The cyclonic type continuous blowdown separator is designed to separate the boiler blowdown water into steam and water formed from the steam boiler blowdown water when its pressure is reduced from the boiler to the pressure in the separator and for the purpose of subsequent use of the heat of water and steam. Separation occurs due to the action of centrifugal forces due to the tangential entry of water into the separator. After that, steam of a high degree of dryness is supplied to the consumer.

Separators can be used in condensate systems in order to reduce the consumption of steam and heat loss with the removed steam-condensate mixture.

In addition to the tangential supply of condensate (blow water), the separators are equipped with vertical louvered droplet eliminators for drying the flash steam.

The separator is used in circuits with an atmospheric deaerator (overpressure in the deaerator 0.02 MPa)

Name and symbol separator:
SNP -0.15-0.06 - continuous blowdown separator with a capacity of -0.15 m3 and with a working pressure of 0.06 MPa.

Main parameters and technical characteristics

Name		SNP-0.15-0.6 (Du-300)	(Du-450)	SNP-0.7-0.7 (Du-600)	SNP-1.4-0.7 (Du-800)
Operating pressure
Temperature
Test pressure
Steam output
Steam-water mixture consumption
Capacity

Device and principle of operation

The separator is a vertical cylindrical vessel (see Fig. 1) with flat or elliptical bottoms, a flattened inlet pipe or a circular section pipe and steam and water outlet pipes and a float regulator that automatically maintains the water level. The swirling of the flow is carried out due to the organized supply of the steam-water mixture to the inner wall of the separator or due to the installation of internal guide devices. Typically, the blowdown water flow to the separator is between 1% and 5% of the boiler capacity.

The separation into steam and water takes place in the middle part of the separator. Steam, while maintaining rotational motion, is directed into the steam space and discharged through a pipe located on the upper bottom. Water flows down the inner surface of the separator into the water volume and is discharged through a branch pipe located in the lower part of the body. On the lower bottom there is a fitting for draining water from the separator when it is turned off and for periodic cleaning of the lower part of the water volume from sludge and contaminants.

Rice. 1. Continuous purge separator
A - purge water supply; B - removal of separated steam; B - drainage; G - removal of separated water.
1 – gate valve for separated water outlet; 2 – water level regulator; 3 - nozzle for the inlet of the purge steam-water mixture; 4 - supports; 5 - branch pipe for steam outlet; 6 - upper and lower bottom; 7 – separator housing; 8 - water level indicator; 9 - valve for drainage.

On the cylindrical part of the body, two supports 4 are welded for installing the separator and a nozzle 3 for the tangential supply of the steam-water mixture of the boiler blowdown water to the separator. In the upper bottom of the separator there is a branch pipe with a flange 5 for the outlet of the separated steam, and in the lower bottom there is a fitting with a valve 9 for draining water from the separator when it is turned off and for making it possible to periodically remove sludge and contaminants from the lower part of the water volume.

In the lower cylindrical part of the body there is a float regulator of the water level in the separator 2 and a level indicator 8. The level indicator is used to visually monitor the water level. The float level controller is designed to automatically maintain a constant water level in the separator.

The scheme of operation of the float level regulator is shown in fig. 2. The upper position of the float can be fixed by turning the latch handle at an angle of 30 degrees.

Fig.2. Scheme of operation of a float level controller

The nozzle supplying the purge water to the separator has a flattened section at the outlet, which enhances the centrifugal effect due to the pre-stratified flow of the steam-water mixture. The primary separation of the steam-water mixture begins outside the separator, in the low-pressure supply pipeline (see Fig. 3), made of the same diameter as the nozzle. The separation of the steam-water mixture into steam and water, which began in the supply pipeline, ends in the separator.

Rice. 3. Scheme of connecting the separator to the continuous blowdown of the boilers.
1 - input of continuous blowdown of boilers; 2 - pipelines high pressure; 3 - unit for regulating the blowdown of boilers; 4 - restrictive washers; 5 - disconnecting fittings; 6 - low pressure supply pipeline; 7 - inlet pipe (nozzle); 8 - steam outlet; 9 - drainage; 10 - outlet of separated water.

The steam is directed to the steam space, and the separated water flows down the inner wall of the separator into the water volume.

Installation order

The separator is mounted in accordance with the technical documentation developed by specialized design organizations and installation instructions.

