Installation of modern radiators, transition to gas heating. Do-it-yourself gas heating in a private house

Choosing batteries for heating in your own home is not at all the same as buying batteries for use in an apartment where the central heating system always operates. Heating a private home involves organizing your own heating system, which, as a rule, is based on a gas boiler. This and other nuances impose certain requirements on radiators.

To help you navigate the issue, Santekhbomb has prepared an article with recommendations. After reading it, you will learn which heating batteries are best for a private home, what you should pay attention to when choosing them, and also get an idea of ​​the main characteristics of the currently most popular batteries suitable for working in gas heating systems.

Features of a gas heating system

First of all, it is worth identifying several features inherent in gas heating systems.

• Low operating pressure.
• Absence of pressure surges and water hammer due to the closed circuit.
• The ability to use good quality coolant, change its type or properties.

Based on this, such common types of heating batteries as cast iron and bimetallic should be immediately “swept away” from the selection. Yes, they are wonderful in their own way, but there is no point in using them in a closed system. Bimetallic ones, despite all their advantages, cost a lot - more expensive than aluminum and often even cast iron analogues, which will make their purchase completely impractical. Cast iron ones are simply not suitable for autonomous gas heating. It's all about their high thermal inertia - because of it, you won't heat up the room quickly, and the efficiency of cast iron is such that using it in your home will be too expensive. This will also prevent the automatic temperature control system, if any, from working. In this case, the main advantages of cast iron disappear - there will be no water hammer in such a system, as already mentioned, and ensuring good quality of the coolant will not be difficult.

If you are looking for heating batteries, which ones are best for a private home, the only options left are aluminum batteries. But you should choose them based on your needs. To do this, let’s take a closer look at how exactly they interact with a gas heating system, what their main advantages are, and what characteristics you should pay attention to before purchasing.

What could be the gas heating scheme for a private house? We will analyze the most affordable and popular solutions with their advantages and disadvantages.

In addition, we will find out which heating equipment installation works you can do yourself, and for which you will have to invite gas workers.

The photo shows a double-circuit gas boiler, one of the most popular solutions for gasified houses in the private sector.

Why gas

Given the availability of a large number of alternatives, gas remains unrivaled in terms of cheap heating. The cost of one kilowatt-hour of heat obtained by burning natural gas is only 20-30 kopecks. The closest competitor - firewood - costs twice as much.

A nuance: in no case should liquefied gas be equated in cost to main gas.

Heating a private house with bottled gas costs 6-7 times more and is almost comparable in cost to heating with an electric boiler.

In addition, gas as a heat source has a number of other advantages:

• The absence of soot and combustion products in the house, which distinguishes it favorably from firewood and coal.
• Possibility of automatic adjustment to maintain the set temperature (all modern gas heating systems in a private home include a thermostat).
• A sufficiently low temperature of combustion products, which greatly reduces the risk of fire of wooden walls, beams and rafters adjacent to the chimney.

Of course, the tree still requires some protection.

Schematic diagrams

In general, there are only two of them - according to the number of types of gas-powered heating devices:

We will look at them in this order.

The key common feature of these devices is that gas combustion is used to heat water, which, due to natural or forced circulation, distributes heat through heating devices - radiators, convectors, registers or underfloor heating systems.

What design options may a gas heating project for a private house include?

The implementation is directly related to the type of gas boiler you choose for heating. More precisely, the boiler is selected depending on your needs.

Single-circuit and double-circuit

• A single-circuit gas heating boiler is equipment for heating a house. Only and exclusively. Its design implies a constant volume of coolant in the system.
• A double-circuit boiler includes an additional circuit for heating water used for household needs.

This can be a plate flow heater or a storage tank with a separate burner and thermostat. It is clear that in this case the boiler is part of not only the water supply system, but also the heating system.

Flow-through boilers are less convenient - it is difficult to adjust the temperature of the water in the tap.

Convective and condensation

The difference between these types of gas boilers for heating a private house is that in a convective boiler, the combustion gas transfers to the coolant only the heat from the actual combustion of the gas, while in a condensing boiler, the remaining heat is also removed from the combustion products due to their condensation on an additional heat exchanger - an economizer.

What is the difference for the consumer?

• The main horror story of a gas convection boiler is the formation of condensation on the heat exchanger, since, in addition to water, it contains acids. Of course, this does not mean anything good for a heat exchanger that is not adapted to this mode of operation.

The main way to combat dew is by high temperature of the heat exchanger, which in general means the temperature of the coolant in the return pipeline is not less than 60C. If so, a variety of wall-mounted radiators, convectors and registers can be used from heating devices with boilers of this type.

In-floor convectors and underfloor heating systems are excluded from the list, since they will not warm the feet of the inhabitants of the house, but burn them.

• For a condensing boiler, on the contrary, a low temperature of the heat exchanger (and, accordingly, the return) is needed like air.

A typical gas heating scheme in a private house with a boiler of this type is radiators under the windows and water-heated floors using radiator return, in which water gives off the remaining heat.

The operating diagram of a condensing boiler is drawn roughly, but very clearly.

Natural and forced traction

Heating a private house with natural gas can use boilers with natural circulation, which take air from the room into an open burner and discharge combustion products into general ventilation, and boilers with forced ventilation.

In the latter, air to support combustion is taken from the street; combustion products are discharged there through a separate air duct.

How is the installation of these boilers different?

• In the first case, the boiler needs to be allocated a separate room with an area of ​​at least 4 m2 with a window and a wide door.
• In the second, the boiler can be mounted directly in the living room.

Important: in both cases, gas equipment for heating a private house is connected and started only by gas workers.

On the left is the chimney of a traditional natural draft boiler. On the right is the air duct of a more modern boiler. It both takes in air and disperses combustion products.

Convectors do not use heating of the intermediate coolant: the heat exchanger transfers heat directly to the air in the room. Combustion products are discharged directly through the external wall to the street along the core of the coaxial pipe; clean air is taken in through its shell.

This is how autonomous individual gas heating is most often implemented in a private house in the absence of main gas.

What features does heating with gas convectors have?

• No boiler room or pipework throughout the house is required. This is a definite plus.

Moreover, the price of a gas convector is not much more than the cost of a bimetallic radiator, which, of course, will not heat without a boiler and wiring.

• In isolated rooms, you will need to install separate convectors, which means either separate cylinders in each room, or gas distribution throughout the house.

An equally obvious disadvantage: fire safety suffers.

• The gas heating system of a private house based on convectors irrationally distributes heat in the room.

It will be hot under the ceiling, cold on the floor. However, only underfloor heating systems are free from this drawback.

• Gas convectors can be installed and started independently.

Gas heating of a private house: video instructions for installing equipment with your own hands, diagram of an individual autonomous system, project, price, photo

31) Gas heating of a private house: video instructions for installing equipment with your own hands, diagram of an individual autonomous system, project, price, photo

Gas heating of a private house: diagrams, device options, review of the best solutions

Heating systems using gas as fuel have excellent efficiency and reliability. The thermal energy generators in them have high efficiency and are safe to use. There are several ways to organize gas heating for a private home.

There are solutions both budget-friendly and more expensive with maximum efficiency and operational stability.

Gas supply: mainline vs gas tank

Without burning fuel, there will be zero benefit from any autonomous version of the in-house heating system. Gas is the first thing you need to think about when planning gas heating in a country house.

Not all settlements in Russia are gasified. However, “blue fuel” can be obtained not only from a pipe or cylinder with liquefied fuel, but also from a gas holder.

Natural gas, consisting mainly of methane, is supplied to private homes through pipes. Its liquefied analogue is a propane-butane mixture, which is pumped into containers for transportation and storage. The pressure in such cylinders and gas holders is about 15–18 atmospheres.

When organizing heating in a private house using 50-liter cylinder containers, the latter will have to be changed every 2-3 days in winter. If an autonomous gas supply is chosen for a country cottage, then it is best to choose a gas holder, which can have a volume of up to 20 cubic meters.

The choice of capacity by cubic capacity depends on the level of consumption of liquefied hydrocarbon gases (LPG). Here it is necessary to take into account not only the hot water boiler, but also the fireplace and gas stove, if they are used in the house. For a cottage of 150 sq.m. It is recommended to install a gas holder with a volume of 2000–3000 liters. And for a country house of 300 sq.m. you will need an 8000–9000 liter option.

In terms of connection costs, a gas pipeline is in most cases more advantageous than a tank in the ground. But only when the settlement has already been gasified. Situations are also possible in which installing a gas tank will cost less than connecting to the main pipeline. It all depends on the specific connection conditions in the region and the remoteness of the village from the large gas main.

