Dragunov sniper rifle (SVD), right side view.

Dragunov sniper rifle (SVD), left side view.

Dragunov sniper rifle with modern plastic stock

SVDS Dragunov sniper rifle with short barrel and side-folding stock.

Sniper rifle Dragunov Modified SVDM, with 1P88 scope and folding bipod

Foreign clones and imitations of the SVD rifle, from top to bottom: Al-Kadesih rifle (Iraq), Type 85 rifle (Type 85, China) and FPK rifle (Romania). Please note that only the top two rifles are actually copies of the SVD, the FPK rifle is actually an enlarged modification of the Kalashnikov assault rifle in 7.62x54R designed "under the SVD".

In 1958, the GRAU (Main Rocket and Artillery Directorate) of the General Staff of the Soviet Army announced a competition for the creation of a self-loading sniper rifle for the Soviet Army. The team led by E. Dragunov won the competition, and in 1963 the SVD (Dragunov sniper rifle) was adopted by the SA. Especially for the SVD, a “sniper” cartridge 7N1 was created with a bullet with a steel core, however, the rifle can use the entire range of domestic cartridges 7.62x54R.

It should be noted that the tactical role that was and is assigned to the SVD rifle in the Soviet and Russian armies differs from the traditional role of the "sniper" in the Western sense of the term. The SVD rifle serves to increase the range of effective fire of the rifle squad beyond the capabilities of standard machine guns, up to distances of 600-700 meters. The fact that the SVD was widely used as a sniper rifle rather spoke of the absence of special weapons of this class, although the recent adoption of the SV-98 rifles of the same caliber, as well as the ORSIS T-5000, is gradually changing the situation.
On the basis of the Dragunov rifle, a number of modifications were released - the SVDS rifle with a shortened barrel and a side-folding butt, civilian hunting carbines "Bear" (now out of production) and "Tiger". Copies and clones of the SVD are also produced abroad, while among them there are both fairly accurate copies (for example, Chinese rifles Type 85 caliber 7.62x54R and NDM-86 caliber 7.62x51) and imitations based on the design of the Kalashnikov assault rifle such as the Romanian rifle FPK.

Currently, the Kalashnikov concern produces both the “classic” SVD Dragunov rifles with a modern plastic stock, and a shortened version of the SVDS. Recently, a further development of the SVDS rifle has also been produced - a modified Dragunov SVDM sniper rifle. It features improved ergonomics and the ability to install modern sighting systems on the Picatinny rail. and can also be equipped with a muffler for the sound of a shot.

Dragunov SVD sniper rifle is a self-loading weapon with gas-operated automatics, with a short stroke of a gas piston not rigidly connected to the bolt frame (to reduce the mass of moving parts of automatics). The design of the gas outlet unit provides for a two-position gas regulator. The barrel is locked by turning the bolt, which has 3 lugs. The receiver is milled from steel. USM unregulated, made on a separate basis. All versions of the rifle are equipped with non-removable open sights in the form of a front sight in the front sight and an adjustable rear sight located in front of the receiver cover. Bracket for optical sight is attached to the receiver on the left. In addition to the main optical sight PSO-1 (fixed magnification 4X), night sights NSPU-3 or NSPUM can be installed on the SVD.

In the early versions of the SVD rifle, the forearm and buttstock of the frame structure were made of wood; on more modern versions, the forearm and buttstock are made of plastic. In the muzzle of the barrel there is a mount for a bayonet-knife.

On SVDS rifles there is a separate plastic pistol grip and a side-folding metal stock. The barrel is shortened and does not have a bayonet mount.

SVDM rifle It has a Picatinny rail on the hinged cover of the receiver for mounting day and night sights. The standard for the SVDM rifle is the 1P88-4 variable magnification optical sight. Mechanical sights have a simplified rear sight and front sight on the gas block. The rifle is standardly equipped with a side-folding butt of a tubular design with adjustable cheek and butt pad, a separate pistol grip and a plastic forearm. A shortened flash hider is installed on the barrel, the barrel itself has an increased thickness to improve the accuracy of fire.

Modernization kit for the Dragunov SVD rifle and its variants from Sureshot Armament / SAG Mechanical Bureau.

The upgrade kit for the SVD Dragunov rifle (“chassis”), developed by Russian shooter and designer Valentin Vlasenko, is a set of fittings and forearm mounted on rifles of the SVD, SVDS and Tiger series, which provide hanging the barrel and its protection from external loads, as well as allowing install any modern sighting systems and accessories, without worrying about the need to dismantle them when cleaning and maintaining weapons. The chassis provides the shooter with a stable platform in the form of a one-piece 47 cm long Picatinny rail on the top, plus a KeyMod interface on the sides and bottom of the forearm. The installation of the chassis can be carried out in the conditions of the weapon room of a unit or a conventional weapons workshop, while the mass of the SVD rifle increases by only 200-250 grams compared to the standard version. The design of the chassis is protected by a patent of the Russian Federation; at present, the modernization kits are in experimental military operation in the units of the FSB and MTR of Russia.

Modernized in the conditions of a specialized workshop, the Tiger carbine with a SAG chassis, an adapter for the stock and a handle compatible with the AR-15 and with a shortened barrel

Purpose, completeness and combat properties of a sniper rifle. The main parts and mechanisms of the rifle, their work when firing. Disassembly and assembly.

Purpose, completeness and combat properties of a sniper rifle

The 7.62 mm Dragunov sniper rifle is a sniper's weapon and is designed to destroy various emerging, moving, open and camouflaged single targets.

The sniper rifle kit includes:

1. optical sniper sight 1 PC.	2. bayonet 1 PC.	3. bag for sight and magazines 1 PC.
4. bag for spare parts 1 PC.	5. belt for carrying small arms 1 PC.	6. case for optical sight 1 PC.

7. belonging
The accessory is used for disassembling, assembling, cleaning and lubricating the sniper rifle and is carried in a bag for the scope and magazines.
Accessories include: cheek, ramrod, rubbing, ruff, screwdriver, punch, pencil case and oiler.
Cheek used when shooting from a rifle with an optical sight. In this case, it is put on the rifle butt and fixed on it with a lock.
Ramrod used for cleaning and lubricating the bore, channels and cavities of other parts of the rifle. It consists of three links screwed together.
Rubbing designed for cleaning and lubricating the bore, as well as the channels and cavities of other parts of the rifle.
Ruff serves to clean the bore with RFS solution.
Screwdriver It is used when disassembling and assembling a rifle, cleaning the gas chamber and gas tube, and also as a key when adjusting the position of the front sight in height.
punch used for pushing axles and pins.
Pencil case serves for storage of rubbing, a ruff, a screw-driver and a drift. It consists of two components: a key case and a case cover.
Key case used as a ramrod handle when cleaning and lubricating a rifle, as a screwdriver handle when disassembling and assembling a rifle, and as a key when separating a gas tube and assembling a ramrod.
Pencil case cover used as a muzzle pad when cleaning the barrel.
butter dish serves to store lubricant.