The connection of the continuous blowdown separator to the steam boiler circuit should be performed in accordance with the diagram shown in fig. four.

Rice. 4. Scheme of connecting the separator to the scheme of the steam boiler.
1 - steam boiler; 2 – continuous purge separator; 3 - water-to-water heat exchanger; 4 - chemical water treatment filter; 5 - raw water supply; 6 - tank; 7 - deaerator.

To prevent a possible increase in pressure in the separator, it is necessary to provide for the installation of a hydraulic seal on the outlet pipeline near the separator to the shut-off device. Do not install stop valves on the outlet steam pipeline from the separator to the deaerator.

The separator is installed in a vertical position on pre-mounted support beams. Next, control and measuring devices are installed, safety devices, float level regulator and piping is carried out.

The installation of the separator must ensure the possibility of its inspection, repair and cleaning both from the inside and from the outside, and must exclude the danger of its tipping over. Hanging of the separator on the connecting pipelines is not allowed.

During installation, for ease of maintenance of the separator, platforms and ladders can be arranged, which should not violate the strength, stability and the possibility of free inspection and cleaning of the outer surface.

After installing and fixing the separator, piping and equipping it with fittings, it is necessary to perform a hydraulic (pneumatic) test. After a hydraulic test, the separator and pipelines are flushed, the valves, the float level control are checked for operability, safety valve, after which the separator is put into operation.

Maintenance and operation

The condition for normal and reliable operation of the separator is to ensure the continuous removal of steam and water from the separator and to maintain the pressure in the separator within the established limits. This is achieved when the float level regulator and the water seal are in good condition.

The separator must be under constant supervision of maintenance personnel. For the good condition of the level regulator, proper control should be established:

• once per shift, check the mobility of the float and related parts by turning the handle of the drain valve lock;
• at least 3 times per shift to control the steam pressure;
• at least 3 times per shift, monitor the presence of a normal level of condensate in the housing using the water-indicating glass.
• at least once per shift, purge the level indicator, depending on the quality of the purge water.

Reliable operation of the hydraulic seal must be ensured by the design and compliance with the requirements of the instructions for its maintenance.

When the separator is completely disconnected from the purge lines, in order to prevent the connection of the deaerator with the atmosphere through the separator, which is possible in this case, the level control valve and the gate valve at the water outlet from the separator should be completely closed.

Periodic inspection of the separator should be carried out both for preventive purposes and to identify the causes of problems that have arisen.

Inspection and cleaning of the separator body should be carried out at least once every 2-3 years during the shutdown of the separator for maintenance and overhaul.

Continuous blowdown separators must be subjected to technical certification after installation, before commissioning, periodically during operation and, if necessary, extraordinary survey.

In case of long-term repairs, as well as insufficient density of the shut-off valves, the repaired equipment should be turned off. The thickness of the plugs must be suitable for the operating environment.

When loosening bolts on flange connections, care must be taken to ensure that steam and water inside the separator and pipelines cannot cause burns to people.

Separators and expanders of continuous and intermittent blowdown are designed to separate into steam and water the steam-water mixture formed from the blowdown water of steam boilers, condensate from steam receivers, drainage of steam pipelines when its pressure is reduced to the pressure in the separator (expander), with subsequent use of the heat of water and steam.

Separators and expanders can be used in condensate collection systems in order to reduce the consumption of consumed steam and heat loss with the removed steam-condensate mixture.

Expanders have the simplest separating device - a tangential supply of condensate (blowing water).

In addition to the tangential supply of condensate (blow water), the separators are equipped with vertical louvered droplet eliminators for drying the flash steam.

DU 300-800 (Sarenergomash)

Modifications

This section presents serial separators and expanders:

Separators and expanders are manufactured in accordance with TU 3113-017-00210714-2008.

OKP code 31 1336.

The plant has the ability to develop and manufacture separators (expanders) according to the technical specifications.

The device and principle of operation of the continuous purge separator

The separator is a vertical cylindrical vessel of a welded design and consists of a body with a lower elliptical bottom welded to it; the upper elliptical bottom is connected to the body with a flange connector.

In the middle part of the body, 2 or 4 supports are welded to install the separator in a suspended state on the support beams.

In the lower part of the body there is a receiving device, consisting of two concentrically mounted shells and two tangentially welded pipes into the body, designed to receive tangentially supplied purge water.

