Norms

Creative and life path of Gogol portfolio. Nikolay Gogol

"To be in the world and not signify one's existence in any way - that seems terrible to me." N. V. Gogol.

The genius of classical literature

Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol is known to the world as a writer, poet, playwright, publicist and critic. A man of remarkable talent and an amazing master of words, he is famous both in Ukraine, where he was born, and in Russia, where he moved over time.

Especially Gogol is known for his mystical heritage. His stories, written in a unique Ukrainian language, which is not literary in the full sense of the word, convey the depth and beauty of Ukrainian speech, known to the whole world. The greatest popularity of Gogol was given by his "Viy". What other works did Gogol write? Below is a list of works. These are sensational stories, often mystical, and stories from the school curriculum, and little-known works of the author.

List of writer's works

In total, Gogol wrote more than 30 works. Some of them he continued to finish, despite the publication. Many of his creations had several variations, including "Taras Bulba" and "Viy". Having published the story, Gogol continued to reflect on it, sometimes adding or changing the ending. His stories often have multiple endings. So, next we consider the most famous works of Gogol. The list is in front of you:

"Ganz Kühelgarten" (1827-1829, under the pseudonym A. Alov).
“Evenings on a farm near Dikanka” (1831), part 1 (“Sorochinsky fair”, “Evening on the eve of Ivan Kupala”, “Drowned woman”, “Missing letter”). The second part was published a year later. It includes the following stories: "The Night Before Christmas", "Terrible Revenge", "Ivan Fedorovich Shponka and his Aunt", "The Enchanted Place".
Mirgorod (1835). Its edition was divided into 2 parts. The first part included the stories "Taras Bulba", "Old World Landowners". The second part, completed in 1839-1841, included "Viy", "The Tale of how Ivan Ivanovich quarreled with Ivan Nikiforovich."
"Nose" (1841-1842).
"Morning business man". It was written, like the comedies Litigation, Fragment and Lakeyskaya, from 1832 to 1841.
"Portrait" (1842).
"Notes of a Madman" and "Nevsky Prospekt" (1834-1835).
"Inspector" (1835).
The play "Marriage" (1841).
"Dead Souls" (1835-1841).
Comedies "Players" and "Theatrical tour after the presentation of a new comedy" (1836-1841).
"Overcoat" (1839-1841).
"Rome" (1842).

These are published works that Gogol wrote. The works (a list by year, to be more precise) indicate that the writer's talent flourished in 1835-1841. And now let's go through the reviews of Gogol's most famous stories.

"Viy" - the most mystical creation of Gogol

The story "Viy" tells about the recently deceased lady, the centurion's daughter, who, as the whole village knows, was a witch. The centurion, at the request of his beloved daughter, forces the funeral worker Khoma Bruta to be read over her. The witch, who died through the fault of Khoma, dreams of revenge...

Reviews of the work "Viy" - continuous praise for the writer and his talent. It is impossible to discuss the list of Nikolai Gogol's works without mentioning everyone's favorite Viy. Readers note bright characters, original, unique, with their own characters and habits. All of them are typical Ukrainians, cheerful and optimistic people, rude but kind. It is impossible not to appreciate the subtle irony and humor of Gogol.

They also highlight the unique style of the writer and his ability to play on contrasts. During the day, the peasants walk and have fun, Khoma also drinks, so as not to think about the horror of the coming night. With the advent of evening, a gloomy, mystical silence sets in - and Khoma again enters the circle outlined in chalk ...

A very short story keeps you in suspense until the last page. Below are stills from the 1967 film of the same name.

Satirical comedy "The Nose"

The Nose is an amazing story, written in such a satirical form that at first it seems fantastic absurdity. According to the plot, Platon Kovalev, a public person and prone to narcissism, wakes up in the morning without a nose - it is empty in its place. In a panic, Kovalev begins to look for his lost nose, because without it you won’t even appear in a decent society!

Readers easily saw the prototype of Russian (and not only!) Society. Gogol's stories, despite being written in the 19th century, do not lose their relevance. Gogol, whose list of works for the most part can be divided into mysticism and satire, very subtly felt modern society, which has not changed much since then. The rank, the external gloss are still held in high esteem, but the inner content of a person is of no interest to anyone. It is Plato's nose, with an outer shell, but without inner content, that becomes the prototype of a man richly dressed, rationally thinking, but soulless.

