In our country, the issue of high-quality heating in apartments is quite important - after all, the majority of residents live in high-rise buildings. And, alas, the state of the heating network, even in newly built houses, can rarely provide high-quality heating for each apartment during the cold season. Therefore, it is not surprising that recently many apartment owners have begun to look for an alternative heating option. And most often they opt for such an option as an autonomous heating system at home.

Benefits of Autonomous Systems

The system of independent heating of the house appeared for the first time in Europe. However, having a significant number of advantages, it quickly spread throughout the world. Today, in most countries, residents prefer to use individual systems for heating their apartments. And not in vain, since this method has a number of advantages over a centralized system:

• affordable cost. It is this advantage of the system that often becomes decisive when a centralized system is abandoned. The fact is that even taking into account the fact that you have to pay for the amount of gas used for heating, you will pay much lower amounts for utilities. In addition, unlike a centralized system, you can use autonomous heating when it is needed. That is, if necessary, you can adjust the intensity of heating, and in case of departure - just temporarily turn it off altogether. This saves a lot of money. In addition, you will not experience the inconvenience that occurs when one of the heating elements of the centralized system riser breaks down - after all, in this case, several apartments are left without heating at once.

In addition, the cost of a new building with autonomous heating is much lower. After all, the planning and installation of a centralized system requires a significant investment from the developer, which significantly raises the price of the housing itself.

• increase in housing stock. There are often situations when the construction of an apartment building is impossible for a simple reason - in the construction area there is no possibility of connecting to the central heating main of the city. And this means that the only option to maintain heat in each apartment is to use autonomous heating systems. It should be noted that recently there are more and more houses with such a heating system. In many cities of Russia (St. Petersburg, Kaliningrad, Yekaterinburg, Bryansk, etc.), apartment buildings with autonomous heating systems were commissioned as early as 1999. And since that time, the number of high-rise buildings with individual heating of each apartment has been growing rapidly.

• saving natural resources. By phasing out district heating, users are thereby greatly helping to save a huge amount of resources that previously had to be spent on heating a house. In addition, with individual heating, it becomes possible to independently adjust the heating level. But even in this case, the heating boiler is often turned off by the user - that is, there is an additional saving of natural gas.
• improving the quality of heating. In fact, those who switched from centralized heating to autonomous heating in an apartment building notice a significant improvement in the level of heating. Quite often this is due to the fact that heat is constantly leaking in a centralized system. In addition, autonomous heating of a residential building, located in one apartment, requires much less money and time for prevention.

Another advantage of autonomous heating can be called the fact that the system also allows you to constantly heat water. That is, there is simply no need to use such resource-intensive boilers.

Disadvantages of autonomous heating

Like any other heating system, an individual one also has its drawbacks. The most serious are:

• user negligence. Any system in the house, whether it be heating or sewer, requires periodic preventive inspection and maintenance. And often the reason for a significant decrease in the efficiency of the system is just the long absence of service repairs. As a rule, the system should be inspected by a specialist at least once a year. But many users simply forget about it, or simply do not want to spend money again. In fact, a preventive inspection of the system by a specialist is inexpensive, but it can save you from a major breakdown in the future.
• the need to create a high-quality ventilation system and the negative impact on the environment. It should be noted that today the problem is less relevant than 10 years ago. Projects and rules for creating ventilation systems are approved by law, and quite a lot of attention is paid to this issue when planning a house.

• decrease in the efficiency of the system due to unheated adjacent rooms. Unfortunately, this problem is very relevant. It especially affects those who, having purchased an apartment with individual heating in a new house, do not have neighbors. In empty apartments due to the lack of residents, autonomous heating of houses does not work. That is - common walls always remain cold. As a result, this significantly reduces the level of heating in the occupied apartments. However, many owners of apartment buildings were able to solve this problem. A modern heating system is installed in each individual apartment, which allows you to automatically maintain the minimum level of heating, without requiring constant monitoring.

