An example of a telephony project. Design of outdoor communication systems
Telephonization involves a full range of works on telephone installation of buildings and structures and includes:
1) obtaining all the necessary documents, namely, in the process of developing a project for installing telephones in a new building, the following work is performed:- Obtaining technical conditions for the installation of telephones at the facility in the technical department of OJSC MGTS
- Work in the technical accounting of the telephone center of MGTS OJSC with technical documentation for choosing the optimal route for laying the cable in the telephone duct
- Development of a project for external telephone networks, taking into account the technical conditions and requirements of OJSC MGTS
- Development of a project for an internal telephony network, taking into account the technical conditions and requirements of OJSC MGTS
- Obtaining all necessary approvals for the delivery of the project of external and internal telephony networks.
2) If the telephone installation of the object involves telephone sewer design, the following work is performed:
- Ordering a geo-baseline in the State Unitary Enterprise "Mosgorgeotrest"
- Registration of a permit to work with technical documentation in the technical accounting of OJSC MGTS
- Work in the technical accounting of the telephone center of MGTS OJSC with technical documentation for choosing the optimal route for the construction of a telephone sewer
- Development of a cable duct route (parts of a telephone duct project), installation of wells (if there is a master network plan and technical conditions of the operating organization)
- Production of longitudinal profiles of cable ducts (part of the telephone duct project)
- Development of a telephone sewer project
- Obtaining approvals from related organizations, the operating organization, OJSC MGEK, OJSC Rostelecom, District Administrations, DEP, GUIS, the Department of Underground Structures (OPS) at State Unitary Enterprise Mosgorgeotrest, etc. Approval of the telephone sewerage project in the technical accounting of OJSC MGTS.
In this way, telephonization project includes sections:
- internal telephony network;
- external telephony networks;
- telephone sewer.
In the conditions of the current development, telephone nodes often issue specifications on the removal of line-cable structures from the construction zone, which requires the development of an additional project for the removal of LKS. The scope of work for the removal of line-cable structures is comparable to the scope of work for installing telephones at the facility, and, as a rule, includes sections:
- removal of external telephone networks;
- telephone sewer.
Our company, GK OKS LLC, also performs these works. Design and coordination of the telephonization project requires the presence of design organization FSB RF licenses to work with information constituting state secrets. The presence of a license from the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation and permission from OJSC MGTS to work with technical documentation significantly speeds up the release of the project.
3) Creation of a communication infrastructure at the property in order to provide residents / tenants with access to local telephone communications via a wired line. Works on the creation of a communication infrastructure at the facility include the supply of backbone and distribution networks to a residential house / office building, the creation of new and strengthening of existing cable entries. To connect to the network, a fiber-optic communication line, copper cable, etc. can be used.
See an example of a telephony project below.
The result of work on the installation of telephones in buildings and structures is the receipt of the Certificate of Acceptance of Telephone Installation.
Telephonization of facilities is one of the leading activities of our company. LLC "GK OKS" undertakes organizational and technical measures for the installation of telephones in buildings and structures with the provision of an acceptance certificate for telephones in the form of IGASN. An individual scheme of work with each Client is used.
In accordance with MRR-3.2.06.06-06 "Collection of basic prices for design work for construction in the city of Moscow" and MRR-3.1.10.02-04 "Standards for the duration of the design of construction projects in the city of Moscow" The average estimated cost of telephony design is:
- design of an internal telephone network (Project Internal telephone network) - 56,000 rubles.
- design of a structured cable network (SCS Project) - 65,000 rubles.
- design of an external telephonization network (including the design of a telephone sewer, the External Telephone Networks Project) - 65,000 rubles.
- removal of networks from the construction zone (Project Removal of line-cable structures from the construction zone) - 90,000 rubles.
- designing the laying of a fiber-optic cable (VOK Project) - 85,000 rubles.
For efficient and high-quality telephonization of objects, the specialists of OKS Group LLC design and install analog and digital office telephone exchanges (mini-ATS, PBX).
