Among huge selection methods of teaching reading according to the method of Nadezhda Zhukova are very popular. Her method is adapted for self-study of parents with children at home. N. Zhukova's textbooks are affordable, they can be purchased in almost all bookstores. Let's try to figure out what is special about this technique and why it is so popular.

From the biography

Nadezhda Zhukova is a familiar domestic teacher, candidate of pedagogical sciences, has extensive speech therapy experience. She is the creator of a whole series of educational literature for children, which is published in millions of copies. Many of her scientific works published not only in Russian, but also in specialized editions of other countries.

Nadezhda Zhukova conducted a lot of research with preschool children, carefully studied the progressive processes of the development of their speech. She has created a unique method by which children can quickly learn to read and easily move from it to writing. In her methodology, N. Zhukova teaches children to correctly add syllables, which she uses as a single part in reading and writing in the future.

Sales of her modern Primer exceeded 3 million copies. From these figures, according to statistics, we can conclude that every fourth kid learns to read according to him. In 2005, he was awarded the title of "Classic Textbook".

In the 1960s, Nadezhda Zhukova was an active member of the initiative group, which dealt with the creation of specialized groups for children with speech problems and disorders. Now such speech therapy groups and entire kindergartens with this bias are widespread not only in our country, but also in the CIS countries.

Features of the technique

In creating her own special method, N. Zhukova used her 30-year speech therapy work experience. She was able to build a successful combination of literacy education with the ability to prevent children from making mistakes in writing. The textbook is based on the traditional approach of teaching reading, which is complemented by unique features.

In speech activity, it is psychologically easier for a child to single out a syllable than a single sound in a spoken word. This principle is used in the method of N. Zhukova. Reading syllables is offered already in the third lesson. In view of the fact that at the very beginning of learning to read, this process for children is a mechanism for reproducing the letter model of a word into a sound one, by the time learning to read, the baby should already be familiar with the letters.

It is not worth teaching with a child all the letters of the alphabet at once. The first acquaintance of the baby should be with vowels. Explain to the baby that vowels are singing letters, they can be sung. Start by learning the so-called hard vowels (A, U, O). After the kid got acquainted with them, you already need to start adding up: AU, AO, OU, UA, UA, OA, OU. Of course, these are not syllables, but it is on this combination of vowels that it is easiest to explain to the baby the principle of adding syllables. Let the baby himself, helping himself with his finger, draw paths from letter to letter, singing them. So he can read a combination of two vowels. Next, you can start memorizing consonants.

Then, when you begin to teach the baby to read, explain to him how to determine by ear how many sounds or letters you have pronounced, which sound in a word sounds first, last, second. Here you can help in learning "Magnetic alphabet" N. Zhukova. With its help, you can ask the baby to lay out the syllables pronounced by you.

You can also feel the letters, circle them with your finger, which will contribute to their tactile memorization. When the baby learns to merge syllables, you can offer him to read a word of three letters, a word of two syllables. (O-SA, MA-MA).

In Zhukova's "Primer" parents will be able to find mini-summaries of classes for the study of each letter, recommendations for teaching the folding of syllables. Everything is written in accessible language. In order to use them, parents do not need to have a pedagogical education. Any adult can take the course.

A preschooler is able to perceive information only in game form. The game for him is a calm environment where no one will scold or criticize him. Do not try to force the child to quickly and immediately read syllable by syllable. For him, reading is hard work. Be patient, show affection and love for the baby during training. It matters to him now more than ever. Showing calmness and confidence, learn to add syllables, simple words, sentences. The child must master the technique of reading. This process is not fast and difficult for him. The game diversifies learning, relieves the boring obligation to study, and helps instill a love of reading.

Starting age

You should not rush things. It is quite normal that a 3-4-year-old child is not yet able to learn at all. During this age period, classes can only be started if the child shows great interest in reading activity, shows a desire to learn to read.

A 5-6-year-old child will react to this in a completely different way. In preschool institutions, the curriculum is designed to teach children to read in syllables. However, not always the kids can learn the information received in a large team. Many children require individual lessons in order for them to understand the principles of folding syllables and words. Therefore, do not miss the opportunity to work out with your child at home. Having come to school well prepared, it will be easier for the baby to endure the adaptation period.