In the upper part of the housing, a separating device is bolted to the ring, consisting of a set of specially bent blades and designed to separate small drops of water from steam.

The constant level of the separated water is automatically maintained by a float level regulator built into the DN 150 fitting in the lower part of the body.

For visual monitoring of the level of separated water, the separator is equipped with a water-indicating device, consisting of water-indicating glass and valve-type taps.

To monitor the operating pressure in the vapor space of the separator (for separators SP-0.28-0.45; SP-0.7-0.6; SP-1.4-0.8; SP-1.5-0, eight); there is a pressure gauge showing with a measurement limit of up to 1.6 MPa (16 kgf / cm2) with a 3-way purge valve and a drain valve.

Cut-off of steam pressure in the vessel above the permissible level (7.5 kgf/cm2) is ensured by a safety full-lift flanged valve DN 50 Ru 16 kgf/cm2, equipped with a replaceable type I spring operating at a pressure in the range of 7-13 kgf/cm2. The valve actuation is regulated to a pressure of 7.5 kgf/cm2. The upper part of the valve is closed with a cap, in which there is an adjusting screw for setting the spring to a given pressure. The safety valve in the separator SP-0.15-0.3 (operating pressure 0.06 MPa) is not provided.

The work of the separator is to receive the steam-water mixture from the boiler, separating it into steam and water due to the expansion and rotational movement of the flow in the receiver of the separator. A settling operation takes place in the receiving device. Finally, the steam is dried in the separating device.

Designation	Volume, m3	Pressure, MPa	Temperature, °C	Weight, kg
Separators
SP-0.15-0.3	0,15	0,06	113	242,5
SP-0.28-0.45	0,28	0,7	170	470
SP-0.7-0.6	0,7	0,7	170	756
SP-1.4-0.8	1,4	0,7	170	1113
SP-1.5-0.8*	1,5	0,78	175	1200
SP-5.5-1.4**	5,5	0,15	127	1878
Extenders
RP-0.12-0.35	0,12	0,35	148	400
RP-0.18-0.45	0,18	0,9	180	140,2
RP-0.4-0.44	0,4	0,56	162,5	555
RP-0.5-0.7	0,5	0,1	121	620
RP-0.6-0.6	0,6	0,2	133	385
RP-1.4-0.7	1,4	0,6	165	1140
RP-1.77-0.8	1,77	0,005	101	1200
RP-2.6-1.0	2,6	0,01	102,3	1650
RP-4.0-1.3	4	0,12	123	3410
RP-4.84-1.2	4,84	1,48	201	2050
RP-5.0-1.4	5	0,15	127	1650
RP-7.5-2.0	7,5	0,15	127	3712
RP-7.68-1.6	7,68	0,02	100,2	3615
RP-8.1-1.8	8,1	0,15	127	2790
RP-10.5-1.8	10,5	0,12	123,2	5113,7
RP-22-2.6	22	0,001	100	11300

* - purge separator SP-1.5-0.8 is an analogue of the separator SP-1.5U
** - purge separator SP-5.5-0.15 is an analogue of the separator 5.5U
** - purge expander RP-7.5-2.0 is an analogue of expander R-2000

Resource

Full designated service life - 20 years.
Guarantee period operation - 24 months from the moment the unit is put into operation, but not more than 36 months from the date of shipment to the consumer.

DU 300 (BiKZ)

Cyclone continuous blowdown separator, is designed to separate the steam-water mixture when steam boilers are blown into steam and water due to the action of centrifugal forces due to the tangential entry of water into the separator.

Continuous purge separatorcyclone type is designed to separate the boiler blowdown water into steam and water formed from the steam boiler blowdown water when its pressure is reduced from the boiler to the pressure in the separator and for the purpose of subsequent use of the heat of water and steam. Separation occurs due to the action of centrifugal forces due to the tangential entry of water into the separator. After that, steam of a high degree of dryness is supplied to the consumer.

Continuous purge separator SNP-0.15-1.4

SNP continuous blowdown separators can be used in condensate collection systems in order to reduce the consumption of consumed steam and heat loss with the removed steam-condensate mixture.

In the purge separators, in addition to the tangential supply of condensate (blow water), vertical louvered droplet eliminators are installed to dry the flash steam.