For firing from a sniper rifle, rifle cartridges with ordinary, tracer and armor-piercing incendiary bullets or rifle sniper cartridges are used.
The sniper rifle fires single shots.
The supply of cartridges during firing is made from a box magazine with a capacity of 10 rounds.

Tactical - technical characteristics

Characteristic name	Rated value
1. Caliber, mm	7,62
2. Number of grooves	4
3. Sighting range, m: with optical sight open sight	1300 1200
4. Muzzle velocity, m/s	830
5. Bullet range, up to which its lethal effect is preserved, m	3800
6. The mass of the rifle without a bayonet-knife with optical sight, unloaded shop and cheek, kg	4,3
7. Magazine capacity, cartridges	10
8. Rifle length, mm: without bayonet with attached bayonet-knife	1220 1370
9. Cartridge mass, g	21,8
10. Mass of an ordinary bullet with steel core, g	9,6
11. Weight of powder charge, g	3,1
12. Increase in the optical sight, fold.	4
13. Field of view of the sight, degree	6
14. Exit pupil diameter, mm	6
15. Exit pupil removal, mm	68,2
16. Resolution, second,	12
17. Length of sight with eyecup and extended hood, mm	375
18. Sight width, mm	70
19. Sight height, mm	132
20. Weight of the sight, g	616
21. Mass of the sight with a set of spare parts and accessories and a cover, g	926

The main parts and mechanisms of a sniper rifle, the device, the operation of parts and mechanisms when firing

A sniper rifle consists of the following main parts and mechanisms:

• barrel with receiver, open sight and butt
• receiver covers
• return mechanism
• bolt carrier
• shutter
• gas tube with regulator, gas piston and pusher with its spring
• handguards
• trigger mechanism
• fuse
• shop
• butt cheeks

Rifle device

1 - frame; 2 - drummer; 3 - cover; 4 - guide rod; 5 - guide sleeve; 6 - shutter; 7 - axis of the ejector; 8 - striker pin; 9 - ejector spring; 10 - ejector; 11 - return spring; 12 - sighting rail clamp; 13 - aiming bar; 14 - lining left assembly; 15 - pusher spring; 16 - gas tube latch; 17 - gas chamber; 18 - gas piston; 19 - gas pipe; 20 - gas regulator; 21 - front sight body; 22 - front sight; 23 - pusher; 24 - front sight base; 25 - trunk; 26 - upper ring assembly; 27 - check of the ring; 28 - stuffing box assembly; 29 - right overlay assembly; 30 - lower ring with a spring; 31 - store case; 32 - store spring; 33 - store cover; 34 - strap assembly; 35 - feeder; 36 - box; 37 - shield assembly; 38- trigger mechanism; 39 - cover check; 40 - butt

Shock - trigger mechanism

The sniper rifle is a self-loading weapon. Reloading a rifle is based on the use of the energy of powder gases discharged from the bore to the gas piston.
When fired, part of the powder gases following the bullet rushes through the gas outlet in the barrel wall into the gas chamber, presses on the front wall of the gas piston and throws the piston with the pusher, and with them the bolt carrier to the rear position. When the bolt frame moves back, the bolt opens the bore, removes the sleeve from the chamber and throws it out of the receiver, and the bolt frame compresses the return springs and cocks the trigger (puts it on the self-timer cocking).

The bolt frame with the bolt returns to the forward position under the action of the return mechanism, while the bolt sends the next cartridge from the magazine to the chamber and closes the barrel bore, and the bolt frame removes the self-timer sear from under the cocking of the self-timer trigger. The trigger becomes on a combat platoon. The shutter is locked by turning it to the left and entering the lugs of the shutter into the cutouts of the receiver.
To fire another shot, release the trigger and pull it again. After the trigger is released, the rod moves forward and its hook jumps over the sear, and when the trigger is pressed, the rod hook turns the sear and disconnects it from the cocking of the trigger.

When the last cartridge is fired, when the bolt moves back, the magazine feeder raises the bolt stop, the bolt rests against it and the bolt frame stops in the rear position. This is a signal that the rifle needs to be reloaded.

Gas regulator

The design of the SVD provides for a gas regulator, which has two settings, indicated by the numbers 1 and 2. It is necessary to correct the trajectory of the bullet's flight in height in winter and summer. In summer, the position of the gas regulator is open. In winter, at low temperatures, when part of the energy of the powder charge is spent on additional heating of the barrel, the position of the gas regulator is closed. In the summer position (No. 1), a side hole in the gas tube is open, and therefore the pressure of the powder gases in the barrel drops somewhat. Accordingly, the trajectory of the bullet is reduced.
If you put the gas regulator in the winter, closed, position (No. 2) in the summer, then the side hole in the gas tube is blocked, the pressure in the barrel increases and, accordingly, the bullet's flight path increases. At a temperature of 25 ° C, the excess of the trajectory of a bullet at a distance of 100 m with a closed regulator will be 4 cm higher than with an open one; at a temperature of 30 ° C - 5 cm higher. In winter, at minus 20°C, with the gas regulator open at the same firing distance, the bullet trajectory will be 7-8 cm lower than with the regulator closed (winter) position.
The gas regulator is also closed when, due to excessive contamination of the gas outlet unit in combat conditions, if it is impossible to disassemble and clean the weapon, the automatic rifle starts to fail, and the moving parts are incompletely withdrawn. The rearrangement of the gas regulator is carried out as follows: insert the rim of the sleeve or cartridge into the hooks of the regulator and turn the regulator.

Disassembly and assembly of the rifle

Disassembly of a sniper rifle can be incomplete and complete:
incomplete- for cleaning, lubricating and inspecting the rifle
Complete- for cleaning when the rifle is heavily soiled, after being exposed to rain or snow, when switching to a new lubricant and during repairs. Frequent disassembly of the rifle is not allowed, as it accelerates the wear of parts and mechanisms.

Disassembly and assembly of the rifle should be done on a table or a clean bedding, parts and mechanisms should be placed in the order of disassembly, handle them carefully, do not put one part on top of another, do not use excessive force and sharp blows. When assembling the rifle, compare the numbers on its parts: the number on the receiver should correspond to the numbers on the bolt carrier, bolt, trigger mechanism, receiver cover, optical sight and other parts of the rifle.

Training in disassembly and assembly on combat rifles is permitted only in exceptional cases, with special care in handling parts and mechanisms.

The order of incomplete disassembly of a sniper rifle.

