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What is myrtle? Myrtle: beneficial properties and harm, use and cultivation at home

Myrtle is an evergreen plant known to mankind for many millennia. He was given special importance in ancient times and was considered a companion of the gods. The myrtle tree is a valuable source of essential oil. The name of this plant in other languages sounds like this:

German– Braut-Myrte, Gemeine Myrte, Korsischer Pfeffer;
English- myrtle, Greek myrtle;
French- myrte, vrai myrte.

Appearance

Myrtle is a low shrub (the maximum height of some subspecies is 5 meters). The leaves are dark green, rounded, pointed at the end. The inflorescences are white, round and fluffy. The fruits are blue-black berries with a diameter of about 1 cm.

Kinds

There are two types of myrtle tree:

ordinary - differs in small foliage and beige or slightly reddish inflorescences;
Saharan - is an endangered species, grows in the highlands of southern Algeria and the Republic of Chad.

Where does it grow?

The homeland of the myrtle ordinary is the Mediterranean. Today it is especially common in North Africa and the Middle East, as well as in Europe. In Russia, a small number of myrtle trees grow in the Crimea.

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Myrtle tree leaves are best suited for making spices at the age of 3 or 4 years. Collection is carried out from mid to late autumn. The collected foliage is dried in a dry, well-ventilated area. When the leaves are dry, they should be laid out in canvas bags and stored in a cool, dark place.

Characteristics

dark green color;
bitter-spicy taste;
rich herbal, slightly bitter aroma.

Chemical composition

essential oil
camphor
aldehydes
proteins
tannins
resins
polyphenols
flavonoids
saponins
mirtilin
pinene
limonene
cineole
linalool
terpineol
myrtenol

Myrtle, rich in essential oils, helps to get rid of headaches and relieves hangovers

Beneficial features

is a natural antiseptic;
tones;
has a diuretic effect;
has antifungal properties;
relieves pain;
helps to normalize the work of the digestive tract;
strengthens the immune system;
is a good expectorant;
has an astringent effect;
beneficial effect on the nervous system.

Myrtle is a powerful natural antibiotic

Harm

It is believed that if you put a pot of myrtle tree in the bedroom, you will experience a severe headache in the morning.
Taking infusions and decoctions based on myrtle at bedtime, especially in large quantities, can lead to sleep disturbances.

Contraindications

pregnancy;
lactation period;
individual intolerance;
elderly age.

Oil

The essential oil is obtained from the young shoots and foliage of the myrtle tree by steam distillation. Myrtle oil has a pleasant, complex aroma, so it is widely used in the manufacture of cosmetics and perfumes. It also has a bactericidal and anti-inflammatory effect and is used to treat diseases of the respiratory and genitourinary systems. In addition, regular use of myrtle essential oil significantly improves the condition of the skin and hair structure.

Application

In cooking

in Italy, a liqueur called "myrto" is made from the fruits of the myrtle tree;
in France, jam is made from the berries of the world;
dried fruits of myrtle are used in the production of certain types of sausages;
myrtle leaves are added to pickles and marinades;
grilled meat and fish, using the bark and branches of the myrtle tree, acquire a unique aroma;
Myrtle gives bitterness to dishes, so it should be added to food in very small quantities.

Braised fish

Cut the carcass of any lean fish into pieces of the desired size. Cut 2 carrots into slices, 1 onion into large rings. Put the fish and vegetables in a thick-walled pot or in a cauldron, add a few leaves of the myrtle tree, salt and pepper to taste. Pour half a glass of water and simmer until tender.

Prepare 1 kg of chicken fillet, cut into medium-sized cubes. Chop an onion, 2 carrots, a small zucchini, cauliflower, tomato and bell pepper. Take a deep pan or brazier and lay out the products in layers; onion, poultry, carrot, zucchini, pepper, tomato, cabbage. Lay out one leaf of myrtle tree on each layer. Add some water and simmer until done.

In medicine

Medicines prepared on the basis of myrtle are used for the treatment and prevention of the following diseases:

herpetic infection;
inflammation of the female reproductive system;
pyelonephritis;
cystitis;
prostatitis;
diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;
getting sick of the ENT organs;
flu;
asthma;
bronchitis.

Used for allergies to antibiotics in the treatment and prevention of influenza, tuberculosis and herpes virus

Folk recipes

With a cold You can strengthen the immune system and cope with the disease faster if you chew a few leaves of the myrtle tree every time after eating.
With purulent inflammation on the skin, Lotions with a decoction of myrtle will help. Pour 10 grams of dried leaves with a liter of cold water and boil for 10 minutes. Moisten a piece of sterile bandage in a decoction and apply to the affected area for several minutes. The procedure should be repeated 2 or times a day.
With bronchitis, prepare a mixture of medicinal herbs: 10 grams of primrose roots, 15 grams of lemon balm, 20 grams of myrtle, 20 grams of eucalyptus. Pour 1 tbsp. mixture with a glass of boiling water and let it brew for 20 minutes. Take one glass 3 times a day.
With kidney infection an infusion should be prepared from the dried leaves of the myrtle tree. To do this, pour 10 grams of leaves with a liter of hot water and leave for 10-15 minutes. Drink one glass 2 times a day.

In cosmetology

In cosmetology, mainly the essential oil of the myrtle tree is used. It is characterized by the following useful properties:

nourishes and moisturizes the skin;
evens skin color and gives it a healthy look;
restores local immunity of the skin;
relieves inflammation;
is a good remedy for acne and acne;
strengthens hair follicles;
improves hair structure.