"Taras Bulba"

"Taras Bulba" is a great creation. Describing the works of Gogol, the most famous, the list of which is provided above, it is impossible not to mention this story. In the center of the plot are two brothers, Andrei and Ostap, as well as their father, Taras Bulba himself, a strong, courageous and utterly principled man.

Readers especially emphasize the small details of the story, on which the author focused, which enlivens the picture, makes those distant times closer and more understandable. The writer studied the details of the life of that era for a long time, so that readers could more vividly and vividly imagine the events taking place. In general, Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol, whose list of works we are discussing today, has always attached particular importance to trifles.

Charismatic characters also made a lasting impression on readers. The tough, merciless Taras, ready to do anything for the sake of the Motherland, the brave and courageous Ostap and the romantic, selfless Andrey - they cannot leave readers indifferent. In general, the famous works of Gogol, the list of which we are considering, have interesting feature- an amazing, but harmonious contradiction in the characters of the characters.

"Evenings on a Farm Near Dikanka"

Another mystical, but at the same time funny and ironic work by Gogol. The blacksmith Vakula is in love with Oksana, who promised to marry him if he gets her little slippers, like the queen herself. Vakula is in despair... But then, quite by chance, he comes across evil spirits, having fun in the village in the society of a witch. It is not surprising that Gogol, whose list of works contains numerous mystical stories, involved a witch and a devil in this story.

This story is interesting not only for the plot, but also for the colorful characters, each of which is unique. They, as if alive, appear before the readers, each in his own image. One Gogol admires with light irony He admires Vakula, and teaches Oksana to appreciate and love. Like a caring father, he chuckles good-naturedly at his characters, but it all looks so soft that it causes only a gentle smile.

The character of the Ukrainians, their language, customs and foundations, so clearly described in the story, could only be described in such detail and lovingly by Gogol. Even joking about the "Muscovites" looks cute in the mouths of the characters in the story. This is because Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol, whose list of works we are discussing today, loved his homeland and spoke of it with love.

"Dead Souls"

Sounds mystical, right? However, in reality, Gogol did not resort to mysticism in this work and looked much deeper - into human souls. The main character Chichikov seems to be a negative character at first glance, but the more the reader gets to know him, the more positive features he notices in him. Gogol makes the reader worry about the fate of his hero, despite his hard-hitting actions, which already says a lot.

In this work, the writer, as always, acts as an excellent psychologist and a real genius of the word.

Of course, these are not all the creations that Gogol wrote. The list of works is incomplete without the continuation of Dead Souls. It was his author who allegedly burned it before his death. Rumor has it that in the next two volumes, Chichikov was supposed to improve and become a decent person. Is it so? Unfortunately, now we will never know for sure.

Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol (1809 - 1852) was born in Ukraine, in the village of Sorochintsy in the Poltava region. His father was from the landowners of the Bohdan Khmelnitsky family. In total, 12 children were brought up in the family.

Childhood and youth

Neighbors and friends constantly gathered at the Gogol family estate: the father of the future writer was known as a great admirer of the theater. It is known that he even tried to write his own plays. So Nikolai inherited his talent for creativity from his father's side. While studying at the Nizhyn Gymnasium, he became famous for the fact that he loved to write bright and funny epigrams for his classmates and teachers.

Since the teaching staff of the educational institution was not distinguished by high professionalism, the gymnasium students had to devote a lot of time to self-education: they wrote out almanacs, prepared theatrical performances, and published their own handwritten journal. At that time, Gogol had not yet thought about a writing career. He dreamed of entering the civil service, which was then considered prestigious.

Petersburg period

Moving to St. Petersburg in 1828 and the much-desired civil service did not bring moral satisfaction to Nikolai Gogol. It turned out that the work in the office is boring.

At the same time, Gogol's first printed poem, Hans Küchelgarten, appeared. But the writer is also disappointed in her. And so much so that he personally takes the published materials from the store and burns them.

Life in St. Petersburg has a depressing effect on the writer: an uninteresting job, a dull climate, material problems ... He increasingly thinks about returning to his picturesque native village in Ukraine. It was the memories of the homeland that were embodied in a well-transmitted national flavor in one of the most famous works of the writer, Evenings on a Farm near Dikanka. This masterpiece was warmly received by critics. And after Zhukovsky and Pushkin left positive reviews about "Evenings ...", the doors to the world of real luminaries of writing art opened for Gogol.