When using a gas holder, you do not have to worry about the presence of pressure in the pipe. It is extremely easy to use. You just need to regularly call specialists to check it for safety, and also remember to refuel. It will take no more than three days to install the entire system.

If an autonomous gasification option is chosen, then a gas boiler should be purchased that is designed to operate on LPG. There are models on sale that are designed to operate exclusively on mains natural gas. But most gas heat generators are designed to burn both types of this fuel. You just have to change the jets, and also reconfigure the valve and electronics to a different mode.

Choosing a heating gas boiler

Modern gas-fired heat generating equipment has a variety of automation and is able to operate in several modes. It can be floor or wall mounted. The second option is more compact, but has power limitations. If the model is chosen for a large private house, then you will have to purchase a powerful floor-mounted unit.

The principle of operation of a gas boiler is extremely simple - the fuel is ignited in the burner using piezoelectric elements or electronic ignition, then as a result of burning the fuel, thermal energy is generated, which is transferred to water through a heat exchanger. The latter is already used as a coolant in the heating system or consumed in the hot water supply.

The heat exchanger in a gas boiler can be made:

The most common options are made of steel. This metal is cheap and ductile, so cracks from constant heating/cooling appear less frequently. But steel elements, with constant interaction with water from a gas heating system installed in a country house, quickly begin to corrode.

Cast iron is less susceptible to corrosion, but it is quite heavy. Most boiler models with cast iron heat exchangers are floor-standing. It is problematic to mount such heavy and large equipment on the wall. If you need a compact and extremely lightweight heating unit, then the best option is with a copper coil. However, it is the most expensive among analogues made of other metals.

The piping scheme and the principle of its use depend on the number of circuits in a gas-fired water heating boiler. One heat exchanger was originally intended for organizing a gas heating system in a private house. For hot water supply, it is necessary to install another boiler or immediately select a double-circuit model.

It is best to heat hot water for domestic needs in a storage boiler. Streaming models are less economical. They will spend more gas on heating.

Which combustion chamber is better?

In order for the gas in the boiler furnace to burn, it needs a constant supply of oxygen. It is taken directly from the boiler room or drawn in from the street. The first option involves natural air flow, and the second – forced air flow using a fan.

Gas boilers are equipped with two types of combustion chambers:

1. Closed - oxygen is supplied through the gap between paired pipes of different diameters. Combustion products are discharged through an internal channel.
2. Open - air enters the firebox from the room with the heating installation through the supply valve. Combustion products are discharged through a round smoke channel.

The first option is independent of the area of ​​the room. Suitable for rooms of any size. The coaxial type of chimney can be removed from a unit with a closed firebox through a wall or an upper ceiling with a roof.

In the second case, you will have to install a high chimney pipe of 5–6 meters, otherwise the draft to suck the required volumes of oxygen into the combustion chamber will not be enough. But gas boilers with an atmospheric burner do not require an electrical connection. There is no fan in them, everything happens naturally without forced circulation.

It is recommended to install gas water heaters with an open firebox in special rooms with good ventilation. If you install them in living rooms, they will greatly reduce the amount of oxygen in them. It will no longer be possible to do without a forced ventilation system. And this means additional costs for the installation and subsequent operation of air ventilation equipment.

Characteristics of condensation models

In conventional gas boilers, water vapor generated during gas combustion flies out into the chimney. During the combustion process, little of it is formed, but it still carries a fairly significant amount of thermal energy. To avoid wasting this heat, condensing boilers were developed.

The operating principle of these installations is based on the fact that when cooled, the exhaust gas vapor transfers heat to water from the return of the heating system. In this case, the temperature of the coolant increases slightly, but the recuperator is quite suitable as an additional source of thermal energy.

Condensed water from the condensing boiler is discharged through a special pipe into the sewer or into a separate container. Here it is worth clearly understanding one nuance - the condensate formed is actually a weakly concentrated acid. Moreover, up to 4–6 liters can leak per hour.

If this liquid is poured into a septic tank, then all the microbes living in it will be destroyed. If there is a treatment station in a country house, condensate from the boiler cannot be drained into the sewer system. With the design of the chimney everything is simpler; just take one that is designed for boilers with a closed chamber.

Gas fireplace - an original solution

In terms of equipment costs, gas fireplaces are comparable to their electric or wood-burning counterparts. But gas fuel is much cheaper. And unlike firewood, gas heating using a fireplace in a country house means there are no problems with ash. Plus, you don’t have to constantly monitor the operation of the firebox and worry about chopping logs.

According to the type of installation, gas fireplaces are:

In terms of their general design and internal contents (burners, automation, design of combustion chambers), they completely replicate gas boilers. In both cases, the technology for connecting to networks is identical. Differences exist only in the principle of heating the premises.

A hot water boiler is initially designed to heat water, and a regular fireplace is designed to convect air from the body and front screen, behind which fuel combustion occurs.

Schemes for water heating in a private house

To heat cottages, heating systems with water as a coolant are installed, consisting of:

• water heating boiler (single-circuit or double-circuit);
• pipelines and fittings (metal or polypropylene);
• bypasses that allow you to disconnect individual heaters from the network;
• batteries (cast iron, aluminum, steel and bimetallic);
• expansion tank.

Gas heating units are equipped with a specific safety system, including a solenoid valve and a thermocouple. The devices are connected to each other by wires. If the heating unit is functioning normally, the thermocouple junction is heated by the igniter. At this time, current flows freely through the winding of the solenoid valve, which ensures the open position of the valve. When the thermocouple cools down, the gas access is blocked by an electromagnetic valve.

According to the battery connection diagram, they are single-pipe and double-pipe. In the first case, water is supplied and discharged from the radiator using one pipe. In the second, the heating device is connected to two separate pipelines (supply and return).

Heating circuits, based on the principle of water movement in pipes, are available with forced and natural circulation. When installing the second option, the coolant circulates in the system due to convection and gravity. And the forced scheme involves the installation of a circulation pump.

To ensure normal operation of a system with two or more circuits connected to the manifold, it provides for the installation of a hydraulic arrow. The hydraulic arrow eliminates pressure drops and the possibility of water hammer.

The expansion tank can be open or closed (divided inside into two parts by a sealed membrane). For gravity heating systems, an open option will be sufficient. A closed tank is designed for forced circulation circuits.

For small cottages, the natural principle of water movement will be sufficient. However, if a residential building has two or three floors, then you cannot do without a pump. The length of the circulation circuit in the first scheme is limited to 30 meters. The boiler will not be able to “push” water over a greater distance.

With natural circulation of the coolant in the gas heating circuit of a private house, there is no pump. If the boiler is chosen to be non-volatile, then the entire heating system is independent of the power supply. There are simply no elements that consume electricity.

On the one hand, it is more stable in operation, but on the other, the quality of heating in it is lower (the water reaches the radiators farthest from the water heater when it is very cold). The latter especially applies to pipelines and batteries made of steel or cast iron. These materials have high hydraulic resistance, which reduces the coolant current.

It is also possible to organize a combined heating system. In it, the circulation pump is connected to the main line through a bypass. If it is necessary to quickly warm up the air in the rooms, it is turned on to accelerate the water circulation. In other cases, it is cut off from the main pipe by shut-off valves, while the system continues to function in a natural (gravitational) mode.

What is needed to install gas heating

Gasification and construction of a gas-based heating system in a private house is carried out in several stages:

1. Preparation and subsequent approval of a gas heating project by the supervisory authorities.
2. Purchase of consumables, boiler and other equipment.
3. Connecting the house to the village gas networks.
4. Installation of gas equipment and piping systems with batteries.
5. Filling pipes with coolant.
6. Checking functionality through a test run.

It is impossible to independently prepare a gas heating project for your country house with all the diagrams and calculations without a heating engineer diploma. In addition, the generated documentation still needs to be approved by gas workers. It is best to entrust all these procedures to the employees of the relevant design and installation organization.

The arrangement of gas heating in a private house must be calculated down to the smallest detail. If the boiler is chosen too powerful, it will burn excess fuel. And if there is insufficient capacity, the unit will have to work at the limit of its capabilities, as a result of which it will fail prematurely.

The nuances of organizing gas heating for a cottage:

Principles of coolant circulation in the heating system of a private house:

Self-assembly of various heating systems for country cottages:

Only an experienced heating engineer can competently prepare calculations and diagrams for organizing gas heating for a private home. It is best to entrust the preparation of project documentation and its approval to professionals. But further installation of the heating system can be done independently. Here you will only need installation skills, as well as strict adherence to the instructions and the project.

Gas heating of a private house: schemes and methods of organization

How can you organize gas heating in a private house? What solutions exist for this? All possible wiring diagrams for gas boilers in a country house.

