People and countries of Africa. "population and political map of africa" ​​- open lesson political map of africa presentation

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1. Are there differences between black and white people? 2. In whom do the peoples of Africa believe?3. What kind

Are there religions on the African continent? 4. How did slavery affect the population and economy of Africa? 5. What peoples live in Africa. What are the living conditions and traditions of these peoples?

Questions for the lesson

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M ain g s n a c t i o n s

Dark skin, hair and eyes, spirally curled or wavy hair, wide nose, thick lips

Dark skin with a yellowish tint, straight black hair, large face, narrow slit eyes

Fair to dark skin with a pinkish or reddish tint, soft, wavy or straight hair

• Equatorial (Negroid)
• Mongoloid
• caucasoid

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The racial composition of the population. Page 40

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Density and distribution of the population. Page 38

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Religions of Africa. Page 41

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Colonization of Africa. Page 63

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Africa is home to over 200 peoples belonging to 16 different language families.

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peoples of africa

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West Africa

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North Africa Semitic peoples

They live in northern Africa. They belong to the Caucasian race.

Arabs, Berbers, Tuareg

Some Arabs still roam with herds of camels across the Sahara. They are called Bedouins.

• ARAB
• Berbers
• Tuareg

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East Africa KUSHITE PEOPLES

The Kushite peoples were formed as a result of the mixing of the Caucasoid and Equatorial races.

• Peoples: Ethiopians, Amhara, Somali
• Masai

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South and Central Africa BANTU PEOPLES

Bantu is the largest group of African peoples. They inhabit the southern half of the mainland.

• Bushmen
• Hattentots Bura
• The most famous of the Bantu are the Zulus.

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pygmies

Pygmies are the shortest people in Africa - up to 150 cm.

They live in the central part of the Congo Basin. Pygmies are forest dwellers, hunters.

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NILOTIC TRIBES

After marriage, women of the Mursi tribe cut their lower lip and insert a special plate there.

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1. Are there differences between black and white people? 2. In whom do the peoples of Africa believe?

3. What religions are widespread on the African continent? 4. How did slavery affect the population and economy of Africa? 5. What peoples live in Africa. What are the living conditions and traditions of these peoples?

Big geographical atlas of the schoolboy. - ed. "AST-press" - 2005. 2. Skinshots are made from the multimedia textbook on geography for the 7th grade "Geography. Our home is the Earth. 1C: Obligatory collection.3. Sounds and photos were used from the multimedia textbook on geography for the 7th grade “Geography. Our home is the Earth. 1C: Obligatory collection.

Resources Used

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LESSON OBJECTIVES 1. NAME AND SHOW HIGH POPULATION DENSITY AREAS AND BASIC RACES; 2. EXPLAIN THE DIFFERENCES OF THE REPRESENTATIVES OF EACH RACE AND THE PRINCIPLE OF POPULATION DISTRIBUTION; 3. NAME AND SHOW THE LARGEST COUNTRIES IN AREA; 4. DETERMINE THE GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION OF THE COUNTRY AND ITS CAPITAL ON THE MAP.

Examination homework GEOGRAPHICAL DICTATION Assignment. Write down the numbers of the correct answers. 1. Savannah 2. Madagascar 3. Needles 4. Nile 5. Kilimanjaro 6. Congo 7. Desert 8. Victoria 9. Serengeti 10. Samum Question Answer 1. The largest lake in Africa by area. 2. The deepest river in Africa. 3. national park, is world renowned. four. natural area occupying 40% of the mainland. 5. Most high point mainland. 6. The largest island of the mainland. 7. The climate in this zone is tropical dry. 8. The extreme southern point of the mainland. 9. The longest river on the mainland and in the world. 10. The strongest wind carrying clouds of sand.