It is important to take into account the psychological readiness for learning to read. Children are ready to start reading only if they already speak well, correctly compose sentences in their speech, phonemic hearing is developed at the proper level. Babies should not have problems with hearing and vision, speech therapy problems.

Sounds or letters?

Acquaintance with letters should not begin with memorizing their names. Instead, the child must know the sound that is written by a particular letter. No EM, ER, TE, LE, etc. should not be. Instead of EM, we learn the sound "m", instead of BE, we learn the sound "b". This is done to make it easier for the child to understand the principle of folding syllables. If you learn the names of the letters, then the child will not understand how the word PAPA is obtained from PE-A-PE-A, and the word MAMA is obtained from ME-A-ME-A. He will add not the sounds that are indicated by letters, but the way he learned - the names of the letters and, accordingly, will read PEAPEA, MEAMEA.

Learn the correct vowels and consonants

Don't start learning the letters in alphabetical order A, B, C, D... Follow the sequence given in the Primer.

First of all, learn the vowels (A, O, U, S, E). Next, the student should be introduced to the solid voiced consonants M, L.

Then we get acquainted with deaf and hissing sounds (K, P, T, W, H, etc.)

In the "Primer" N. Zhukova proposed the following order of studying letters: A, U, O, M, C, X, R, W, Y, L, N, K, T, I, P, Z, Y, G, V , D, B, F, E, b, I, Yu, E, H, E, C, F, W, b.

Reinforcing learned material

The repetition of previously studied letters in each lesson will contribute to the faster development of the mechanism of literate reading in children.

Reading by syllables

Once you and your child have learned a few letters, it's time to learn how to add syllables. A cheerful boy helps in this in the "Primer". It runs from one letter to another, forming a syllable. The first letter of the syllable must be pulled until the baby traces the path along which the boy is running with his finger. For example, the syllable MA. The first letter M. We put a finger at the beginning of the track near it. We pull the sound M while we run our finger along the track, without stopping: M-M-M-M-M-A-A-A-A-A-A. The child must learn that the first letter stretches until the boy runs to the second, as a result they are pronounced together, without breaking away from each other.

Starting with simple syllables

The child must understand the algorithm for folding syllables from sounds. To do this, he needs training first on simple syllables, such as MA, PA, MO, PO, LA, LO. Only after the child understands this mechanism, learns to read simple syllables, you can proceed to more difficult syllables - with hissing and deaf consonants (ZHA, ZHU, SHU, XA).

The stage of learning to read closed syllables

When a child learns to add open syllables, it is necessary to start learning to read closed syllables, i.e. those with a vowel in the first place. AB, US, UM, OM, AN. It is much more difficult for a child to read such syllables, do not forget about regular training.

Reading simple words

When the child understands the mechanism of folding syllables, begins to read them with ease, it's time to read simple words: MA-MA, PA-PA, SA-MA, KO-RO-VA.

Pay attention to pronunciation and pauses

In the process of learning to read, it is necessary to carefully monitor the pronunciation of the child. Pay attention to the correct reading of the endings of words, the child should not guess what is written, but read the word to the end.

If on initial stage training, you taught the child to sing syllables, now, the time comes, to do without it. Make sure your child pauses between words. Explain to him what punctuation marks mean: commas, periods, exclamation and question marks. At first, let the pauses between the words and sentences that the baby makes be long enough. Over time, he will understand and shorten them.

By following these simple rules, you can teach your child to read pretty quickly.

Popular books for children by N. Zhukova

In order for parents to be able to teach their child to read and write using her methodology, Nadezhda Zhukova offers a whole series of books and manuals for children and parents.

This includes:

"Primer" and "Recipes" for children 6-7 years old in 3 parts

Copybooks are a practical application to the Primer. The syllabic principle of graphics is adopted as a basis. The syllable is a separate unit not only of reading, but also of writing. The recording of the vowel and consonant letters acts as a single graphic element.

