscillations rather poorly, and therefore the sinusoidal signal turns out to be distorted, for example, limited in peaks. To eliminate distortion, amplitude stabilization circuits are used to maintain a low level of the generated signal when distortion is still invisible. It is the creation of a good stabilizing circuit that does not distort the sinusoidal signal that causes the main difficulties.

Often, having assembled the structure, the radio amateur sees that the device is not working. After all, a person does not have sense organs that allow him to see an electric current, an electromagnetic field, or processes occurring in electronic circuits. Radio measuring instruments help to do this - the eyes and ears of a radio amateur.

Therefore, some means of testing and checking telephones and loudspeakers, audio frequency amplifiers, various sound recording and sound reproducing devices are needed. Such a tool is amateur radio circuits for audio frequency signal generators, or, more simply, a sound generator. Traditionally, it produces a continuous sinusoidal signal, the frequency and amplitude of which can be changed. This allows you to check all ULF stages, find faults, determine the gain, take amplitude-frequency characteristics (AFC) and much more.

A simple amateur radio home-made prefix is considered that turns your multimeter into a universal device for checking zener diodes and dinistors. PCB drawings available

Every day it becomes more and more, there are many new articles, it is quite difficult for new visitors to immediately orient themselves and revise everything already written and previously posted at once.

I really want to draw the attention of all visitors to individual articles that were posted on the site earlier. In order not to have to search for the necessary information for a long time, I will make several "input pages" with links to the most interesting and useful articles on specific topics.

Let's call the first such page "Useful electronic homemade products". Here we consider simple electronic circuits that are available for implementation by people of any level of training. The schemes are built using a modern electronic database.

All information in the articles is presented in a very accessible form and in the amount necessary for practical work. Naturally, to implement such circuits, you need to understand at least the basics of electronics.

So, a selection of the most interesting articles on the site on the subject "Useful electronic homemade products". The author of the articles is Boris Aladyshkin.

The modern element base of electronics greatly simplifies circuitry. Even an ordinary twilight switch can now be assembled from just three parts.

The article describes a simple and reliable electric pump control circuit. Despite the extreme simplicity of the circuit, the device can operate in two modes: water lifting and drainage.

The article presents several schemes of apparatus for spot welding.

With the help of the described design, it is possible to determine whether a mechanism located in another room or building is working or not. The information about the work is the vibration of the mechanism itself.

A story about what a safety transformer is, why it is needed and how you can make it yourself.

Description of a simple device that disconnects the load in the event that the mains voltage is out of range.

The article discusses a simple thermostat circuit using an adjustable zener diode TL431.

An article on how to make a lamp soft start device using the KR1182PM1 chip.

Sometimes, with low voltage in the network or soldering massive parts, it becomes simply impossible to use a soldering iron. This is where a step-up power regulator for a soldering iron can come to the rescue.

An article about what can replace the mechanical thermostat of an oil heating radiator.

Description of a simple and reliable thermostat circuit for a heating system.

The article describes the converter circuit made on a modern element base, containing a minimum number of parts and allowing to obtain significant power in the load.

An article about various ways to connect the load to the control unit on microcircuits using relays and thyristors.

Description of a simple scheme for controlling LED garlands.

The design of a simple timer that allows you to turn on and off the load at specified intervals. Working time and pause time are independent of each other.

Description of the scheme and principle of operation of a simple emergency lamp based on an energy-saving lamp.

A detailed story about the popular "laser-ironing" technology for manufacturing printed circuit boards, its features and nuances.

Many electrical appliances can be repaired or made new with your own hands. For this house, there is always something that can be converted to perform new functions: an old electronic clock, a children's car, a disused computer, and much more. Useful crafts can always be repaired or redone. For work it is better to have a workshop with tools.

Equipped home craftsman's workshop

power unit

Homemade electronic devices need to be powered by different voltages. In particular, an adjustable power supply is needed for soldering. Such an opportunity can be provided by the LM-317 microcircuit, which is a voltage stabilizer.

Diagram of an adjustable power supply

Devices based on this circuit allow you to change the output voltage in the range of 1.2-30 V, using a variable resistor P1. The allowable current is 1.5 A, the power of the device depends on the choice of transformer.

Adjustment of the voltmeter is performed by a trimming resistor P2. To do this, set the current to 1 mA at an output voltage of the circuit of 30 V.

The more power is allocated on the microcircuit, the greater the difference between the input and output signals. To reduce heat, it requires a heatsink with a cooler.

A homemade board with an LM-317 chip is placed in a case - a computer power supply. A voltmeter and clamps to the output wires are installed on the front panel made of textolite.

Simple autoprobe

A probe for cars and other purposes should always be at hand at home, in the garage or on the road. The figure below shows a homemade circuit that allows you to check electrical circuits with a resistance of up to 10 kOhm and the presence of a voltage of 6-15 V.

The two indication circuits are connected in series to the battery and in parallel to each other. The first one consists of a resistor R1 and an LED HL1, which lights up when checking the voltage. At the same time, the battery is being charged.