1) Separate the store. Take the magazine with your right hand, pressing the latch with your thumb, move the lower part of the magazine forward and separate it. After that, check is there a cartridge in the chamber, why lower the fuse down, pull the reloading handle back, inspect the chamber and release the handle.
2) Separate the optical sight. Raise the handle of the clamping screw and turn it towards the eyecup until it stops, move the sight back and separate it from the receiver.
3) Separate the butt cheek.
4) Separate the cover of the receiver with a return mechanism. Turn the lock of the receiver cover back until it is placed on the latch; lift up the back of the receiver cover and separate the cover with the return mechanism.
5) Separate the bolt carrier with the bolt. Pull the bolt carrier back to failure, lift it and separate it from the receiver
6) Separate the bolt from the bolt carrier. Take the shutter back; turn it so that the leading lug of the bolt comes out of the figured cutout of the bolt carrier, and bring the bolt forward
7) Separate the shock - trigger mechanism. Turn the fuse up to a vertical position, move it to the right and separate it from the receiver, holding the trigger guard, move down to separate the trigger mechanism from the receiver.
8) Separate the barrel lining. Press the contactor of the upper thrust ring against the gas pipe until the bend of the contactor comes out of the cutout of the ring and turn the contactor to the right until it stops; move the moving part of the upper thrust ring forward, pressing the handguard down and moving it to the side, separate it from the barrel. If it is difficult to separate the handguards, insert the cutout of the key case into the window of the handguard and move down and to the side to separate the handguard
9) Separate the gas piston and pusher with spring. Pull the pusher back, withdraw its front end from the piston seat and separate the piston from the gas tube, insert the front end of the pusher into the gas tube, press the pusher spring until it exits the aiming block channel and separate the pusher with the spring, and then separate the spring from the pusher.

The order of assembly of a sniper rifle after incomplete disassembly.

1) Attach the gas piston and pusher with spring. Put the spring on the rear end of the pusher; insert the front end of the pusher into the gas tube, tighten the spring and insert the rear end of the pusher with the spring into the channel of the aiming block; take the pusher back and move its front end out of the gas tube to the side; insert the gas piston into the gas tube, and the front end of the pusher into the piston seat.
2) Attach the barrel lining. Insert the rear (broadened) end of the right (left) barrel lining into the lower thrust ring with the lining cutout to the sight and, pressing the lining down, attach it to the barrel; slide the moving part of the upper thrust ring onto the tips of the linings and turn the contactor of the upper thrust ring towards the gas pipe until its bend enters the cutout on the ring.
3) Attach the shock - trigger mechanism. Insert the cutouts of the firing mechanism body behind the axis of the receiver jumper and press the firing mechanism against the receiver; insert the fuse axis into the hole in the receiver; turn the fuse to a vertical position, press it firmly against the receiver and turn it down until the projection of the shield enters the lower fixing recess of the receiver.
4) Attach the bolt to the bolt carrier. Insert the shutter with a cylindrical part into the channel of the shutter frame; rotate the bolt so that its leading ledge enters the figured cutout of the bolt carrier, and push the bolt forward to failure.
5) Attach the bolt carrier with the bolt. While holding the bolt in the forward position, insert the guides of the bolt carrier into the cutouts of the receiver folds, press the bolt carrier against the receiver with a slight effort and push it forward.
6) Attach the receiver cover with a return mechanism. Insert the return mechanism into the channel of the bolt carrier; compressing the return springs, insert the tabs on the front end of the cover into the cutouts on the lower thrust ring; press the rear end of the cover until it is completely attached to the receiver; turn the receiver cover lock forward until it locks into place.
7) Attach the butt cheek. Put the cheek on the upper part of the butt with the clasp to the right against the cutout for it; put the loop on the hook of the clip and turn the clasp up.
8) Attach an optical sight. Align the grooves on the sight bracket with the protrusions on the left wall of the receiver; move the sight forward to failure and turn the handle of the clamping screw towards the lens until its bend enters the cutout on the bracket.
9) Attach the store. Insert the magazine hook into the receiver window and turn the magazine towards you so that the latch jumps over the magazine support ledge.

The order of complete disassembly of a sniper rifle

1. do a partial disassembly
2. disassemble store. Having sunk the ledge of the striker into the hole on the magazine cover, slide the cover forward; while holding the striker plate, remove the cover from the housing; gradually releasing the spring, remove it together with the striker plate from the magazine housing; separate feeder
3. disassemble the return mechanism. Remove the front return spring from the guide sleeve; compress the rear return spring and, holding on to the guide rod, move it down and out of the earring hole; separate the rear return spring and guide rod from the guide bush
4. disassemble the shutter. Pushing out the striker pin with a punch, remove the striker from the bolt hole; extract the ejector with the spring in the same way
5. disassemble the firing mechanism. Press the self-timer lever and disconnect the self-timer sear from the trigger, holding the trigger, pull the trigger and slowly release the trigger from the cocking; remove the ends of the trigger spring from under the bends of the trigger housing; using a screwdriver, align the protrusions of the axes of the trigger, sear and self-timer with the cutouts for them on the right wall of the trigger housing: pushing the axes of the trigger, sear and self-timer, separate these parts; pushing the trigger axis, separate the trigger with the mainspring, and then remove the mainspring
6. separate the gas tube with the gas regulator. Having turned the regulator until the cutout on its front end is aligned with the gas tube latch, press the latch and, using the key case, unscrew the gas tube and remove the regulator from it

The order of assembly of a sniper rifle after complete disassembly

1. connect the gas pipe to the gas regulator. Putting the regulator on the gas tube, press the latch of the gas tube and screw the gas tube with a key case until the cutout on the end of the tube matches the latch; sinking the latch into the cutout of the tube, set the regulator to the required division
2. assemble the firing mechanism. Insert the trigger with its spring into the housing, insert the axle, align its protrusion with the cutout on the right side of the housing and turn the axle with a screwdriver. Slide the mainspring onto the trigger trunnions and insert the hammer into the body. Insert the sear into the body so that its tail goes behind the loop of the long end of the mainspring; insert axle; by aligning its protrusion with the cutout on the right side of the case and turn the axis with a screwdriver. Insert the self-timer into the body so that its tail goes over the loop of the short end of the mainspring; insert the axis, aligning its protrusion with the cutout on the right wall of the case and turn the axis with a screwdriver; insert the trigger axle and slide the ends of the trigger spring onto the folds of the body
3. assemble the shutter. Having inserted the ejector with the spring into the bolt seat, press the ejector and insert the ejector axis, inserting the drummer into the bolt hole, from the side of the leading lug, insert the drummer pin into the bolt hole and push it to the end
4. assemble the return mechanism. After inserting the guide rod into the guide bush from the side of the large-diameter hole (flats forward), put the return spring on the guide bush from the side of the rod and compress it so that the end of the guide rod with the flats comes out from under the spring; holding the guide rod in this position, insert it together with the spring and the bushing into the lower hole of the earring, and then slide the rod along the edges of the flats into the upper hole; release the spring - its end should enter the cup of the earring. Slide the second return spring onto the guide bushing.
5. assemble the shop. After inserting the feeder and the spring into the magazine body, compress the spring until the strike plate enters the body and, holding it in this position, put the magazine cover on the body so that the lug of the strike plate jumps into the hole in the cover

With this material, we begin a series of articles on sniper business. The following articles will talk about the 9 mm VSK-94 sniper rifle, the PSO-1 sight, the cartridges used for firing from 7.62 mm SVD and 9 mm VSK-94.

SVD, Index GRAU - 6B1

Self-loading sniper rifle, created in 1957-1963 by a group of designers led by Evgeny Dragunov.

Story

In the mid-1960s, changes were made to the technical processes for the production of the SVD rifle: gunsmiths I. A. Samoilov and V. Nikitin created a new barrel manufacturing technology.