Every year more and more houses are put into operation, in which each individual apartment has its own heating system. The systems are regularly upgraded, which makes their implementation and use as efficient and more affordable as possible.

To date, there are many solutions to such a difficult task as. This can be external thermal insulation, replacement of old windows with modern double-glazed windows and installation of additional heating sources. But all these methods are not always effective enough. If the quality remains unsatisfactory, an individual source of heat supply can save the situation.

Autonomous heating in the apartment makes it possible to independently regulate the temperature of the coolant and choose the time for connecting the heating equipment (communal services perform this procedure according to the seasonal schedule).

In addition, an individual system does not experience temperature drops and pressure surges, it is not threatened by water hammer, which means that the equipment will last a long time and reliably.

Permission for individual heating of the apartment

Refusal of central heating must be formalized before the start of work, as they are directly related to the central heating system of the building. The transition from general to individual heating includes a change in engineering communications, the transfer of equipment and documentary evidence of the procedures performed (new technical passport).

Legal side of the issue

Regulatory documentation for the reconstruction of residential premises consists of 4 tbsp. LCD and several special provisions of the Town Planning Code regarding changes in the in-house heating system, namely:

• draft changes;
• procedure for issuing permits;
• issuance of an act of commissioning;
• other regulatory documents.

The issuance of relevant documentation is supervised by local governments. Also, taking into account the provision on the common ownership of property by the owners (Article 36 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation), which are all residents of the house, consent to the procedure from them will be required.

Required documents

There are requirements regarding the technical characteristics of equipment that is installed when switching to independent heating. These include the permission of Rostekhnadzor, the necessary certificates, installation instructions, and the conclusion of the sanitary authorities.

Together with the application of the approved form, the necessary documents are submitted to local authorities (Article 26 of the RF LC): a draft diagram and a package of technical acts for the installation of individual heating.

According to the law, the development of the project is carried out by a licensed company with SRO approvals.

The licensing authorities have 45 days to make a decision. If the answer is yes, the applicant receives a document giving the right to carry out measurements, transfer communications, installation and other procedures provided for in the project documentation.

If the members of the commission made a decision to refuse the possibility of switching to autonomous heating, it can be appealed in court.

Responsibility

Without the approval of the project, the installation of individual heating is regarded as unauthorized redevelopment. The homeowner is held liable and sanctions are applied to him in the form of a fine (1000 - 1500 rubles) or arrest for 15 days.

All illegal changes in the heating system must be restored.

Type of energy carrier

There are several ways in which they refuse the services of state-owned enterprises and switch to individual service. First you need to consider all the options and choose the best one from them. The choice will directly depend on the type of energy that is used to heat residential premises in an apartment building.

Gas

The most popular resource in our country. The gas heating system has many advantages:

• multi-level equipment protection system and the ability to maintain a stable temperature regardless of gas pressure;
• silent compact boiler that does not require much space for installation;
• no need to install a chimney;
• affordable price that will suit most residents of city apartments.

Modern gas boilers are equipped with an electronic control system and meet all safety requirements.

Their only drawback is the burning of oxygen, but this is easily eliminated by elementary ventilation.

Electricity

Dwellings can become a system with an electric heater. Electrical energy is instantly converted into thermal energy, so you can do without an additional coolant.

This method is environmentally friendly, quiet, easy to install and easy to operate. The dimensions of the equipment are also compact, so it will not clutter up the room.

The disadvantages include rather high costs for consumed electricity and complete dependence on its supply.

Types of heating

Depending on the type of coolant in an apartment building, the system is divided into air, gas and water.

Air

Air heating for apartments with such a system does not need to lay pipes. The heating structure is powered by electricity and distributes heat by convection or ventilation.

Gas

The gas heating system is carried out using convectors. In such devices, the products of gas combustion heat the air in the room to the desired temperature. The installation of gas convectors requires the organization of a chimney channel in the wall. The built-in thermostat allows you to automatically control the heating of the room.