Do-it-yourself gas heating in a private house

Here you will learn:

The comfort in the house throughout the entire heating season - a whole six months of life - depends on the method and quality of heating. Affordable natural gas in this case becomes the optimal choice for a private home and country cottage. You can connect your home to gas by connecting to the main line, or using cylinders. Next, we will consider the pros and cons of the gas system.

Types of gas heating of a private house

To organize home heating, use main gas or bottled liquefied gas.

1. Main gas. The system is considered more environmentally friendly and functional. This type of heating allows you to build warm floors and so on in the room. A significant drawback is the mandatory approval of papers with official bodies. You will also need to install a boiler room and chimney. For mainline systems, stricter fire safety rules are required, and regular preventive maintenance is mandatory.
2. Bottled gas. Suitable for any type of boiler, even models originally designed for main systems. If you install a cylinder system, you will need single-circuit or double-circuit boilers of appropriate power. Most models are also capable of switching to liquefied gas; just replace the burner.

Advantages of gas heating

Mains gas is the most profitable fuel for heating a private home.

1. High efficiency and low cost of gas make gas heating the most profitable way to heat a private house or country cottage.
2. Modern gas boilers make it possible to heat large objects.
3. The automatic operation of the system ensures that even if the flame goes out, the sensor will work and start the ignition system. As a result, the user does not need to constantly monitor the boiler.
4. Double-circuit gas boilers combine two functions: to heat rooms and supply hot water.

Disadvantages of gas heating

A gas leak can lead to disastrous consequences. Be vigilant and install leak monitoring equipment.

1. It is necessary to install an automatic monitoring system for possible leaks. The system depends on the supply of electricity.
2. The atmospheric burner has an open flame. The security of such a device is a controversial issue for some users.
3. Using a gas boiler is not practical if the area of ​​the room is less than 100 square meters. Such an installation is not economically profitable and is considered less safe for the environment.
4. When installing a gas boiler, a chimney is also required to allow exhaust gases to be removed. In this case, the boiler room is installed in a separate room. Another condition is good ventilation and supply of fresh air to the room, and the presence of a separate exit to the street. The latter is mandatory for installations with a gas burner.
5. If the gas pressure drops or the burner is worn out, the efficiency decreases and soot may appear.
6. The gas boiler model should be chosen taking into account the climate. Since gas pressure in Russia can “jump” greatly, foreign devices simply cannot withstand the load. Therefore, the burner of an unadapted installation is capable of “burning itself out” when the pressure drops to the limit. Such equipment quickly breaks down.
7. The need to coordinate the design and installation with the Gaztekhnadzor service. To install a gas system, you will have to obtain permission and invite an inspector to sign documents and inspect it.

Heating diagram for a private house with a gas boiler

Heating systems come with natural and forced circulation. In the first option, the coolant circulates due to the difference in density of hot and cold water. In the second case, circulation is provided by a pump.

The main difference between systems with natural and forced circulation of coolant is the circulation pump.

The gas heating scheme in a private house also includes heating wiring, which is divided as follows:

A two-pipe heating system, although more difficult to design and install, is still preferable, since it heats all radiators equally.

1. Single-pipe. It is suitable for do-it-yourself heating equipment and is considered easier to implement. It is rarely used for private houses due to the temperature difference in the radiators located - in the first and last. The latter batteries are colder, since they receive already cooled liquid, which is why the rooms in a large private house warm up unevenly. This option is only suitable for small houses with a limited number of rooms.
2. Two-pipe, which requires a large number of components and consumables, is suitable for controlling the temperature in individual rooms. The heating of radiators in different rooms can be controlled using shut-off valves. The main advantage of this system is the batteries heat up evenly in all rooms. However, planning and installation are more complex and costly.

We calculate gas consumption for heating a house

For autonomous gas heating of a private house, gas consumption is calculated according to the following scheme. To obtain 1 kW of thermal energy, you need to consume 0.1 m³ of gas per hour. For a room of 200 m² you will need a boiler with a capacity of 20 kW. In this case, the consumption of such a boiler will be 20x0.1=2 m³/hour.

A standard heating season includes approximately two equal intervals: three very cold and three moderately cold months (rounded up to 100 days each). As a result, the system operates at full capacity for 100 days and the same at half load or less. So, the average gas consumption for the cold season will be: 20x0.1x24=48 m³, for the next period this figure will drop to 24 m³. As a result, the total consumption for the entire heating period will be (48x100)+(24x100)=7200 m³. Most often, the final numbers come with a good cape and turn out to be larger.

Design and installation of gas heating

One of the main requirements for a boiler room with a gas boiler is proper ventilation.

Before taking active steps, a special project is developed for the heating system, taking into account the characteristics of the house. If the installation of a heating system in a private house and minor work can be done independently, then design is the stage at which you should not save. Design will allow you to calculate the characteristics of the equipment, reduce the costs of consumables and materials, and calculate the final cost of work and installation. The project includes:

• sketch;
• feasibility study;
• drawing up installation diagrams;
• drawing up a working draft.

Actions by stages

The procedure is as follows:

1. Drawing up and approval of the project and constituent papers. The gas service gives the go-ahead for installation only after submitting a boiler house design, a contract with the installation team, also requires the conclusion of an agreement on the powers and responsibilities of the parties. Most often, gas workers are responsible for supplying gas, and the design, installation and service are carried out by the service organization.
2. Purchase of gas equipment, components and consumables. Although the project puts forward requirements for equipment, the price category is chosen by the buyer. Excessive savings may lead to additional expenses or repairs.
3. Insertion into a gas pipeline and connection of the house to the common line.
4. Installation and connection of the boiler to the system.
5. Supplying coolant to the system, performing test runs and checks.

Alternative to gas heating in a private home

A wood boiler is the best alternative to a gas boiler.

Gas stoves for heating a private home are leaders in this sector. Such a device can only be replaced by wood-burning stove heating or electrical equipment. The first option is forced, most often common in rural areas or in areas where there are no gas lines. The second is considered more expensive; electricity bills may well exceed the price of expensive gas equipment.

If you have the opportunity to install gas heating in a private home, we recommend choosing this option. The home owner installs expensive equipment once and saves significantly by using cheaper gas.

Gas heating of a private house with a gas boiler - diagram, video

Gas heating in your home: types of heating systems, advantages and disadvantages, heating scheme, cost calculation for the heating season, design and installation, alternative.

Gas heating of a private house

The heating system is one of the most important systems in any living space. The comfort of living in the house, as well as the safety of the residents, depends on the correct installation and choice.

The most popular type of heating is gas. It is common to use coal, electric boilers, as well as diesel or wood-burning systems. One of the main features of boiler classification is the number of circuits.

• single-circuit, are not equipped with a system for supplying hot water and are suitable only for providing heat;
• double-circuit ones are equipped with an independent DHW circuit and are able to provide running hot water.

Main steps for organizing gas heating

To create a gas heating system in a house, you will need to go through the following steps:

• draw up a project;
• buy the necessary consumables and equipment;
• install equipment;
• fill the system with coolant;
• carry out a test run under different pressures;
• put the system into operation.

The total price of the system and the effectiveness of its use are determined when drawing up the technical specifications. When designing, the customer’s wishes are taken into account, but the project is drawn up in accordance with the current construction regulations rules and regulations. At this stage, it is important to take into account and analyze all the details:

• boiler power;
• power of circulation pumps;
• parameters of heating radiators;
• installation of “warm floor”;
• the presence of swimming pools, taps, Jacuzzis, etc. in the house.

This way you can accurately determine load, which will affect the system during use.

Types of gas for heating a private home

To organize heating of private houses, you can use bottled liquefied gas or main gas.

Heating using gas cylinders

For heating rooms with balloons liquefied gas Almost any boilers are suitable, even those that were originally designed for mains gas.

Suitable for cylinder heating double-circuit and single-circuit boilers of various capacities with different characteristics. Most of them are perfectly adapted to use liquefied gas. You only need to change the burner if it is included in the kit, or buy a new one if it is not included in the kit.

When choosing a boiler, you should pay attention to models with minimum pressure, necessary for work. Here, the lower it is, the better. This will give an opportunity save as much as possible on gas use.

In addition, another important characteristic is the efficiency of the boiler. You need to choose a boiler with the highest Efficiency (90−95%). This indicator is more important when operating on liquefied gas than when operating from main gas, since it greatly affects the price, and therefore the feasibility of the system.

Heating from main gas

This system is more high environmental friendliness, which is important in our time. Owners of such a heating system can create warm floors and much more in the house.

