Presentation on the topic "Roman numerals". Project work "Roman numerals - history and modernity" Roman numerals lesson with presentation
Roman numerals V.P. Dmitrieva "Gunbetova Karina Lecturer: Pavlikina F.A.
Definition of Roman Numerals Roman numerals are special characters used to write decimal places and their halves. To designate numbers in Roman numerals, 7 letters of the Latin alphabet are used:
Roman numerals are denoted by some letters of the Latin alphabet, namely: Number 1 - Roman numeral I Number 5 - Roman numeral V Number 10 - Roman numeral X Number 50 - Roman numeral L Number 100 - Roman numeral C Number 500 - Roman numeral D Number 1000 - Roman numeral M But it cannot be assumed that Roman numerals are the same as Latin ones. This statement would be incorrect.
History of origin The history of the Roman number system originates, of course, in ancient Rome, during the heyday of the Roman Empire. It was used more than two and a half thousand years ago and is used to this day. Roman numerals, as the main ones, have been used for a very long time. Two hundred years ago, in all business papers, only Roman numerals had to be written, since it was believed that Arabic numerals were much easier to fake. ten five
The essence of the Roman numeral system is that it uses uppercase Latin letters to designate numbers. But few people know that these letters were not chosen by chance. I - stands for one, this is one finger. V is five, an open palm on which we have 5 fingers. X is ten, two crossed palms on which we have ten fingers. Now the history of the Roman number system is not over.
Rules for writing numbers in Roman numerals - if a large number comes before a small one, then they add up (addition principle), - if a small number comes before a large one, then the smaller one is subtracted from the larger one (subtraction principle). The second rule is applied in order to avoid repeating the same number four times. So, the Roman numerals I, X, C are placed respectively before X, C, M to denote 9, 90, 900 or before V, L, D to denote 4, 40, 400.
It should be noted that performing even arithmetic operations on multi-digit numbers with Roman numerals is very inconvenient. Probably, the complexity of calculations in the Roman numbering system, based on the use of Latin letters, was one of the good reasons for replacing it with a more convenient decimal number system in this regard.
The Roman numbering system, which dominated Europe for two thousand years, is now in very limited use.
Roman numerals are used to denote: 1st century (XII century)
2.months when indicating the date on the monuments (21.V.1987) 21..1999
3.Time on watch faces
4. ordinal numbers
5.derivatives of small orders
6. To sign the sequence of notes
Roman numerals are very beautiful, and knowledge of this number system is necessary for a modern civilized person.
Thank you for your attention
Math lesson
Roman numerals
multi-digit numbers
using Roman numerals.
Lesson objectives:
- Learn basic Roman numerals
- Learn how to write multi-digit numbers in Roman numerals.
- Write numbers in Roman numerals
- Read numbers written in Roman numerals.
Key numbers
Rules for reading and writing numbers in Roman numeration
- The number must be read from left to right.
- If the smaller number comes before the larger number, then it must be subtracted from the larger number.
- If a larger number comes before a smaller one, then they need to be added.
- The same digit in a number entry should not be repeated more than three times.
The first flight lasted
108 minutes
It has been since the first flight
Cosmonaut Sergei Avdeev held in space
Went out into outer space
149 astronauts
Mutual check
- CVIII
- DXXXI
- DCCXLVII
- CXLIX
Read Pippi Longstocking's entries
In the country of Veselia CXXV inhabitants. Among them are LXX little oarsmen. On the island of DCC coconut trees and DCCL breadfruit trees. For the arrival of Captain Longstocking, the oars prepared CX necklaces made of shark teeth.
Independent work
- Level 1 Quests
No. 1 first table, No. 2
- Level 2 Quests
No. 1 second table, No. 2
- Level 3 Quests
No. 1 second table, No. 3
- Level 4 Quests
Mathematical dictation
XIV III CCXL CL XC DLX CD CII
10 4 3 240 150 90 560 400 102
Lesson summary
- In class, we learned...
- Most of all I liked …
- In life, this knowledge and skills ...
Homework
- No. 3,4 p. 24.
- Create a fun activity for your classmates using the Roman numeral rule.
- Find out what number the Romans wrote down on the temple building - MDCCLVI and what does it mean?
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