It is difficult to imagine modern business without effectively organized telephony. The telephone is a convenient compromise between a face-to-face meeting and distant correspondence. For many, it is psychologically more comfortable to talk to a person on the phone than to look him in the eye. The heart of telephony in any company is an office PBX (), which connects employees with each other and with the outside world.
Mini-ATS are divided:
- analog automatic telephone exchanges (the description of analog mini-automatic telephone exchange >>>);
- digital IP-PBX (description of digital mini-PBX >>>).
Functionality of mini PBX:
- automatic (without operator) operation of a mini-automatic telephone exchange;
- local conversation "each with each" without occupying the city line;
- conference - simultaneous conversation of several internal and city subscribers;
- automatic selection of a free city line when entering the city;
- message about the release of the city line;
- auto redial mode;
- call forwarding;
- mode "director - secretary";
- selection of phones that respond to an external call;
- different ringtone for external and internal calls;
- selective installation of bans on exit to the city or intercity;
- remote listening of premises;
- connection of an answering machine, fax, modem;
- registration and management of the automatic telephone exchange through a computer;
- loud notification of employees.
The group of companies "United Complex Systems" offers a complex supply of equipment for telephony facilities (
- The organization of the communication channel between the PBX and the existing facility is carried out via a newly laid fiber-optic cable. The communication channel uses the Ethernet 10/100 Base data transfer protocol. IP gateways are used to convert analog telephony signals into Ethernet 10/100 Base-T signal. The total length of the designed cable route is 4122 m, of which 950 m are in the existing cable duct with VOK DPS 048T cable, and 3172 m with VOK DPO-048 cable in 40 mm polyethylene tube. The depth of the fiber-optic cable in a polyethylene tube is -1.2 m relative to the ground level. In places where the cable passes under the roadway and when crossing underground structures, it is made in an asbestos-cement pipe D = 100 mm. Centralized notification system This section contains a description of the equipment and principles for constructing a civil defense and emergency warning system designed for the Toksovo multifunctional sports complex and the adjacent territory. The following equipment is used to implement the tasks of alerting the population by civil defense and emergency signals:
- Amplifier of audio signals for broadcasting and warning "RTS-2000 OK";
- power amplifier 250 W "RTS-2000 UM-250";
- horn loudspeakers installed on the territory of the sports complex;
- equipment of the P-160 complex of the civil defense headquarters, installed in the premises of the radio center of the Leningrad Regional Branch of OJSC North-West Telecom;
- data network equipment.
- automatic connection to the territorial automated system of the centralized notification of the Leningrad region (TASTSO LO);
- transmission of the “Attention to all” signal (siren) and TASCO speech signals.
8. Cable duct project
The cable duct project, in contrast to the main and distribution network, is carried out according to stage II. This is due to the fact that it is not economically feasible to open the street covers and report the required number of pipes during the development of the network to stage II.
1) Let's mark the borders of the district and quarters on the diagram. Let's designate the installation site of RATS-3. Let's designate the places of SL supply from RATS-1, RATS-2, AMTS and AL from UA. Let's designate the installation location of the UPATS. Let's designate the places of installation of all RSH (without specifying the boxes in them).
2) We will design the routes of the main and interstation cable ducts (i.e. from all RS, places for supplying lines from other RATS and AL from UA to the designed RATS-3). We put them on the diagram in the form of the corresponding symbol.
With a capacity of RATS-3 of less than 10 thousand numbers, the supply of the KK route to the station is carried out from one side. With a capacity of RATS-3 of 10 thousand numbers or more (as in our case), the routes are brought to the station from two sides at an angle of 90 O and are interconnected by backup channels.
3) We will indicate on the diagram the installation sites for branching, corner, cabinet and cable ducts.
4) Let's designate the cable duct sections, indicate on the diagram the section number, the number of channels and the length of the section. For designation, an arrow is used, which is placed at the far (in relation to RATS-3) end of the section, and is directed to its beginning. The section number is placed above the arrow. The length of the section is opposite the arrow or under the line indicating the cable route. The number of channels is under the arrow.