As for the disadvantages of main gas heating, it is a necessity approval of all documentation, boiler room equipment, chimney installation, etc. When operating such a system, you must strictly adhere to fire safety rules, keeping in mind the need for systematic prevention.

Approximate calculation of gas consumption

To provide 1 kW of thermal energy, 0.1 m 3 of gas per hour is required. To heat the room in 200 m 2 you will need a boiler with a container 20 kW. The full power mode of such a boiler consumes: 20×0.1= 2 m3/hour.

So, we divide the heating season into two conditional stages: 3 very cold months and 3 cold ones. For ease of calculation, we round the number of days of each period to 100. So for 100 days the boiler will operate at full capacity and the same amount at half its power or even a quarter. The average daily gas consumption for the first period will be: 20×0.1×24=48 m3, and in the second 24 m3

Let's calculate the total consumption for the season: 48×100)+(24×100)=7200 m 3.

Often the actual consumption is less than what is stated, since in recent years the winters are no longer as severe as before and do not require full power boiler operation. The most profitable heating option is to connect to a natural gas pipeline. But remember that we use gas for both cooking and heating water, so the resulting figure must be adjusted depending on the case and the needs of the residents.

Design and installation of a gas heating system

The installation of this system cannot always be done independently, because such work must be carried out by services from special permission and a certificate.

The latter confirms their right to carry out such work. For this reason, you can only prepare everything for yourself equipment installation.

Entrust the installation of the boiler to specialists. They will quickly and correctly compose system project.

It includes a whole package of documents:

• hydraulic and thermal calculation of the system;
• heating circuit with radiators;
• Hardware Specification;
• final estimate.

Only after all the necessary approvals and approvals have been received can you purchase materials and equipment.

Installation takes place in several stages. First you need to install boiler equipment. Then comes the installation of the main line, as well as heating risers. An important step is installation of control equipment and control automation. Finally, commissioning and testing of the system in different modes is carried out.

Heating system diagram

The heating system circuit includes a heat source from which the liquid that transfers heat first goes through pipes to the radiators through the collector, and then, when cooled, goes back to the boiler. Liquid constantly is under pressure. Forced circulation is used here. In addition, you can additionally install air vents, temperature and flow sensors, shut-off valves, and thermal heads. Automation will help regulate temperature.

You can design the system for natural circulation, but then you need to include an expansion tank in the design at the highest point of the building. Here you can save on expensive pumps, temperature sensors and air vents.

There are two types of heating wiring:

1. Radial. This wiring is more expensive due to the larger size of the pipeline, but it is more mobile and efficient. It is easier to repair during the heating season.
2. Tee. This wiring is cheaper due to the smaller number of pipes, but does not provide such opportunities for adjusting the temperature in different rooms as the previous one.

The number of radiators is determined based on hydraulic and thermal calculations. This is the most accurate method from an economic and technical point of view.

There is no need to rely on the advice of ignorant sellers or people on the street: the number of sections is not selected solely on the basis of the area of ​​the room.

Heating equipment connected to main gas requires minimal maintenance, By the way, it is easy to implement on your own. And in order not to have to deal with the installation of a chimney, you can install a boiler with closed combustion chamber.

If by the end of the construction of the house there is still no gas main, then you can buy a boiler that can operate on two types of fuel. After the highway is completed, the transition to more economical natural gas will not require large financial costs and a lot of time.

Gas heating: Organization of a gas heating system in a private house

Heating a private house with gas, types of boilers and types of gas. Gas consumption calculations and gas heating system design.

Homeowners in urban high-rise buildings are accustomed to the relative convenience of central heating, since they do not have to think about maintaining it, starting it up, or turning it off. However, in recent years, more and more residents have been inclined to install their own autonomous heating in an apartment in a multi-storey building, as they are faced with many problems caused by the insufficiently efficient and conscientious work of housing and communal services. Thus, the coolant temperature set in the central boiler room is not always satisfactory. For example, it’s quite warm outside, and the radiators are so hot that you have to open all the windows wide. Or, on the contrary, the radiators are lukewarm, but suddenly bitter frosts have set in outside the window.

Another important point is the dependence of heating on emergency situations throughout the entire system, right down to the boiler room and heating mains. Thus, a pipe break in one of the sections of the heat supply main deprives several houses of heating at once. This moment is especially unpleasant during the peak of winter cold.

The inconvenience of central heating also manifests itself in the off-season - in the autumn and spring, when the heating has already been turned off or has not yet been started, and it is cold in the apartment. In such cases, you have to use electric heaters and pay considerable amounts for electricity.

Those who have decided to take control of the heating supply of their home by arranging individual heating, as a rule, have a lot of questions. Therefore, further we will consider various nuances associated with such a transition.

Advantages and disadvantages of individual apartment heating

Before proceeding directly to action, you need to find out what advantages autonomous heating provides its owners. But no less valuable is information about what difficulties will be encountered during its arrangement and operation.

So, having a heating system in the apartment that is independent of the heat supply main provides the following advantages:

• The ability to create comfortable conditions in the apartment at any time of the year, regardless of the overall operation of the general heating system. An urgent need for this arises in the off-season, since in spring and autumn day and night temperatures differ significantly from each other. And summer, as we know, can bring “surprises”. The central heating system is turned on according to a standard schedule. There are also emergency starts, but this always takes several days (to analyze the situation and put it into operation), during which residents may experience significant discomfort.

• The ability to set the most comfortable temperature in the apartment during the cold season. Everyone knows that apartments located at the end of the house are colder than those located between several apartments. Therefore, the requirements for the temperature of the coolant in the system will be different. However, utility services do not always take these factors into account, charging the same amount of payment for heating, focusing only on the area of ​​housing.

It is impossible not to take into account the personal needs for warmth of each person, since one individual likes it warmer, while for another such a microclimate in the apartment seems unacceptably hot.

• An autonomous heating system can be easily configured to the desired operating mode. For example, if homeowners are away from home all day, then there is no need to “drive” the heating system in vain. You can set it to the minimum required heating, and when you get home, you can increase the temperature of the coolant.

Many modern heating boilers are equipped with programming systems for operating modes, which can be set according to the daily routine of the owners, and according to the alternation of weekends and workdays. For example, when the owners arrive from work or study, the system will automatically bring the temperature in the rooms to the most comfortable level.

Many modern heating boilers are equipped with control units connected to GSM or IP communication channels. Thanks to this, they can be controlled remotely and remotely using a phone or computer.

• Heating bills will be significantly reduced due to lower energy consumption, since modern boilers, both gas and electric, are configured for minimal energy consumption and its most efficient use - they have high efficiency, reaching up to 95÷100%.
• By choosing a unit with two circuits for installation, it is quite possible to refuse not only central heating, but also hot water supply. Thanks to this, there will always be hot water in the apartment, regardless of whether maintenance work is carried out on the heating network in the summer or not.
• Another important cost saving factor is that payment for heating will be made only in the winter, when the system is actually in use. The fact is that you will only have to pay according to the electric or gas meter (depending on the choice of boiler). It becomes possible to clearly personally control the consumption of resources. You usually have to pay for central heating all year round.

However, in order to transfer the apartment to autonomous heating and hot water supply, you will have to go through quite a lot of bureaucratic formalities. These can be considered the main disadvantages of such a reorganization.

• All work carried out must be coordinated with the relevant organizations and carried out according to established rules. Unauthorized reconstruction will not remove the obligation to pay the costs for the central heating services provided, and also threatens the imposition of a large fine on the homeowner.
• Preparation of documents both for disconnecting central communications and for drawing up a project, as well as installing autonomous equipment, will require a lot of time, patience and money.
• If you plan to use a gas boiler for heating, then the room where it will be installed must be equipped with an effective ventilation system, as well as a chimney.

• Installation work on the installation of a gas boiler must be carried out by qualified specialists from the relevant organization. Therefore, it will not be possible to implement them on your own - and this also entails additional costs.
• In addition to the costs of installation work, reconstruction will require considerable costs both for the preparation of documentation and the purchase of all necessary equipment.
• Responsibility for the safe operation of autonomous heating, as well as for carrying out preventive maintenance, rests with homeowners. Monitoring the implementation of all these regulations is carried out by specialists from relevant organizations. The owner of the apartment will be obliged to provide unhindered access to the heating equipment.

Despite all the difficulties with the design and installation of an autonomous system, as well as one-time rather large costs, the benefits of this heating system are obvious. Over many years of operation, these investments will certainly pay off. or even several times. And the apartment will always maintain the most favorable microclimate for the owners.