Scheme and design: a) a homemade circuit that allows you to check electrical circuits with a resistance of up to 10 kOhm and the presence of a voltage of 6-15 V; b) self-made design of an autoprobe

When the circuit is being tested, current flows from the battery through circuit HL2, R2. At the same time, the HL2 LED lights up. Its brightness will be greater, the lower the resistance of the circuit.

Like all homemade products, the probe can be constructed in many ways, for example, by placing it in a transparent plastic case, which is easy to glue with your own hands.

Such devices are indispensable when repairing an electrical network or a household appliance at home. Crafts can be more complex and have additional features.

Electric appliances for heat treatment of meat products without the use of fuel are made for a small number of servings and can be used at home or in the country. To cook a shish kebab, with the help of an electric barbecue, there is no need to spend expensive hours of rest, standing on the street at the barbecue.

In specialized stores, you can choose any device, but the price decides a lot. If you have the skills to handle electricity, it will be much cheaper to make an electric barbecue with your own hands.

Designs are made in horizontal or vertical design. The power of the device usually does not exceed 1.5 kW. The meat is heated using a spiral with a tungsten or nichrome filament. All metal parts are made of stainless steel.

Typical devices are vertical heaters in the center and skewers with the product around. They are attached to the top. It is advisable to make skewers in the form of spirals, from which the meat does not slip down during cooking.

Type of vertical electric grill

For high-quality cooking of a shish kebab with your own hands, skewers should be placed as close as possible to the heater, but so that the product does not touch the spiral. When placed at a distance, the meat will not fry, but will dry.

Pieces of the product, no larger than 40 mm in size, are mounted on a skewer, which is placed vertically around the heater. Then the electricity is turned on and the coil is heated.

The basis of the heater is a heat-resistant ceramic tube, on which a spiral is wound. Mounting at the bottom is done using a special cartridge.

In the round base, special cups are attached to collect fat and a frame that serves to hold the skewers vertically.

Cups are made from stainless steel. From below, they have cruciform protrusions, which are inserted into the slots of the base. Inside they have mounted devices for attaching skewers. Fixing the cup on both sides allows them to hold the skewers vertically.

The connection must be strong and at the same time easy to disassemble for cleaning. You can make a common removable tray for all skewers.

The cross section of the supply wire is selected according to the power of the heater (2.5 or 4 mm 2). At home or in the country, there should be a 16 A socket for it.

timer for watering plants

Devices with timers are used for drip irrigation of a site from a container at a certain time. They can be connected to valves with any capacity.

Often branded devices do not provide the required reliability. Then the old wall clock comes to the rescue, which is in good condition, but is no longer used at home. Small magnets are attached to the ends of the minute and hour hands, and 3 reed switches on the dial.

Timer scheme for watering plants, in which a wall clock is applied

As soon as the hour hand reaches the number 7, and the minute hand reaches 12, which corresponds to the time of 7 hours, the reed switches SA1 and SA3 are triggered and the signal opens the solenoid valve. After 2 hours, the hands will move to 9 and 12, and the current through the contacts of the reed switches SA1 and SA2 will be supplied to close the valve.

The diagram shows a "rain sensor", which in wet weather closes the transistor VT1 and the valve remains permanently closed. Manual control of the solenoid valve is also provided through the buttons S1 and S2.

The clock can be set to any time the valve is turned on.

Car with remote control

Homemade radio-controlled models capture not only children, but also adults. They can be used to play at home or arrange real competitions in the yard. To assemble with your own hands, you will need a chassis with wheels, an electric motor and a body.

There is a large assortment on sale, but first of all, you need to decide which machine is best to make. The control panel can be wired or radio controlled.

When choosing parts, you should pay attention to their quality. There should be no notches, inclusions and other mechanical defects on the plastic. The wheels are sold with the chassis and should turn easily. Grip with the surface is better provided by rubber. Plastic wheels in this regard are much worse.

It is better for a beginner to take an electric motor, which is cheaper and easier to maintain than an internal combustion engine. You can choose any case or make according to your sketch.

The motor, battery and radio unit with antenna are mounted on the chassis of a mini-car. If a kit with accessories is purchased, assembly instructions are included with it.

After installing the parts, the operation of the motor is regulated. The body on the chassis is installed after everything works.

You can assemble mini-copies at home as follows:

the car is assembled carefully and by common efforts;
materials of parts of the model may differ from the original;
small and insignificant details can be omitted.

The model can be made without looping on a certain brand of car. Much depends on finances and the availability of free time. Assembling a mini-car at home with a child is of great educational value.

Work on assembling the car model is carried out according to plan. Some parts need to be bought, but old toys can be used.

The motor must match the weight of the device in terms of power. Fresh batteries or accumulators are used for power.

If you use a special autoconstructor, crafts can be very diverse. Assembly sequence:

the frame is assembled first;
the motor is mounted and adjusted;
a power supply is installed;
an antenna with a radio unit is fixed;
wheels are installed and adjusted.

Types of radio-controlled car models

Many homemade tricks are revealed in this video.

Electronic homemade products can make life more comfortable and save a lot of money. In addition, you can find a use for old electrical appliances so that they do not gather dust in the pantry without a purpose. Useful do-it-yourself crafts often turn out to be better than factory-made products.