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Purpose and scope of the electric hoist. Appointment of the hoist, device and scope of application Device and principle of operation of the electric hoist

Hoists are usually called quite simple in the device load-lifting mechanisms of small size. Hoists are divided according to the principle of drive into manual and electric. Electric hoists are sometimes also called hoists. In a hoist with a manual drive, a calibrated chain (usually plate or welded) is used as a traction mechanism, which goes around sprockets or chain blocks. It is the presence of chains that makes it possible to do without a drum in the design of the hoist, which makes the entire mechanism much more compact and lighter in weight.

At present, manual hoists equipped with a worm gear are in the greatest demand. Although lever hoists, of course, find their consumer. As a rule, a manual hoist is suspended above the load with a hook and works in a stationary mode. But there is also a large number of mobile carts, complete with which the hoist acquires mobility.

The mechanism of operation of a manual hoist on the example of a worm hoist

Specify the specification of models and characteristics in the section worm gear hoists

To begin with, the load is captured using a hook or other load handling device attached to the hook of the hoist.

Then the drive unit chain is rotated, in which the movement through the worm and worm wheel is transmitted to the drive sprocket.

The sprocket, in turn, with the help of the load chain, raises or lowers the entire hook clip.

To increase the efficiency of the hoist, the worm gear in it is made non-self-locking, with a two-lead worm. Based on this, in order to best hold the load being lifted and ensure safety when lowering it, load-resistant brakes (usually conical or disc) are installed in worm hoists.

To create a braking torque, these brakes use the axial force of the worm, which is created by the gravity of the lifted load.

1.6 - hooks, 2.9 - chains, 3 - brake, 4 - sprocket, 5 - worm wheel; 7 - block; 8 - worm

Scheme of operation of an electric hoist (hoist)

Specify the specifications of models, characteristics and prices in the section electric hoists

The winch drum is rotated by an electric motor through a gearbox.

On this drum, bending around the block, a rope is wound, which is fixed at one end on the body of the hoist.

An electromagnetic disc brake is installed on the shaft on the same axis as the hoist electric motor rotor.

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A hoist (or electric hoist) is a specialized lifting device equipped with an electric drive. Such a device provides a sufficiently high speed of movement of the load, both in the vertical and in the horizontal (along the laid beams) plane. Most often, such equipment is used in warehouses or industrial premises, that is, where transportation is carried out along clearly defined lines.

What components does the telfer consist of?

In general electric hoist device suggests modularity. Such units include: gearbox, drum, hook suspension, cargo rope, coupling, undercarriage, lifting motor. The combination of gearboxes and motors with different technical parameters serves as the basis for expanding the range of values ​​​​of transported loads and varying lifting speeds. There are hoists equipped with two-speed motors (convenient for precise placement of a given object) or frequency converters (allows starting / braking drives as smoothly as possible).

Consider the components of the electric hoist in more detail:

  1. electric motor
    The electric hoist motor is the main working element of this unit, which rotates the drum with the rope while lifting or lowering the load.
  2. Reducer
    Serves to reduce engine speed, ensure smooth braking / starting processes.
  3. Drum
    It is a hollow cylinder on which a cargo rope is wound. I must say that the device of the electric hoist is very thoughtful, and therefore the surface of the drum is covered with special helical grooves to prevent the formation of creases and overlaps when winding the rope.
  4. Brake
    Stopping the rotation of the electric motor, especially under heavy load, must be accompanied by braking of rotating systems, which is carried out by this brake.
  5. Hook
    The hook suspension includes a rotating rope block with a protective metal casing. For the convenience of carrying out slinging work, the hook itself is also capable of rotating in the required direction.
  6. Rope
    Usually, a metal chain or cable is used as a cargo rope in hoists, while one end is attached to the drum by means of cable ties, the other to the body of the hoist or hook.
  7. Coupling
    The node in question is located between the shafts of the gearbox and the motor (inside the drum). The elastic coupling smooths out peak torques.
  8. trolleys
    Telfer bodies are attached to them in such a way as to best distribute the load on all wheels, with the help of which the hoist moves along the shelves of the I-beam. Trolleys are free, electric or manually operated. Sometimes large-sized electric hoists are equipped with a pair of running carts by the manufacturer.
  9. Pendant keypad
    As a rule, it is equipped with protection against unauthorized access to the control of the device and a special emergency shutdown button.