Documents required for switching to autonomous heating

The first thing that needs to be taken into account when starting a reconstruction is the timing of documentation. Therefore, if you plan to receive heat from an individual heating boiler next winter, then the process must begin in advance. Thus, practice shows that permitting documents are drawn up and “wander through the authorities” within three to five months. Installation work can begin only after receiving all permits, and it will take several days.

Coordination and obtaining permits

This entire lengthy process must begin by clarifying the list of documents required for drawing up a project, purchasing and installing equipment. There is a list of documentation approved by Art. 26 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation “Grounds for the reconstruction and (or) redevelopment of residential premises.” This document is taken as a basis, since when installing a heating boiler, as a rule, some redevelopment is required.

Redevelopment of apartments in multi-storey buildings must be carried out in accordance with established requirements and in agreement with local authorities. To obtain approval, a package consisting of the following documents is collected:

• Application for redevelopment of residential premises. The standard form of this application has been approved by the Government of the Russian Federation.
• A notarized copy of the certificate of ownership of housing - an agreement on the transfer of ownership or the right of inheritance.
• Also a photocopy of the technical passport of the apartment certified by a state notary.
• A draft housing redevelopment project has been drawn up.
• A copy of the document indicating all the residents registered in this apartment.
• Consent for redevelopment of the premises. This document is a list of all adult residents of the apartment, indicating their full name and year of birth. Each of them must put a personal signature opposite their name, which confirms their consent. The document is drawn up on one sheet.
• If the building in which the apartment is located is classified as an architectural monument, then permission from the organization involved in the protection of cultural heritage will be required.

When submitting the collected package to local authorities, the apartment owner should know that they have no right to demand from him additional documents that are not provided for in the above article. Having submitted the package for approval, in return the apartment owner must receive a receipt listing all the documents contained in it.

Next, the self-government organization, after appropriate verification and approval, sends the package to the administration of the city or administrative district, where the documents are approved. In this case, it is necessary to know the time frame within which the applicant must be provided with a reasoned response.

Consideration of the application and a verdict on permission or refusal must be given no later than one and a half months (45 days) from the date of submission of the documentation. And the applicant must receive his copy of the conclusion made by the commission no later than three days after the decision is made.

A ban on housing redevelopment may be due to deterioration in the living conditions of other residents of the house or apartment. This point is indicated in the norms and rules for the technical operation of housing, approved by the State Construction Committee of Russia No. 170 dated September 27, 2003.

As indicated in the list of documents, it includes a project for redevelopment of residential premises. Before a project is drawn up, it is necessary to obtain permission from the gas and heat supply control organizations to disconnect from central communication systems and install autonomous gas equipment. If permission is received, a project will be drawn up to renovate the premises and install an autonomous heating system. The finished project is agreed upon with the relevant organizations.

All of the above documents, except the project itself, must be prepared in advance, since they will need to be presented to all authorities influencing the preparation of the project.

Documentation is prepared in the following order:

• The first step will be to visit city or regional heating networks. This organization must obtain permission to disconnect the apartment from central heating. A permit can be obtained if disconnecting communications from a specific apartment does not disrupt the operation of the engineering equipment of the entire building or the apartments located next to it. There cannot be any other justification for refusal.

In some cases, an application for disconnection from the heating network is submitted through the housing management.

If an unreasonable refusal is received from the heat supply organization, then with this document it is worth contacting the courts to resolve this conflict.

• Having received a positive conclusion from the heating networks, you can take it to the gas service of the city or region. There you need to obtain technical conditions for installing autonomous equipment. This document must be completed within ten calendar days from the date of submission of the application.
• When both permits have been received, you can go to the design department of the energy company or to another design organization authorized to deal with residential buildings. If the heating boiler was purchased in advance, then its passport with technical characteristics should be attached to the general package. The project will take into account all the presented data, including technical conditions for organizing autonomous heating.

To become familiar with the requirements imposed by regulatory organizations when issuing permits, it is necessary to study the document SNiP41-01-2003 “Heating, ventilation and air conditioning”, clause 6.2 “Apartment heat supply systems”.

If there is no opportunity or desire to independently resolve permitting problems with design organizations, then their registration can be entrusted to a design company. In some regions of the Russian Federation, one of the gas service departments is involved in this process. These additional services, of course, are provided for a fee.

Drafting

The reconstruction project is drawn up according to the submitted documentation. Therefore, before transferring the package to the design organization, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with the technical conditions obtained in the gas industry. Taking them into account, you need to independently draw up a sketch of the desired (from the owner’s point of view) location of the heating equipment.

However, it is necessary to correctly imagine the situation - specialists will be able to determine the exact location where the boiler will be installed after they have studied the floor plan of the apartment.

The project is the main document according to which the reconstruction of the premises will be carried out, and then the installation of heating equipment. Therefore, the efficiency of the system and the ease of use will depend on how correctly it is developed.

The project includes a considerable amount of information that describes the characteristics of the heating system being created:

• Climatic conditions of the region in which the house is located.
• Basic technical and operational characteristics of the building.
• Energy carriers that can be used for the operation of autonomous heating.
• Characteristics of the heated premises of the apartment - their area and volume, the number of rooms, the location of the loggias.
• Financial aspects of the issue.

Based on the collected and systematized information, the location of the boiler, its recommended type, as well as the required thermal power are determined.

Specialists from design or energy companies will make accurate calculations, making the heating system not only efficient, but also as economical as possible. If the organizations that will subsequently approve the documentation are themselves developing projects, then it is best to take advantage of this opportunity and entrust its development to them. In this case, there will be no likelihood that the document will contain serious errors or omissions.

However, no matter who is entrusted with the task of drawing up the project, the customer must actively interact with its developers. This is due to the fact that during the work process several redevelopment options are often considered. These options are presented to the customer for consideration, and he then chooses the most optimal one from the point of view of the apartment owner. The parameters of the heating device, as well as the range of parts, materials and components necessary for installing the system, often depend on this choice.

The project is being developed in stages:

• The first step is to review the equipment layout sketch provided by the customer. If the apartment owner has not developed his own version, then it is best to draw up a sketch together with a design specialist.
• Next, the routes for laying the heating circuit are considered and determined. If you plan to leave the old circuit without replacement, only with the necessary modifications, you must warn the developer about this in advance.
• The next step is to prepare documentation on the main components and devices of the heating system.
• An estimate is drawn up.

Specialists responsible for one or another area of ​​operation of the heating system will necessarily take part in the preparation of the project - this is heat supply, ventilation, energy supply, and, if necessary, architecture.

As a result, the documentation will consist of several parts, each of which defines different aspects of the project:

• Descriptive part. It provides information about the meaning and content of the project. This section consists of several subparagraphs:

— location of the apartment in the structure of the house;

— features of the apartment layout and location of living rooms.

This section specifies where the apartment is located - in the middle part of the building or at its end, and indicates regional climate features. This information is necessary to determine the type and optimal power of heating equipment, including the boiler itself, radiators or other heat exchange devices.

• Technological calculations are the main part of the project. This section determines the volume of coolant required for the operation of the heating unit in different modes. In addition, the optimal heating temperature is indicated, which will ensure comfortable conditions in all rooms of the apartment.

Based on the calculated parameters, the power of the boiler for heating is selected (usually a double-circuit one, that is, immediately and to solve the problem of autonomous hot water supply).

This part also determines possible heat losses when heating rooms. And based on the obtained indicators, conclusions are drawn about the efficiency of the heating system.

All calculated data are reflected in a graphical diagram, which is also included in this part of the project. This document will become a guide for installers during the practical implementation of the project. By the way, all specified parameters must be strictly observed during installation work. Otherwise, the commission accepting the system into operation may simply not allow it to be launched.

• Specification. This part of the project provides information about all the necessary components and materials intended for installation of the heating system. This section may also include a drawing diagram, which indicates the location of devices and connecting nodes.

This information is used when purchasing everything necessary to assemble a heating system, and then when installing it.

• Lately, the project is often supplemented with a graphic representation of what should happen in the end. This part of the project helps to visualize what the heating system will look like after it is installed. The image is performed using computer programs, usually in three-dimensional projection.

When submitting an application for the preparation of project documentation, it is necessary to clarify the reasons for the transition to individual heating. This is necessary so that specialists know what to focus on when working on a project.

After the project is ready, a copy of it must be sent to the company that will monitor the subsequent operation of the equipment.

You might be interested in information about what it is

Equipment for autonomous heating of an apartment

Another question that necessarily arises before the owner of an apartment who decides to switch it to autonomous heating is the choice of boiler based on the power source. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 307, paragraph 44 of April 16, 2012, which refers to heat supply systems, identifies devices that do not meet established safety requirements. Therefore, the units included in the list of this document are prohibited for installation in apartments located in multi-storey buildings.

