Design

Sound designations of hissing consonants. Solid unpaired hissing consonants

Nomination "Multimedia technologies in the pedagogical process in preschool educational institutions"

“I do not prefer the sound technique because
that children learn to read and write faster from it;
but because, having successfully achieved its special goal,
this technique at the same time gives independence to the child,
constantly exercises his attention, memory and reason of a child,
and when the book is then opened before him, it is already significantly
prepared to understand what he is reading, and, most importantly,
it is not suppressed, but aroused interest in learning. K.D. Ushinsky

Preparing children for literacy is an extremely important stage in the mental and speech development child. When teaching literacy, it is necessary to form basic concepts in children, such as: “sound”, “vowel”, “consonant”, “hard”, “soft”.

This process is complicated by the fact that the child's thinking in preschool age predominantly visual-figurative, that is, the baby mainly operates with images, not concepts. To solve this problem, when preparing children for literacy, along with various game techniques, I use computer games made independently in Microsoft Power Point, which increase the cognitive activity of children, contribute to the development of mental cognitive processes: perception, attention, memory, different types thinking.

Instructions for the game "Hissing Sounds"

Purpose of the game: to form in children the prerequisites for learning to read and write.

Correction-developing h adachi:

to fix the correct pronunciation of sounds [w], [g], [h], [u] in words, sentences;
exercise in the differentiation of sounds [w] - [s], [g] - [s];
continue to teach children the sound analysis of words;
develop auditory and visual perception, thinking.

Slide #1 is the title slide.

Slide number 2 - game selection: to select a game, click on its name. It is possible to play through the game sequentially, as well as its individual tasks.

The game "In which word is the sound hidden?" - slides No. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. Exercise children in choosing words with a given sound. By hyperlinks, the sound is selected, the pronunciation of which must be fixed in words. The choice of words in each task is carried out by clicking on the subject pictures at the top of the slide. If the word is named correctly, the picture turns over, if it is incorrect, it disappears. Sound [w] - bear, cone, cherry. Sound [w] - beetle, blackberry, giraffe. Sound [h] - butterfly, clock, ball. Sound [u] - lizard, puppy, brush.

The game "Where is the sound hidden?" - slides No. 8, 9, 10, 11, 12. Exercise children in determining the place of sound in a word (at the beginning of a word, in the middle and at the end of a word). By hyperlinks, the sound is selected, the position of which must be determined in words. The choice of words in each task is carried out by clicking on the subject pictures at the top of the slide. The selected word is dropped onto the corresponding scheme.

The game "Dress the sounders" - slides No. 13, 14. To consolidate knowledge of the acoustic characteristics of hissing sounds. The child must give a description of each hissing sound, in accordance with this characteristic, choose a hat and shoes for the sound. For example: the sound [w] is a consonant, hard, deaf, he needs to put on a hat and blue shoes.

Game "Toy Store" - slides No. 15, 16, 17. Exercise in the differentiation of sounds [w] - [s]. In the chest with the letter C, you need to put (name) toys, in the names of which we hear the sound [s], and in the chest with the letter Ш - words with sound [w].

Zoo game - slides No. 18, 19, 20. Exercise in the differentiation of sounds [g] - [h]. Place (name) animals in the enclosure with the letter Z, in the names of which we hear the sound [z], and in the enclosure with the letter Z - words with the sound [g].

Fun Train Game - slides No. 21, 22, 23, 24. Develop the concept of "syllable" in children, exercise in dividing words into syllables, determining the number of syllables in a word. Words with one, two and three syllables are determined by hyperlinks - wagons with the numbers 1, 2, 3. The choice of words in each task is carried out by clicking on the subject pictures on the right side of the slide. If the word is named correctly, then the picture moves to the car, if not, it disappears.

Game "Pick up the words" - slides No. 25, 26, 27. Develop the skills of sound analysis of words, differentiation of sounds into vowels, hard and soft consonants. At the bottom of the slide, a sound scheme is offered, to which children must pick up a word, the choice of words is carried out by clicking on the subject pictures at the top of the slide. If the word is chosen correctly, the picture is flipped, if it is wrong, the picture disappears.

Slide number 28 - a list of sources used.