"Magnetic alphabet"

Suitable for both home use, and for classes in children's institutions. A large set of letters allows you to make not only individual words, but also sentences. Methodical recommendations for work are attached to the "ABC", they are supplemented with exercises for teaching children.

"I write correctly - from the Primer to the ability to write beautifully and correctly"

The textbook is suitable for children who have already learned to read syllable by syllable together. It is also necessary that the kids can determine the first and last sounds in a word, can name words for the sound that they were called, indicate the place of a given sound in a word - at the beginning, in the middle or at the end. The book is designed to express the creativity of the teacher who deals with it. The proposed sections can be expanded or narrowed, the number of oral and written exercises varies by the teacher. At the bottom of some pages you can see guidelines for conducting classes. A lot of plot pictures offered as illustrations for the textbook will help the child not only easily learn the basic principles of grammar, but also develop oral speech.

"Lessons of Right Speech and Right Thinking"

The book is suitable for children who already read well. Here, texts of the classical genre are offered for reading. For parents, there is a detailed methodological description of classes based on the book. For each work, a system of work on the text is attached for its analysis. With its help, children learn to reflect, understand the hidden subtext, explain, discuss. You can also see the meaning of words unknown to the child, which are in the dictionary for children. Also the author introduces kids to famous poets and writers, teaches them to read this or that work correctly.

"Lessons of calligraphy and literacy" (teaching copybooks)

A manual that complements the rest of the elements of N. Zhukova's system. With the help of it, the child will be able to learn how to navigate on the sheet, work according to the model, circle and independently write various elements of letters and their connections. Tasks are offered for sound-letter analysis of words, adding missing letters in a word, writing uppercase and lowercase letters, etc.

"Speech therapist lessons"

This textbook is characterized by a system of classes that is understandable not only for teachers and speech therapists, but also for parents, with the help of which children can achieve pure speech. The proposed exercises focus on working out only one specific sound. Thanks to this, classes are carried out with great effect. The level of speech development of the child with whom they begin to study is not so important. For all children, classes will have a positive result. Great for activities with kids of all ages.

"I speak correctly. From the first lessons of oral speech to the Primer"

Arranged in a certain order, the classes that are offered in this manual are suitable for use in the activities of teachers, speech therapists and parents involved with children 1-3 years old.

"Speech therapy"

With the help of this book, you can help your baby learn step by step native language and provide competent assistance in the formation of speech functions. The textbook traces a clear relationship between the development of children's speech and their psyche.

"The first book to read after the Primer"

For children who have completed the study of the Primer, it is recommended as the first book - "The first book to read after the Primer". It will soften the transition from the Primer to ordinary literature. The main purpose of this teaching aid is to develop curiosity in children, the desire to learn new things, develop intelligence and perseverance.

1 part are fables and stories. They continue the texts that are given in the Primer, only a more complex version is proposed.

part 2- information for the young naturalist. It offers data from encyclopedias about the main characters of stories or fables.

part 3 is fragments of poems of great poets. Each passage traces the relationship with any fragment of the 1st part of the book. This may be a poem about the seasons of one of the stories, about the animals of one of the fables, the weather, etc.

Thus, with the help of the teaching methodology of Nadezhda Zhukova, parents will be able to perfectly prepare their child for school on their own. Using its methodological and teaching aids you can not only teach a child to read well and correctly, but also teach him to write, introduce him to the basics of competent written speech, and avoid many speech therapy problems.

Review the primer of Nadezhda Zhukova in the next video.

Alexandrova K.A. Methodist

Department of Preschool Education JSC IPPK RO

Today, there are many different methods of teaching children to read. Consider the most popular of them.

sound method.

sound method learning to read (it is also called the phonetic method) consists of the following steps:

1. The child learns to hear and distinguish sounds in words

2. The child learns what letters these sounds are written in.

3. The child learns to put the sounds written in letters into syllables

4. The kid reads the words, and then the sentences

The sound method of teaching reading is a traditional method that has become widespread. It is by this method that Soviet time children were taught to read in schools, by the same method children are taught to read in many modern schools.