Growing

A myrtle tree can also be a houseplant. Keeping it at home is not at all difficult, but there are several important points to consider:

Fresh air is very important for the myrtle tree, so the most suitable place for it is on the windowsill (it is best to choose the west or east side), and in the summer - on the open balcony or in the garden.
A few hours a day, the plant must be in direct sunlight.
During the winter months, myrtle needs plenty of sunlight.
It is necessary to move the pot with a myrtle tree to a new place gradually, moving it 10-20 cm every day.
The most optimal temperature for myrtle is room temperature. Coolness is preferable to him than heat. In winter, if possible, you should put the plant in a cold place where the temperature does not exceed +8 degrees. Otherwise, the myrtle may shed its leaves.
At any time of the year, the earth in a pot should be constantly wet. Watering requires warm, soft water.
In the summer months, the plant should be sprayed every day, and in winter spraying is not required.
In spring, summer and autumn, the myrtle tree should be fed weekly with the selected fertilizer.
The desired shape of the myrtle tree can be given by cutting off the branches from different sides. If you want your myrtle to grow into a low bush, cut it off from the top, and if you prefer a miniature tree, then you need to cut off the side branches.

Reproduction

Myrtle can be propagated by cuttings and seeds. Propagation by cuttings is preferable, as in this case the plant will bloom faster. The most favorable time for cuttings is winter and summer (the procedure should not be repeated more than twice a year). Cuttings are taken from the bottom or from the middle of the trunk. The maximum length of the cutting is 8 cm. The leaves are cut or shortened. Then the cuttings are rooted in a shallow container filled with sand and moss, and covered with a special cap. Periodically, young plants are watered and ventilated. The temperature in the room is maintained no higher than +20 degrees. A month later, the cuttings are planted in separate small pots.

The Bible says that the dove sent by Noah during the flood in search of land returned to the ark, carrying a sprig of myrtle tree in its beak.

In France, myrtle is a symbol of innocence and a wedding tree. According to tradition, a pot of myrtle tree should accompany the newlyweds throughout the celebration.

Myrtle- a beautiful plant that is not often found in our homes. It is rarely sold in flower shops, and caring for it is not at all easy. However, such difficulties are not at all a reason to refuse to grow myrtle, because this representative of the kingdom of Flora can be called truly unique.

And it's not just the beauty of its lush crown, delicate cream flowers and blue-black berries. Myrtle is magical: it is used to make medicines and cosmetics, eaten, used as decoration. And myrtle also has phytoncidal properties - it is able to disinfect the air around it. Myrtle has been used for ritual ceremonies since ancient times. In many religions, this plant is considered sacred.

Some interesting facts about the wonderful myrtle:

By tradition, a sprig of myrtle must be found in the bride's bouquet or wreath at royal weddings in the UK. This custom was first introduced by the English Queen Victoria.
Myrtle not only kills pathogenic microbes, including pathogens of colds, but also has anti-allergic properties. That is why myrtle can and should be grown in a children's room or bedroom.

[!] People with high sensitivity to keep the plant in the bedroom is not recommended. The intense aroma of myrtle essential oils can cause headaches.

Essential oil and tincture of myrtle smell very pleasant and are also used in medicine. With their help, gastric disorders, broncho-pulmonary diseases, gynecological inflammations are treated. Myrtle lotion was known in ancient Greece and Rome: noble ladies used it for washing.
In Italy, a delicious fragrant liquor is produced from myrtle: red from the berries of the plant, white from its leaves.
In cooking, myrtle is used as a seasoning for meat and as a grill fuel. Dishes cooked on firewood from myrtle acquire an exquisite aroma and piquant taste. In addition, dried leaves can be added to tea.

But not only official science recognizes the uniqueness of this plant, since ancient times myrtle has been shrouded in secrets and legends:

It is believed that myrtle is a tree of paradise. His sprig was taken with him by Adam, expelled from paradise, in order to remember the blessed times forever.
According to signs, myrtle promotes love and family happiness. In the house where the tree grows, there is no place for quarrels and betrayals.
The ancient Greeks wore a myrtle wreath as a symbol of power and glory. They were decorated with rulers, winners of sports games, poets.
In the Jewish Feast of Tabernacles, myrtle symbolizes people doing good deeds and is part of a set of four holiday plants.

Scientists have not yet come to a consensus on where the name of the plant came from. In Greek, myrtle is consonant with the name of the nymph Mirsina, in Latin "myrtus" - incense, essential oil. Well, the popular names of myrtle are “Tree of Eternal Love”, “Candle Tree”, “Voskovnitsa”, “Tree of Life”, “Adam's Tree”.

An amazing plant, isn't it? What is its botanical classification?

Myrtle (lat. Myrtus) belongs to the myrtle family (lat. Myrtaceae) of the myrtaceae order, and the genus of the same name. Its closest, widely known, relatives are guava, feijoa, eucalyptus. This is an evergreen tree or shrub with dense leathery leaves of bright green color on short petioles and woody shoots. Cream or white flowers, consisting of five petals, thanks to long thick stamens, look fluffy. The fruits are blue-black berries of small size.

Under natural conditions, myrtle is widely distributed. The plant is found in North Africa and Central Asia, in the south of the North American continent, the Caribbean, the Azores. In Europe, myrtle is grown in the countries of the Mediterranean basin. The height of the plant in nature reaches 3-4 meters, domestic specimens are much more modest - no higher than 1 meter.