There are 21 consonants and 37 consonants in Russian:

Letter	Sounds	Letter	Sounds
B	[b], [b"]	P	[P], [P"]
AT	[in], [in"]	R	[R], [R"]
G	[G], [G"]	FROM	[With], [With"]
D	[d], [d"]	T	[t], [t"]
AND	[and], [and"]	F	[f], [f"]
W	[h], [h"]	X	[X], [X"]
Y	[th"]	C	[c]
To	[to], [to"]	H	[h"]
L	[l], [l"]	W	[w]
M	[m], [m"]	SCH	[sch"]
H	[n], [n"]

Consonants are hard and soft, voiced and deaf. The softness of sound in transcription is indicated by [ " ].

Hard and soft consonants

A solid consonant is produced when the consonant is followed by a vowel. A, O, U, S or E:

lo ku we fe

A soft consonant is produced when the consonant is followed by a vowel. E, Yo, I, Yu or I:

be le ki nu la

The softness of consonants is also indicated with a soft sign - b. The soft sign itself does not denote sound. It is written after a consonant letter and together with it denotes one soft consonant sound:

lynx [lynx"], the fire [fire"], winter storm [in the "th" ug].

Most consonants correspond to two sounds: hard and soft, such consonants are called paired.

Paired consonants for hardness - softness:

But there are consonants that correspond to only one of the sounds: hard or soft. Such consonants are called unpaired.

Unpaired hard consonants(always solid):

AND [and], W [w], C [c].

Unpaired soft consonants(always soft):

H [h"], SCH[sch"], Y [th"].

In Russian there is a long voiced soft sound [ and"]. It is found in a small number of words and is obtained only when pronouncing letter combinations. zhzh, zhzh, zhd:

reins, rattle, rain.

Voiced and voiceless consonants

Consonants can be divided into voiceless and voiced.

Deaf consonants are called such sounds, the pronunciation of which does not use the voice. They consist only of noise. For example: sounds [ With], [w], [h"].

Voiced consonants are called such sounds, the pronunciation of which uses the voice, that is, they consist of voice and noise. For example: sounds [ R], [and], [d].

Some sounds make up a pair: voiced - deaf, such sounds are called paired.

Paired consonants for deafness - voicedness:

Unpaired voiced consonants: Y, L, M, N, R.

Unpaired voiceless consonants: X, C, H, W.

Hissing and whistling consonants

Sounds [ and], [w], [h"], [sch"] are called hissing consonants. Sounds [ and] and [ w] are unpaired hard hissing consonants:

beetle [beetle], jester [jester]

Sounds [ h"] and [ sch"] are unpaired soft hissing consonants:

siskin [h "izh], shield [shield]

Sounds [ h], [h"], [With], [With"], [c] are called whistling consonants.

Letter and sound Y

Letter Y(and short) denotes the sound [ th"]: paradise [paradise"].

Letter Y it is written:

At the beginning of words:
iodine, yogurt.
In the middle of words, before consonants:
husky, t-shirt, coffee pot.
At the end of words:
paradise, may, yours.

Sound [ th"] is more common than letters Y, since it appears in words where there is no letter Y, but there are vowels I, E, Yu and Yo. Consider in what cases the sound [ th"] occurs in words that do not contain a letter Y:

vowels I, E, Yu and Yo are at the beginning of a word:
pit [th "ama],
vowels I, E, Yu and Yo come after vowels:
blowing [blow it],
vowels I, E, Yu and Yo stand after a dividing solid sign ( Kommersant):
entry [vy "ezd],
vowels I, E, Yu and Yo stand after the separating soft sign ( b):
pouring [l "th" from],
vowel And stands after the separator soft sign ( b):
hives [st "th" and].

All sounds of the Russian language are created using a tone (voice) and are called vowels or different positions of the tongue, lips, etc. and are called consonants. Consonants, in turn, are divided according to the features of the work into hard / soft and deaf / voiced. AT separate group hissing sounds with specific features stand out. Let's consider them in more detail.

What are hissing consonants

Hissing sounds give the following four letters:

They got this name because their pronunciation is somewhat similar to hissing. To correctly pronounce these sounds, you need to slightly stretch your lips forward and start exhaling air into the gap between the raised tip of the tongue and the palate.

Hissing have special phonetic features and it is no coincidence that they are components of several spelling rules at once (for example, the famous rule "ZHI-SHI write with the letter I" or "CHA-SHCHA write with the letter A"). Let's talk about the features of the signs of these sounds.