Main parameters and technical characteristics

Name	Unit rev.	SNP-0.15-0.06 (Du-300)	SNP-0.15-0.8 (Du-300)	SNP-0.15-1.4 (Du-300)	SP-0.28-0.45 (Du-450)	SP-0.7-0.6 (Du-600)	SP-1.4-0.8 (Du-800)	SP-1.5-0.8 (Du-800)	SP-5.5-1.4 (Du-800)
Operating pressure	MPa	0,06	0,8	1,4	0,45	0,6	0,8	0,8	1,4
Temperature	about C	113	174,5	194	170	170	170	175	127
Test pressure	MPa	0,16	1,0	1,75	1,0	1,0	1,0	1,1	0,2
Steam output	t/h	1	1	1	0,7	2,75	5,26	12,5	70,0
Capacity	m 3	0,15	0,15	0,15	0,28	0,7	1,4	1,5	5,5
Dry weight without accessories	kg	175	175	245	470	756	1114	1200	1878
Mass of components	kg	85	85	90	110	120	128	128	150

Device and principle of operation

The continuous purge separator is a vertical cylindrical vessel (see Fig. 1) with elliptical bottoms, oppositely placed inlet pipes, steam and drainage pipes, a level indicator for visual control, a safety spring valve, and a float steam trap that automatically maintains the water level. The swirling of the flow is carried out due to the organized supply of the steam-water mixture to the inner wall of the separator with the installation of internal guide devices. Typically, the blowdown water flow to the separator is between 1% and 5% of the boiler capacity.

The separation into steam and water takes place in the middle part of the separator. Steam, while maintaining rotational motion, is directed into the steam space and discharged through a pipe located on the upper bottom. Water flows down the inner surface of the separator into the water volume and is discharged through a branch pipe located in the lower part of the body. On the lower bottom there is a fitting for draining water from the separator when it is turned off and for periodic cleaning of the lower part of the water volume from sludge and contaminants.

Rice. 1. Drawing of continuous blowdown separator

Rice. 2. Scheme of piping of the continuous blowdown separator

On the cylindrical part of the body of the continuous blowdown separator, two supports are welded to install the separator and nozzles for the tangential supply of the steam-water mixture of the boiler blowdown water to the separator. In the upper bottom of the separator there is a branch pipe with a flange for the exit of the separated steam, and in the lower bottom there is a fitting with a valve for draining water from the separator when it is turned off and for periodically removing sludge and contaminants from the lower part of the water volume.

In the lower cylindrical part of the body there is a float condensate trap and a level indicator. With the help of a level indicator, visual monitoring of the water level is carried out. The float steam trap is designed to automatically maintain a constant water level in the separator.

The steam is directed to the steam space, and the separated water flows down the inner wall of the separator into the water volume.

Installation order

The purge separator is installed in accordance with the technical documentation developed by specialized design organizations and the requirements of the installation instructions.

To prevent a possible increase in pressure, a safety spring valve is provided on the separator body.

The continuous blowdown separator is installed in a vertical position on pre-assembled support beams. Next, instrumentation, safety devices, a float-operated condensate trap are installed and piping is carried out.

The installation of the SNP purge separator should provide the possibility of its inspection, repair and cleaning both from the inside and the outside, and should exclude the risk of its tipping over. Hanging of the separator on the connecting pipelines is not allowed.

During installation, for ease of maintenance of the separator, platforms and ladders can be arranged, which should not violate the strength, stability and the possibility of free inspection and cleaning of the outer surface.

After installing and fastening the continuous blowdown separator, piping and equipping it with fittings, it is necessary to perform a hydraulic (pneumatic) test. After a hydraulic test, the separator and pipelines are flushed, the fittings, float-operated steam trap, safety valve are checked for operability, after which the separator is put into operation.

Maintenance and operation

The condition for normal and reliable operation of the continuous blowdown separator is to ensure continuous removal of steam and water from the separator and maintain the pressure in the separator within the established limits. This is achieved when the float steam trap and safety valve are in good condition.

The continuous blowdown separator must be under the constant supervision of maintenance personnel. For the good condition of the float steam trap, proper control should be established:

• once per shift, check the sight glass, which must be installed behind the steam trap;
• at least 3 times per shift to control the steam pressure;
• at least 3 times per shift, monitor the presence of a normal level of condensate in the housing on the water-indicating glass;
• at least once per shift, purge the level indicator, depending on the quality of the purge water.