Simply put, in this case, only one of two options can be chosen - an electric boiler or a gas-fired one. Which one is better suited for apartment conditions, more economical and safe?

To answer these questions, we can briefly consider their characteristic features.

A gas boiler

Gas boilers are often used for autonomous apartment heating. However, when choosing a unit, you need to know that it must meet certain requirements. These conditions are defined to maintain the safety as well as the efficient functioning of the system.

These requirements include the design features of the unit:

• The boiler must have a sealed (closed) combustion chamber.
• Automatic shutdown of the gas supply must be provided in the following cases:

— when the burner flame goes out;

— in case of malfunctions in the protection circuit;

— during a power outage;

— when the supply gas pressure drops below the limit value:

— when the coolant overheats above the established norm;

- if there are faults in the chimney system.

• The permissible heating temperature of the coolant should be no higher than 95 degrees.
• The coolant pressure in the system should not exceed 1 MPa.

In addition, gas boilers are divided into single- and double-circuit, for example. As mentioned above, the first ones are designed only for heating an apartment, and the second ones are designed for both heating rooms and heating hot water for domestic needs. Naturally, thrifty owners most often prefer the second option.

When submitting an application for disconnection from the heating network, it is necessary to indicate the type of device. This is due to the fact that consent must be obtained from heating networks to disconnect not only from the central heating main, but also from the hot water supply.

Another important factor is the choice of boiler type according to location, since they can be floor-mounted or wall-mounted. Due to the small areas of most city apartments, preference is most often given to wall-mounted options, since boiler equipment is installed in kitchens or on an insulated loggia.

Wall-mounted boilers have quite compact dimensions and a neat external design. They are practically no different in appearance from ordinary geysers. The chimney pipe from the gas heating unit is led out into the street through the outer wall of the house, so this particular wall or one adjacent to it is chosen for its placement. The window next to which the boiler is hung often immediately solves the issue of room ventilation.

The wall-mounted boiler has sufficient power to heat a standard-sized apartment.

If funds allow, then preference should be given to a condensing boiler. It is more efficient and economical to operate - it implements additional thermal power extraction due to the condensation of water vapor contained in the combustion products of natural gas. The gain in useful power compared to a conventional boiler with equal consumption of “blue fuel” is 10 percent or more.

Gas boilers for heating and hot water supply – which one to choose?

The wide variety of gas boilers on sale can, to a certain extent, play a “wicked joke” on the consumer - significantly complicate the choice of a suitable model. What parameters should you pay special attention to, which models should you give preference to? All this will be discussed in a separate publication on our portal.

Arranging a room for installing a gas boiler

Separately, it is necessary to mention the premises of the apartment where it is planned to install gas equipment. The safety of the residents of the entire house will depend on its proper arrangement.

To place a gas boiler, you cannot choose an arbitrary room in the apartment, guided by some of your own interests. The premises must meet certain requirements, the list of which includes the following:

• The equipment cannot be installed in any of the living rooms of the apartment.
• The area of ​​the room must be at least 4 m².
• The entrance door to the room cannot be less than 800 mm wide.
• The room must have a window facing the street.
• The unit is hung on the wall or installed on the floor, at a distance of at least 300 mm from another gas-powered appliance, for example, from a kitchen stove.
• It is not allowed to connect the chimney of a gas boiler, as well as the water heaters, to the general house ventilation system. The pipe must be led outside through an external wall. The most convenient way in this regard is to use coaxial chimneys with forced air injection and exhaust of combustion products.
• Some gas boilers with high power require the installation of forced ventilation in the room, that is, equipped with an exhaust fan. If the technical conditions for arranging a room for the installation of a specific boiler model indicate such a requirement, then you will have to install a fan of the appropriate capacity into the window.
• A wall-mounted boiler can only be installed on a wall made of non-combustible material. The floor area under the floor-standing version of the device is usually covered with ceramic tiles.

If at least one of the requirements cannot be met, the commission that accepts the gas equipment will not sign the act of permission to put it into operation.

Based on the list of requirements, we can come to the conclusion that the gas boiler can be installed in the kitchen area or in the associated loggia. The loggia must be well insulated in advance. These rooms are most suitable for installing gas equipment, since the gas supply riser is traditionally located in the kitchen.

The kitchen area of ​​the apartment must have a window facing the street, as well as a doorway of the required width. In addition, general house ventilation ducts pass through the kitchen, which are also necessary when arranging the room as a “mini-boiler room”.

Gas boiler prices

a gas boiler

Electric heating of the apartment

Unlike gas equipment, the electric heating option is much easier to install, since there are much more places where, for example, the same boiler can be hung on the wall.

The main thing that needs to be taken into account when choosing an area for installing equipment is the possibility of connecting a heating circuit to it, as well as supplying a power supply line of the required power. There is no need for a ventilation system or pipes for removing combustion products.

If you decide to choose an electric heating option, then before starting to implement your plan, you must contact the energy company with a request to check the availability of free energy resources in the house. This organization must give written permission to connect devices of the required power and apply to disconnect the apartment from the central heating and hot water supply. The homeowner must submit this application to the heating network, and a copy of it is attached to the general package of documents.

The list of other documentation for the transition to electric heating will have to be clarified with the energy company, as well as with the self-government organization. Administrative regions of Russia may have their own requirements for the use of electricity for heating.

In any case, to install electric heating equipment, the number of documents that will have to be collected will be much less than when choosing a gas boiler.

Heating an apartment with electricity can be implemented in different ways, which allows you to choose the best option for a particular case:

• Installation of an electric boiler connected to a classic heating circuit with coolant circulating in it.
• Direct heating from separately installed electrical convectors
• Permanently installed or mobile infrared heaters or fan heaters.
• “Heated floor” system using a heating cable or infrared film.
• Several different electrical appliances used in a complex.

You may be interested in information about what characteristics they have.

Heating using an electric boiler

If it is intended to leave the heating circuit in its original state, only disconnecting it from the central heating, then it is connected to an electric boiler. Passing through the heat exchanger of the electric unit, the coolant heats up and enters a closed heating circuit. Then, having passed the circle and cooled down, it returns again to heat up. To make the coolant circulation more intense and controlled, a special circulation pump is built into the system.

Modern electric boilers are equipped with automatic control. Thanks to such systems, the boiler can be programmed not only for a specific coolant temperature, but also for a specific operating mode by hour and day of the week. That is, the device will not function constantly, but at a time and with the heat output that is beneficial to the homeowners.

Specialized stores offer wall-mounted models of electric boilers with a power of 5 to 60 kW, as well as floor-standing options with much greater power of 60 kW or more.

Manufacturing specialists will help you determine which power model to choose when drawing up a project. The choice of unit will depend on the characteristics of the heated apartment, its area, the number of windows and balconies, the type of window frames installed, etc. An approximate guideline when choosing the power of a heating boiler is 1 kW per 10 m² of apartment area, although one can argue with this.

If to heat your home you need to install a boiler with a power of 9 kW or higher, you will have to re-equip the apartment’s electrical network - install a three-phase line and install a three-phase meter. A unit with a higher power can only be installed with the permission of the energy company servicing the house. But, as a rule, since we are talking about an ordinary apartment, single-phase units with a power of up to 9 kW are more than enough.

You might be interested in information on how to choose

An electric boiler can be installed in the kitchen, bathroom, one of the utility rooms or in the hallway. And all the necessary communications (pipes and cables) can be placed hidden - hidden in the wall or under the floor surface.

By the way, electric boilers can be even miniature. Electrode-type units, for example, are compact. That is, finding the optimal place for them will be even easier. You might be interested in information about how we have proven ourselves

A lot can be said about electric boilers, since they are represented by several types, differing even in the principle of converting electrical energy into heat. But it’s better to read about this in a separate detailed publication.

What is an electric boiler and how to choose one?

These units attract with their compactness, ease of installation and management, and high performance indicators. A special article on our portal will help you understand the variety and even independently calculate its required power.

Priceselectric boiler

electric boiler

Heating the apartment using the principle of direct heating with electrical appliances

This heating option can include heating from separately located electric heaters or a “warm floor” system. They can also be used in combination.

This heating option is chosen in cases where you want to get rid of the heating circuit pipeline, as well as radiators, which, in the opinion of the owners, spoil the interior of the premises.

In addition to convectors, the rooms can be equipped with a cable or film infrared “warm floor” system. The simplest and most affordable, both in price and in terms of installation complexity, is the film option. It can be arranged under regular linoleum or laminate and does not require hiding with a screed.