About fifty plant species belong to the genus, some of which are listed in the Red Book due to the threat of extinction, but only one of them is grown in room culture.

Home myrtle and its varieties

The common myrtle (lat. Myrtus communis) has become a species adapted to home maintenance - a tree or shrub with small (4-5 cm in length) glossy leaves and white fragrant flowers. Subsequently, based on the species, several varieties were obtained that differ in color and shape of leaves and flowers, as well as in size:

"Boetica" (Boetica) - large rich green leaves up to 7 cm long, slowly growing variety.
"Variegata" (Variegata) - a variegated form of myrtle. The color of the leaves is yellow-green.

M. Boethica, M. Variegata

"Tarentina" (Tarentina) - a variety characterized by small size. There is also a variegated variety - Tarentina Variegata. And Tarentina Granada is distinguished by unusual cream-colored fruits.
"Alhambra" (Alhambra) also bears fruit with light greenish berries. The leaves are small, bright green, elongated.

M. Tarentina, M. Alhambra

"Flore Pleno" (Flore Pleno) - differs in large terry flowers.
"Compact" (Compacta) - a low form with a dense dense crown and white fluffy flowers.

M. Flore Pleno, M. Compacta

Myrtle care at home

As mentioned above, among flower growers, myrtle is considered a plant that is difficult to grow. It is necessary to pay attention not only to watering, lighting and top dressing, but also to organize a dormant period in the cold months. In addition, for a beautiful appearance, the tree needs to be cut from time to time, forming a crown. Let's learn more about myrtle care.

Temperature and lighting

The optimum temperature for indoor myrtle varies with the season. In spring, summer and early autumn, the thermometer should be in the range of 17-22 ° C. In the warm season, the tree can be taken out to the balcony or garden plot: fresh air will be useful for the plant.

In winter, during the dormant period, when the plant is resting, the temperature range is 7-10 ° C. A glazed loggia of an apartment or a veranda of a private house can become a room for growing myrtle in winter. And the maximum lower temperature that a southern guest can withstand is 5-10 ° C.

[!] Warm wintering in an apartment, as a rule, negatively affects the plant - myrtle sheds leaves.

Year-round, both in winter and summer, there should be enough lighting, because the birthplace of myrtle is the sunny subtropics. That is why the best place to place the plant will be the southeast or southwest side of the room. You can grow myrtle on the southern windowsills. But in this case, it needs to be shaded a little, otherwise burns may appear on the delicate leaves. The north of the room is the most unfortunate place for growing myrtle: the sun will be missed, the growth and development of a green pet may stop.

Watering and air humidity

The peculiarity of the myrtle strait is that there should be an excess of moisture, but its stagnation in the bowl is excluded. Simply put, water should be plentiful and frequent, and excess water formed in the pan should be drained.

The frequency of watering depends on the season. In spring and summer, in the warm season, the plant should be watered as the topsoil dries up by one centimeter. On average, depending on the location - four to five times a week. In winter, the frequency of watering should be reduced - once or twice a week will be enough. At any time, water for irrigation should be filtered or settled. Salts of calcium and magnesium, dissolved in tap water, will settle on the plant in the form of a white chalk coating.

[!] If you forgot to water the tree and the myrtle started to dry out, you can try to revive it. Immerse the whole container with the plant in a bucket filled with water and leave for 15-20 minutes. Then let the excess water drain and then water according to the usual schedule.

High air humidity is an important parameter for growing myrtle; dry air in apartments has a bad effect on the plant. There are several ways to increase the humidity in the air:

spraying with a fine mist sprayer,
placing the plant on a pallet filled with wet expanded clay or pebbles,
using an electric humidifier.

Transplant, soil and top dressing

Myrtle is a plant that does not require frequent transplants. True, this applies only to adult specimens. On average, young trees are transplanted once a year, older plants - once every two to four years. The best time to transplant is the end of winter, before the start of the growing season.

The soil for planting myrtle should be water and breathable, nutritious and slightly acidic (pH 5.5-6.5). Of the store options, soil for citrus fruits is not bad. You can independently prepare the soil mixture from equal parts of sod, leaf, peat soil, humus and sand. A small addition of coco-soil or vermiculite will make the substrate looser, which will positively affect the health of the roots.

Don't forget about drainage. A sufficient drainage layer (at least a quarter of the landing tank) will ensure proper circulation of water and air.

[!] When transplanting myrtle, do not deepen the root neck, this leads to rotting of the trunk.

The tree of life, of course, needs fertilizers, but it is pointless to apply them all year round - in autumn and winter, the myrtle rests, there is no need to feed it. But, starting from March, fertilizers can and should be used. What exactly - depends on the condition of the plant. If the myrtle is grown as an ornamental leafy specimen, top dressings with a high nitrogen content, which are called “For decorative leafy house plants,” are suitable. In the case when the buds have appeared, the fertilizer must be changed to those in which phosphorus and potassium predominate (“For flowering ones”).

The frequency of use of dressings is once every two weeks in the proportion recommended by the manufacturer.

Pruning and shaping myrtle

Myrtle is a plant that responds well to pruning. Moreover, a wide variety of forms can be formed from it - a tree, shrub, bonsai. And some experienced flower growers have gone even further and grow myrtle with twisted or tied trunks, in the form of a cone, ball, with two tops. An inexhaustible field for fantasies and experiments!