CHECK! Question Answer 1. The largest lake in Africa by area.8. Victoria 2. The deepest river in Africa.6. Congo 3. National park, world famous.9. Serengeti 4. Natural zone, which occupies 40% of the mainland.1. Savannah 5. The highest point of the mainland.5. Kilimanjaro 6. The largest island of the mainland.2. Madagascar 7. The climate in this zone is tropical dry.7. Desert 8. The extreme southern point of the mainland.3. Needle 9. The longest river of the mainland and the world.4. Nile 10. The strongest wind carrying clouds of sand.10. Simoom

PEOPLES OF AFRICA Name of the race PeoplesPlace of residence Character traits Equatorial (Negroid) Tutsi Nilots Masai Pygmies Savannahs and northern parts of the mainland Equatorial forest zone Very dark, almost black skin, cm height. Skin less dark, thin lips, wide nose, stocky, undersized (150 cm)

INTERESTING! It is known that people live on planet Earth with different color skin: black, yellow-faced, pale-skinned. But the Tuareg inhabiting Niger are called the "blue people of the desert." Their indigo-colored festive clothes under the bright rays of the sun cast blue reflections on the swarthy skin, and the unstable paint is absorbed into it.

INTERESTING! On the border of Uganda and Sudan live Karamojong tribes isolated from the outside world, belonging to the Nilotic group, the most tall people planets. The average height of women, who are much shorter than men, reaches 190 cm. These African gullivers are also the darkest-skinned.

DISTRIBUTION OF THE POPULATION From the analysis of the map it can be seen that the coasts of the Mediterranean Sea, the Gulf of Guinea and the southeastern coast of the mainland are relatively densely populated. High population density in the Nile Delta, where there are 1000 people per 1 km². In the Sahara desert, which occupies almost ¼ of the mainland, less than 1% of the total population lives, and in some areas it is completely absent.

CONCLUSION Africa has a population of over 780 million. Africa has a relatively sparse population, which is extremely unevenly distributed across the mainland. The distribution of the population is influenced not only by natural conditions, but also by historical reasons, primarily the consequences of the slave trade and colonial domination.

THE COLONIAL PAST OF THE MATERIAL The colonization of the mainland began in the Middle Ages. And by the beginning of the 20th century, almost the entire territory of Africa was divided among the capitalist countries of Europe and turned into the mainland of colonies (countries deprived of political and economic independence). The colonialists oppressed and exploited the indigenous population, took away the best lands, were driven from their native places to areas unsuitable for life. They ruthlessly plundered countries. At the beginning of the 20th century there were only two free states in Africa. Now on the mainland all countries are independent.

COUNTRIES OF AFRICA 1. On the map, determine which states are located in North, West, Central, East, South Africa. 2. Draw their boundaries on a contour map. 3. Student presentations. 1. On the map, determine which states are located in North, West, Central, East, South Africa. 2. Draw their boundaries on a contour map. 3. Student presentations.

Let's check! RegionsCountriesPeoplesRace North AfricaAlgeria, Morocco Libya, Mauritania Egypt, Tunisia Algerians Moroccans Egyptians French Caucasoid Central Africa Zaire, Angola Chad, Congo Cameroon, Gabon Congo Pygmies, Malawi Zulu, Fulbe Equatorial South AfricaNamibia, Botswana Mozambique, South Africa Zimbabwe, Lesotho Anglo-Africans, Bushmen Bantu Caucasoid Mongoloid Equatorial East Africa Sudan, Ethiopia Somalia, Kenya Tanzania, Zambia Ethiopians Amhara Oromo Intermediate

ANSWER THE QUESTIONS 1. Which country is located to the east - Algeria or Egypt? 2. Which state has a large area - Egypt or Sudan? 3. What peoples inhabit Africa and how are they distributed on the mainland? 4. Which African countries would you like to travel to? Why?

Lesson type: learning new educational material

Equipment: educational atlases for grade 7, textbooks, contour of the mainland, handouts, educational presentation,

Checking homework:

Working with Flipchat Activity Studios

1. Divide by natural zones:

2. Geographic Lotto Find the matching pictures and riddles.

1. Striped like a zebra,
And cowardly as a hare.
I don't attack animals.
I only eat carrion.

6. I am a bird running champion.
I can't be overtaken by an athlete

11. Armed to the “teeth”:
There is armor and a sword.
I'll run, the earth is trembling As if buckshot is beating.

2. I catch poisonous snakes
And I keep an account for them.
I wear a pen behind my ear
And I don't need an account.

7. From the red "Europeans"
The ears are distinctive,
But I'm a great predator!
I want amazing!

12. . The neck is arched
Delicate coloring.
Quietly dozing over the water
Bird or fairy tale?