Advantages of the sound method

1. Method usually used to teach reading in schools, so the child will not have to "relearn", he will easily understand the teacher and complete his tasks (for example, divide a word into syllables, distinguish between vowels and consonants, and others)

2. The method develops the so-called phonemic hearing of the child, which allows you to hear and highlight sounds in words, which contributes to their correct pronunciation. As a rule, speech therapists recommend this particular method of teaching reading, since it also helps children. get rid of speech impediments.

4. Training does not require expensive or difficult-to-manufacture manuals, does not require any special preparatory work. The sound method is very easy to use. If parents are busy at work and have little free time that they could devote to teaching their child, then this method suits them best. For most exercises, only a felt-tip pen and a piece of paper are enough, and for some, even this will not be needed.

5. Sonic method subjected testing in schools for a long time. All schoolchildren, sooner or later, studying according to this method, began to read.

Cons of the sound method

1. The sound method is not suitable for early childhood advocates who want the baby to learn to read fluently before the age of five or six. Since learning to read goes through word analysis, through the development of phonemic hearing, through sounds to syllables, through syllables to words, this is a rather lengthy process that requires a certain level of development of the child, therefore start practicing this method too early - it's just pointless.

2. To learn quickly and without hesitation to put sounds into syllables, and then into words, especially if these words are long and complex, it’s not so easy. To achieve rapid reading technique a lot of reading and practice. Be prepared for the fact that at first the baby will read the words slowly, with difficulty, with errors.

3. Usually the first time child does not understand what they read, since all his efforts will be directed to reading and parsing individual words. Reading comprehension will have to be given special attention.

Zaitsev's method.

Zaitsev's technique, or rather, Nikolai Zaitsev's method of teaching reading is based on the use
special cubes, the so-called "Zaitsev Cubes",
tables developed by the author of the methodology
and audio recordings with singing columns and rows of tables accompanied by musical accompaniment.

Zaitsev's method of teaching reading is very popular, it is great for supporters of early childhood development, and, in addition, the children themselves like it.

After all, all that is required of them is to play with interesting, colorful and very exciting cubes, and sing songs. All learning and memorization occurs as if by itself, without much effort and labor.

So, the stages of teaching a child to read according to the method of Nikolai Zaitsev:

1. We purchase (or make our own) material for classes (cubes, tables, audio recordings), hang up the tables.

2. We sing songs - chants, play cubes, write words (with cubes and on tables), reading comes by itself.

Advantages of Zaitsev's technique

2. Children can learn to read very easily and quickly, and they will read fluently, without hesitation, without undue labor. At the same time, they usually do it with great interest and pleasure.

3. If a child cannot master reading in any way, then classes using this technique can allow the child to quickly acquire the necessary skills and still start reading. The technique is suitable for visually impaired, hearing impaired children, as well as for children and adults for whom Russian is not their native language.

4. The technique develops certain skills of literate writing.

5. The training system developed by Nikolai Zaitsev develops the senses of babies and trains the eye muscles. This is due to the fact that the tables are located in different places in the room, they are quite large and require active eye movement during operation. Also, classes with them are an excellent prevention of the development of scoliosis and other diseases of the spine. And songs and differently ringing cubes at the same time develop an ear for music and a sense of rhythm.

Cons of Zaitsev's technique

1. Problems in children involved in this system may arise in primary school. They have to learn to separate syllables into sounds, because the baby immediately learned warehouses, and did not make up separate sounds. At the same time, the school curriculum is not designed for this. Children are taught the opposite - to go from sounds to syllables, which can cause some misunderstanding among children who have learned to read using Zaitsev's method.

2. Some mismatch of colors used by Zaitsev with the school curriculum. In it, vowels are indicated in red, consonants in green and blue.

3. Certain material and labor costs are required for the purchase and production of Zaitsev's manuals (cubes and tables), which not every family can afford. Also, rather large tables will have to hang on the walls, which is not to everyone's liking, and some may not find a suitable place for them.

4. Parents themselves have to "get used" to the technique in order to deal with it with their children. After all, they themselves were taught by the usual, traditional sound method. And if you don’t study with cubes, but simply give them to children, then they can play with them, but at the same time they will not learn to read.