The number of channels in each section is determined as a result of subsequent calculations.
We choose an arbitrary numbering sequence for sections.
The lengths of the sections are determined directly according to the scheme, taking into account the scale.
5) Let us determine in tabular form for each section the required number of channels, the number of pipes (in channel-kilometers), the number and type of KK wells.
The number of main channels is determined by the ratio rounded up to a larger integer
where N II MP is the number of pairs in the main cable passing through this section;
N MP/ch - the number of trunk pairs per channel, depending on the capacity of the RATS-3 for Stage II and determined from the table.
Table 8.1 - Dependence of the number of trunk pairs per channel on the capacity of RATS-3
| Capacity RATS-3 | £3k | £5k | £7k | £8k | > 8 thousand |
| Number of trunk pairs per channel | 300 | 350 | 400 | 450 | 500 |
The inconvenience of calculating the number of main channels of the KK is that the design of the backbone network was carried out according to stage I, and the cable duct is designed according to stage II. Therefore, you cannot directly use the backbone network scheme. It should be taken into account what capacity the main cables will have in stage II (N II MP / RSH).
Number of wells for various purposes in this area is determined directly by the cable duct scheme.
The type of well in this area is determined based on the maximum possible number of channels introduced into the well of this type.
Table 8.2 - The maximum number of channels introduced into the wells
| Well type | Maximum number of channels | Well type | Maximum number of channels | |
| KKS-1 | 1 | KKS-5 | 24 | |
| KKS-2 | 2 | KKSS-1 | 36 | |
| KKS-3 | 6 | KKSS-2 | 48 | |
| KKS-4 | 12 |
6) On the cable duct scheme, we indicate the types of wells defined for each section.
7) Determine the required number of channels, pipes, the number and type of KK wells for the cable duct scheme. Capacity of RATS-3 = 14 thousand numbers.
For a given capacity of RATS-3, taking into account the data in Table 12.1, N mp/ch = 500.
For sections with a capacity of the main cable 500´2 (5th, 30th, 12th, etc.), the number of main channels according to the formula (8.1): N chan = 500: 500=1.
For sections with a capacity of the main cable 1000´2 (6th, 10th, etc.), the number of main channels according to the formula (8.1): N chan = 1000: 500 = 2.
For the sections where the subscriber cable runs from the UA of the TZG type (26th, 25th, etc.), we provide one trunk channel, regardless of the presence of other subscriber cables.
For sections where interstation cables of the OKL type (9th, 10th, 11th, etc.) pass, regardless of their number, we accept the number of channels for connecting lines equal to 2.
For sections where an interoffice cable runs from UPATS of the TPPep-10´2 type (25th, 20th, etc.), regardless of the presence of other interoffice cables, we use one channel for connecting lines.
The number of distribution, spare and special-purpose channels is taken equal to 1 for all sections.
Table 8.3
| plot number | Section length, m | Cable brand | Projected number of channels | Number of pipes | Number of wells type | |||||||
| Mag. | Ras. | SL | Zap. | S/N | Total | can×km | KKS-3 | KKS-4 | KKS-5 | |||
| 1 | 380 | OKL | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 1,52 | 3 | - | - |
| 2 | 80 | TPPep-500´2 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 4 | 0,32 | 1 | - | - |
| 3 | 80 | TPPep-500´2 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 4 | 0,32 | 1 | - | - |
| 4 | 80 | TPPep-500´2 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 4 | 0,32 | 1 | - | - |
| 5 | 80 | TPPep-500´2 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 4 | 0,32 | 1 | - | - |
| 6 | 320 | TPPep-1000´2 | 2 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 5 | 1,6 | 3 | - | - |
| 7 | 90 | TPPep-1000´2 TPPep-1000´2 | 22 | 1- | -- | 1- | 1- | 7 | 0,63 | - | 1 | - |
| 8 | 670 | TPPep-1000´2TPPep-1000´2OKL | 1 | 1 | 8 | 5,36 | - | 6 | - | |||
| 9 | 280 | OKL | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 1,12 | 3 | - | - |
| 10 | 330 | 6 | 1,98 | 3 | - | - | ||||||
| 11 | 170 | 8 | 1,36 | - | 2 | - | ||||||