Water

Water autonomous heating consists in heating water and circulating it through pipes fixed along the walls (batteries) or along the floor (warm floor).

Most apartment owners who decide to abandon central heating prefer a water heating system for their homes. It will be discussed in the following sections.

Features of the water system

The water heating scheme operates according to the method of natural or forced circulation of the coolant, which flows in a vicious circle. The natural type is characterized by the installation of pipes at a slight slope. A hydrostatic head is created in the line due to the difference in the density of hot and cooled water.

For forced circulation, it is necessary to install a heating boiler with a built-in pump, which creates the movement of the coolant in the system. In apartment buildings, an individual heating system with forced circulation is usually installed.

System device

The water system can be one-pipe and two-pipe.

Single pipe

In the first case, the pipeline is not divided into supply and discharge.

The radiators here are connected in series, so they warm up unevenly - the one farthest from the heating boiler has a temperature lower than the nearest one.

Two-pipe

With the second type of system, everything happens differently.

Hot water flows through the supply pipe to the batteries, and the return pipe takes the cooled coolant to the boiler. All radiators emit the same temperature, besides, they can be turned off individually and the degree of heating can be adjusted.

Due to a number of advantages, experts advise opting for a water heating system with forced circulation, arranged according to a two-pipe scheme.

Project and materials

Even if the installation of the heating system in the apartment of a high-rise building will be done by hand, do not neglect the drafting of the project. This will greatly facilitate the main process and help to comply with the technology.

In the project document, it is necessary to indicate the type of system, all materials that will be used during the work, their type and quantity. A piping layout drawing must also be drawn up, indicating:

1. pipeline diameter;
2. its angle of inclination;
3. directions for connecting radiators (bottom, top, side);
4. places of installation of heating devices;
5. heating boiler wiring diagrams.

Materials and tools

The project will require the following equipment and materials:

• a boiler with a circulation pump suitable for the type of fuel available;
• expansion tank;
• radiators;
• pipes;
• taps and fittings;
• tow;
• mounts.

Autonomous heating of the apartment provides for the installation of system elements that are made from different materials. The best choice according to the ratio of price and quality will be steel radiators and plastic pipes. To install them, you need a special tool:

1. wrenches of various sizes;
2. level, tape measure, pencil;
3. perforator;
4. soldering iron for pipes.

Assembly process

Installation work on the installation of the heating system is carried out in accordance with technological requirements and is carried out in several stages. Failure to comply with clear rules and requirements can cause incorrect operation of the equipment and lead to an emergency.

markup

First of all, markings are applied in places where pipes will pass and radiators will be installed.

In order for the elements of the highway to be on the same level, as required by the technology, marks are placed using a level.

At the next stage, the batteries are attached to their seats. To do this, holes for fasteners are drilled at the marked points with a puncher, which must be fixed with dowels.

Radiators are hung on the installed fasteners, and fittings are screwed to them.

Then proceed to the drawing of pipes. Their assembly begins from the beginning of the wiring and, accordingly, the return. Using a soldering iron, fittings are welded to the edges of the pipes, which will connect the line to the heating boiler. The soldering process consists in the fact that the edges of the pipes are cleaned from the foil and inserted into the nozzle of a heated soldering iron, in parallel, the fitting is heated in the same way to the desired temperature (mainly 260 ° C).

Next, the parts are joined with hot edges in a straight line and pressed tightly - this is how a homogeneous one-piece connection is formed. Similarly, the edges of the contour details are connected along the entire perimeter of the apartment. To avoid deformation of the pipes, every 65 - 70 cm they are fixed to the wall with fasteners.

At the junction of radiators with plastic elements of the heating system, corner valves are welded. The system is ready for connection to a gas boiler, the installation and connection of which is best entrusted to qualified specialists due to the complexity of the work and the increased safety measures for their implementation.

what do you need to know?