In the 1990s, the rifle began to be equipped with a plastic handguard. In addition, the production of a conversion version of the rifle, the Tiger self-loading carbine, was mastered (structurally it differs by a shorter barrel, the absence of a flame arrester, a gas regulator and a tide for attaching a bayonet, modified fittings).

Ammunition and equipment

For firing from the SVD, rifle cartridges 7.62x54 mm R are used with ordinary, tracer and armor-piercing incendiary bullets, as well as sniper cartridges (7N1, 7N14), it is also capable of firing cartridges with JHP and JSP expansive bullets.

The fire from the SVD is carried out by single shots. The supply of cartridges during firing is carried out from a box magazine with a capacity of 10 rounds. A flame arrester with five longitudinal slots is attached to the muzzle of the barrel, which also masks a shot during night operations and protects the barrel from contamination. The presence of a gas regulator to change the recoil speed of moving parts ensures the reliability of the rifle in operation.

The rifle is equipped with a PSO-1M2 optical sight, it is possible to install NSPUM or NSPU-3 night sights.

Operating principle

When fired, part of the powder gases following the bullet rushes through the gas outlet in the barrel wall into the gas chamber, presses on the front wall of the gas piston and throws the piston with the pusher, and with them the bolt carrier to the rear position.

When the bolt frame moves back, the bolt opens the bore, removes the sleeve from the chamber and throws it out of the receiver, and the bolt frame compresses the return spring and cocks the trigger (puts it on the self-timer cocking).

The bolt frame with the bolt returns to the forward position under the action of the return mechanism, while the bolt sends the next cartridge from the magazine to the chamber and closes the barrel bore, and the bolt frame removes the self-timer sear from under the self-timer platoon of the trigger and the trigger becomes cocked. The shutter is locked by turning it to the left and entering the lugs of the shutter into the cutouts of the receiver.

To fire another shot, release the trigger and pull it again. After the trigger is released, the rod moves forward and its hook jumps behind the sear, and when the trigger is pressed, the rod hook turns the sear and disconnects it from the cocking of the trigger. The trigger, turning on its axis under the action of the mainspring, strikes the striker, and the latter moves forward and pricks the primer-igniter of the cartridge. There is a shot.

When the last cartridge is fired, when the bolt moves back, the magazine feeder raises the bolt stop, the bolt rests against it and the bolt frame stops in the rear position. This is the signal to reload the rifle.

Accuracy and Accuracy

in accordance with the “Manual on Shooting”, the accuracy of a rifle battle is considered normal if, when firing four shots from a prone position at a distance of 100 m, all four holes fit in a circle with a diameter of 8 cm. with steel core.

Initially, the SVD was produced with a rifling pitch of 320 mm, similar to sports weapons and providing high accuracy of fire, however, when the rifle was put into service, it was found that with such a pitch, the dispersion of B-32 armor-piercing incendiary bullets was doubled. As a result, it was decided to change the rifling pitch to 240 mm, which led to an increase in the standard for dispersion at a distance of 100 m from 8 cm to 10 cm (which, however, was not reflected in the NSD). When firing with a 7N1 sniper cartridge, the dispersion is (depending on the rifling pitch) no more than 10-12 cm at a distance of 300 m.

Direct shot range is:

According to the head figure, 30 cm high - 350 m,
- according to the chest figure, 50 cm high - 430 m,
- according to the running figure, 150 cm high - 640 m.
The PSO-1 sight is designed for shooting up to 1300 meters, but at this range you can only shoot effectively at a group target, or conduct harassing fire.

The main difficulty when shooting at long ranges are errors in preparing the initial data for shooting (this is true for all sniper rifles). At a distance of 600 meters, the median error in height (in determining the range equal to 0.1% of the range) is 63 cm, the median error in the lateral direction (determining the crosswind speed equal to 1.5 m / s) is 43 cm. For comparison, the median deviation of the dispersion of bullets for the best snipers for 600 m is 9.4 cm in height, 8.8 cm in the side.

A good sniper's training allows you to conduct aimed fire even at targets such as helicopters and low-speed aircraft. For example, a case is known when a fighter of the FMLN partisan detachment managed to shoot down a jet attack aircraft of the El Salvador Air Force with a shot from the SVD. It happened on November 12, 1989 near the village of San Miguel. The Cessna A-37B attacking aircraft successfully fit into the sight and was hit (later a successful sniper said that he was aiming at the cockpit). The bullet hit the pilot, after which the plane lost control and crashed. Similarly, SVDs were used by Iraqi militants who claimed to have destroyed RQ-11 Raven small reconnaissance UAVs with sniper rifle fire.

Modifications

Variant of the SVD with a folding butt and a shortened barrel.

Large-caliber version of the SVD chambered for 9.3x64 mm with a folding stock, the same as that of the SVDS.

SVD variant with bullpup layout.

Training rifle chambered for .22 Long Rifle, created by Evgeny Dragunov for the initial training of snipers. In fact, this is an independent weapon, only repeating in general terms the appearance of the SVD.

Operating countries

USSR
-Russia
-Azerbaijan

Armenia
-Albania
-Afghanistan
-Belarus
-Bulgaria
-Vietnam

Hungary
-Venezuela: acquired for the armed forces of Venezuela
-Georgia
-India: Manufactured under license.
-Iraq: Al-Qadissiya or Al-Gadissiya is a locally produced variant.

Iran: Nakhjir - locally produced variant
-Kazakhstan
-Kyrgyzstan
-PRC: Type 79, a clone manufactured by Norinco, as well as an upgraded version of the Type 85 and several variants for the civilian market.
-Nicaragua
-Mongolia
-Poland
-Romania: produced under license.
-Slovakia
-Tajikistan
-Turkmenistan
-Turkey: operated by the army gendarmerie.
-Uzbekistan
-Ukraine

Finland: under the designation 7.62 TKIV Dragunov.
- Czech Republic: in service with the army

performance characteristics

Weight, kg:
-4.3 (SVD, early release, without bayonet, with optical sight, unloaded magazine and butt cheek)
-4.5 (SVD, modern version, without a bayonet-knife, with an optical sight, empty magazine and butt cheek)
-4.68 (SVDS with optical sight and unloaded magazine)
-0.21 (store)
-0.26 (bayonet-knife without scabbard)
-0.58 (PSO-1 sight)

Length, mm:
-1225 (SVD without bayonet-knife)
-1370 (SVD with bayonet-knife)
-1135/875 (SVDS with unfolded/folded stock)
- Barrel length, mm:
-620 (SVD, total)
-547 (SVD, rifled part)
-565 (SIDS)
- Width, mm: 88
- Height, mm: 230
- Cartridge: 7.62x54 mm R
- Caliber, mm: 7.62
-Principles of operation: Butterfly valve, removal of powder gases
-Rate of fire, shots / min: 30 (combat)

Muzzle velocity, m/s:
-830 (SVD)
-810 (SIDS)
-Sighting range, m:
-1200 (open sight)
-1300 (optical sight)
-300 (night sights NSPUM and NSPU-3)
-Maximum range, m:
-800 (effective)
-3800 (lethal action of a bullet)
- Type of ammunition: box magazine for 10 rounds
- Sight: open sector (reserve), sighting line length - 587 mm, there is a mount for installing optical (for example, PSO-1) or night (for example, NSPU-3 or NSPUM) sights

Sniper rifles developed as part of the Accuracy development work are ready for serial deliveries. This, according to TASS, was announced by the head of the Central Research Institute of Precision Engineering (TSNIITOCHMASH) Dmitry Semizorov.