In order to get a tree with one trunk, you need to choose the main, most developed, cutting, and remove the rest of the shoots growing from below. From the upper branches, you can form a crown of the desired shape.

In order to get a rounded shrub, you do not need to cut the lower branches, but pinch the upper ones from time to time, achieving the desired shape.

[!] Only adult specimens can be formed. Young immature plants after such a procedure will develop poorly and slow down growth.

It often happens that the trunk of a myrtle tree is twisted. This shortcoming can be corrected:

Spiral wind a thick copper wire around the barrel.
Give the trunk the desired shape by bending it along with the wire. Do this as carefully as possible.
In this form (with wire), myrtle should grow for several more months (2 months - young plants, 6 months - older specimens).
Then the wire can be unwound or cut with side cutters in several places, and then removed.

Bloom

Myrtle does not often bloom at home, but if it does, the plant looks just great - a bright green crown is densely strewn with white fluffy flowers.

Even experienced flower growers often cannot achieve the formation of buds, let alone amateur beginners. There are several secrets of myrtle flowering at home:

It is necessary to organize a full-fledged dormant period with a low temperature and poor watering.
Good lighting is the key to flowering myrtle, without the sun the buds will not appear.
Fresh air doesn't hurt either. It has been observed that myrtles growing outdoors in summer bloom much more often.
The size of the dishes in which the myrtle grows is also important. The pot must be cramped, otherwise the plant will grow root and green mass to the detriment of flowering.
If you want to see the buds, approach the myrtle pruning procedure with care. The fact is that flowers do not appear on shortened shoots. In order for the myrtle to bloom, it is necessary either to stop pruning altogether, or to carry out the last pruning at the end of winter.
A comic recommendation based on folk signs - next to the myrtle that refuses to bloom, you need to put an ax.)))

If you did everything right, and there are still no flowers, you may just need to wait a bit. Do not forget that the timing of the flowering of myrtle is from early June to mid-August.

[!] If a flowering myrtle is pollinated (with a brush or cotton swab), beautiful blue-black berries will appear that can be eaten.

Reproduction

When grown indoors, myrtle propagates in two ways: by seeds and cuttings.

Reproduction of myrtle by seeds is a laborious method, more suitable for professional breeders. It is much easier to grow a tree of life from a cutting, and the result will be more predictable.

Consider the process step by step:

For rooting, not too young, but not old, semi-dulled, cuttings 7-12 cm long are cut off.
The lower leaves are removed, and the cut point is sprinkled with any root formation stimulator ("Kornevin", "Heteroauxin")
Then the prepared cuttings are planted in a wet peat-sand mixture, peat tablet or pure vermiculite.
A container with a planted process is covered with a bag or a plastic bottle to create a greenhouse effect and put on a bright windowsill. In winter, when the length of daylight hours is small, you can organize additional illumination of the greenhouse.
From time to time, the substrate must be watered, and the bag removed, organizing ventilation.
After about a month, the first roots should appear, and when four or five new leaves grow on a young myrtle, it can be transplanted into standard soil.

You can propagate myrtle by cuttings at any time of the year, but the best time for this procedure will be the end of winter - the beginning of spring.

Diseases, pests and growing problems

Despite the fact that the myrtle does not cause much trouble to its owner, due to improper care, the tree can get sick or be attacked by insects.

The pests most often found on the Adam tree are spider mites, scale insects, and mealybugs. At the initial stage of infection, the fight against them consists in washing the crown and trunk of the plant and mechanical removal of insects. If this does not help, you need to use modern insecticides at a dose recommended by the manufacturer.

As for diseases, the myrtle itself will tell you what mistakes the grower made:

Myrtle leaves dry or curl. Most likely, the problem is a lack of moisture. Increase the frequency of watering and spraying the plant.

The leaves fall, the tips of the shoots turn black. This alarming phenomenon is observed in two cases: a warm wintering of a plant in an apartment or rotting of the roots. If the first option is excluded, you need to check the roots for rot. Rotten areas must be removed, cuts should be sprinkled with crushed coal and the plant should be transplanted into a fresh substrate.

The branches are stretched, the leaves turn pale with a lack of sunlight. It is worth moving the bowl to a more lit place.

Always carefully inspect the myrtle and, at the first sign of pests or disease, immediately take the necessary measures. And a wonderful tree, in turn, will thank you for your attention with lush foliage and magnificent flowering.

Myrtle legend

One of the ancient Greek nymphs named Mersina was unusually pretty and talented. Once, at a sports competition, Mersina defeated Aphrodite herself, the goddess of love. Aphrodite was so upset by the defeat that she ordered the girl to be killed, and after the order was executed, she was horrified by what she had done. In repentance, Aphrodite turned to the Olympic gods to leave at least something in memory of Mersin. The gods heard the prayer, and a beautiful tree sprouted from the body of the nymph, strewn with delicate flowers. This is how myrtle appeared - the tree of love and life.

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The history of the myrtle flower dates back to ancient times, it is revered by many peoples and cultures: for example, according to tradition, myrtle branches are woven into wedding hairstyles by English and Swedish princesses.

The scientific name of myrtle is myrtus communis (common myrtle).

Fragrant myrtle leaves green in color, oval in shape, about 2 centimeters long and wide, they shine beautifully, are leathery and tough. There are different forms of leaves: variegata and latifolia - in the first case, the leaves are variegated, and in the second - almost round.