The safety valve must be forcibly blown up at least once per shift, followed by control over the return of the valve to its original position and the absence of steam leaks. Periodic inspection of the separator should be carried out both for preventive purposes and to identify the causes of problems that have arisen.

Inspection and cleaning of the body of the purge separator should be carried out at least once every 2-3 years during the shutdown of the separator for maintenance and overhaul.

Continuous purge separators must be subject to technical inspection after installation, before commissioning, periodically during operation and, if necessary, extraordinary inspection.

In case of long-term repairs, as well as insufficient density of the shut-off valves, the repaired equipment should be turned off. The thickness of the plugs must be suitable for the operating environment.

When loosening bolts on flange connections, care must be taken to ensure that steam and water inside the purge separator and piping cannot cause burns to people.

graduate work

2.7 Structure and principle of operation of the continuous purge separator

To use the heat of the blowdown water for deaeration, separators for continuous blowdown from the boilers are installed in the DPU of the boiler section.

The separator consists of a body, a volute, a lamellar drop catcher, a blowdown water outlet regulator, a separated steam outlet, an outlet to a safety valve, a water gauge glass, and drainage pipelines.

The principle of operation of the separator is based on the release of steam and condensate from the purge emulsion removed from boilers with continuous purge due to a sharp change (increase) in the volume in the expander (separator housing) and, accordingly, the pressure drop of the supplied purge medium to the pressure in the expander.

Pressurized purge water equal to pressure steam in the drum of the waste heat boiler enters the blowdown water inlet to the separator through a common blowdown water collector. Due to the tangential location of the purge water inlet, the flow acquires a rotational motion, due to which there is an intensive separation of the steam-water emulsion into steam and water, which have various meanings density, at the opposite walls of the separator cochlea. Passing through the gap in the cochlea, the flow enters inner space separator housing (expander). Due to a sharp change in volume, the pressure of the supplied water drops and the superheated water boils.

The steam separated in the volute and the steam released during the boiling of the liquid enters the upper steam part of the separator, passes through the drop eliminator, where it is released from water particles captured by the steam flow and then enters the deaeration column through the pipeline. Water enters into lower part separator, where a normal water level is maintained with the help of a float regulator (a level fluctuating in the middle part of the water-indicating glass is considered normal). Excess water is removed to the sewer.

If necessary (if the level regulator malfunctions, if the water level in the separator rises above the permissible level, etc.), water can be removed through the drain at the bottom of the separator.

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The cyclonic type continuous blowdown separator is designed to separate the boiler blowdown water into steam and water formed from the steam boiler blowdown water when its pressure is reduced from the boiler to the pressure in the separator and for the purpose of subsequent use of the heat of water and steam. Separation occurs due to the action of centrifugal forces due to the tangential entry of water into the separator. After that, steam of a high degree of dryness is supplied to the consumer.

Continuous purge separator SNP-0.15-1.4

Separators can be used in condensate collection systems in order to reduce the consumption of steam and heat loss with the removed steam-condensate mixture.

In addition to the tangential supply of condensate (blow water), the separators are equipped with vertical louvered droplet eliminators for drying the flash steam. The separator is used in circuits with an atmospheric type deaerator.

Main parameters and technical characteristics

Name	Unit rev.	SNP-0.15-0.06 (Du-300)	SNP-0.15-0.8 (Du-300)	SNP-0.15-1.4 (Du-300)	SP-0.28-0.45 (Du-450)	SP-0.7-0.6 (Du-600)	SP-1.4-0.8 (Du-800)	SP-1.5-0.8 (Du-800)	SP-5.5-1.4 (Du-800)
Operating pressure	MPa	0,06	0,8	1,4	0,45	0,6	0,8	0,8	1,4
Temperature	about C	113	174,5	194	170	170	170	175	127
Test pressure	MPa	0,16	1,0	1,75	1,0	1,0	1,0	1,1	0,2
Steam output	t/h	1	1	1	0,7	2,75	5,26	12,5	70,0
Capacity	m 3	0,15	0,15	0,15	0,28	0,7	1,4	1,5	5,5
Dry weight without accessories	kg	175	175	245	470	756	1114	1200	1878
Mass of components	kg	85	85	90	110	120	128	128	150

Device and principle of operation

The separator is a vertical cylindrical vessel (see Fig. 1) with elliptical bottoms, oppositely placed inlet pipes, steam and water outlet pipes, a level indicator for visual control, a safety spring valve, and a float steam trap that automatically maintains the water level. The swirling of the flow is carried out due to the organized supply of the steam-water mixture to the inner wall of the separator with the installation of internal guide devices. Typically, the blowdown water flow to the separator is between 1% and 5% of the boiler capacity.