Due to the thoughtfulness of the device of electric hoists, the units in question are capable of moving cargo to a height of up to 50 m, and the weight of transported items can be up to 16 tons. The operation of the hoist is adjusted remotely or using radio control.

The presence of a lifting mechanism is mandatory for a car repair shop, construction work or production. In many cases, the use of a crane is impractical and simple and compact devices are used. Among such equipment, the most demanded are manual mobile hoist and electric hoist. Such equipment can be used as an independent unit, and its installation does not require significant re-equipment of the premises.

Purpose and design of the hand hoist

Mechanisms for moving goods are used everywhere, and their use can replace heavy manual labor. Lifting a load to a small height is almost impossible to carry out without special equipment and a manual hoist will be the best solution for such tasks. Such a simple mechanism is able to provide vertical movement of heavy objects, and does not require an electrical connection.

The choice of mechanisms for vertical movement of cargo is quite diverse. Even for manual lifting, there are different types of hoists to meet the most demanding tasks. Depending on the purpose, you can choose a device capable of lifting a significant weight or moving it in the right direction. The ease of handling the load, its maximum weight and dimensions will affect the design of the hoist, which should ensure maximum productivity in work. Each of the mechanisms used has certain advantages and it is worth considering all their possible variations.

Gear types of hoists

The high reliability of this design is achieved due to the simplicity of its mechanism. A chain is installed on the pulley of the gear hoist, the ends of which are closed to each other. Through the gear train, the movement is transmitted to the load block, which is responsible for the vertical movement operations. To stop the movement, gear hoists have a locking mechanism that ensures that the load is held at a height without the participation of the operator. The weight to be lifted and the speed of such an operation will depend on the force applied to move the control chain.

The use of the simplest transmission mechanism guarantees reliability in operation. Such a hoist has a high load capacity, which is provided by the gear design. Equipment of this type allows lifting a load to a height of up to 12 meters, and the weight to be moved is 0.5-10 tons. For the operator, lifting such weights will be overwhelming work and models with a large load capacity have an electric drive. Simple mechanisms, on the contrary, do not need additional equipment, which makes such devices affordable.

Lever types of hoists

For most jobs, reducing physical stress is of the utmost importance. Among such equipment, the lever hoist occupies a special place. The specificity of the execution makes it possible, with little physical effort, to lift a weight that cannot even be moved manually. The maximum load capacity for such equipment is no more than 5 tons. These values ​​will be enough to service the car or perform repair work. The entire control process is carried out using a lever, which is quite convenient and safe.

The design, in which the control lever is built into the housing, also imposes some features on operation. The operator responsible for lifting the hoist must be in close proximity to the body and not under the device. This model has high mobility, which facilitates its use in an open space or in a cramped garage. Lever hoist, which stationary installation does not cause difficulties, is suitable for most tasks that do not require the use of professional equipment. The speed at which the load is moved is low, and such equipment is not suitable for rigging work, although it does an excellent job of lifting weights.

Worm types of hoists

The worm gear has been tested for centuries of operation, and this mechanism is used in almost all industries. Such equipment can move along the monorail, which greatly expands the possibilities for its use. Lifting or transporting cargo using such a mechanism is not difficult and such a device is well suited for repair work. The design of such equipment provides a swivel casing, which facilitates the operation.

The use of worm hoists, although inferior to the use of gear systems, has not completely disappeared. A more reliable mechanism that a worm hoist has is leveled by the significant dimensions of the case, due to the features of its design. However, such equipment allows you to lift weights up to 10 tons. The movements of the traction wheel are quite easy to move, and for heavy loads, you should choose a model that has an electric motor in its composition. The dimensions of the hoists directly depend on its carrying capacity, and devices that perform work with a weight of up to 1 ton have the smallest dimensions.