On closer examination of the leaf, you can see small veins filled with essential oil, which, when rubbed with your fingers, exude a delicious aroma.

Myrtle is a plant with small flowers having five petals and gold-colored stamens, spreading a magnificent aroma and located on rather long pedicels.

Fruits usually appear in autumn: myrtle berries round shape are dark blue in color. Some species have yellowish or white berries. The fruits contain yellowish myrtle seeds irregularly shaped, which can be used to grow a new plant.

You can also propagate the myrtle tree using cuttings. Semi-lignified myrtle stalk from 6 centimeters long can be perfectly rooted in a greenhouse. It is better to use young cuttings cut from the tops.

In nature, the plant can be found in the subtropics, where it grows as a tree or shrub, wild species can grow from 3 to 5 meters. Garden varieties differ from each other in leaves and berry color, but they can only grow in areas with a mild climate.

Kinds

Common myrtle is mainly grown, but several of its varieties are common, the most popular of which are the following:

Pumila- shrub of medium size, rounded, growing no higher than 2 meters;
Variegata- a species that has variegated leaves with a white border;
Microphylla- a shrub no larger than 60 centimeters in size, the leaves of which are of the usual size;
Boetica- a variety of myrtle with large leaves measuring 2 - 3 centimeters;
GlanleamGold- variegated variety with a golden edging;
Latifolia- species with round leaves.

You can learn more about the types of myrtle.
See below: myrtle photo

Myrtle Boetica

Myrtle Glanleam Gold

Myrtle Latifolia

Myrtle Variegata

Myrtle Microphylla

plant homeland

The cradle of the myrtle tree is the Mediterranean. It is this area that is his homeland, which gave the world such an amazing plant. Residents of Greece, Spain, Italy, France, Egypt and some other states have the opportunity to admire wild varieties of the plant.

Myrtle is associated with many legends that have spread in these countries. Myrtle branches are mentioned in the myths of ancient Greece, as well as in the Bible.

Care

myrtle room very loves bright light, it can tolerate a small amount of direct sunlight, while the leaves are not damaged in any way. It is preferable to place it near the western or eastern windows.

If you decide to grow a plant on a southern window, then you need shading from the bright midday sun. It can also be placed on the north side, but flowering will be less plentiful.

In spring and summer, the flower should be kept at a temperature within 18 - 25 degrees, but in winter it is necessary to reduce it to 5 - 8 degrees, which portends some difficulties in winter maintenance, because in apartments with central heating there are no such low temperatures. If the myrtle is not provided with a cool wintering, then it can shed its leaves and not bloom in the summer.

The shrub requires quite frequent and abundant watering. It is necessary to water it as the topsoil dries out. The flower itself can signal you about a lack of water: young shoots will begin to wither.

In winter, the plant should not be flooded, since during this period water stagnation is dangerous, which can lead to the development of unpleasant diseases. Water for irrigation must be defended, while it must be remembered that cold and hard water cannot be used.

Spraying is practically mandatory procedure because usually the air in our apartments is too dry. It is better to spray every day. A warm shower is very useful for a plant, saturating each leaf with moisture and washing off dust.

The crown of the myrtle is formed by pruning. Thus, it can be given absolutely any shape, which makes it an ideal plant for use in the bonsai technique. Myrtle easily tolerates pruning, it has a beneficial effect on its growth.

The soil in which the flower should be planted should consist of sod and leaf soil and sand.

The soil should be slightly acidic or neutral. Also, the finished substrate can be purchased at the store. Form a good drainage layer before planting to avoid standing water.

During the growth period, once every two weeks, top dressing with universal fertilizers is necessary, which can be easily purchased at a specialized store.

Young plants should be transplanted every year in pots with a diameter of 2 centimeters larger than the previous one; adult plants are transplanted every few years, while replacing the topsoil.

If the plant is not provided with proper care, then various ones may appear.

In conclusion, we can say that it is perfectly possible grow myrtle at home, in addition to beauty and aroma, it also has a large number of medicinal properties. Home myrtle is often placed in children's rooms so that the plant has a beneficial effect on the child. If you decide to purchase this magnificent plant, you will never regret your decision.

Useful video

Watch the video: Common myrtle - care and cultivation at home

Myrtle is one of the gardener's most favorite indoor plants. This is not surprising, because the myrtle tree is incredibly beautiful and useful. In addition, it has a rich history of origin and very beautiful symbolism. There are many legends and beliefs associated with this deciduous beauty.

Myrtle is a plant from the genus of evergreen shrubs and trees. It belongs to the myrtle family and has its origins in Ancient Greece. For many centuries, this tree has been considered a symbol of beauty and youth, and it also symbolizes happiness and well-being in the family. The myrtle plant has been developing as a decorative flower for 400 years. In indoor conditions, the flower can reach 1 m in height, in natural conditions it grows upward by 3-4 m.

Leaves of a woody shrub

The woody shrub has straight stems that branch quite densely. The leaves of this beauty are dark green, dense, leathery. The shape of the myrtle leaf is oblong, slightly tapering towards the edge. The leaves grow very abundantly on the stems and are held on small petioles. The length of one leaf reaches from 2 to 5 cm. The leaves can have different shapes depending on the type of plant, for example, the hequen myrtle has wrinkled edges on the foliage.