Phonetic characteristics of hissing

The main feature of this category of sounds is that they do not always form pairs. The description of each of them will look like this:

[w] - consonant, deaf / double, solid / unpaired;
[g] - consonant, voiced / paired, solid / unpaired;
[h "] - consonant, deaf / unpaired, soft / unpaired;
[u] - consonant, deaf / unpaired, soft / unpaired.

Thus, the sounds [w] and [g] belong to solid unpaired hissing sounds.

Hissing sounds in the composition of the word

Due to their characteristics, hissing sounds are located in a word in a certain position and are placed only before specific sounds (the spelling rules in which they participate are connected with this). For example:

mouse - [mouse] - after [w] it is written and pronounced Oh, because this sound is always hard and cannot stand in front of softening Yo;
vest - [zhyl "Et] - after [zh] is written And, but pronounced [s], because it is always hard and cannot stand in front of softening [and];
pike [pike] - after [u] it is written and pronounced U, since it is always soft and writing an additional softening Yu next to it simply does not make sense.

In this article, we will talk about consonant sounds, their number, types (soft, hard, deaf and voiced) and other features and interesting facts.

There are 33 letters in Russian, of which 21 are consonants:

b - [b], c - [c], d - [g], d - [d], f - [g], d - [d], h - [h],
k - [k], l - [l], m - [m], n - [n], p - [p], p - [r], s - [s],
t - [t], f - [f], x - [x], c - [c], h - [h], w - [w], u - [u].

All named consonants represent 36 consonant sounds.

Russian also has 10 vowels and only 6 vowels.

A total of 33 letters (10 vowels + 21 consonants + "b" and "b"), denoting 42 sounds (6 vowels and 36 consonants), far from all speech sounds, but only the main ones.

The difference between the number of letters and sounds is due to the peculiarities of Russian writing, because, for example, hard and soft consonants are indicated by one letter.

The consonants are divided into:

voiced and deaf
hard and soft
paired and unpaired.

There are 36 different combinations of consonants in terms of pairing-unpairing of hard and soft, deaf and voiced: deaf - 16 (8 soft and 8 hard), voiced - 20 (10 soft and 10 hard).

Hard and soft consonants

Consonants are divided into hard and soft, such a division is due to the difference in the position of the tongue during their pronunciation. When we pronounce soft consonants, then the middle back of the tongue is raised to the hard palate. We also note that in addition to the fact that consonants are divided into hard and soft, they can be paired and unpaired.

For example, the letter “k” can mean both a hard sound [k], for example, in the word cat, and a soft sound [k`], for example, in the word glasses. We get that sounds [k] and [k '] form a pair of hardness-softness. For consonants that have a pair of hardness and softness, the following rule is true:

a consonant sound is solid if it is followed by vowels: a, o, y, s, e;
and is soft if it is followed by vowels: e, e, i, u, i.

In Russian, there are letters in which the sound that they designate can only be hard ([w], [g], [c]), or only soft ([y], [h`], [w`]). Such sounds do not belong to paired sounds, but are unpaired.

Voiceless and voiced consonants

Consonants are divided into voiced and deaf sounds. At the same time, voiceless consonants are pronounced practically with a covered mouth and vocal cords when they are pronounced, they do not work. Voiced consonants require more air, and when they are pronounced, the vocal cords work. That is, voiced consonants consist of noise and voice, and deaf consonants consist only of noise.

Life hack for determining the deafness or sonority of consonants for schoolchildren

To determine whether the sound encountered is deaf or sonorous, and children often have difficulty with this, one should plug their ears with their hands and pronounce the sound. When pronouncing deaf sounds somewhere in the distance, they will be heard, and when pronouncing voiced sounds in the ears, they will ring straight! So you can determine what sound met. Especially during phonetic parsing of words.

Some consonants are similar both in their sound and also in the way they are pronounced. However, such sounds are pronounced with different tonality, that is, either deafly or sonorously. Such sounds are combined in pairs and form a group of paired consonants. There are 6 such pairs in total, each of them has a voiceless and voiced consonant sound. The rest of the consonants are unpaired.

paired consonants: b-p, v-f, g-k, d-t, s-s, f-sh.
unpaired consonants: l, m, n, p, d, c, x, h, u.