The separation into steam and water takes place in the middle part of the separator. Steam, while maintaining rotational motion, is directed into the steam space and discharged through a pipe located on the upper bottom. Water flows down the inner surface of the separator into the water volume and is discharged through a branch pipe located in the lower part of the body. On the lower bottom there is a fitting for draining water from the separator when it is turned off and for periodic cleaning of the lower part of the water volume from sludge and contaminants.

Rice. one. Continuous purge separator

Rice. 2. Scheme of piping of the continuous blowdown separator

On the cylindrical part of the body, two supports are welded to install the separator and nozzles for the tangential supply of the steam-water mixture of the boiler blowdown water to the separator. In the upper bottom of the separator there is a branch pipe with a flange for the exit of the separated steam, and in the lower bottom there is a fitting with a valve for draining water from the separator when it is turned off and for periodically removing sludge and contaminants from the lower part of the water volume.

In the lower cylindrical part of the body there is a float condensate trap and a level indicator. With the help of a level indicator, visual monitoring of the water level is carried out. The float steam trap is designed to automatically maintain a constant water level in the separator.

Rice. 3. Scheme of connecting the separator to the continuous blowdown of boilers.

1 - input of continuous blowdown of boilers; 2 - high pressure pipelines; 3 - unit for regulating the blowdown of boilers; 4 - restrictive washers; 5 - disconnecting fittings; 6 - low pressure supply pipeline; 7 - inlet pipes (nozzles); 8 - steam outlet; 9 - drainage; 10 - outlet of separated water.

The steam is directed to the steam space, and the separated water flows down the inner wall of the separator into the water volume.

Installation order

The separator is installed in accordance with the technical documentation developed by specialized design organizations and the requirements of the installation manual.

To prevent a possible increase in pressure, a safety spring valve is provided on the separator body.

The separator is installed in a vertical position on pre-mounted support beams. Next, instrumentation, safety devices, a float-operated condensate trap are installed and piping is carried out.

The installation of the separator must ensure the possibility of its inspection, repair and cleaning both from the inside and from the outside, and must exclude the danger of its tipping over. Hanging of the separator on the connecting pipelines is not allowed.

During installation, for ease of maintenance of the separator, platforms and ladders can be arranged, which should not violate the strength, stability and the possibility of free inspection and cleaning of the outer surface.

After installing and fixing the separator, piping and equipping it with fittings, it is necessary to perform a hydraulic (pneumatic) test. After a hydraulic test, the separator and pipelines are flushed, the fittings, float-operated steam trap, safety valve are checked for operability, after which the separator is put into operation.

Maintenance and operation

The condition for normal and reliable operation of the separator is to ensure continuous removal of steam and water from the separator and maintaining the pressure in the separator within the established limits. This is achieved when the float steam trap and safety valve are in good condition.

The separator must be under constant supervision of maintenance personnel. For the good condition of the float steam trap, proper control should be established:
- once per shift, check the sight glass, which must be installed behind the steam trap;
- at least 3 times per shift to control the steam pressure;
- at least 3 times per shift, monitor the presence of a normal level of condensate in the housing using the water-indicating glass.
- at least once per shift, purge the level indicator, depending on the quality of the purge water.

The safety valve must be forcibly blown up at least once per shift, followed by control over the return of the valve to its original position and the absence of steam leaks. Periodic inspection of the separator should be carried out both for preventive purposes and to identify the causes of problems that have arisen.

Inspection and cleaning of the separator body should be carried out at least once every 2-3 years during the shutdown of the separator for maintenance and overhaul.

Continuous purge separators must be subject to technical inspection after installation, before commissioning, periodically during operation and, if necessary, extraordinary inspection.

In case of long-term repairs, as well as insufficient density of the shut-off valves, the repaired equipment should be turned off. The thickness of the plugs must be suitable for the operating environment.

When loosening bolts on flange connections, care must be taken to ensure that steam and water inside the separator and pipelines cannot cause burns to people.