All alone in the desert
I look majestic
That is why they call me divine - ....

I am a living umbrella
But underneath me
You are the shadow
You can't find sometimes

13. . I am an evergreen tree.
My inedible fruits
But for the entire population
I can give you shoes.

4. And I look like a mattress,
Watermelon and tiger too.
But you, thinking, guess
Why are we all so similar?

9. Keeps feet in icy water,
And the heat “falls” on the head.
The fruits serve as bread for the nations
Without it, "neither there nor here."

14. I am not friends with a person,
I'm not a predator though.
I don't tame
At least ask

I am an ancient plant
I am a long-liver in the savannas

I am related to monkeys.
Look for me on the island!

I want to quench your thirst
And I will fly away from diseases.

secretary bird

Flamingo

Velvichia

umbrella palm

cork oak

Date palm

Work to test knowledge of the map Game Climbing to the top.

The guys receive task cards with geographical nomenclature and mark objects on contour maps. Then, exchanging cards, they check with each other.

1. Motivation. Setting the goal of the lesson (2 min) (Front work)Presentation slide 1 Ayalneha Mulatu, a modern Ethiopian poet wrote about Africa like this

The name is not so important for the country
And the outlines are not so important
How important is who lives in that region,
Why people live and how people live.
Learn any country's special disposition
We can only recognize people.
"Whose Africa?" - ask me
And I will answer you: "She is mine,
Until death, until the end of time -
Mother of all who are born here!"

Processing of statistical material. Handout.

How is the African population changing? Why?

Name the largest countries in terms of population on the mainland.

Average population density 32 people/km2

Cities are growing - administrative, metropolitan, industrial and transport centers.

Cities - millionaires 15 The largest of them are Cairo, Lagos, 12.5 million people each.

Average life expectancy -53 years In Sierra Leone - 38 years Uganda - 41 years

3.. Many scientists consider Africa the ancestral home of modern man. In 1994, in Ethiopia, scientists determined the age of the remains ancient man- 5 million years. There is an interesting version that about 6 million years ago, in the ancestral home of mankind (in Africa), an event occurred that changed the hereditary properties of monkeys. What happened?

• (Rift zone passes)
• (Uranium ores)

Rift faults, volcanism, earthquakes could cause the appearance of an unusual human ancestor. As a result of earthquakes, uranium ores were presumably exposed. Monkeys walked on freshly fallen radioactive volcanic ash. Radiation is known to affect heredity. That is why only here the monkeys began to give birth to offspring that were not similar to themselves. The well-known biologist Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov came to the conclusion that man is something like a "monkey freak", like an extraordinary child of great apes.

So, a man of the modern type appeared in Africa 11 thousand years ago. It is believed that he was small in stature, had strong teeth, and ate plant food. It was from that moment on the mainland that various races began to form.

Race- a system of human populations characterized by similarity in a complex of certain hereditary biological traits, having an external phenotypic manifestation and formed in a certain geographical region. Traits that characterize different races often appear as a result of adaptation to different conditions environment that has taken place over many generations.

The criterion for distinguishing a race from a species is the absence of significant obstacles to the creation of fertile offspring, which leads to the formation of many transitional forms in the area of ​​mixing races.

Filling in the table "Human races and peoples of Africa" ​​(work on the textbook p. 184)

Africa as a large continent is divided into several regions.

Fill in the table taking into account the regions.

North Africa

Central Africa

South Africa

Madagascar

Caucasoid naya

Negroid

Mongoloid mixed

Pygmies, chemists

Malagasy,

Acquaintance with the peoples of Africa. Student messages (ahead of the task) Tuareg, Berbers, Nilotic, Maasai, Bushmen, Pygmies, Zulus and Ethiopians.

Resident of the peoples of Africa.

Economic activities of man.(work with a complex map)

1. Northern from northeastern - Semitic-Hamitic language family. Peoples - Arabs
2. 28 letters inscription from right to left, letters have from 2 to 4 styles. The words shop, zenith, algebra, tariff, halvah, coffee, admiral are of Arabic origin.
3. Equatorial Africa (between the Sahara and the Gulf of Guinea) - Bantu
4. East Africa - Swahili.
5. English -16 countries
6. French - 17
7. Arabic - 11
8. Portuguese - 5
9. 1/5 countries have a local language as their official language.

political map .