“The rifles passed state tests successfully. The work of the interdepartmental commission has already been completed, the letters have already been assigned,” Semizorov said, adding that the first delivery will be made for the needs of the Federal Security Service (FSO). “There is already a first order, the first batch is small. It will go into military operation in the FSO, and we are already working on serial deliveries, ”said the head of TSNIITOCHMASH. Modification of the T-5000 sniper rifle - ORSIS-375CT has an increased range of destruction up to two kilometers, said Vladimir Zlobin, general director of the enterprise-developer of this weapon ORSIS ("Promtekhnologiya").

Rogozin responded to criticism of the Accuracy sniper rifle

Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Rogozin on his Twitter has already pointed out the inaccuracy of the data of military expert Andrei Soyustov, who questioned the readiness of the Tochnost sniper complex for mass production. Earlier, Soyustov stated that foreign components were used in the production of the rifle. “Since we are preparing this for mass production, we must promote import substitution, because we have problems with this. I do not quite believe that this complex is ready for mass production,” the expert said.

The rifle was created in two versions - for the Ministry of Defense and the FSO. The development of the rifle was first reported in late 2013. "Accuracy" was presented at the forum "Army-2015". Then Semizorov said that the new weapon has a caliber of 7.62 × 51 mm, new for Russia, and was created at the Orsis enterprise. Preliminary tests for the military took place in 2017-2018.

Sniper rifle "Precision" vs. ORSIS T-5000

On the development of a new sniper complex called "Accuracy" became known in 2013.

Five companies were involved in the work on it. TsNIItochmash. The final version of the weapon is offered in two calibers unique to Russia: caliber 7.62x51 mm (NATO cartridge) and 8.6x69 mm (Lapua Magnum). The effective range of the rifle is up to one and a half kilometers.

The reason for the manufacture of weapons in two versions of the calibers was the peculiarities of the ballistics of bullets. For example, achieving maximum accuracy at a distance of up to 500 meters is possible with a caliber of 7.62x51 mm, and for the most effective hitting targets at distances of more than 500 m, the caliber of 8.6x70 mm is the most suitable.

In turn, the rifle ORSIS T-5000 with manual reloading is produced at the ORSIS plant of the concern "Promtechnologies" in Moscow and is known in military circles as the "Russian terminator".

The rifle is available in three calibers: 7.62x67mm (Winchester Magnum), 7.62x51mm (Winchester), 8.6x70mm (Lapua Magnum).

The material of the barrel is 416R stainless steel, and the grooves in the bore are made using the single-pass cutting method, which is the most accurate today.

The material of the main parts, including the T-5000 trigger mechanism, is stainless steel.

The stock of the rifle is made of D16T aluminum alloy, which is not inferior in strength to steel, but at the same time lighter than it. In addition, it is not affected by temperature changes, for example, when taking a rifle from a warm room to a cold one. By the way, during the tests, the T-5000 fired in 73-degree frost, and such a low temperature did not affect the accuracy of the shooting.

The use of a new four-chamber muzzle brake-compensator significantly reduces recoil when fired. The bipod of the rifle is attached to the forearm console, on which the Picatinny rail is located. Also, the rifle is equipped with an adjustable folding stock, a three-position fuse and a box-shaped detachable magazine for 5 or 10 rounds. The mass of the T-5000, depending on the caliber, is from 6.1 to 6.5 kg, and the length in the unfolded state is from 1060 to 1270 mm.

The resource of the barrel can withstand 5000 rounds of caliber 7.62x51 (Winchester) without compromising accuracy. Also, there was no deterioration in this indicator with 2000 shots with a more powerful 8.6 × 70 mm cartridge (Lapua Magnum).

A rifle is called a sniper rifle if its accuracy is less than a minute of arc. For the T-5000, this figure is half a minute of arc (with a firing distance of 800 meters, the spread of hits is no more than 11 cm). Without preliminary zeroing in any weather and at any time of the day or night, the T-5000 hits a target at a distance of up to 1650 m. In the future, the upgraded version will increase this distance to 2000 m.

There is an opinion that "Precision" will eventually have to replace the T-5000, as well as foreign high-precision sniper rifles that are in service today, for example, British Accuracy International And Sako TRG, as well as the Austrian Steyr-Mannlicher SSG 04. But, most likely, this sniper complex will complement the "Russian terminator", allowing you to effectively carry out the entire range of tasks facing the Russian special forces.

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Tactical and technical characteristics of the sniper rifle "ACCURACY" ORSIS T-5000

ORSIS T-5000(from Russian weapon systems ; also ORSIS T-5000) is a high-precision bolt action sniper rifle. Produced by the weapons factory "ORSIS" of the industrial group "Promtekhnologii", located in Moscow. The rifle was presented in 2011 at the international Russian arms exhibition in Nizhny Tagil. These rifles can be used by both special law enforcement units and specially trained army snipers.

In early June 2012, the team of Directorate "A" of the Central Security Service of the FSB won the international competition of police and army snipers (Eng. Police & military sniper world cup ) using T-5000 rifles. In September 2012, the rifle was tested as part of the Ratnik ground forces equipment kit.

Design sniper rifle

The design of the T-5000 is based on the original bolt group made of stainless steel. The shutter is longitudinally sliding, rotary. The barrel and trigger mechanism of the rifle are also made of stainless steel. The T-5000 is equipped with an ORSIS SE barrel, obtained by a single-pass cutting method. The barrel manufacturing accuracy is about 0.002 mm. Barrel length 27.5 inches (698.5 mm), muzzle diameter - 22 mm. Doles are made on the barrel to reduce the cooling time of the barrel and to reduce the weight of the weapon as a whole. The muzzle of the barrel is threaded for attaching a muzzle brake-compensator or other muzzle devices (equipped with a three-chamber ORSIS muzzle brake-compensator).

Aluminum alloy stock, ergonomic pistol grip, adjustable stock, steel stock folding mechanism with magnetic lock when folded. Depending on the variant of the trigger mechanism, the trigger force can be smoothly adjusted ("Hunter" - allows you to adjust the free travel and effort from 900 to 1500 grams; "Varmint" - from 500 to 900 grams). A three-position safety is made at the rear of the bolt and, if necessary, allows you to manipulate the bolt with the fuse on, or completely block the trigger and bolt. The rifle is equipped with a Picatinny rail for mounting an optical sight and a rail for mounting a pre-objective attachment.

Optical sights for rifles are supplied by Daedalus. Cartridges are fed from detachable box magazines with a capacity of 5 and 10 rounds. Folding stock adjustable in length. On the butt there is a height-adjustable cheek pad.