What is the difference between central and autonomous heating? Before choosing a system for a house and an apartment, you need to understand the pros and cons. Consider what equipment you will need. Find out which fuel is best to use. And of course, do not make common mistakes.

Distinguish between central and autonomous

Central heating

This is a system in which a CHP or boiler house is a source of heat and runs on fuel. It is located in a separate building. Heat is sent through pipes to apartments and is given off by heating devices - radiators. The coolant is in the form of water, steam, air.

Water heating- Water circulates in pipes. It is heated in the boiler room and brings heat from the fuel to the radiators through pipes. Radiators release heat energy into the room. In winter, the surface of the radiators heats up to 60-70 degrees. In frosts they are heated up to 80 degrees.

Networks are designed single-pipe, two-pipe, multi-pipe. In cities, networks are organized according to the two-pipe principle. Through the second pipe, the cooled "reverse" water returns to the boiler. This is how the whole system circulates, heat goes from the boiler room to the residents of the houses. Water heating complies with sanitary and hygienic standards, so it is most often used in residential buildings, schools, kindergartens and hospitals.

With air heating already hot air moves through the pipes and gives off heat to the room. For heating, central air heaters or heaters are used. Such a system, like water heating, does not harm health due to hygiene.

Steam heating prohibited from use in residential buildings. The heat carrier is steam, the heat source is a steam boiler. Cons of this type of heating: it is impossible to regulate the smoothness of temperature, it makes noise, the surfaces of heating devices get very hot.

Pros and cons of central heating

+	-
City services monitor the equipment;	The serviceability of urban equipment depends on the wear and tear and conscientiousness of the housing office staff;
They also repair and maintain the system, but this also gives rise to disadvantages.	It is impossible to regulate the heating temperature - it is the same in all rooms, and this is not always comfortable;
	Pressure sometimes jumps in the system, this leads to accidents;
	Large losses at the stage of heat delivery: each kilometer is lost 1 degree;
	The timing of seasonal shutdowns is not controlled by residents.

Heating system

Autonomous means independent. has many advantages. It does not depend on central systems. The boiler is located directly at home, and you control the heating yourself. Residents do not overpay monthly due to the remoteness of the heat source, they do not suffer from pipe wear. Organizing autonomous heating is expensive, but it quickly pays off. There is gas, electric and stove or fireplace.

1. Gas heating. Gas is the cheapest fuel in Russia, so gas heating is popular among owners of private houses. The principle of the device is simple - you need a boiler, a water system and batteries as heating devices. We bring gas to the boiler and start the system. It is important not to confuse liquefied and main gas. If you heat with imported cylinders, then this is 5 times more expensive than electric heating.

An autonomous gas system is a treasure not only for a house, but also for an apartment. When comparing two equal areas, in an apartment with autonomous gas heating, the payment of utility bills is 1.5-2 times less than with central heating.

Pros and cons of gas heating:

2. Electric heating. Gas is not available everywhere. Therefore, people have to choose alternative heat sources. Electricity is clean energy. The cheapest equipment, but not too economical to use. Compared to liquid heat transfer fluids, electrical energy is converted into heat without loss. Therefore, electric heating has the highest efficiency. Efficiency is the amount of heat per unit of resource/fuel used.

Pros and cons of electric heating:

+	-
Many solutions: radiators, convectors, underfloor heating, walls and skirting boards;	We need a powerful serviceable network and wiring;
Savings on plumbing to the house;	You depend on electricity;
No need to purchase fuel and take care of its storage;	Expensive resource.
Compact equipment;
No leaks;
Safely;
Eco-friendly;
There is no dependence on the central system.

Electric heating is distinguished by the heat source. Consider the most popular.

Provide water heating: the boiler heats the coolant - water. Cold water becomes hot and circulates through pipes, permeating the house. Electricity energy is converted into heat. This system is chosen in the absence of conducted gas.

Boilers come in different shapes and modifications. The main thing in the device is a heat exchanger and a control unit - parameters are set on it and the serviceability is monitored. When the device overheats, it notifies you of the need to cool down. At critical levels, the unit turns off the system on the machine.