Inspired by the success of his first successful work, after a short time Gogol wrote Notes of a Madman, Taras Bulba, The Nose, Old World Landowners. They further reveal the talent of the writer. After all, no one before in his works so accurately and vividly touched upon the psychology of "small" people. No wonder the well-known critic of that time Belinsky spoke so enthusiastically about Gogol's talent. Everything could be found in his works: humor, tragedy, humanity, poetism. But with all this, the writer continued to be not completely satisfied with himself and his work. He believed that his civic position was expressed too passively.

Having failed in public service, Nikolai Gogol decides to try his hand at teaching history at St. Petersburg University. But even here another fiasco awaited him. Therefore, he makes another decision: to devote himself entirely to creativity. But not as a contemplative writer, but as an active participant, a judge of heroes. In 1836, the bright satire "Inspector General" comes out from the author's pen. The society accepted this work ambiguously. Perhaps because Gogol was able to very sensitively "hurt a nerve", showing all the imperfections of the then society. Once again, the writer, disappointed in his abilities, decides to leave Russia.

Roman holiday

From St. Petersburg, Nikolai Gogol emigrates to Italy. Quiet life in Rome has a beneficial effect on the writer. It was here that he began to write a large-scale work - "Dead Souls". Once again, society did not accept a real masterpiece. Gogol was accused of slandering his homeland, because the society could not take a blow to the serfdom. Even the critic Belinsky took up arms against the writer.

Rejection by society in the best way affected the writer's health. He made an attempt and wrote the second volume of Dead Souls, but he personally burned the manuscript.

The writer died in Moscow in February 1852. The official cause of death was "nervous fever".

Gogol was fond of knitting and sewing. He made the famous neckerchiefs for himself.
The writer had a habit of walking the streets only on the left side, which constantly interfered with passers-by.
Nikolai Gogol was very fond of sweets. In his pockets you could always find sweets or a piece of sugar.
The writer's favorite drink was goat's milk brewed with rum.
The whole life of the writer was associated with mysticism and legends about his life, which gave rise to the most incredible, sometimes ridiculous rumors.

The influence of Gogol's work on the development of Russian literature.

Nikolai Vasilievich Gogol - the most mysterious star in the sky of Russian literature of the 19th and 20th centuries - still amazes the reader and viewer and magic power descriptiveness, and the most unusual originality of his way to the Motherland, to unraveling and even ... creating a future for her. Inclination towards the Future... Gogol - let's remember once again Pushkin's dream "The rumor about me will spread throughout the whole of Great Russia", and Mayakovsky's bashful hope "I want to be understood by my native country" that sounded a hundred years later - completed the idea of moving into the Future, into the anxious and, as many believed, in the “beautiful Dapeko”, which would not only be cruel to a person. And in this regard, it is closest to many things in Russian folklore, in folk song

“It is impossible to forget anything that Gogol said, even trifles, even unnecessary ones,” noted F.M. Dostoevsky. “Gogol had Phidias’s chisel,” wrote V.V. Rozanov, a philosopher and critic of the 20th century. - How many words are dedicated to Petrushka, Chichikov's lackey? And I remember no less than Nikolai Rostov. And Osip? In fact ... The melancholy Osip, Khlestakov's servant in The Inspector General, says just something, warning his master, the inspired writer of the poem about his own significance: “Get out of here. By God, it’s time already,” and accepts gifts from merchants, including… a commemorative rope (“Give me a rope, and the rope will come in handy on the way”). But this “rope in reserve” was remembered by many generations of Russian viewers.

And with what supernatural completeness it was in Gogol that two most beautiful qualities, living separately in many, with the exception of Pushkin, were combined: an exceptional vital observation and an equally rare power of imagination. If the artistic image as the main exponent of the spiritual life of Russia, the focus of its spiritual life, before Gogol was, as it were, distant from the facts, from factuality, then in Gogol's work it was long before M. Gorky! - the fact, as it were, moved into the depths of the image, sharpened the image, made it heavier.