Electric hoist

In some cases, the capabilities of a manual winch are not enough, and further refinement is necessary. An electric motor is installed to provide greater load capacity and increase speed. Such a hoist, in all respects, is significantly superior to any mechanism that works due to the muscular strength of a person. It is used as an integral part of lifting devices or separate equipment. The use of such equipment can significantly increase the productivity of work in areas where the speed of cargo movement is important.

The structural elements of which the hoist is made do not cause difficulties in operation and consist of the following parts:

  • Electric motor - needed to automate the entire process of work;
  • Reducer - provides a reduction in engine speed and smooth running;
  • Coupling - protects the shaft from excessive vibrations and damage;
  • Drum - provides winding of the cable and regulates the position of the load;
  • Case - guarantees the integrity and functionality of all elements.

Due to the various installation options, the electric mobile hoist can be designed as a gear or a worm. Among all similar mechanisms, the hoist has the highest degree of security. The presence of limit switches, the use of a limiting clutch and engine protection practically exclude emergency situations when working with such a device. The most well-proven Bulgarian hoists, which have an excellent combination of power and reliability.

Appointment of electric and manual hoists

When choosing a hoist, you should take the time to prepare the workplace, which will help formulate the requirements for such equipment. For operations with not too heavy objects and their rare lifting, a manual hoist with chain equipment or using a cable is suitable. Worm hoists are practically not produced now, since gear models are much more convenient to use. For rooms with high ceilings, manual chain hoists are suitable, which are able to provide full control over the process of moving the load.

Using a hoist, you can solve completely different problems. The main disadvantage of manual chain or cable traction devices is the low lifting speed. Models that have an engine in their design are completely devoid of such shortcomings. For rigging services or with intensive work of lifting equipment, purchasing a hoist will be the best solution. Powerful electric hoist, the mobile system of which is automated, guarantees high speed of work and a minimum share of manual labor.

Application of hoists

Lifting weights is always associated with inconvenience, and excessive loads do not go unnoticed for a person. A small mobile hoist will come in handy in any garage and will be appropriate in a country house or a country house. For applications in limited space, lever models will have a significant advantage and guarantee the performance of the most difficult jobs. In production conditions, a mobile hoist will ensure the fulfillment of all tasks and eliminate unnecessary manual labor.

Although the electric chain hoist has a higher price, such a purchase will be justified when working with a load exceeding a weight of 2 tons. In most cases, TRSHP is quite enough, the mobile system of which does not imply the installation of an engine. The characteristics of the hoists vary significantly depending on the design and load capacity, but choosing the right model is quite simple, knowing their classification and scope.

If you have any questions - leave them in the comments below the article. We or our visitors will be happy to answer them.

Tali (or otherwise - hoists) are lifting suspension devices, consisting, as a rule, of movable and fixed blocks, as well as a cable (the so-called fall). They perform the following main task: lifting and moving a variety of heavy loads in horizontal and vertical directions. Electric hoists are widely used in production, during construction work, as well as in ports, warehouses, etc. The advantage is that they can be used to lift and move loads even with small traffic flows, in limited conditions, and, most importantly, in the absence of power supply.


As independent lifting mechanisms, the hoists are used in industrial and metallurgical enterprises, as well as on cargo ships. At the same time, hoists often function as a component of other lifting devices. So, for example, on single-girder overhead cranes, on wall-mounted cantilever mobile and stationary wall-mounted cranes, and in addition, on monorail cargo trolleys, hoists are attached, which perform the function of a lifting mechanism.


There are several forms of implementation. So, execution can be explosive and ordinary. Unlike ordinary hoists, explosion-proof hoists have a special explosion-proof shell, which allows loading and unloading operations in non-standard conditions: with a possible explosion hazard, at high temperatures, as well as in a situation of interaction with various poisonous substances. In addition, the explosive design of the hoists involves the use of special materials that exclude the possibility of sparks during operation (due to friction, mechanical stress, etc.).


There is a so-called tropical and moderate execution of hoists. The breadth of the thermal range of use in different climatic conditions is from minus forty to plus forty degrees Celsius. To work in mines, wells, trenches, various large recesses, another variety is used - mechanical lever hoists. They are designed in such a way that the person in charge is on top, where the hoist is attached to the support. Depending on the carrying capacity, the length of the cable (or chain), as well as the control method, several types are distinguished.