Myrtle leaves are shiny and have a pleasant smell. The thing is that the leaves contain small glands that can be seen close up in good lighting. It is thanks to these glands that the plant leaf releases essential oils and aromatic substances. Myrtle essential oil helps relieve fatigue, has a calming effect and treats insomnia. However, you should be careful with the myrtle scent; too much of it can cause nausea and dizziness.

Flowering indoor plant

Myrtle flowers grow singly in the axils of the leaves, or the blooms are collected in whole clusters. Flowering is mostly white, with occasional pink flowers. The flowers themselves are small, very fragrant and fragrant. The flowering of indoor myrtle is pollinated by a brush. The tree blooms in early summer and bears fruit in the fall. The fruits of this plant contain spice, they are edible and juicy, dark blue or deep red in appearance.

Popular types of myrtle

Today there are about one hundred different species of myrtle. This fragrant foliage beauty is represented by a wealth of species around the world, but the most common is the common myrtle or, as it is also called, communis. And this is not surprising, because flower growers consider the common myrtle plant to be the most unpretentious flower of the myrtle family. The characteristic features of this tree are five-petal flowers with golden stamens in the center, as well as a highly branched trunk, quite short.

Species such as small-leaved myrtle, lush myrtle, Ralph's myrtle, and hequen myrtle are very popular. Also included in the description of the myrtle plant is a species such as Tarentina Granada, a dwarf flower that gives its owners beautiful, lush flowering. All these species have differences in the shape of the leaves and branches, as well as in the color of the fruits, but they are all incredibly beautiful and unique.

Medicinal and beneficial qualities of the myrtle plant

It is not in vain that the characterization of myrtle has such an interesting point: the word “myrtle” is translated from Greek as “balm”.

One could go on and on about the benefits of myrtle and how it is valued in medicine. This southern plant has a huge storehouse of medicinal properties. Today, everyone who cares about their health is interested in the topic - the myrtle plant: its properties and uses, because this small indoor dweller is very rich in useful qualities.

The flower is able to purify the air in the apartment, protect the inhabitants of the house from bacteria and annoying viruses, for example, from ARVI, from tuberculosis and diphtheria bacilli. The antibacterial properties of myrtle plants are widely known, as well as the fact that the flower promotes anti-inflammatory processes in the body.

Various tinctures are made from the tree, which help with intestinal diseases, help fight cancer, help cope with heart disease, and have healing effects for sinusitis, diabetes, liver and kidney diseases. Interestingly, myrtle is also used for various allergic symptoms.

The essential oil, which is contained in the leaves, bark and flowers of the tree, perfectly tones and soothes. This oil is widely used for cosmetic purposes, because it treats the skin from acne, gives it freshness, and strengthens the hair. Myrtle oil also invigorates and improves mood. And the beneficial properties of the myrtle plant do not end there. This evergreen flower softens the cough of a heavy smoker and improves immunity.

Proper care of myrtle at home

Many amateur gardeners are wondering how to care for myrtle so that it grows healthy and strong. Any indoor flower needs tender and attentive care, because it needs to feel cared for. If caring for the myrtle plant at home was complete, then this indoor beauty will certainly please the gardener with its lush growth. To do this, you need to follow a few simple tips.

Place and lighting for the flower

Myrtle loves sunlight, but the sun's rays should be in moderation, especially on hot summer days. You should not keep a flowerpot with a myrtle tree in the heat. It is best to place the flower in a well-lit area, or on a windowsill. It will be great if the tree is on the western or eastern side. In summer, caring for a myrtle plant requires less effort; you just need to take it out into the fresh air, for example, onto a balcony. In winter, you need to provide the flower with good lighting.

Temperature and humidity

Favorable atmosphere for the myrtle flower: how to care for it, what temperature to maintain, how to refresh it and not dry it out? It's all quite simple. The myrtle tree grows well at moderate air temperatures; in winter it will feel good at temperatures up to eight degrees below zero. If you keep myrtle cool in winter, then in summer this beauty will bloom thickly and profusely. In the summer season, the flower should simply be kept in the fresh air, but protected from the sultry heat.

This evergreen tree requires high air humidity and copes very poorly with dry indoor air. The plant needs constant spraying in the summer, as well as in the spring and warm autumn, when it grows intensively and strengthens. When cold weather sets in, you don’t have to spray it.

Soil, fertilizer, and watering

The soil in the flowerpot with the myrtle plant should remain fairly moist. It is recommended that the flowerpot contain sand, humus, peat soil and turf soil in equal quantities. You can also make soil from clay, humus, peat and turf soil in equal quantities and add sand. An indoor tree should be watered regularly, but in moderation; do not overfill the flowerpot. Warm water is used for irrigation.

How much fertilizer does the myrtle houseplant require: cultivation and care during feeding, are there any special features? The fact is that feeding depends on what result the grower expects. If you need to achieve good flowering, you can, for example, use fertilizer with phosphorus, and fertilizing with nitrogen is suitable for growing a small ornamental tree. Whatever the gardener’s choice, the main thing is not to forget to feed the myrtle flower once a week.

Replanting woody shrubs

Woody shrubs should be replanted as needed, and this should be done carefully and carefully.

During this important procedure, it is necessary to ensure that the trunk does not sink into the ground along with the roots; it is recommended to leave it on the surface of the flowerpot. While the deciduous beauty is young, you can replant it once a year, but try not to overdo it, because very large flowerpots will not do the tree any good. Also, it is necessary to remember that the flower is replanted in the spring before it begins to bloom.