Incredibly wide harem pants, the fateful pipe, Taras Bulba's "cradle", the dried-up "singing doors" in the idyllic house of the "old-world landowners" will forever arise from Gogol's reality. And the enigmatic melody of the “string ringing in the fog” from the St. Petersburg fantastic dreams of Poprishchin (“Notes of a Madman”) that struck even A. Blok.

Until now, it is difficult to decide whether we “remember” in detail even the magic trinity bird itself, this “simple, it seems, road projectile”? Or every time, together with Gogol, do we “compose” this winged trio in our own way, “complete”, decipher the transcendent riddle of the indomitable, horror-inducing movement? An immense secret "by the smoke of a smoking road", the secret of horses unknown to the world with incredible, but, as it were, visible "whirlwinds In their manes"? Gogol's contemporary I. Kireevsky was probably right when he said that after reading "Dead Souls" we have "hope and thought about the great purpose of our fatherland."

But until now, the unanswered question is mysterious - the epigraph to all post-Gogol literature - “Rus, where are you rushing to? Give an answer. Gives no answer! And what can be the answer if Russia-troika rushes “through Korobochek and Sobakevichi” (P.v. Palievsky)? If two of the most famous writers of the early twentieth century, creating their image of Gogol close to symbolism, made up this Russia-troika “from the insane Poprishchin, the witty Khlestakov and the prudent Chichikov” (D.S. Merezhkovsky) or ?. “Gogol is rich: not one, but two troikas - Nozdryov - Chichikov - Manilov and Korobochka - Plyushkin - Sobakevich ... Nozdryov - Chichikov - Manilov through the forests and mountains life hover under the clouds - an airy troika. Life is not built, but the owners - another trio: Korobochka - Plyushkin - Sobakevich.

What did Gogol teach all subsequent Russian literature?

The usual answer is that he brought Laughter as the element of life to the fore, that viewers and readers have never laughed so much in Russia - after D. Fonvizin's Undergrowth with his Prostakovs, Skotinins and Mitrofanushka, after A. Griboyedov's Woe from Wit, - how they laughed together with Gogol, is hardly accurate in everything. Gogol's laughter in "Evenings on a Farm near Dikanka" (1832) is still bright, light, sometimes funny, although often the appearances of all kinds of sorcerers, sorcerers, thieves of the moon alternate with continuous dances frightening with their automatism, with a "hopak", as if protecting this optimism . An unbridled tide of some desperate mischief holds together an ideal and idyllic world.

And what is the laughter in the "Petersburg tales", in the entire Gogolian demonology of Petersburg, that most fatal, deliberate city in Russia? Gogol removes in these stories the amusing or terrible figures of the bearers of evil, all visual mischievous fantasy and devilry, removes somewhere Basavryuk, the lady-witch, mermaids, sorcerers - but some kind of faceless, boundless evil reigns in his Petersburg. For the first time in Russian prose, that “diaboliad” is born, that world evil, which will then be “disenchanted” by Bulgakov in The Master and Margaret with his Satan Woland, and Platonov in many plays, and of course, A. Bely in Paterburg ", F.K. Sologub in "Small Demon" and even Shukshin in his phantasmagories "Until the third roosters" and "In the morning they woke up ...". Even Dostoevsky came out of more than one "Overcoat", and Sukhovo-Kobylin with his dramatic trilogy "Krechinsky's Wedding", "The Case", "The Death of Tarepkin", as well as from Gogol's "Nose" with its deceptive figurativeness, false concreteness, terrible illusoryness, fear of space, the desire to hide from the oncoming emptiness ... Squares of hypertrophied dimensions in St. Petersburg ... reflect the incomplete habitation, little overworking of space in early St. Petersburg (it is no coincidence that shoes are not robbed on a wide square, while in Moscow this was done in narrow alleys). Petersburg fear, evil itself in Gogol's "Petersburg stories" - this is no longer a bad neighbor-damn, a sorcerer, not Basavryuk. The writer does not see the carriers of living evil, the carriers of witchcraft. The whole Nevsky Prospekt is a continuing phantasmagoria, a deceit: “Everything is a deceit, everything is a dream, everything is not what it seems!” With this spell, Gogol completes Nevsky Prospekt, an alarming story about the tragic death of the idealist artist Piskarev and the happy “enlightenment”, getting rid of the thirst for revenge of the vulgar Lieutenant Pirogov, flogged by German artisans. From this Petersburg, along with Khlestakov, it is precisely fear, the satellite and shadow of Petersburg, that will come to the prefabricated provincial city in The Inspector General.