Purpose and performance characteristics sniper rifle

The performance characteristics of the ORSIS T-5000 rifle allow you to hit targets at any time of the day or night, in any weather conditions, without preliminary adjustment and technical training at distances up to 1650 meters. ORSIS rifles demonstrated accuracy of fire at a level not exceeding 0.5 arc minutes (11 cm at 800 m).

The T-5000 is superior in range and accuracy to the Austrian SSG 08 rifle (purchased for anti-terror and GRU snipers) and the Russian SV-98. The upgraded version of the T-5000M in the future will allow firing at ranges up to 2000 m.

ORSIS T-5000

There is an opinion...

Sniper complex "Accuracy" hits "abroad"

Dmitry Semizorov, General Director of TsNIITOCHMASH, announced that tests of a sniper rifle with the telling name "Accuracy" for the Russian Ministry of Defense have been postponed to 2017. The situation is rather unusual.

The rifle is not only ready and demonstrates excellent performance, but its version for the Federal Security Service has successfully passed state tests. It is expected that in the near future a government decree will be signed on the adoption of the "Accuracy" by the FSO.

The postponement of the test dates predetermined the fact that the Ministry of Defense requires much more rifles than the FSO.

And therefore, the issue of mass production of weapons is extremely relevant. And here "Accuracy" has a weak point - partly it is made of imported materials . Therefore, the Ministry of Defense was forced to retroactively make changes to the TOR in terms of the manufacturing technology of the product. Since the TK was issued even before anti-Russian sanctions were introduced.

The Tochnost sniper rifle is an atypical product for the domestic defense industry.

Because it is designed and manufactured by the private company Promtekhnologii. The company was registered in Moscow in 2011. And initially it was focused on the manufacture of only civilian products - hunting rifles and sporting rifles. With her weapons, for example, the Russian biathlon team competed at one time. Soon the T-5000 combat sniper rifle was created. All Promtekhnologii weapons are produced under the ORSIS brand. What does "Weapon Systems" mean?

"Promtekhnologii" - a dwarf enterprise

in comparison with such monsters of the arms industry as the Kalashnikov concern, the Tula engineering design bureau, the Kovrov Plant named after. Degtyarev. It employs only 150 people - and designers, and machine operators, and managers. However, the intellectual potential is not limited to the designers of Promtekhnologii alone. The company maintains partnership relations with a number of research institutes and technical universities that conduct scientific research and take part in design work on a contractual basis.

At the very beginning, the post of Deputy General Director of Promtekhnologii was occupied by Alexei Rogozin, the son of the Deputy Prime Minister of Russia for the defense industry. In many ways, this explains the fact that a private company was allowed into the "holy of holies" - among the companies admitted to the struggle for defense orders.

However, under Rogozin Jr., the company only managed to register and "stand on its feet." A year and a half later, he was promoted.

T-5000 belongs to a different class of weapons than SVD

In early 2012, when information appeared that the T-5000 rifle was applying for entry as a sniper weapon into the Russian army, the most nimble and least competent media were full of headlines: “The Rogozin Jr. rifle will replace the Dragunov sniper rifle in the army.” The fact is that Promtekhnologii also has much more modest ambitions, and the T-5000 belongs to a different class of weapons than the SVD. And there can be no replacement here, even theoretically.

SVD is a mass weapon with automatic reloading.

This rifle has less range and less accuracy. SVD is used by snipers with basic training and low experience. T-500 is a sniper complex for high-precision shooting. This rifle has no automatics, reloading is carried out manually. Due to the fact that precision technologies are used in the manufacture, the weapon has a significantly higher quality. So, when cutting the barrel of a mass weapon, even a sniper, several cuts are made. The barrel of the T-5000 is cut in one pass. There is a certain difference in the quality of the materials used - steel for the barrel and for the mechanisms of the rifle.

There can not be many high-precision weapons in the regular army, and for economic reasons. Because it is very expensive compared to weapons that are massively used in the army. On sale there is a civilian model ORTIS SE T-1500, the cost of which is about 200 thousand rubles.

Combat conditions are different from those that exist in the dash

A number of rifles in 2013 were transferred to the Ministry of Defense for trial operation. As the military comments accumulated, the designers of Promtekhnologii adjusted the weapons. The main comments were made about the "greenhouse" operating conditions. Because the combat conditions are different from those that exist in the dash. At the same time, work was carried out to improve shooting qualities, although there were no comments on this part. As a result, a modernized rifle was born, which was called "Accuracy". It is clear that this is a working name that does not fit into the army tradition of assigning abbreviations to small arms.

If the T-5000 has a firing range of 1650 meters, then for the new model it has been increased to 2000 meters. One of the main advantages is the highest accuracy. The maximum deviation of bullets when firing in the absence of wind for the T-5000 is less than half a minute of arc, which, as you know, is equal to the sixtieth of a degree. That is, with a series of 3-5 shots, all bullets end up in a circle with a diameter of 1.3 centimeters for every 100 meters of distance. Accordingly, at a distance of 1000 meters, the spread will be about 13 centimeters. The modified rifle has even higher accuracy.

The accuracy of shooting is also impressive, which is due to the extremely low tolerances for manufacturing the barrel, the count goes literally to microns. As well as low recoil and minimal effort required for trigger pressure. At the same time, the sight supplied to Promtekhnologii by the Dedal company provides shooting at any time of the day under any weather conditions.

The designers of "Promtekhnologii" adhere to conservative views on the scheme of the rifle. It is a classic bolt-action sniper rifle. The general director of the company, Alexander Fedotov, claims that the classical scheme is far from exhausted and does not require any original innovations. The quality of shooting should be increased through the introduction of new technologies - improving the accuracy of machining, the use of materials of the highest quality. At the same time, several machines used in the manufacture of weapons are independently created by the company. These include, for example, a machine for cutting a barrel.

Of course, at the same time, in order to facilitate the work of a sniper, the weapon must be individualized as much as possible - that is, it must be given the opportunity to “customize” it to the shooter.

The ORTIS rifle has many adjustments both in geometry and in the forces applied by the sniper.

The rifle is designed for three different cartridges: 7.62x51mm (.308 Winchester), 7.62x67mm (.300 Winchester Magnum) and 8.6x70mm (.338 Lapua Magnum). Barrel length depending on the cartridge used: 508/671/698.5 mm. The length of the rifle in the unfolded state: 1270/1060/1230 mm. Weight: 6.1/6.3/6.5 kg. Shop for 5 and 10 rounds. Data on the upgraded rifle, called "Accuracy", is not reported. But, of course, if they differ, it will be insignificant.

The T-5000 has already shown itself in the sniper business. With her help, Russian teams of snipers from various law enforcement agencies won international competitions.

If the new rifle is put into service, it will replace not the SVD, but a weapon similar in purpose and capabilities

In particular, under the guns of "Promtekhnologii" - Steyr-Mannlicher SSG-08 sniper rifles purchased in Austria with a manual reloading longitudinally sliding bolt with a NATO cartridge 7.62 × 51 mm. This rifle has a worse range and accuracy than the T-5000. Also in the special forces of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the FSB, the Finnish sniper rifle Sako TRG-22 was "registered", which, with an excess of performance, will be replaced by "Accuracy".