Map changes. National liberation movements. Fight for independence.

Fixing: Geographical dictation

1. The shortest people on Earth, living in the equatorial forests (pygmies)
2. The people inhabiting the Sahara desert, leading a nomadic lifestyle (Tuareg)
3. Inhabitants of Madagascar (Malagasy)
4. Slender tall peoples of the savannah of the eastern part of the mainland (Nilotic)
5. Representatives of the southern branch of the Caucasian race, inhabiting northern Africa (Boers)
6. Descendants of European settlers from the Netherlands, inhabiting southern Africa (Afrikaners)

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"population of Africa presentation for a geography lesson Grade 7"

African population

Geography teacher, secondary school No. 2, Aksai, Burlinsky district, West Kazakhstan region

Shchapova M.A.

African population

Class

Targets and goals:

Determine the peoples, what races inhabit the territory of Africa;

Establish the causes of geographical differences in population density, distribution of races, peoples;

Consider examples of human adaptations to the natural environment;

To study the geography of the main types of human economic activity in Africa;

Practice working with various sources knowledge: the text of the textbook, maps of the atlas, the text of the educational lecture, etc.

To form the ability to apply theoretical knowledge to acquire new information;

To form a scientific worldview, to cultivate a sense of tolerance, camaraderie, responsibility

African population

Class

Expected results:

Expand ideas about the peoples inhabiting the territory of Africa;

They will learn to establish the causes of geographical differences in population density, the spread of races, peoples;

They will gain skills in working with various sources of knowledge: the text of a textbook, atlas maps, the text of an educational lecture, etc.

Learn to apply theoretical knowledge to acquire new information;

A scientific outlook, a sense of tolerance, camaraderie, and responsibility will be formed

Population Africa

7th grade

• Divided by natural areas

• Velvichia, fennec fox, bushman, low Atmosphere pressure, leopard, Congo, Tanganyika, red ferralite, sand dunes, camel, pygmies, baobab, Bengal current, date palm, elephant grass, pastures, streams and lakes, showers, Namib, Zulu.

Lesson Plan

• Organizing time.
• Repetition of the material covered
• Learning new material.
• Consolidation of the passed

1. Striped like a zebra, And cowardly as a hare. I don't attack animals. I only eat carrion.

6. I am a bird running champion. I can't be overtaken by an athlete

2. I catch poisonous snakes And I keep an account for them. I wear a pen behind my ear And I don't need an account.

11. Armed to the “teeth”: There is armor and a sword. I'll run, the earth is trembling As if buckshot is beating.

7 . From the red "Europeans" The ears are distinctive, But I'm a great predator! I want amazing!

12. . The neck is arched Delicate coloring. Quietly dozing over the water Bird or fairy tale?

All alone in the desert I look majestic That is why they call me divine - ....

. I am a living umbrella But underneath me You are the shadow You can't find sometimes

4. And I look like a mattress, Watermelon and tiger too. But you, thinking, guess Why are we all so similar?

9. Keeps feet in icy water, And the heat “falls” on the head. The fruits serve as bread for the nations Without it, "neither there nor here."

13. . I am an evergreen tree. My inedible fruits But for the entire population I can give you shoes.

14. I am not friends with a person, I'm not a predator though. I don't tame At least ask

I am an ancient plant I am a long-liver in the savannas

I am related to monkeys. Look for me on the island!

I want to quench your thirst And I will fly away from diseases.

secretary bird

Velvichia

flamingos

umbrella

Date palm

Suberic

African population

The name is not so important for the country

And the outlines are not so important.

How important is who lives in that region,

Why people live and how people live.

Learn any country's special disposition

We can only recognize her people.

"Whose Africa?" - ask me

And I will answer you: "She is mine,

until death, until the end of time

Mother of all who are born here!”