Gogol “sang” (didn’t he?) Petersburg in such a peculiar way that many historians later unfairly blamed and reproached him: with him, Gogol, the well-known “tarnishing”, darkening of the image of Petersburg, clouding of its regal beauty, the protracted era of the tragic twilight of Petropolis begins.

It was after Gogol that the tragic Petersburg of Dostoevsky, and the whole disturbing silhouette of a ghost town in the novel "Petersburg" by A. Bely, and that city of A. Blok, where "Over the bottomless pit into eternity, / Panting, a trotter flies ...". In the 20th century, Gogol's Petersburg became the prototype, the basis of that grandiose stage platform for the multi-act action of revolutions, became a city "familiar to tears" (O. Mandelstam), for A. Blok in the poem "The Twelve" and many others.

The scope and depth of contradictions in the artist are often evidence of the greatness of his quest, the transcendentity of hopes and sorrows. Did Gogol, who created the comedy The Inspector General (1836), together with the future Khlestakov (he was called Skakunov in the first edition) understand this new, mirage space, full of echoes of the future, did he understand the whole meaning of The Inspector General, his brilliant creation?

The comical heroes of The Inspector General are extremely distinct, like sculptured figures of officials, inhabitants of the prefabricated city, as if drawn into the field of action of forces alienated, even from the author, into the field of absurdity, delusion. They are completed by some kind of impersonal carousel. They even break into the stage, literally squeezing out, cutting off the door, as Bobchinsky stumbled into Khlestakov's room, knocking down the door to the floor from the corridor. Gogol himself seems to be alienated from comedy, where the element of laughter reigns, the element of action and expressive language. Only at the end of the comedy does he, as it were, “remember”, he tries to relate both to the audience and to himself a very edifying and woeful doubt: “Why are you laughing? Laugh at yourself!" By the way, in the text of 1836 this meaningful remark, the signal to stop the "carousel", to the general petrification, the transformation of sinners into a kind of "pillars of salt", was not. Are they, the funny heroes of The Inspector General, so villainous? Before Gogol, there were no such truthful, frank, gullible "villains", as if begging to soften the punishment, rushing about with their vices, as if in confession, laying out everything about themselves. They behave as if they were walking under God, convinced that Khlestakov (the messenger of the terrible, St. Petersburg higher power) and knows their thoughts and deeds in advance ...

Dead Souls (1842) is a solitary, even more difficult attempt by Gogol, the direct predecessor of Dostoevsky’s prophetic realism, to express the ultimate conceptual “Russian point of view” on the fate of man in the world, on all his irrational connections, to express through analysis the feelings of conscience and voice vices. The immortal poem is a synthesis of the entire artistic spiritual experience of the writer and, at the same time, a sharp overcoming of the boundaries of literature, foreshadowing even Tolstoy's future renunciation of the artistic word. By the way, Leo Tolstoy, by the way, will speak almost Gogol about spiritual exhaustion, the overstrain of the Russian writer’s perceiving thought, about his suffering conscience and the torments of the word: for him in his later years, on the threshold of the twentieth century, all creativity is the knowledge of the Motherland “at the limit of thought and at the beginning of the prayer.

Gogol is the founder of a great series of grandiose ethical attempts to save Russia by turning it to Christ: it was continued both in the sermons of L. Tolstoy, and in S. Yesenin’s often woeful attempts to realize the fate, the whirlwind of events, the deeds of those that were in Russia in 1917 only “ They sprayed around, hoofed / And disappeared under the devil's whistle. And even in some kind of sacrifice by V. Mayakovsky: “I will pay for everyone, I will pay for everyone” ... The death of A. Blok in 1921 at the moment when music disappeared in the era is also a distant version of “Gogol’s self-immolation”. Gogol "gogolized" many decisions and thoughts of writers. It was as if he was trying to move the most immovable, petrified, to call everyone along the path of Russia-troika. And the mystery of "Dead Souls", that is, the first volume, with Chichikov's visits to six landowners (each of them is either "deader" or more alive than the previous one), with fragments of the second volume, is most often solved by focusing on the image of the road, on the motives movement. As in The Inspector General, Gogol's thought in Dead Souls seems to rush through sinful Russia, past the heap of junk in Plyushkin's house to holy, ideal Russia. The idea of God-forsaken Russia is refuted by many penetrating mournful looks in the biographies of heroes, including Chichikov. Often the writer both hears and sees what goes to the aid of his despair, his longing: “It is still a mystery - this inexplicable revelry that is heard in our songs rushes somewhere past life and the song itself, as if burned by the desire for a better homeland” . His Chichikov, who laughed at Sobakevich's "comments" on the list of dead souls, suddenly creates entire poems about the carpenter Stepan Probka, about the barge hauler Abakum Fyrov, who has gone to the Volga, where reigns "revelry of a wide life" and a song "endless like Russia."