In addition to boilers, there are. A powerful heating element that does not burn oxygen and does not disturb the microclimate of the house. They work silently, are easy to manage: you program, and the system itself maintains a comfortable temperature. If the owner is absent for a long time, there is a standby mode in an economical format.

infrared heating also applies to electric heating. It happens in the form of panels or film. Quickly makes the house warm by heating interior items and surfaces - floors, ceilings, walls.

The system is hidden from view and can be combined with any decorative floor covering. This is a comfortable temperature and fast heating.

Maintain the temperature and provide a thermal curtain. They heat the house faster than water systems, but burn oxygen.

suitable for small houses where there is no main natural gas. And for areas where there are no problems with solid fuel: coal, wood or pellets. Coal and wood are considered cheap fuels. Pellets, or wood pellets, are made from wood waste. They are popular in Europe, and now they have come to us. This type of fuel is almost 3 times more expensive than gas.

Such heating does not depend on the availability of electricity and remoteness from the city. The equipment is affordable, not whimsical in operation. There are no complex software devices in the design. No need to involve specialists for maintenance.

Cons: takes a long time to heat up, not suitable for medium and large houses, low efficiency. You need a place to store firewood or coal. The stove also takes up a lot of space in the house, you need to look after and throw fuel. An exception is long-burning cast-iron stoves.

Pros and cons of autonomous heating

+	-
Independent control over the heating mode, you can turn it on on convenient days and times of the day;	When installing equipment, approvals are required for the planned system;
There is no dependence on third-party organizations: if an accident occurs in the central system, this does not apply to owners of autonomous heating;	Expensive installation;
Possibility to choose equipment and system scheme. This allows you to adjust it to the needs of the family;	Troubleshooting and repairs at own expense;
If the situation or the size of the family changes, it is possible to “reshape” the system with the help of professionals;	The hassle of acquiring fuel, storage, if it is not electricity;
Savings on monthly payments as there is no heat loss as with central heating.	Serviced by the owner.

We determine the equipment home

When connecting a house to a central system, you will have to choose from three possible schemes: independent, elevator, dependent direct-flow. They differ in the equipment used.

1. Independent the scheme is chosen when it is necessary to avoid pressure surges in the system due to the design features of the house. If the system is made of plastic pipes, this is required. You will need a circulation pump - it helps to reduce resource costs and eases the load on the equipment. And you need an expansion tank. It compensates for excess pressure when the coolant (water) expands during the heating process.
2. Second scheme: e levator node helps to adapt the hot water of the central network, where the standard is up to 150 degrees, to the standard of the house system - around 90 degrees. The water in the storage compartment of the house is mixed with the superheated water of the central system. The elevator performs 3 functions: pump, hot water flow and temperature regulator, mixer. This method of organizing heating is popular.
3. Direct-flow dependent The system is easy to set up, operate and maintain. There is only a central boiler room, pipe system and radiators. No more equipment. Plastic pipes and aluminum radiators are prohibited due to high pressure and pressure drops.

In apartment buildings, central heating does not require special equipment. But still, there are rules. Heating is done according to four schemes:

1. Single pipe works in Stalinist and Khrushchev houses. There is one highway, both supply and return pass through it. Minus in large heat losses as you move away from the heat source. This can be prevented by increasing the number of sections along the movement of water in the pipes. In this scheme, it will not be possible to regulate the temperature. If there is a desire to change radiators, then you can not change to radiators of another construct. This leads to malfunctions of the heating.
2. « Leningradka"- an advanced analogue of a single-pipe circuit. With the help of a bypass, the supply of coolant (water or steam) in the system is regulated. Bypass - a pipe jumper that connects the direct radiator connection to the return one. When looking at the battery, it is a thin pipe connecting the upper and lower levels of pipes in front of the radiator.
3. Two-pipe scheme works on the principle of separation of the supply and return lines. With this scheme, you can change radiators within the recommended models and install regulators to control parameters, even automatic ones.
4. Beam scheme installed in new buildings of a special type. Devices are connected in parallel and they do not affect each other. It is possible to control the level of heat supply. Within the apartment, you can design a configuration.