Sako TRG sniper rifle

Steyr-Mannlicher SSG sniper rifle of various modifications

According to experts, the T-5000 is not inferior to the best foreign models, but in some ways it significantly surpasses them.

Thus, the British company Accuracy International, which is considered a trendsetter in sniper fashion, produces a rifle of the same design with a bolt-action L96A1, which has a maximum firing range with the most powerful cartridge of 1500 meters. At the same time, the accuracy of 7.62 mm cartridges is excellent - 0.4 arc minutes. But with powerful cartridges, it increases to 0.7 minutes. The T-5000 has 0.5 minutes. But at the same time, a British rifle costs much more - from 12 to 20 thousand dollars, depending on the modification.

And in conclusion, it is necessary to explain why the general director of NIITOCHMASH comments on the situation with the "foreign" rifle. The fact is that NIITOCHMASH is the lead developer of the Ratnik military equipment. In addition to the suit, body armor, shoes, the equipment also includes various technical devices, as well as various types of weapons. Moreover, this is not only an individual weapon, but also an “elite” one, individually outstanding for large units.

2018-09-27T07:57:26+05:00 kreg_74Defense of the Fatherlandarmy, weapons, watch videos, special forces, special servicesSniper rifle "Tochnost" for anti-terror groups, FSB and FSOs The sniper rifles developed as part of the development work "Tochnost" are ready for serial deliveries. This, according to TASS, was announced by the head of the Central Research Institute of Precision Engineering (TsNIITOCHMASH) Dmitry Semizorov. “The rifles passed the state tests successfully. The work of the interdepartmental commission has already been completed, letters have already been assigned, ”Semizorov said, ...kreg_74 Evgeny Krasnoperov kreg_74 [email protected] Author In the middle of Russia

The 7.62 caliber SVD was developed in 1958-1963 by Soviet designers under the leadership of E. F. Dragunov. It is a self-loading weapon, its automation is based on the use of the energy of powder gases discharged to the gas piston from the barrel bore.

Snipers are specially trained shooters who are fluent in the art of camouflage, surveillance and marksmanship; able to hit targets with the first shot. Officially, the first snipers appeared in the British army during the First World War. The main task of such fighters is to destroy important moving, open, camouflaged and emerging single targets. These can be enemy snipers, observers, officers, messengers, etc. The shooter is armed with a rifle equipped with a special sight. For shooting, he selects and equips a hidden position. During the Second World War, all participants in the armed conflict widely deployed the training of snipers, special schools were created for this, training sessions and courses were held. In the USSR, the mass mastery of this art was called the sniper movement. In addition, this concept has become a household word, as a result, they began to call well-aimed shooters of aviation, artillery and tank troops.

Sniper rifles are equipped with optical sights that improve aiming accuracy and provide good observation in all conditions. For firing at night, an optical grid is installed on the weapon or turned on. Until the beginning of the 60s of the last century, the Soviet Army did not have specialized sniper rifles, but Mosin carbines of the 1891/30 model were used. However, the methods of warfare were changing, and the experience of past local conflicts set a number of requirements for sniper business. So, a new stage in the development of this type of weapon has begun. Now all the elements were developed and manufactured by special orders, from the cartridge and optical sight to the rifle.

In 1958, the USSR Ministry of Defense issued a tactical and technical task for the development of self-loading sniper weapons of 7.62 caliber. The main competitors in this competition were the Izhevsk designer Dragunov E. F. and the Kovrov designer Konstantinov A. S., in addition, Simonov S. G. and the design team of Kalashnikov M. T. presented their samples. the first to "meet" the stringent requirements imposed by the military, after which a modified model of the SSV-61 appeared. After conducting comparative tests of the prototypes of Konstantinov and Dragunov, a decision was made to adopt the Dragunov project. Thus, the SVD, a rifle whose characteristics met all the requirements, entered the troops already in 1963, under the index 6V1.

With the world on a string ...

The development of ammunition for the new rifle was carried out by employees of the Research Institute No. 61 Sabelnikov V. M., Sazonov P. F. and Dvoryaninov V. N. This cartridge with a bullet having a steel core was put into service four years after the rifle itself ( in 1967) and received the index 7H1. The Soviet engineers I. and Glyzov L. A. were responsible for the development of the PSO-1 optical sight. The technology for the production of a high-precision barrel for this rifle was developed by Samoilov I. A. Often, evil tongues mention the similarity of the SVD and AK systems, they note that they are almost identical automation with the removal of powder gases from the barrel through a side hole, locking the channel by turning the bolt and a double-acting non-automatic safety lever. In addition, the trigger striker has a similar mainspring shape. No doubt, some elements were borrowed from the AK, but the SVD rifle is not a copy of the machine gun, it is an independent system, and the features of this weapon, which we present below, serve as proof of this.

Interesting differences between the Dragunov rifle related to "sniper" tasks

Let's look at what differences make this weapon an independent system. The SVD rifle has a bolt carrier not combined with a gas piston, which (like the pusher) is made as a separate part with its own return spring. They take their original position after the frame is discarded. The movement of automation is decomposed into successive movements of individual parts. Accordingly, this leads to an increase in the response time of the mechanism and a decrease in the total mass of the jointly moving parts. This principle increases the smoothness of the operation of automation and smoothes out the impulse load. In addition, the gas outlet unit has a gas regulator necessary to adapt the self-loading mechanism to work in difficult operating conditions.

shutter mechanism

The SVD rifle is equipped with a bolt mechanism that has three symmetrical lugs. This makes the locking process more reliable, and also reduces the angle of rotation of the mechanism. The reloading handle is located on the right side and is made as a single unit with the bolt carrier. Combining this massive design with a lightweight breech block can provide very reliable performance.

trigger mechanism

The USM of this sniper rifle is assembled in a separate case, it is able to provide only a single fire. The original feature of the mechanism under consideration is the use of the trigger (in addition to its main function) as a sear uncoupler and trigger pull. The non-automatic safety lever in the on state blocks the thrust and the trigger, and also blocks the cutout at the receiver.

Stock and stock SVD

The SVD rifle has a characteristic cutout in the buttstock, which forms a pistol grip with its front face. The frame shape allows you to hold the weapon with your left hand, firing from the stop. On the butt, you can attach non-adjustable removable "cheek" and butt pad. The forearm is formed by two symmetrical barrel linings, which have slots for better cooling of the rifle. The pads are spring-loaded so that the fulcrum of the stock is on the axis of the barrel. As a result, the force created by the hand supporting the rifle does not affect the results of the shooting. In addition, when the barrel is lengthened, caused by its heating when fired, the forearm moves slightly forward; since the engagement conditions do not change, there is no shift in the so-called midpoint of impact. Since the beginning of its existence, the SVD (the photos in this article show the weapon we are considering) has undergone several stages of modernization. As a result, the wooden buttstock and handguard have been replaced with plywood, and the modern version comes with a plastic stock and black glass-filled polyamide overlays. Thanks to these changes, the weight of the SVD has decreased.