When using two different types of heating devices for heating, for ease of control they can be combined into one system by connecting to a common monitoring and control unit. Using automation, temperature conditions can be set for different times of the day, as well as by day of the week. If you don’t want to complicate the heating settings, then the system can be adjusted manually by setting the desired temperature directly on the convectors or on the “warm floor” thermostat. This option is convenient because you can set different temperatures in each room.

You may be interested in information about how

* * * * * * *

Let's summarize the results of electric autonomous heating of the apartment.

If electricity is chosen as the energy source, then to ensure safety it is necessary to install a grounding loop. Without its installation, the commission may not issue permission to operate autonomous heating.

Electric heating, unlike gas heating, is safer. When compared to central heating, it also benefits in that you can precisely set the desired temperature, and you only pay when you actually use it.

The disadvantage of heating from electricity is that if the electricity is turned off for any reason, the apartment will be left not only without light, but also without heat. And if in the area where the apartment is located, blackouts are a constant occurrence, then it is better to give preference to gas equipment.

In addition, electric heating is still a very “expensive pleasure”, especially since the upward trend in electricity tariffs looks depressingly stable.

But if you still choose the electric option, then you should listen to the recommendations of experts:

• For heating from electricity, it is necessary to stretch a dedicated power cable from the distribution panel.
• For autonomous electric heating, it is necessary to install a residual current device (RCD) or a differential circuit breaker. They are designed to protect against damage due to current leakage onto the housing of electrical appliances. This is especially true if the circuit is assembled from metal pipes.
• To save as much as possible on electricity consumption when using it at night preferential hours or at weekend tariffs, it is recommended to install a multi-tariff meter.

Some nuances of installation work on installing an autonomous apartment heating system

All work related to the reconstruction of the heating system in the apartment is carried out only by specialists from companies providing heat supply to the housing stock. The task of the masters will be the following:

• Temporary shutdown of home central heating lines.
• Trimming the heating circuit or heating radiators from risers and then restoring the integrity of these risers.
• Connecting a closed circuit of an apartment to a gas or electric heating device.
• Testing the installed system.

These rules are in place to ensure safety for both the owners of a particular apartment and the residents of the entire building.

You can install pipes and install heating radiators yourself (with your own hands or with the invitation of experienced plumbers) if you plan to completely change the circuit. This is usually done after cutting off the radiators in the rooms from the risers. It is worth taking on such work if you have good skills in carrying out plumbing installation operations. In this case, the assembly of the new heating circuit is carried out strictly according to the diagram attached to the design documents, with strict adherence to the specifications and all other parameters of the system being created.

* * * * * * *

Before you decide to reconstruct the heating and hot water supply in your apartment, abandoning the services of centralized heating in favor of autonomous heating, you need to carefully consider all the points. In addition, it is recommended to calculate the costs of installation and savings opportunities when operating an autonomous system. After weighing all the pros & contras, you can make a final decision.

By the way, we should not forget that, unfortunately, you will still have to pay for communal heating. True, these amounts will be incomparably small compared to those that previously came monthly and year-round.

You might be interested in information about what it is

Finally, a video in which the owner of the apartment, who has been using an autonomous gas heating system for many years, shares his vision of its advantages and disadvantages.

Video: Autonomous heating in an apartment - “pros” and “cons”

Evgeniy AfanasyevChief Editor

Author of the publication 19.08.2018

In order for it to be safe and comfortable to live in a private house, the owner must take the trouble to install a good heating system. There are several ways to keep your home warm, but the most popular is gas heating.

Today we’ll look at this topic in more detail, let’s look at the disadvantages and advantages of gas heating, how to choose a gas boiler, and find out what heating options exist using this method.

The advantages of heating a house with gas are:

1. The price of the gas itself. It is the most adequate based on labor costs for heating.
2. Low losses. Gas heating guarantees that 80-90% of the heat it generates will be used to heat your home, and will not be wasted.
3. Despite the small size of the equipment, it is capable of heating large rooms.
4. The unit is silent and does not require special care. The system is autonomous and can maintain the required temperature itself, so you don’t have to constantly monitor it.
5. There is no dirt from the gas boiler.
6. Double-circuit gas boilers not only heat the house, but also supply hot water.
7. Gas holders containing gas are considered safe for humans.

As you can see, purchasing such a heating system is quite profitable. But we must not forget about the disadvantages that any type of heating has.

Perhaps, when purchasing a boiler, you should not forget that:

1. System autonomy is often ensured by electricity. Therefore, in case of interruptions or malfunctions, the operation of the boiler will stop and fail. Electricity creates the traction necessary for closed sediments and is responsible for water circulation. If it is turned off, for example, in winter, then there is a high probability of stagnation.
2. The autonomy of the system is purchased at a considerable cost, which can reach several hundred thousand.
3. The room must be ventilated and have a chimney. This is necessary to remove exhaust gases. Applies more to open-type gas units
4. When purchasing gas heating, you need to adhere to the climate of your area. Boilers of European brands will not survive severe frosts, since they are not designed for sudden changes in Russian temperatures.
5. Burner wear reduces the efficiency of a gas boiler. But this is not a minus, but rather something to keep in mind.

Calculation of gas consumption for heating a house

Now let’s calculate whether it is profitable to install gas heating in a private house. To do this, let’s calculate how many liters are spent on heating.

To calculate the gas consumed, it is necessary to multiply the amount of kW needed to heat the house by one tenth of the volume of gas. Then you will be able to find out how many cubic meters of gas are consumed in one hour.

For example, we have a house with an area of ​​250 square meters. Then a 25 kW boiler is needed to heat the house. Then:

25 kV * 0.1 m 3 = 2.5 m 3 / h.

This means that the following is consumed per day:

2.5 m3/h * 24 h = 60 m3

For a month (we take 30 days):

60 m 3 * 30 d = 1800 m 3

They calculate a year like this: choose three cold months and add three more months to them, during which the boiler will work at half power. For convenience, take 100 days in the first and 100 days in the second case. Then for a year it turns out:

(60 m 3 * 100 d) + (30 m 3 * 100 d) = 9000 m 3

For houses with a smaller area, this figure is, of course, less. Moreover, what comes out mathematically does not always correspond to practice. Usually the real figure is less than the stated one.

When calculating, only heating is taken into account.

Simple manipulations will help reduce the amount of heat loss and gas consumption:

1. It is necessary to pay attention to the thermal insulation of the house. This also applies to the roof.
2. Replace, if necessary, the windows with plastic ones and replace the doors.
3. Install a heat accumulator, heating radiators, that is, equipment that allows you to use heat economically.
4. Insulate the floors.

Selection and types of gas boilers

You should know that. Each type has its own right to exist and will provide good gas heating for a private home.

Single-circuit and double-circuit boilers

Single-circuit boilers They are intended exclusively for heating and do not perform any other functions. Purchased if you do not need to heat hot water directly from a gas boiler.

Such boilers work directly on the heating system. They can also be used to heat an indirect heating boiler, which in turn is used to provide the house with hot water

Double-circuit gas boilers Ideal for both space heating and water heating. It should be noted that double-circuit boilers are not always effective for heating water. Usually only enough for one active point. If, for example, you go to the shower and someone decides to wash the dishes, then you will already take a cold shower. You should take this into account when purchasing.

Wall and floor boilers

Wall-mounted boilers are safe and automated, but often operate only on one type of gas - natural. (There are models in which you can change the burner and they will also work on liquefied gas). They can be installed in kitchens, since it is smaller in size compared to floor-mounted ones.

The power of wall-mounted boilers is often limited to 35-40 kW. Therefore, if you want to install gas heating in a large house, you will have to either install two wall-mounted boilers in cascade mode, or install a floor-standing boiler.

Floor-standing boilers can heat large rooms, as they have greater power. They are universal in terms of fuel consumption: natural, liquefied, and main gas are suitable. They can be energy-dependent and independent. Often a cast iron heat exchanger is used. Due to their design, they have an efficiency lower than that of a wall-mounted one, but at the same time a longer service life.

Gas heating options

While reading the article, you probably noticed references to liquefied and main gases. A reasonable question arises: how do they differ? Is it more profitable to heat a private house using a main line or cylinders? Let's figure it out now.

Types of gas heating:

1. Trunk. The most environmentally friendly. It consists primarily of methane, which is purified from various impurities, leaving a tiny amount of odorant that allows people to detect gas leaks. However, installing it is not without headaches. You will need to coordinate documents with official authorities, you will need to worry about sufficient pressure in the pipes, and the wiring itself is a rather complicated undertaking.
2. Liquefied. The same gas in bright red cylinders in which the familiar propane-butane mixture is stored. But they will not interfere if you install an underground tank in which the cylinders can be safely stored. It needs to be replenished once or twice a year. Suitable for any boilers.