The working pressure in the central system is from 8 to 10 atmospheres. And at the time of pressure testing - from 12 to 14. Therefore, PVC pipes are not suitable. Radiators made of aluminum will also not withstand such loads. It is better to take steel, bimetallic or cast iron. Too lightweight radiators are a sign of poor quality. It's better not to save here.

Autonomous heating in a private house

If there is no alternative to central heating, and engineering communications are not planned nearby, then autonomy is inevitable. What does an autonomous system for the home consist of? This is a device for heating, pipelines and valves.

The choice of equipment for a private house begins with the definition of a boiler. What are boilers?

• - firewood, coal, pellets are fuel. They rank second in terms of efficiency after gas. But the process of exploitation is laborious. Pros: easy to get, quickly ignites. Cons: low efficiency - 70%, frequent cleaning of combustion products, soot in the boiler room. You will need a warehouse for fuel, it needs to be loaded frequently. It is also important to consider the draft regulator. In order not to overheat the parts in the absence of electricity, a chimney is designed. Suitable as a backup or auxiliary source of heat: heat the house to the desired temperature, and then turn on the electric boiler to maintain it.

• - the cheapest installation and equipment, but the most expensive fuel. If there is no gas, then the best type of heating. Eco-friendly, no harmful emissions, high efficiency, no need to build a separate boiler room and chimney. Before buying equipment, it is better to clarify how much power can be used to determine the load. Electric boilers are silent, no maintenance, the temperature can be controlled automatically. Cons: expensive resource, electrical dependence, do not work well when power drops.

For the boiler, it is better to prepare a separate place or room. If there is enough space, then choose a floor boiler. If there is no extra space, then a mounted boiler will do.

It is better to design a heating scheme for a private house already at the construction stage. Having a layout of pipes around the house, it will be possible to leave holes for them in advance. With a house area of ​​​​200 m2, it is better to choose a boiler with two system circuits. You will also need an expansion tank and a heating circulation pump.

Autonomous heating in an apartment building

It is difficult, but possible, to abandon the central one and switch to autonomous heating. It is illegal to change heating communications without permission. Public utilities are reluctant to part with payers. To do this, it is necessary to achieve a decision through the court to disconnect from the central system. First you need to clarify in the housing and communal services whether it is possible to realize this. At the same time, they order the development of an individual project, receive the necessary signatures from firefighters and housing and communal services. Collect a package of documents: diagrams and technical documentation. Obtain permission from the Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision. Next, they look for equipment and install it correctly.

To switch to autonomous heating of an apartment, you need:

• Buy and install a heat exchanger. It is hung on the wall above the line of radiators;
• Select and install the boiler. It is important not to save on equipment, to give preference to models with a security system and with a closed combustion chamber. Take into account the pressure and temperature of the water in the system;
• The scheme is determined based on the layout. Often preference is given to Leningrad: a single-pipe scheme with parallel placement of radiators.

When switching to an autonomous heating system, any uncoordinated procedure can lead to heat loss from neighbors.

Learning from others' mistakes

How to avoid inefficient operation of the system, and not to make popular mistakes, will be discussed in the final chapter.