According to the control method, there are two most common types of hoists:


  • hand chain hoists;

  • electric hoists (chain and rope).

IN manual in hoists, the drive is manual, while in electric hoists, respectively, the drive is electric. The hand hoist consists of a housing in which the load lifting device is located, and a hook suspension, from which the load is suspended. There is also a brake mechanism that prevents unwanted lowering of the lifted load.


Electrotal has a different device. In addition to the hook suspension, it includes a winch with a gearbox, an electric motor, a sprocket or drum, and a brake. The electric hoist is operated remotely. The process of lifting the load is started manually by a closed circuit, it is carried out using a gear or worm gear.


Worm hand hoists can be both mobile and stationary. Obviously, in comparison with manual ones, electric hoists have a number of advantages that significantly increase the ability of one worker to manage large loads of large mass (lifting, tilting, moving), and also make loading and unloading operations more convenient and productive.


  1. Firstly, electric hoists do not require the muscular strength of workers.

  2. Secondly, the electric hoist has a fairly high speed of lifting and moving goods in different directions (horizontal and vertical) compared to a manual hoist.

  3. Thirdly, the electric hoist allows the operator to control all actions with loads by remote control using a remote control or from a cab that moves simultaneously with the device.

Depending on the functions performed and the originality of the configuration, stationary and mobile hoists can also be distinguished. Both can be either manual or electric.


Stationary are used to lift loads. They are fixed permanently, and also, in case of need for horizontal movement of goods, they can be fixed on a mobile crampon.


Mobile in turn, they serve to move cargo along an overhead monorail, in addition, they can be mounted on a single-girder manual crane as a lifting mechanism.

The electric hoist is controlled remotely. Typically, the sale of this type of lifting equipment is carried out in a complete set with radio control systems or a remote control on a cable.

Electric hoist is a special device designed for lifting, lowering and moving (in the horizon) loads of various tonnage and dimensions. The competitive advantages of this type of equipment are obvious:

  • Small weight - convenience of transportation and installation. Also, no additional strengthening of the supporting / supporting structures on which the hoist will be fixed will be required (the mass of the transported goods is preliminarily calculated).
  • Compactness. The small size of the hoist allows it to be used in confined spaces.
  • Low price. The sale of this lifting equipment is carried out at an affordable cost, which allows it to be purchased by small construction firms and manufacturing companies with a limited budget.
  • Ease of maintenance and application.
  • Reliability and long service life.
  • A wide range of models - it is easy to choose an option based on the parameters of load capacity, engine power, design features. For example: talcep or rope electric, stationary or mobile, etc.

The principle of operation of the hoist

The engine through the gearbox transmits torque to the "sprocket" or drum (depending on the model), to wind the chain or cable that lifts the load. The design of the hoist also provides for an electric brake holding the load in suspension. If the hoist is mobile, i.e. capable of moving along the beam in a horizontal direction, the device is supplemented by a running (drive) trolley. Torque is also transmitted to its wheels by a gearbox from the engine.

Scope of use

The scope of telphers covers production, industrial, agricultural spheres, construction. In many cases, the use of an electric hoist is a non-alternative and the only true (from an economic point of view) option. Examples of the main areas of application of the load handling device can be given:

  • Construction. Electric hoist will help out in the course of work indoors, where it is not possible to use cranes. For example: installation of a steel flight of stairs, columns. Often used to lift building materials or structural units to a height
  • Production: metallurgy, textile industry, assembly plants (automobile, shipbuilding, aviation), etc. For industrial purposes, the electric hoist can be used as an element of a crane (attached to a cargo trolley) or independently.
  • Petrochemical, processing, mining plants and other industries with a special mode of operation. In this case, only explosion-proof hoists with a special protective shell can be used. It prevents sparks and fires.
  • In open areas - an electric hoist with protection from moisture, precipitation, dust, low temperatures is used.

In addition to the above, the hoist is actively used for loading and unloading operations on the railway, ships, airports, warehouses, service stations and repair shops. This is a truly versatile lifting device.