Is Nikolai Gogol. Everyone knows his books. Based on his works, films are made and performances are staged. The work of this writer is very diverse. It contains both romantic stories and works of realistic prose.

Biography

Nikolai Gogol was born in Ukraine in the family of a regimental clerk. The talent of the satirist in him manifested itself early. Gogol showed an indefatigable thirst for knowledge already in childhood. Books played a big role in his life. In the Nezhin School, where he received his education, he was not given sufficient knowledge. That is why he subscribed additionally to literary magazines and almanacs.

Even in his school years, he began to compose witty epigrams. Teachers were the subject of ridicule of the future writer. But the lyceum student did not attach much importance to such creative research. After completing the course, he dreamed of leaving for St. Petersburg, believing that he could get a job there in the public service.

Service in the office

The dream came true, and the lyceum graduate left his native land. However, in St. Petersburg, he was able to get only a modest place in the office. In parallel with this work, he created small but they were bad, and he bought almost all copies of the first poem, which was called "Hans Küchelgarten", in a bookstore and burned it with his own hand.

Longing for a small homeland

Soon, failures in creativity and material difficulties plunged Gogol into despondency. The northern capital began to cause melancholy in his soul. And more and more often the employee of the small office recalled Ukrainian landscapes dear to the heart. Not everyone knows what book brought Gogol fame. But there is no schoolchild in our country who would not know the work “Evenings on a Farm near Dikanka”. This book was inspired by a yearning for small homeland. And that's exactly what literary work brought fame to Gogol and allowed him to gain recognition from his fellow writers. A laudatory review of Pushkin himself was awarded to Gogol. The books of the great poet and writer in his youth had a decisive influence on him. That is why the opinion of the luminary of literature was especially valuable for the young author.

"Petersburg Tales" and other works

Since then, Gogol was well received in literary circles. He closely communicated with Pushkin and Zhukovsky, which could not but affect his work. From now on, writing became the meaning of life for him. He took this matter very seriously. And the result was not long in coming.

During this period, Gogol's most famous books were written. Their list suggests that the writer worked in an extremely intensive mode and did not give particular preference to one or another genre. His works caused a resonance in the world of literature. Belinsky wrote about the talent of the young prose writer, who is distinguished by his amazing ability to recognize unique abilities at an early stage. The realistic direction laid down by Pushkin developed at a decent level, as evidenced by Gogol's books. Their list includes the following works:

"Portrait".
"Diary of a Madman".
"Nose".
"Nevsky Prospect".
"Taras Bulba".

Each of them is unique in its own way. In a sense, Nikolai Gogol became an innovator. His books were distinguished by the fact that for the first time in the history of Russian literature they touched on the topic. It was done superficially, but before that the fate of thousands ordinary people portrayed in fiction only in passing.

But no matter how strong and unique the talent of the creator of The Overcoat, he made a special contribution to literature thanks to the writing of The Inspector General and Dead Souls.

Satire

Early works brought Gogol success. However, the writer was not satisfied with this. Gogol did not want to remain just a contemplator of life. The realization that the mission of the writer is extremely great grew stronger and stronger in his soul. The artist is able to convey to his readers his vision of modern reality, thereby influencing the consciousness of the masses. From now on, Gogol created for the benefit of Russia and its people. His books testify to this good intention. The poem "Dead Souls" has become the greatest work in literature. However, after the release of the first volume, the writer was severely attacked by adherents of conservative views.