5. It is possible that the child does not want to sing or play with cubes "as needed", but prefers, for example, to simply build towers out of them or break the cubes, trying to find out what is inside them. There will be no results from such activities.

Glen Doman Method

Glen Doman for teaching children to read proposed the following method: the child from the very early age(the sooner the better) an adult shows cards with words written on them.

At the same time, he (i.e., an adult) pronounces aloud the words written on the card shown to the baby. Cards must be shown in a certain pattern, gradually replacing one word with another. Cards are not given to children.

You can work on the technique with children from 0 to 5 years.

The method of teaching reading according to Glenn Doman can be divided into the following stages:

1. We read words from simple to complex, then we read verbs

2. We read phrases, then simple and complex sentences

In parallel with the training, you will have to prepare more and more cards with words, sentences, and then with stories.

Advantages of the Glenn Doman technique

2. All learning for the baby will look like a pleasant game, during which the child receives a large portion of adult attention and positive emotions.

3. The baby will develop memory, he will receive (and remember) a huge amount of various information, he will be able to get encyclopedic knowledge if you do not just teach the child to read, but fully engage in the Glen Doman method.

Cons of the Glenn Doman Method

1. The need to make a large number of cards, it is quite laborious if you make them completely on your own, and somewhat easier if you buy ready-made sets (or print them from the Internet).

2. The cards should be shown to the child daily, several times a day, and the correct replacement of the already shown cards should be monitored. If parents are busy with work, household chores, and other activities with children (walking, kindergarten, simple games, etc.), then it is very difficult to follow the class schedule.

3. The child may not respond to the cards, may forget what has been passed, may require the shown cards - to touch or chew them, what to do in such cases - Glen Doman does not specify. There are also very active children who find it difficult to sit still, and even more so to concentrate on looking somewhere.

4. There may be problems in elementary school, as with all children who have learned to read at once in syllables, warehouses or words, and not make them up from sounds. The curriculum is not designed for this. Children are taught the opposite - to go from sounds to syllables, which can cause some misunderstanding among such children.

5. The child turns from an active participant in the learning process into its object. When learning, only the visual system of the baby works, other sensory organs are not involved. He is loaded with knowledge, but not taught to think and analyze. But at the same time, undoubtedly, other methods can be used in your free time to develop creative and research abilities.

6. Training is carried out with kids up to five years old, preferably from birth. With six-year-olds and older children, the technique does not work.

At the CRR "Academy" we offer group consultations on teaching reading based on the sound method. The reason for the choice of this technique was that on its basis training at school was built. Thus, the child, entering school, will not experience difficulties in learning to read and write, but on the contrary, he will master its basic elements.

Also among the advantages of attending group consultations at the Academy is that much attention is paid to the development of the child's oral speech. The consultations offer a variety of tasks to address gaps in development grammatical structure speech, enrich vocabulary child, to develop interest in the word, in speech.

In addition, much attention is paid to the development of visual perception, visual attention and memory, as well as the development of spatial representations, i.e. those functions that underlie the skill of reading.

Thus, attending group consultations at the Academy Center for Children's Development Center at the same time as learning to read, the child will receive a good opportunity to develop attention, memory, thinking and speech.

Over the course of decades, various methods of teaching children to read. Now there are several most common methods of teaching reading. And the question arises before parents: what method to choose? How better and easier teach a child to read?

Let's take a closer look at the methods of teaching reading, so that it is easier to decide on the choice of the right one.

The most common, officially recognized is Elkonin's sound-letter method of teaching reading(analytical-synthetic approach). This one is used in school. Almost all Primers are built on this method of teaching reading.

Choosing this method of teaching reading, you should pay attention to the fact that it is based on analytical and synthetic operations. Do you think that at 3-4 years old a child is able to analyze and synthesize material? At this age, the ability to analyze is only being laid, and even then not in all children. Often, even when they come to school, children have difficulty in analyzing, and what can we say about kids 3-4 years old.

Initially, this teaching method was designed for children 6-7 years old. Now start teach to read much earlier, but completely do not pay attention to the capabilities of the child. Of course, it is much easier to teach reading according to the traditional method, because all this is familiar to us from childhood, there are many different primers, books and manuals. Take and learn.