Trimming and pinching

Myrtle needs pruning in order to achieve a beautiful shape. This foliage flower will be pleasing to the eye in any case, but if you give it the desired look with trimming, it will look unique. If you trim the top of the flower, it will decorate the interior of the room in the form of a bush, but if you trim the side parts, the myrtle will stretch upward like a slender tree. Here it is recommended to remember the following: a woody plant is pruned when the trunk is already strong, and this procedure must be carried out in the spring.

You can pinch the deciduous beauty as needed in order to increase the density of the crowns. The myrtle will become fuller and healthier after pinching, but it is not recommended to do this too often, as the tree may lose the density of flowering. Experienced flower growers know that procedures of this kind should be carried out in moderation, taking into account all the subtleties of the issue of myrtle vulgaris: care at home, because each plant loves an individual approach.

Myrtle tree propagation

In nature, there are two ways to propagate myrtle: from seeds and using cuttings. Both methods require quite a lot of attention and care. The grower propagates by cuttings twice a year; to do this, it is necessary to remove them from the myrtle and plant them for rooting in peat with sand. The cuttings are covered with a bag to retain moisture, and after a month, when the roots grow, they can be planted in a small flowerpot. This myrtle blooms already in the third year of its growth.

For seeds, it is necessary to prepare the soil from peat and sand, distribute them evenly on the surface, sprinkle a thin layer of earth on top and cover with film. It is recommended to place this soil in a well-lit place and water it regularly. After about 2 weeks, when the seedlings have two leaves, they can be transplanted into small flowerpots. This myrtle will begin to bloom in the fifth year of life.

What threatens myrtle?

Is myrtle healthy: diseases and treatment, what should you be wary of and how to properly protect a woody plant? Flower growers definitely need to know what myrtle diseases are in order to prevent their occurrence. The most common scourge is aphids, very unpleasant spider mites, and scale insects. These, as well as similar myrtle pests, can manifest themselves if the flower is not provided with good lighting and proper watering is not observed. Treatment is carried out with insecticides; it is also recommended to spray the beautiful myrtle with water, paying special attention to the underside of the foliage.

Every gardener who can boast of a gorgeous myrtle plant in his collection is incredibly proud of it, because this flower carries many useful nuances. We can talk forever about the symbolism, history and beauty of this leafy favorite, but it’s better to just enjoy the sight of it in your home! Lots of useful information in this article:

Myrtle ordinary(Myrtus communis) is an evergreen shrub from the Myrtle family, common in Mediterranean countries and widely cultivated as an ornamental plant in other warm climates, as well as in rooms and greenhouses.

Relatively small (about 5 cm) lanceolate leathery leaves of myrtle are located opposite on its branches. And in the axils of the leaves there are small white or pink, very delicate five-petal flowers with many stamens.

They have a surprisingly pleasant smell.
But myrtle leaves smell no less pleasant. If you look at its leaf in the light, it seems as if it is pricked in many places with a needle - this reveals numerous essential oil glands, thanks to which the plant emits an amazing aroma.

Many legends, myths and beliefs are associated with myrtle. Even the queen of flowers, the rose, can envy the amazingly rich history of this plant.

The word “myrtle” itself is of Greek origin; the ancient Hellenes admired this plant. According to legend, Venus was crowned with a wreath of myrtle during a famous dispute, thanks to which Paris gave her his apple. Since then, myrtle has become Venus’s favorite flower, and she even often called herself Myrtea. Many myrtle bushes were planted around her temples, and during the annual festivals in honor of the goddess, taking place in April, all participants in the action, as well as all the young boys and girls present, were crowned with myrtle wreaths. The bride and groom were also decorated with myrtle wreaths on their wedding day.

Myrtle played a very important role in celebrations and in honor of Ceres, Proserpina and Bacchus. And in the festivities that took place on the island of Crete and Corinth in honor of the moon goddess - Gelotia - the participants solemnly carried one huge myrtle wreath - about 7 fathoms in diameter.
Myrtle also played a significant role in the social life of the ancient Greeks. Thus, the highest ranks of Athens wore myrtle wreaths as a sign of power, and petitioners appeared with myrtle wreaths in their hands, wanting to arouse sympathy. Myrtle was used to decorate the winners at the Isthmian Games and statues of fallen heroes were decorated with myrtle wreaths to show that they were remembered and loved. Myrtle was used to decorate houses during weddings and other celebrations; singers wrapped their lyres around their lyres.
But especially original was the custom of putting a myrtle wreath on someone who wanted to recite the poems of Aeschylus or Simonides. So the ancient Greeks wanted to express special respect for these poets.
From the ancient Greeks the cult of myrtle passed to the Romans. Erato, the muse of erotic poetry, wore a myrtle wreath. And the same wreath was crowned with the head of the god of marriage, Hymen, who was always depicted as a charming young man with a lit torch in his hand.

Myrtle is also mentioned in the Bible. After the Flood, Noah allegedly sent a dove with a myrtle branch from Mount Ararat, where his ark survived the storm, so that all living things would be reborn on earth. Therefore, myrtle served as a symbol of hope. The branches of this plant were used to decorate temples during festivals, as bouquets and wreaths presented on special occasions. The ancient Jews, as well as the Greeks, had a custom of decorating the bride and groom with myrtle.
According to ancient Arab beliefs, myrtle decorated the gardens of Eden, and when the first people were expelled from paradise, Adam took a sprig of myrtle with him so that it would remind people of the gardens of bliss.