• The scheme of the heating system should be developed by professionals. At the same time, the plumber can go on vacation, and force majeure can happen to the residents. Therefore, not only the one who serves should know the scheme, the owner should also have it.
• Incorrectly selected pipes lead to unnecessary costs and breakdown of the system.
• It is better to purchase only parts that are homogeneous in material: they have similar thermal properties. If heterogeneity is unavoidable, then such parts are connected by protective joints or gaskets.
• In order for the equipment to work smoothly, install it according to the rules: free access, without overheating in the sun, without blowing. It is forbidden to install gas equipment in a hidden way.
• When a plumber recommends buying and installing valves, it is best to listen to him so that the system does not get airy and there are no problems with heating.
• Safety is more important than economy. The equipment is put on for years. It is better to immediately prepare for the costs at the installation stage. Then in the future there will be no repair costs and emergencies.
• You can’t buy a gas boiler with more power than you need, because. this will lead to increased gas consumption and additional costs. Recall that for every 10 m 2 of the house plans 1 kW of power. If the house is 250 m 2, then we multiply 250 by 1 and divide by 10, we get 25 kW of power.
• Reduce heat loss when decorating a house. Insulate walls, upper floors, roof. Otherwise, the heat leaves the street.

Building yard

Heating types. Overview of systems.

/articles/tipy-otopleniia-obzor-sistem/

Anton Tsugunov

Reading time: 5 minutes

Many do not even suspect that it is possible to equip individual heating in an apartment, as well as in a private house. However, for some apartment owners, the issue of heating is so acute that they are seriously considering this option. We will find out how realistic this is, what permits will be required and which autonomous heating system to prefer.

What makes the tenants of high-rise buildings think about abandoning the central heating system and connecting an autonomous heating system? There are many reasons for this:

• unjustified cost of utility bills;
• poor-quality heating, which cannot cope with maintaining a comfortable temperature in the home during the cold season without the use of additional heat sources;
• unfavorable location of the apartment, requiring more heat - corner room, first floor;
• dependence on the established dates for the beginning and end of the heating season, which makes you feel cold in autumn and suffer from heat in spring;
• the need to maintain the desired temperature at all times, paying only for actual heat consumption.

Advantages and disadvantages of independent heating

To understand whether it makes sense to abandon central heating in favor of an autonomous one, it is worth weighing all the pros and cons of a separate option.

Advantages:

• Substantial savings. According to the reviews of owners who have switched to autonomous gas heating, the cost of heating an apartment is reduced by 6-7 times.
• Complete independence from the timing of the beginning and end of the heating season.
• The ability to adjust the temperature to your liking. Some systems allow you to set the desired mode, in which the intensity of heating changes at specified intervals. For example, when all family members are at work or school, the temperature drops by several degrees, and rises again in the evening. This allows you to further increase your savings.
• Uninterrupted supply of hot water.
• Free choice of radiators. Any batteries are suitable for an individual system, since there is no possibility of water hammer.

Flaws:

• High cost of equipment.
• Dependence of modern models of boilers on power supply.
• The need to install a new heating circuit.
• In many cases - the need for arranging a suitable exhaust duct.

You can learn more about the advantages and disadvantages of autonomous heating in an apartment of a multi-storey building from the words of the owners by watching the video.

What is autonomous heating

The transition to individual heating of an apartment involves the rejection of the use of a common house heat supply system and the dismantling of radiators and pipes related to it. Instead, new lines and batteries are installed, which are connected to the heater. Two types of installations are traditionally used in apartments - gas and electric boilers. The principle of operation of the device is simple: it raises the degree of water and makes it circulate through the system, heating the room in the desired mode.

Boiler types

All devices can also be divided into two types:

• single-circuit - working exclusively for heating;
• double-circuit - additionally providing hot water supply.

Depending on the installation method, heating boilers are wall-mounted (as in the next photo) and floor-standing. The former are more popular because of their compactness and lower price. The latter have more power and a longer service life.

Electric boilers

Electrical installations are affordable and have a high level of safety. They can be installed anywhere in the apartment. Unfortunately, such a unit is not suitable for a house with old wiring due to the risk of constantly knocking out traffic jams.

gas boilers

Gas appliances are more expensive, but they last a long time and quickly pay off during operation, because they use a cheaper energy source. The gas-fired heater has a special chamber for fuel combustion and a smoke exhaust system to avoid any inconvenience to the inhabitants of the apartment.