| 12 | 70 | TPPep-500´2 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 4 | 0,28 | 1 | - | - |
| 13 | 70 | TPPep-500´2 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 4 | 0,28 | 1 | - | - |
| 14 | 70 | TPPep-500´2 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 4 | 0,28 | 1 | - | - |
| 15 | 70 | TPPep-500´2 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 4 | 0,28 | 1 | - | - |
| 16 | 70 | TPPep-500´2 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 4 | 0,28 | 1 | - | - |
| 17 | 500 | TPPep-1000´2 TPPep-1000´2 TPPep-500´2 | 9 | 4,5 | - | 4 | - | |||||
| 18 | 80 | TPPep-1000´2 TPPep-1000´2 TPPep-1000´2 | 10 | 0,8 | - | 1 | - | |||||
| 19 | 70 | TPPep-500´2 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 4 | 0,28 | 1 | - | - |
| 20 | 400 | TPPep-1000´2 TPPep-1000´2 TPPep-1000´2 TPPep-1000´2 TPPep-10´2 | 13 | 5,2 | - | - | 3 | |||||
| 21 | 70 | CCI-500´2 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 4 | 0,28 | 1 | - | - |
| 22 | 100 | 7 | 0,7 | - | 1 | - | ||||||
| 23 | 500 | 6 | 3,0 | 4 | - | - | ||||||
| 24 | 70 | CCI-500´2 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 4 | 0,28 | 1 | - | - |
| 25 | 290 | TPPep-10´2 | 5 | 1,45 | 3 | - | - | |||||
| 26 | 200 | TZG | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 4 | 0,8 | 1 | - | - |
| 27 | 80 | TPPep-500´2 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 4 | 0,32 | 1 | - | - |
| 28 | 80 | TPPep-500´2 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 4 | 0,32 | 1 | - | - |
| 29 | 80 | TPPep-500´2 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 4 | 0,32 | 1 | - | - |
| 30 | 80 | TPPep-500´2 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 4 | 0,32 | 1 | - | - |
| 31 | 780 | TPPep-1000´2 TPPep-1000´2 | 7 | 4,68 | - | 6 | - | |||||
| 32 | 300 | TPPep-1000´2 | 2 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 5 | 1,5 | 2 | - | - |
| 33 | 340 | TPPep-1000´2 | 6 | 2,04 | 3 | - | - | |||||
| 34 | 300 |
In our age, when high technologies are increasingly being introduced into everyday life and work of a person, it is impossible to imagine a fully functioning building or enterprise without engineering communications and communication networks installed in it. These networks are used for many purposes, including communication between employees, access to a common telephone line, radio broadcasting and radio communications, and Internet access. Any enterprise is in constant contact with other organizations and structures, so the presence of communication networks at the facility is mandatory. In this article, we will talk more about the design and development of these engineering systems. By themselves, communication networks are a set of both hardware and software tools that allow different kinds and methods of communication at the facility, including communication between personnel, access to an external line, as well as notification of emergency situations. In addition to the features listed above, many others can be included. A set of features is designed individually, based on the requirements of the customer and the specifics of the organization.
DEVELOPMENT OF PROJECTS OF EXTERNAL COMMUNICATION NETWORKSThe development of projects for external communication networks, like any other systems, is carried out in several stages:
At this stage, the design phase ends, and then proceed to the installation, configuration and commissioning of the finished network. Held commissioning works and tests. Reports are generated that display the identified problems and how to resolve them. In addition, network maintenance is carried out, which includes planned Maintenance, warranty and non-warranty work. As a result, it becomes obvious that in our time, communication systems are a necessary attribute of the operation of any building and the activity of any enterprise. They allow the employee to contact both with each other and with other departments and divisions. The outer part of these communications has great importance and its installation must be carried out in accordance with all norms and rules prescribed in the legislation. In addition, any work must be carried out only by highly qualified specialists. More on the topic
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