And here many mistakes are made that greatly complicate the process of learning to read for the child. One of the most common mistakes is . Surely, each of you has come across a situation where a child knows the letters, but cannot read. Knowing the letters does not ensure the ability to read! And this way of learning is suitable for older preschoolers, but not for toddlers.

The next most common is This method involves learning to read based on warehouses. Training on Zaitsev's cubes takes place in the form of a fun, moving and exciting game. When learning to read using this method, the child simply will not be able to sit in one place. Now Zaitsev's technique has become widespread, but mostly in non-state institutions. There are clubs, courses, private kindergartens where children are taught to read using the Zaitsev method, but it is not used in schools.

Whether this is good or bad, it is impossible to say for sure. Each technique has its pros and cons. You just need to take them into account.

Another famous method of teaching reading G. Doman. Many years ago, while teaching retarded children to read, Glenn Doman tried simply showing the children cards with words written in very large red print and saying them out loud. The whole lesson took 5-10 seconds, but there were several dozen such lessons a day. And the children learned to read.

Now this method is used both for teaching special children and for teaching healthy children.

As they say, there are spots on the sun. Each method of teaching reading has its advantages and disadvantages, there are some nuances that must be taken into account.

What if we combine the best of all these techniques? What will happen? And how is it practically done?

If you have used any of these reading teaching methods Please share your results and impressions. Surely, other parents will be interested to know how best to teach a child to read.

And in the comments, please write what methods you used and what results you got.

And here you can see a fragment of the lesson according to Zaitsev's method.

The optimal period for getting acquainted with letters and learning to read by syllables is considered to be from 5 to. If the child learns without any problems, then the second step - folding letters into syllables - is most often very difficult. It requires perseverance, attention and help from parents. How to teach a child to read in syllables, what techniques can be used at home, we will tell in our article.

Algorithm for teaching a child to read by syllables

The action plan can be broken down into 3 steps:

1. Introduction to the alphabet.

This stage starts at 2-3 years of age. It does not cause difficulties for children, the letters are remembered and memorized easily.

1. Folding syllables.

Requires the child to understand sounds, not letters. Earlier than 4-5 years, you do not need to start this stage. If folding syllables from consonants and vowels is difficult, discourages reading, invite the baby to sing a couple of vowels together. For example, AU, EU ...

1. Continuous reading of several syllables.

If the child is good at merging letters into syllables. Going to reading simple words will not be difficult.

Thus, the main and most difficult step for preschoolers will be the 2nd stage of learning to read. Give him more time, spend classes regularly so that the skill is not lost. To help yourself and your child, choose one of the teaching methods recognized in the pedagogical community for teaching syllabic reading, presented below.

Primer Zhukova

Nadezhda Zhukova based her methodology on teaching the folding of syllables. Reading simple words starts from the third lesson. Before learning begins, children should be familiar with the alphabet, although you do not need to learn all the letters at once. At first, it is enough to inform the child about vowels, to explain that they are sung.

Focus on the following points:

• The child should help himself with his fingers.

N. Zhukova's primer has special tracks for connecting letters into syllables. You need to lead along them with your fingers and pull the first sound, connecting it at the end of the run with the second sound. So the child visualizes the process of reading.

• Pay attention to articulation.

The first sound is long, the second is short.

• Make sure that the baby does not separate the sounds.

For example, PeA instead of PAAAA. You need to pronounce not letters, but sounds. It may take a long time, but learning to pronounce sounds is the foundation of reading.

• During the lesson, give the child additional tasks.

Count how many sounds you read? How many letters are in this word? Which sound is first, which is second?

Do not forget about personal example. Read with your child together, at the same time, in turns and one after another.

Video teaching a child to read by syllables

Bakhtina's technique

Suitable for young children (from 3-4 years old) who have mastered the method of fluent letter recognition. Learning according to Bakhtina is based on combinations of one vowel with different consonants. For example, today you are introducing a child to how the letter A made friends with the consonant M. We read MA, then G-GA, and so on. A pair of consonants is enough for one day. In the next lesson, follow the same pattern, remembering to repeat the material from the last lesson.