Sonorous, noisy, hissing and whistling consonants

In Russian, sonorous, noisy, as well as hissing and whistling consonants are also distinguished. We give a definition of each of the named types of consonants, and also list which consonants belong to one or another type.

Sonorant consonants

Sonorant consonants are voiced unpaired consonants.

In total there are 9 sonorous sounds: [th '], [l], [l '], [m], [m '], [n], [n '], [p], [p '].

noisy consonant sounds

Noisy consonants are divided into voiced and voiceless. 16 sounds belong to deaf noisy consonants: [k], [k '], [p], [n '], [s], [s '], [t], [t '], [f], [f '], [x], [x '], [c], [h '], [w], [u '], and noisy voiced consonants include 11 sounds: [b], [b '], [ c], [c'], [g], [g'], [e], [e'], [g], [h], [h'].

Hissing consonant sounds

In total, there are 4 hissing consonants in Russian: [g], [h '], [w], [sh']. All of them sound like hissing, which is why they are called hissing consonants.

whistling consonant sounds

Whistling consonants [s] [s ’] [s] [s ’] [ts] are in their pronunciation anterior lingual, fricative. When articulating solid sounds [z], [c] and [c], the teeth are exposed, the tip of the tongue leans against the lower teeth, and the back of the tongue slightly arches, the lateral edges of the tongue are pressed against the upper molars. Air passes through, creating friction noise.

When articulating soft sounds[s ’] and [з `] also happens, but the back of the tongue rises to the hard palate.

When pronouncing voiced sounds [з] and [з`], the vocal cords are closed and vibrate, but the palatine curtain is raised.

Zh, Sh, Ch, U - hissing consonants.

Zh, Sh - solid consonants.

H, W - soft consonant sounds.

ZhI - SHI - write with the letter I.

CHA - SCHA

And on the river reeds

Past the field, past the rye

There were prickly hedgehogs.

ma ka

n wounds

lan ru

d a ly

shi shi

and and

PEARS

Ruffs

BABY REEDS

huts

SILENCE
CONES
lilies of the valley

FRAGRANT

CAR

OVERCOAT

MEN

CHIZHI

UZHI
LIVE

BE FRIENDS
CIRCLE
SWIFTS
LIVE
SKIS
SNOWFLAKE
PREPOSITIONS- IN, ON, IN, WITH, FROM, OVER, UNDER, ON, TO, FROM, WITHOUT, K, Y, O, ABOUT, ABOUT, FOR.

Selective dictation.

Write out words with a combination of zhi-shi.

A little swaying reeds,

The lake slumbers in silence.

Reflections live in it

suggestions.

cat, y, Tishka, lived, Misha.
fragrant, meadow, on, grass.
Faith, skis, y, new.
fluffy, swirling, snowflakes.
pears, kids, juicy, ate.

suggestions.

cat, y, Tishka, lived, Misha.
fragrant, meadow, on, grass.
Faith, skis, y, new.
pears, kids, juicy, ate.

2. What syllable is missing in the words?

We are flying ... , nimble streaks ... , prickly e ... , thick kams ... , colored pencils ... , long u ... .

1. Compose and write from words

suggestions.

cat, y, Tishka, lived, Misha.
fragrant, meadow, on, grass.
Faith, skis, y, new.
fluffy, swirling, snowflakes.
pears, kids, juicy, ate.

2. What syllable is missing in the words?

We are flying ... , nimble streaks ... , prickly e ... , thick kams ... , colored pencils ... , long u ... .

1. Compose and write from words

suggestions.

cat, y, Tishka, lived, Misha.
fragrant, meadow, on, grass.
Faith, skis, y, new.
fluffy, swirling, snowflakes.
pears, kids, juicy, ate.

2. What syllable is missing in the words?

We are flying ... , nimble streaks ... , prickly e ... , thick kams ... , colored pencils ... , long u ... .

1. Compose and write from words

suggestions.

cat, y, Tishka, lived, Misha.
fragrant, meadow, on, grass.
Faith, skis, y, new.
fluffy, swirling, snowflakes.
pears, kids, juicy, ate.

2. What syllable is missing in the words?

We are flying ... , nimble streaks ... , prickly e ... , thick kams ... , colored pencils ... , long u ... .

1. Compose and write from words

suggestions.

cat, y, Tishka, lived, Misha.
fragrant, meadow, on, grass.
Faith, skis, y, new.
fluffy, swirling, snowflakes.
pears, kids, juicy, ate.