The choice of a boiler depends on many conditions, including the size of housing, so its choice must be approached very responsibly.

Advice. It is believed that to heat a standard room with a ceiling of three meters in height, the area of ​​​​which is 10 m2, you need 1 kW of heating boiler power. To calculate the required resource of the heating device, divide the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room by 10.

Heating scheme

District heating uses a single-pipe scheme, which is inferior in efficiency. The single pipe system is used only for a small number of radiators in a situation where savings are needed.

The best choice for individual heating is a two-pipe scheme. It has such advantages:

• use of pipes and fittings of smaller diameter;
• high pressure stability in the system;
• the possibility of installing automatic flow regulators on all batteries that will work without prejudice to heating others;
• independent connection of each heating section, allowing it to be removed for maintenance or gaining access to a niche during repairs.

Is it legal to install an individual heating system?

There is a lot of controversy and litigation on the topic of the legality of autonomous heat supply equipment in a separate apartment. It all started with the fact that in 2010 the Government of the Russian Federation banned the disconnection from the general heat supply and the transfer to individual heating complexes, forcing many people to give up. However, already in 2012, a new decree was adopted regarding the procedure for connecting heating systems. It provides a list of heat sources that are prohibited for use in apartments. This list does not include modern certified heating boilers. Therefore, the legislation does not prohibit the installation of your own heating, and all restrictions apply only to the technical characteristics of heating devices.

This does not mean that the owner of the premises can freely make individual heating. Before you start refurbishment, you need to obtain permission from local authorities. If the administration refuses to issue it on the basis of Art. 14 of the Federal Law "On Heat Supply", you can safely go to court, since such a refusal is illegal.

How to get permission

For sanction for the arrangement of autonomous heating, they apply to the district administration, or rather to the interdepartmental commission responsible for the use of the housing stock. Not later than a month and a half later, officials give an official answer. The administration can take a list of papers that you need to provide to obtain permission.

Approximate list of documents

Since the installation of your own heating system refers to the conversion of a residential building, the list will include:

• an application made in a special form;
• documents establishing the right to own housing: a certificate of state registration, an act of transfer of ownership, a donation agreement, a document confirming the right to inherit (originals or copies certified by a notary);
• certified copies for each owner and a statement signed by all owners (if the apartment is in shared ownership);
• a copy of the registration certificate of the premises;
• the consent of the family members of the tenant and the tenants of the apartment building, drawn up in the form of a protocol of the meeting of apartment owners (if the area is municipal);
• conclusion of the body responsible for the protection of architectural, historical or cultural heritage about the possibility of redevelopment (if the house is an architectural, cultural or historical value).

The most difficult thing will be to prepare and submit technical documentation. It includes:

• redevelopment project during the installation of a gas boiler, including gasification of the premises and changes to the central heating system;
• a copy of the passport for the electric boiler, technical conditions, an agreement confirming the permission of the maximum power that exceeds the capabilities of the boiler (when choosing an electric heating device);
• TU for disconnecting the wiring in the apartment from the common house heating system;
• TU ventilation;
• Specifications for supplying gas networks.

Where to get the necessary documents

Collecting the required papers can take a lot of time and effort, because you will have to contact many services and organizations.

1. For permission to turn off the apartment from the general house heating, go to the city heating network. A refusal can be obtained only in one case: if the removal of radiators will lead to a disruption in the operation of equipment in neighboring apartments.
2. Technical specifications for the installation of a gas installation are given by the gas service. To receive them, you need to go to the district housing office, from where a letter with a request is sent to the department.
3. The design organization is in charge of the refurbishment plan. This document should contain all information about the future system, technical solutions and calculations.
4. The finished redevelopment project requires coordination with the authorities from which the specifications were obtained, as well as with the fire service and SES authorities.

What to do when permission is granted

If everything is done correctly and it was possible to get a positive answer, the next step will be the purchase of equipment and the conclusion of an agreement with an organization that will install autonomous heating.