After 5-7 lessons, you can add simple words from familiar letters: MA-MA, PA-PA, NO-GA. Leave complex vowels (E, Yu, Ya, Yo) for the last lessons. It is better to read them with hissing.

For lessons, use homemade flashcards or buy demo material from the store. Practice every day, but be guided by the individual pace of reading acquisition by the baby.

Warehouse Reading

Suitable for children who find it difficult to add syllables, reading letters separately from each other. For classes, parents need to prepare the following handout:

• Write out all the vowels in a column on a separate piece of paper.

The child must pronounce them fluently. This will take 1-3 lessons.

• Make another card by adding one consonant to the vowels. For example, SA, CO, SU, etc. Syllables are written in the same column.
• Prepare cards with syllables for the future (use all consonants).

When the material is ready, you can start learning. Build the learning process like this. First practice easy recognition and pronunciation of vowels, then read syllables with one consonant, after a good assimilation of the material with another, and so on. You need to read syllables from top to bottom, through one, from bottom to top, from left to right, only the first ones on several cards, and so on. This helps to automate the skill.

After mastering the ability to read all the syllables, proceed to the folding of simple words. If a child refuses to learn, come up with games with dolls, take Zaitsev's cubes to help, set an example yourself. Practice every day for 7-15 minutes, no more. You can’t take long breaks between lessons, a maximum of 1-2 days a week, otherwise the skill will quickly be lost, efforts will be wasted.

Attention! The use of any medicines and dietary supplements, as well as the use of any medical methods, is possible only with the permission of a doctor.

Any mother of a preschooler, even if he is not yet a year old, is already looking at various methods of teaching reading. Indeed, some of them allow you to achieve results in a completely young age. What are good early techniques, as well as what disadvantages they have, read in our article.

Sound (phonetic) method

This is the reading system that we were taught in school. It is based on the alphabetical principle. It is based on teaching the pronunciation of letters and sounds (phonetics), and when the child accumulates sufficient knowledge, he moves first to syllables formed from the fusion of sounds, and then to whole words.

Advantages of the method

• This method is commonly used to teach reading in schools, so the child does not have to "relearn".
• Parents understand this principle of education very well, since they themselves learned this way.
• The method develops a child's phonemic hearing, which allows you to hear and highlight sounds in words, which contributes to their correct pronunciation.
• Speech therapists recommend this particular method of teaching reading, since it also helps children get rid of speech defects.
• You can teach your child to read using the sound method in any convenient place, some exercises can be performed even on the street. The kid will be happy to play word games at home, in the country, on the train, and in a long queue at the clinic.

Cons of the method

• This method is not suitable for early childhood advocates who want the child to learn to read fluently before the age of five or six. Since learning to read in this way is a rather lengthy process that requires a certain level of development of the child, it is simply pointless to start using this method too early.
• Usually at first the child does not understand what he read, since all his efforts will be directed to read and parse individual words. Reading comprehension will have to be given special attention.

Zaitsev's cube learning method

This method involves learning to read based on warehouses. A warehouse is a pair of a consonant and a vowel, or a consonant and a hard or soft sign, or a single letter. Learning to read using Zaitsev's cubes takes place in the form of a fun, moving and exciting game of cubes.

Advantages of the method

• The child in a playful way immediately remembers the warehouse, the combination of letters. He does not stumble and quickly masters reading and the logic of building words.
• On Zaitsev's cubes there are only those combinations of letters that are fundamentally possible in the Russian language. So, for example, in his system there are no combinations or ZhY. Therefore, the child will be immediately and for the rest of his life insured against the most stupid mistakes (for example, he will never write “zhyraf” or “shyn” incorrectly).
• Zaitsev's cubes allow you to teach a child to read even from the age of one. But even a five-year-old is not too late to start. The system is not tied to a specific age.
• If the child does not keep up with the pace of modern school programs, the Zaitsev system can become a kind of "ambulance". The author himself claims that, for example, a four-year-old will begin to read after a few lessons.
• Classes do not take much time, they are held as if in between times.
• Zaitsev's cubes affect many senses. They develop an ear for music, a sense of rhythm, musical memory, fine motor skills of the hands, which in itself has a strong influence on the development of intelligence. Thanks to the multi-colored cubes, children develop spatial and color perception.