As you can see, liquefied gas is more profitable than main gas, but it is important to remember that about 50 liters of gas fit into one cylinder. One such cylinder is changed every two to three days. While the main one flows through pipes to your apartments. And gas tanks, in which gas is stored in cylinders, are filled with a special machine. This fact is taken into account in winter. The storage area must be cleared of snow.

Alternative methods of heating a private house

Gas is not the only heat source that can heat your home. There is also indoors. But are they so beneficial compared to the gas system?

Methods of alternative heating of a private house:

1. Electricity. The most common and accessible source of energy, however, it is almost the most expensive. It may simply not be enough to heat a private home, since not every electrical network will be able to transfer the amount of energy required for heating. Problems cannot be ruled out in the winter. Not the most economical and practical option.
2. Diesel. Diesel fuel has a high price. It tolerates a very unpleasant aroma, which cannot be removed by anything, either at home or on the street. And if you take diesel fuel of insufficiently high quality, the heating system may break down. Not the best option.
3. Solid fuels. Coal and wood. They must be supplied to the heating system two to four times a day. Every day it is necessary to remove ash from the heating system. Naturally, heating a house will require a considerable amount of fuel of this kind per year. This requires large amounts of money. You should have a separate warehouse for them; in addition, they are dangerous, as they can emit carbon monoxide. In this regard, gas installations are more economical and safer.
4. Pellets. These are special granules that are made from peat and wood waste. Its disadvantages are similar to the negative sides of coal and firewood: you need a room to store a large number of pellets, they do not smell very good and they often need to be loaded into the heating system. The difference is that they are cheaper than all the types of fuel listed above, except gas. And they need to be loaded less often than firewood or coal: no more than once a week. Not a bad option.

Obviously, gas heating wins in many respects: efficiency, ease of operation, minimal heat loss, low cost of the fuel itself. Therefore, if you decide to install a good heating system, then opt for a system with gas heating of the coolant.

Useful videos on the topic

Which boiler is better: single-circuit or double-circuit?

Which boiler to choose: wall-mounted or floor-standing?

The most economical heating resource today is natural gas. In addition, it is the most affordable. That is why the most optimal option for installing a heating system in a private house is gas heating of a private house. Even if the energy supply is not possible, there are alternative options (gas cylinders, gas holder).

Gas is the most popular heating resource

And if there is a gas main in the area, then the installation of gas heating for a private house is greatly simplified. There are several optimal schemes for heating private houses with gas. One of the excellent options for permanent use in a private home is a gas boiler.

How to choose a gas boiler

Gas boilers differ depending on different indicators. By power they are: low power (up to 65 kW), medium (up to 1700 kW) and high power (up to 15000 kW). Low and medium power are perfect for heating a residential private house. High power boilers are usually used in industrial facilities.

In terms of functionality, gas boilers can be single-circuit or double-circuit.

Single-circuit boilers are intended only for use in heating systems. Double-circuit boilers are also designed to heat water in CO and the needs of residents. Double-circuit boilers can be of the flow-through type. Such boilers are used only when the volume of hot water consumed is insignificant. Double-circuit boilers with a built-in boiler provide full heating in a private house with gas and a supply of hot water. There are also boilers for maintaining the temperature of water in swimming pools, etc. (in this case, these are specialized solutions).

Diagram of a double-circuit gas boiler

Burners in gas boilers can be atmospheric or ventilated. Atmospheric burners are the most common option for heating private homes. Ventilation burners are usually used in industrial facilities.

According to the type of draft, boilers are available with natural draft (there must be a chimney) and with forced draft (gases are removed using a fan).

Depending on the installation method, boilers used in the gas heating system of a private home can be floor-mounted or wall-mounted. Floor-standing boilers have higher power and are larger in size. They are also more durable and their cost is slightly higher. Wall-mounted gas boilers are relatively inexpensive appliances; they are compact and have lower power. Also, wall-mounted boilers are less durable.

Water gas heating system for a private house

The most common heating system is water: the role of heat carrier is played by water, which circulates through a closed pipeline circuit. The water is heated in the boiler and then transfers heat through pipes and heating radiators (batteries).

Such a gas heating system for a private house has several advantages:

• water is an effective coolant;
• the circulation system is closed, so after the initial filling the volume of water should not change;
• water gas heating of a private house, the video, which can be viewed below, will show that such a system can be installed independently;
• in such a system it is easy to create a circuit that ensures uniform heat supply to each room.

Among the disadvantages of a water gas heating system:

• Heating radiators must be kept clean at all times, since if they are covered with dust, the efficiency of heating the premises will be lower;
• in comparison with air heating, water heating, after switching on, will not be able to provide the same rapid heating of the air;
• elements that are part of a water heating system can often crack, corrode, etc. This can not only worsen the microclimate in the house, but also cause damage to the interior of the premises;
• there are special requirements for the quality of the heat carrier: the amount of salts in the water must be minimized;
• The heating cannot simply be turned off in winter, when it is very cold outside, as this can lead to freezing of water, which will increase in volume and burst the pipes. Therefore, gas heating of private houses of this type is not suitable for dachas where the owners do not visit often, especially in winter.

Heating schemes for a private house

Depending on how the coolant circulates inside a closed loop, there are CO with natural and forced circulation. In the first case, circulation occurs due to the difference in density of cold and hot water, and in the second case, the pump operates. If you want to make a heating system for a private house yourself, then you need to make a careful calculation of the optimal CO scheme.

Heating distribution is an important element in the system. It comes in two types:

• single-pipe. It is not often used in private homes, since with such wiring the temperature in the radiators varies. This option is suitable for houses that are small and have few rooms;
• two-pipe. This option is quite material-intensive. But the system is suitable for regulating the temperature in individual rooms.

The single-pipe gas heating scheme for a private house has one significant drawback - the lower radiators heat up less, since they receive slightly cooled water. And if you have a two-story private house, then the rooms on different floors will also warm up unevenly. If you want to equip gas heating with your own hands, then this scheme will be much simpler.

In addition, little material is wasted when laying the pipeline. The problem of uneven heating of radiators is solved by installing a jumper and increasing the number of sections. And to circulate the coolant faster, a circulation pump is used.

Note that a natural circulation scheme will be suitable if it is possible to install the boiler below the level of the radiators. Also, for the normal circulation process to occur, a natural slope of the supply and return pipelines is necessary.

As for artificial circulation, the use of a pump is necessary. Such schemes are quite easy to install, but they have several disadvantages. These include the same uneven heating, as well as the appearance of air jams and dependence on the electrical supply.

Very often you can find such an option as the Leningrad wiring of the heating system (Leningradka). The meaning of this system is that water circulates in a pipe closed to the boiler. Heating equipment (radiators) is connected to it, through which the coolant will flow parallel to the supply circuit. The system is quite effective for a private home.

The next scheme is a two-pipe one. In this case, the radiators will heat evenly, but the cost of laying pipes will be higher. The heating of individual heating radiators can be regulated using special shut-off valves.

A two-pipe system with natural circulation and bottom wiring is well suited when the boiler is located in the basement.

Stages of installing a gas heating system in a private house

Gasification of a private home is an important and responsible process. Gas heating equipment includes several stages:

1. Preparation and approval of design and permitting documents. The gas heating project for a private house should be created by specialists, since this is an important element on which further arrangement depends.
2. Purchase of necessary equipment and materials.
3. Inserting a house system into a street gas pipeline.
4. Installation of gas networks inside the house, arrangement of a special room for a gas boiler.
5. Installation of gas equipment.
6. Filling the heating system with coolant.
7. Test run. It would be better to produce it with working and increased pressure.
8. Acceptance of the finished system.

Gas heating installation schemes must be thought out to the smallest detail, so projects must be carried out by professionals.

One example of drawing up a professional heating system plan

When choosing equipment for gas heating, remember that the main indicator is the area of ​​the heated room. The volume of equipment, the number of radiators, the footage of pipes, fittings, valves and valves, and plugs depend on it.

When choosing a method for laying heating pipes and installing them, remember that the cold and hot distribution lines must be laid with a slight slope directly towards the hot water flow.

Experts recommend installing taps on each battery. Thanks to this, it will be possible to control the supply of hot water to a separate room of a private house. If you are using an expansion tank of 20 to 30 liters, then it should be installed at a height of 3 meters above the heating boiler.

Conclusion

Gas heating of a private residential home is the most effective and affordable option if there is a highway in the area of ​​your home. In this case, fuel is consumed economically, gas equipment is easy to operate, and you can set up such a system yourself.