2. What syllable is missing in the words?

We are flying ... , nimble streaks ... , prickly e ... , thick kams ... , colored pencils ... , long u ... .

1. Compose and write from words

suggestions.

cat, y, Tishka, lived, Misha.
fragrant, meadow, on, grass.
Faith, skis, y, new.
fluffy, swirling, snowflakes.
pears, kids, juicy, ate.

2. What syllable is missing in the words?

We are flying ... , nimble streaks ... , prickly e ... , thick kams ... , colored pencils ... , long u ... .

Determine how many sentences are in the text. Write , correctly indicating the beginning and end of sentences.

Late autumn has come in the forest bored and cold birds fly away cranes to warm countries circling over the swamp cranes they say goodbye to their sweet homeland for the whole winter.

Determine how many sentences are in the text. Write correctly indicating the beginning and end of sentences.

Late autumn has come in the forest bored and cold birds fly away cranes to warm countries circling over the swamp cranes they say goodbye to their sweet homeland for the whole winter.

1. Compose and write from words

suggestions.

cat, y, Tishka, lived, Misha.
fragrant, meadow, on, grass.
Faith, skis, y, new.
fluffy, swirling, snowflakes.
pears, kids, juicy, ate.

2. What syllable is missing in the words?

We are flying ... , nimble streaks ... , prickly e ... , thick kams ... , colored pencils ... , long u ... .

Determine how many sentences are in the text. Write correctly indicating the beginning and end of sentences.

Late autumn has come in the forest bored and cold birds fly away cranes to warm countries circling over the swamp cranes they say goodbye to their sweet homeland for the whole winter.

Determine how many sentences are in the text. Write correctly indicating the beginning and end of sentences.

Late autumn has come in the forest bored and cold birds fly away cranes to warm countries circling over the swamp cranes they say goodbye to their sweet homeland for the whole winter.

Determine how many sentences are in the text. Write correctly indicating the beginning and end of sentences.

Late autumn has come in the forest bored and cold birds fly away cranes to warm countries circling over the swamp cranes they say goodbye to their sweet homeland for the whole winter.

Determine how many sentences are in the text. Write correctly indicating the beginning and end of sentences.

Late autumn has come in the forest bored and cold birds fly away cranes to warm countries circling over the swamp cranes they say goodbye to their sweet homeland for the whole winter.

Determine how many sentences are in the text. Write correctly indicating the beginning and end of sentences.

Late autumn has come in the forest bored and cold birds fly away cranes to warm countries circling over the swamp cranes they say goodbye to their sweet homeland for the whole winter.

Selective dictation.

Selective dictation.

Write out words with combinations of zhi-shi
Shura was turning the hay. Hedgehogs live in burrows. There are empty cones under the tree. There are knives on the table. The rosehip bush is blooming.

Selective dictation.

Write out words with combinations of zhi-shi
Shura was turning the hay. Hedgehogs live in burrows. There are empty cones under the tree. There are knives on the table. The rosehip bush is blooming.

Selective dictation.

Write out words with combinations of zhi-shi
Shura was turning the hay. Hedgehogs live in burrows. There are empty cones under the tree. There are knives on the table. The rosehip bush is blooming.

Selective dictation.

Write out words with combinations of zhi-shi
Shura was turning the hay. Hedgehogs live in burrows. There are empty cones under the tree. There are knives on the table. The rosehip bush is blooming.

Selective dictation.

Write out words with combinations of zhi-shi
Shura was turning the hay. Hedgehogs live in burrows. There are empty cones under the tree. There are knives on the table. The rosehip bush is blooming.

Selective dictation.

Write out words with combinations of zhi-shi
Shura was turning the hay. Hedgehogs live in burrows. There are empty cones under the tree. There are knives on the table. The rosehip bush is blooming.

Selective dictation.

Write out words with combinations of zhi-shi
Shura was turning the hay. Hedgehogs live in burrows. There are empty cones under the tree. There are knives on the table. The rosehip bush is blooming.

What words are hidden here?
BEYVORO
VAKORO
COYABLO
DYYAGO
CASORO
CASOBA
KOMOLO
TAKAPUS
TALOPA

TU SY ZHI CHIK
CHA CHI YEARS
Selective dictation.

Selective dictation.