Cons of the method

• Children who have learned to read “according to Zaitsev” often “swallow” the endings, cannot figure out the composition of the word (after all, they are used to dividing it exclusively into warehouses and nothing else).
• Children have to be retrained already in the first grade, when they begin to undergo phonemic analysis of the word. The child may make mistakes in sound parsing.
• There are no combinations of ZhY or SHI on the cubes, but there are combinations of a consonant with the vowel E (BE, VE, GE, etc.). This means that the child gets used to this combination as a possible one in the language. Meanwhile, in Russian there are almost no words in which the letter E is written after a consonant (except for "sir", "mayor", "peer", "ude", "plein air").
• Zaitsev's allowances are quite expensive. Or parents themselves must make cubes from pieces of wood and cardboard blanks, and this is as many as 52 cubes. At the same time, they are short-lived, the baby can easily crush or gnaw them.

Doman card training

This method teaches children to recognize words as whole units, without breaking them down into parts. In this method, neither the names of letters nor sounds are taught. The child is shown a certain number of cards with a clear pronunciation of words several times a day. As a result, the child perceives and reads the word immediately, and learns to read very quickly and early.

Advantages of the technique

• Ability to teach reading almost from birth. All training will be a game for him, an opportunity to communicate with his mother, to learn something new and interesting.
• The baby will develop a phenomenal memory. He will easily memorize and analyze a huge amount of information.

Cons of the technique

• The complexity of the process. Parents will have to print a huge number of word cards, and then find time to show them to their child again.
• Children trained according to this method then experience difficulties with the school curriculum. They often have problems with literacy and word parsing.
• Often toddlers who had no problem reading words on home posters could not read a word if it was spelled differently.

Maria Montessori Method

According to the Montessori system, babies first learn to write letters using inserts and outline frames, and only then they learn the letters. Didactic material consists of letters cut out of rough paper and pasted onto cardboard plates. The kid calls the sound (repeats after the adults), and then traces the outline of the letter with his finger. Next, children learn to add words, phrases, texts.

Advantages of the technique

• There are no boring exercises and tedious lessons in the Montessori system. All learning is play. Entertaining, with bright interesting toys. And the baby learns everything - reading, writing, and everyday skills - while playing.
• Children who have learned to read using the Montessori method very quickly begin to read smoothly, without dividing words into syllables.
• The child immediately learns to read independently and silently.
• Exercises and games develop analytical thinking, logic.
• Many Montessori materials not only teach reading, but develop fine motor skills - an important element general development intelligence (for example, games with a rough alphabet contribute to this).

Cons of the technique

• Classes are difficult to do at home, as it requires a huge amount of time to prepare classes and expensive materials.
• Cumbersome materials and manuals: you will have to buy or make yourself a lot of frames, cards, books and other elements of the learning environment.
• The technique is designed for group lessons kindergarten and not at home.
• Mom in this system plays the role of an observer, not a teacher.

Methodology of Olga Soboleva

This method is based on the "bihemispheric" work of the brain. Learning a new letter, the child learns it through a recognizable image or character. The main goal of the method is not so much to teach to read, but to teach to love to read. All classes are built in the form of a game, so learning to read goes unnoticed and exciting. There are 3 streams of information in the methodology: for visuals, auditory and kinesthetics. Mechanical memorization is minimized, as the associative memorization technique is used.

Advantages of the technique

• As a result of this method of reading, the number of errors in children decreases, and speech becomes freer and more colorful, vocabulary expands, interest in creativity is activated, and the fear of the need for a written presentation of thoughts disappears.
• Rules, laws, exercises are performed as if jokingly and involuntarily. The child learns to concentrate and relax, as this is useful for learning new information.
• The technique very well develops imagination, fantasy, teaches to think logically, develops memory and attention.
• You can start learning almost from birth.
• Suitable for children with different channels of perception of information.

Minuses
There is no familiar system for parents who need everything to be clear and consistent. More suitable for "creative" children.