Ammunition

As mentioned earlier, the caliber of the SVD is 7.62x53. The rifle is fed from a two-row metal box-shaped detachable sector-shaped clip, the capacity of which is ten rounds. The designers provided for the location of the store in such a way that the center of gravity of the weapon was located above it. As a result, the consumption of cartridges has practically no effect on the balance of the rifle, and hence on the displacement of the midpoint of hits. For firing from the Dragunov sniper, in addition to the special 7N1 cartridge, they also use the 57-N-223 rifle cartridge with a lightweight bullet, 7T2 s and 7B3 with an armor-piercing incendiary charge, etc.

Optical devices

SVD PSO-1 has a fourfold increase in the field. It is equipped with a retractable protective hood and a rubber eyecup. The reticle has a main square, designed for firing at a distance of up to one kilometer, as well as additional ones - at 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3 km - and a scale of lateral corrections. In addition, PSO-1 provides a rangefinder scale, using which the aiming range of the SVD provides an accuracy of up to 50 m on a target 1.7 m high (a human figure in full growth). case. A luminescent plate is introduced into the field of view of the optics, which makes it possible to detect sources of infrared radiation. As an auxiliary, a mechanical device is used - a sector sight, designed for a range of up to 1.2 km, as well as an adjustable front sight. The PSO-1 optics served as the basis for the creation of a whole family of sights, including the PSO-1 M2. The aiming range of the SVD with this model is in the range from 0.1 to 1.3 km. In 1989, new 1P21 devices appeared. This SVD optics has a variable magnification from 3 to 9, its field of view is 6 ° 11 "- 2 ° 23", respectively. In addition, the device allows you to use the illumination of the reticle with the ability to adjust the brightness.

SVD rifle: weapon characteristics

The total length of the weapon without a bayonet is 1225 mm, and the length of the barrel is 620 mm. Weight with equipped magazine and optical sight - 4.52 kg. Cartridge - 7.62x53. The initial speed of the bullet is 830 m/s. The combat rate of fire is 30 rounds per minute (a pretty good result, considering only the single firing mode of the SVD rifle). The firing range with an optical sight is 1300 meters, and with a mechanical device - 1200 meters. Magazine capacity - 10 rounds.

Principle of operation

Weapon automation operates on the principle of using the removal of combustible powder gases through a special hole in the barrel bore. Locking is carried out by turning the shutter mechanism counterclockwise. The main difference from the Kalashnikov scheme is that the cartridge rammer is also used as an additional combat stop (the third in a row). This made it possible, without changing the transverse dimensions of the bolt and the angle of rotation, to increase the area of ​​the lugs by about one and a half times. As a result, three reference points provide a very stable position of the mechanism, which could not but affect the increase in the accuracy of fire. When firing, part of the powder gases that follow the bullet, through the gas outlet channel in the barrel wall, rushes into the gas chamber and presses on the front wall of the piston. As a result, the piston, together with the pusher and the bolt carrier, are thrown into the rear position.

At this moment, the bore is opened, the shutter removes the sleeve from the chamber and throws it out of the receiver. After that, the bolt carrier compresses the return spring and cocks the trigger, that is, cocks the automatic trigger. Further, under the action of the return mechanism, all structural elements return to their original forward position. At the same time, the bolt sends the next cartridge from the clip into the chamber and locks the bore, the bolt frame removes the self-timer sear from the cocking of the trigger and puts it on the cocking. The barrel bore is locked with a bolt by turning it to the left and placing the lugs in the cutouts of the receiver.

In order to fire another shot, you should release and pull the trigger again. After it is released, the rod moves to the forward position and jumps behind the sear with its hook. When you press the hook, the hook turns the sear, thereby separating it and the cocking of the trigger. The latter, under the action of the mainspring, rotates on its axis and hits the drummer, which advances to the front position and breaks through the primer. The powder mixture of the cartridge ignites, and a shot is fired. When the last shot is fired, the bolt moves back, and the clip feeder lifts the bolt stop up. It rests, and the frame stops in the rear position. This serves as a signal to the shooter to reload the weapon.

Concept of use

For hand-to-hand combat, a standard-type bayonet-knife (6X4) can be attached to the SVD. Although this attribute on a sniper rifle is very rare and hardly needed. Nevertheless, we should not forget that this weapon was created as equipment for small sabotage units, and this made it necessary to provide for its use even in close combat.

In general, the design of the SVD, the characteristics of which turned out to be quite impressive, was a very successful compromise between the general combat and sniper requirements. In addition, it should be noted that this rifle became the first army weapon, in the design of which the features of sports equipment were clearly manifested. For the 60-70s of the last century, the SVD had a very high accuracy. Experience suggested that with the help of this sniper rifle, it is possible to hit subtle targets at a distance of up to 800 meters. The range of the SVD on a target of the “chest figure” type (50x50 cm) reaches 600 meters, and on the “head figure” (25x30 cm) - 300 meters.

Battle glory

This sniper rifle gained quite high popularity during military conflicts in Afghanistan and Chechnya. This is due to the high power of the SVD, the characteristics of which made it possible to conduct accurate fire in mountainous conditions. It can be noted that not a single type of battle is complete without the active participation of snipers, so this type of weapon has been and will always be in demand.

To date, various modifications of the SVD are in service with the armies of more than a dozen countries. Various variants were produced in China, Iraq, Romania. In addition, the fate of the model we are considering showed the mutual influence of sniper, hunting and sporting weapons. After all, the SVD rifle, designed using the experience of sports shooting, had a serious impact and served as the basis for the creation of a series of hunting carbines such as "Bear", "Tiger" and OTs-18.

SVD sniper rifle: price

Novice hunters are often interested in whether they can purchase an SVD rifle in particular as a hunting rifle. However, the law of the Russian Federation prohibits the sale of SVD to private ownership. Nevertheless, there is a way out: the Izhevsk plant is refining the original combat copies of the Dragunov rifle, removed from conservation. As a result, anyone can purchase this copy, produced in accordance with the requirements of the criminologists of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation for the restrictions established for the circulation of service and civilian weapons. However, we will immediately reassure the reader - these changes in no way affect the operation and technical characteristics of this rifle. The prefix KO is added to its name, which means "hunting carbine". The cost of KO SVD is 62 thousand rubles. If the hunter is not deterred by the high price, then he will receive a reliable, powerful, time-tested excellent weapon that will serve him faithfully for a year.

Finally

The Dragunov sniper rifle has established itself as a powerful and reliable weapon, remaining the best combined arms model for many years. However, the change, complication and expansion of military tasks solved by the sniper in modern conflicts required the development of new shooting systems with significantly better shooting clarity, as well as a sight with a greater brevity of magnification. In fact, the SVD was not a sniper rifle in the modern sense of the term, its main task was to increase the range of effective fire of the fighters of motorized rifle squads (up to 600 meters in total). And also it was called upon to provide the necessary fire support (to suppress firing points). In this regard, the SVD is not required to have the range and accuracy of modern sniper weapons. Therefore, despite the adoption of new rifle systems of greater power, the military is in no hurry to abandon the classics proven in battles. So, special forces receive sniper rifles chambered for 8.61 mm, and motorized rifle units continue to use SVD.