The difficult situation that developed in the life and work of the writer led to the fact that he failed to complete the poem. The second volume, which was written shortly before his death, was burned by the writer.

Gogol's life and work is divided into three stages. Each of them has its own semantic features. In his works, the mystical and the real are combined, the author uses humorous techniques. All his work had a huge impact on all Russian literature.

In 1829 the first period in Gogol's work began and ended in 1835. At this time he writes satirical works. He received the name "Petersburg". For the first time in this city he experienced adversity and problems. He saw real life in a negative light. The writer had a dream of a happy life. At this time, his first collections "Evenings on a farm near Dikanka", "Mirgorod" and "Arabesques" were published. They depict pictures of life, from his previous life in Ukraine.

From 1836, the second stage began, which lasted until 1842. The works of this stage are distinguished by realism. At this time, he prints The Government Inspector and Dead Souls. In them, Gogol raised problems revealing the vices of people, corruption, vulgarity, lies. He ridiculed them, trying to defeat them in this way.

Since 1842, the third and last period in the work of N.V. Gogol. It ended in 1852. During this period, Gogol exposes his inner world, he raises philosophical and religious questions. When he lived abroad, in complete oblivion and loneliness, he turned to religion and rethought his life.

At this moment, he is working on the second volume of Dead Souls, in which the author wanted to find positive features with negative characters. In the work “Selected places from correspondence with friends”, the writer depicted his spiritual world, and the crisis. Gogol falls ill, burns his work "Dead Souls", and soon after that he dies.

N.V. Gogol wrote works of various genres, but in all of them a person stands in the center. Folk legends, epics were included in the plot of the works.

In his books there is a connection real world with fantasy. Mystical and real heroes live in the same time. This shows the romantic orientation of the works of the writer's early work.

Mysticism was in the writer's life all the time. Gogol remains not only a writer, but also a great mystic of our time.

Message 2

Speaking about the work of Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol, one must first of all turn to the times of the school of the writer. His writing data were received congenitally from his parents, and were fixed in the Nizhyn Lyceum, where the famous writer studied. There was a particular shortage of teaching material in the lyceum, in order for young people who wanted to know more to quench their thirst for knowledge. For this, it was additionally necessary to write out the works of well-known, at that time, writers. They were Zhukovsky and Pushkin. Gogol also took the initiative to become editor-in-chief of the local school magazine.

The development of creativity N.V. Gogol went from romanticism on the way to realism. And in every way these two styles were mixed throughout the life of the writer. The first attempts at literary writing were no good, since life in Russia oppressed him, and his thoughts and dreams rushed to his native Ukraine, where the writer spent his childhood.

The poem "Hanz Kühelgarten" became the first published work of N.V. Gogol, in 1829. Her character was more romantic and the poem was a Fossian imitation. But after negative criticism, the poem was immediately burned by the writer. Romanticism and realism are well mixed in the collection Evenings on a Farm near Dikanka. It so well reflected the dream of a beautiful and uncomplicated, direct and happy life. The author was able to portray Ukraine in a completely different way, in his works there was restlessness, conflict, the liquidation of human relations, criminal acts in front of fellow countrymen, intertwined with the detachment of the individual.

N.V. Gogol idolized Pushkin and Zhukovsky, they were his inspirers, which helped the birth of such works as Nevsky Prospekt, Tras Bulba, Viy.

Two subsequent collections, "Arabesques" and "Mirgorod", transferred readers to the environment of officials, where it was full of minor worries and misfortunes that burden the everyday life of the people described there. Romantic themes and encounters were more realistic, which made it possible to rebuild all the degrees of writing the poem. The theme of the "little man" was well revealed in the story "The Overcoat", and became the main one in Russian literature.

The talent of a satirist and the path of an innovator in the creation of dramatic works was noted in the comedies The Inspector General and The Marriage. It was completely new stage in the creative activity of the writer.

Gogol's works have always been imbued with the spirit of Ukraine, with notes of humor, full of humanity and tragedy.

The Amur River is the largest and most mysterious, shrouded in legends, river in the entire Far East, its length is 2824 km and its width is 5 km. Amur is born from the confluence of the Argun and Shilka rivers.

Canada - message report (2, 7 grade geography)
The country is in the north North America, washed by three oceans at once: the Arctic, the Pacific (in the west) and the Atlantic (in the east).