Orest Kiprensky, "Gypsy with a myrtle branch in her hand" 1819.

Myrtle was one of the symbols and indispensable attributes of Christian holidays. The frescoes of the Ipatiev Monastery depict a scene when Christ presents a myrtle bouquet to the Mother of God.
From the ancient Hellenes, the cult of myrtle and the custom of using it during wedding celebrations passed on to their descendants, and from them to other inhabitants of the new Europe. There is a legend that the first German bride to wear a myrtle wreath for her wedding was the daughter of the famous medieval millionaire Jacob Fugger. And this event happened in 1583.

Johann Friedrich Overbeck, "Germany and Italy". Shulamith is depicted as a dark-haired Italian woman with laurel leaves woven into her hair. Maria embodies the Nordic "Gretchen" type with braids and a myrtle wreath in her blonde hair.

In France, myrtle was also an indispensable attribute of wedding ceremonies. Only they did not always decorate the bride’s head with it, but often simply carried this plant in a pot during the procession heading to sign the marriage contract to the mayor or headman. You probably immediately remembered the film “Straw Hat,” where the myrtle tree “participated” in a similar ceremony.

At the English court, myrtle wreaths and bouquets are obligatory for the marriage of persons of royal blood. This custom was introduced by Queen Victoria (1819-1901), who personally planted a tiny sprig of myrtle in her gardens, taken from the wedding bouquet of her daughter, who was marrying the German Emperor. The shoot took root, grew in a tree, and later Victoria always put a twig plucked from it into the wedding bouquet of her next daughter or granddaughter. Until now, every bride of the English royal house always has a myrtle branch from this tree in her bouquet.

Until recently, the Baltic peoples also had a custom of decorating the bride with a myrtle wreath, and not even one, but two. A large wreath was worn over the veil, and a small one was worn under it, serving as a symbol of purity and innocence. And if a woman got married a second time, she no longer had the right to wear this small wreath.

But myrtle was used not only as decoration in various rituals. This plant has long been valued as a medicinal plant. Even in ancient Rome, women washed their faces with water infused with myrtle flowers, believing that it gives beauty and freshness to the skin. Noble ladies of Greece and Italy simply could not do without myrtle water, which was called “eau d’ange” - angel water. It should be noted that not only women, but also men took baths with myrtle water.

Young, unopened myrtle buds were used as a stomach tonic. And the wine infusion of the fruits of this shrub was considered an elixir that restores health and brings vigor. It was given to wounded soldiers to drink.
It was believed that a branch of myrtle, taken with you on the road, gives the traveler vigor and strengthens his strength.

It should be noted that the medicinal properties of common myrtle have found their confirmation and explanation in modern studies conducted in different years, including in our country. In 1948, an employee of the Nikitsky Botanical Garden M.N. Artemyev was able to establish that an aqueous extract from myrtle leaves has an excellent antimicrobial effect. And researcher A.P. Degtyareva came to the conclusion that this effect is due to non-volatile crystalline substances of phenolic nature. The antibacterial activity of these substances is 500 times higher than the activity of myrtle essential oil itself - they suppress the development of gram-positive non-spore bacteria, for example, various strains of staphylococci, tuberculosis, anthrax, diphtheria bacilli, etc. What is especially valuable is that these substances suppress the action of some microorganisms that are resistant to antibiotics such as penicillin, streptomycin, and aureoitzin.

A.P. Degtyareva and her employees developed the drug “Myrtle Tincture”, which has excellent tonic, stimulating, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties. It is used in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis, nephritis, chronic pneumonia and bronchitis, tonsillitis and tonsillitis.

But the volatile secretions of myrtle vulgaris, essential oils, also exhibit antimicrobial activity. The results of experiments by Novosibirsk scientists who tested the effectiveness of myrtle as a houseplant in kindergartens and hospitals are very interesting. Thus, in two kindergartens, 7 specimens of common myrtle at the age of 7 years with a total leaf area of about 1.3 m2 were placed in playrooms (with a total area of 216 and 100 m2). And after a week, the number of bacteria (including such genera of conditionally pathogenic and pathogenic microorganisms as Sarcina, Micrococcus, Basillus, Staphyllococcus) in the air decreased by 40-50% and remained at low levels while the plants were indoors.

Similar positive results were obtained in hospitals. So myrtle can be recommended for rooms where there is a high concentration of pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microflora - in school locker rooms, corridors, playrooms. It’s a good idea to keep this plant at home, on the window. But not in the bedroom, as the strong smell of myrtle can cause headaches.

Caring for myrtle is not very difficult. This plant prefers a bright, sunny place and fresh air. True, myrtle does not like the proximity of other plants.
In summer, myrtle should be watered abundantly, preferably with soft water, but so that the moisture does not stagnate in the pan. In addition, myrtle loves water showers. In winter, you need to water the plant much less often, just so that the earthen lump does not dry out. Only a well-developed plant needs feeding - from spring to autumn, it should be given small portions of fertilizer every two weeks.
Myrtle can be propagated in spring and summer using apical cuttings.

Cuttings for myrtle, especially young ones, are generally very useful, since after this the plant begins to bush better and can be given the desired shape. And lastly: if myrtle feels great most of the year in a warm room, then in the winter months it is better to provide it with coolness. And then your attention and care for the plant will pay off not only with the wonderful appearance of the green bush, but also with its beneficial effect on your health and the health of all members of your family.