Ailnah Mulatu modern Ethiopian poet

• 1970 - 352 million people
• 2005 - more than 800 million. people
• 800 million people = 14% of the world's population
• The largest country in terms of population is Nigeria with 125 million people. people

Population placement(work with the map on pages 12-13 of the atlas)

• Select on the map which parts of the mainland are the most populated, which are poorly populated? Why?
• Average population density 22 people/km2
• The most densely populated Egypt 1 thousand people / km2

• Average life expectancy -53 years
• In Sierra Leone - 38 years
• Uganda - 41 years old

2/3 of the population lives in rural areas

Cities are growing - administrative, metropolitan, industrial and transport centers.

Cities - millionaires 15

The largest of them is Cairo,

Lagos, 12.5 million people each

Africa is the ancestral home of mankind, the peoples of the mainland are very ancient.

Australopithecus "southern monkey" - the ancestor of man, who lived 2 - 1.5 million years ago.

• There is an interesting version that about 6 million years ago, in the ancestral home of mankind (in Africa), an event occurred that changed the hereditary properties of monkeys. What happened?
• Remember what processes took place on Earth in the early era of its development?
• What is geologically interesting about Northeast Africa? (Rift zone passes)
• What minerals are found in this part of the mainland? (Uranium ores)

Races

equatorial

Mongoloid

caucasoid

M ain g s n a c t i o n s

skin from light to dark with a pinkish or reddish tinge, hair soft, wavy or straight (usually light), forehead straight

The skin is light or dark with a yellowish tint, the hair is straight and coarse (usually black) , large, flattened face, narrow eyes

dark color of skin, hair and eyes, spirally curled or wavy hair, underdeveloped and wide nose, thick protruding lips

P r a s t a t i o n

Berbers, Arabs

Pygmies, Bantu peoples, Nilotic peoples

E + M: Bushmen, Hottentots

E + E: Ethiopians

Races and peoples of Africa (textbook work p. 184)

North Africa

Races

Caucasoid naya

Central Africa

peoples

South Africa

Bantu, Arab, Tutsi and Himi, Nilotic

Negroid

Madagascar

Mongoloid, intermediate (Ethiopians)

Pygmies, chemists

Bushmen and Hottentots, Afrikaners, British

Mongoloid mixed

Malagasy,

The Arab peoples make up the majority of the population of Egypt, Sudan, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco. The total population in Africa is about 100 million people. They speak Arabic dialects. The vast majority of Arabs are employed in agriculture - farming and cattle breeding.

Arab peoples

The Malinke are a people of the Mandigo group in Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Senegal, Mali, Gambia and Sierra Leone. The total number of 3.34 million people. The main occupation is manual farming. Many Malinke are employed in industry, administration and service. Religion is Islam.

Pygmies are undersized tribes of Central Africa, numbering 300 thousand people. They make up a pygmy negroid race, characterized by short stature, a yellowish skin tone, narrow lips, a narrow and low nose. They are engaged in hunting, gathering, fishing.

The Bantu peoples are a group of peoples that inhabit mainly the southern part of Africa. The number of 133 million people. They belong to the Negroid race. They speak Bantu languages. Most adhere to traditional beliefs.

Bantu peoples

The Hottentots are the people of South and Central Namibia (80 thousand people) and in South Africa (2 thousand people). They speak Hottentot languages. The main occupation is semi-sedentary livestock breeding. Most of them work for hire on farms, some live on reservations. Hottentots - Christians, retain traditional beliefs (spirit cults, magic).

Hottentots

The Bushmen are a people living in the desert regions of Namibia, the adjacent regions of South Africa, and also in Tanzania. The number of 75 thousand people. They speak Bushman languages.

Malagasy - the people that make up the main population of Madagascar, the anthropological and ethnic composition of the Malagasy is heterogeneous. Ethnic groups of different origins remain. The traditional occupation is agriculture and cattle breeding.

Malagasy

The Masai are a people in the border regions of Kenya and Tanzania. The number of 0.5 thousand people. The traditional occupation is nomadic cattle breeding, handicrafts.

Somalia - the people, the main population of Somalia. Live in Ethiopia, Djibouti and Kenya. The number of 6460 thousand people. They speak Somali. Occupations - nomadic cattle breeding, they are also engaged in agriculture on the coast of the Red Sea - fishing, handicrafts are developed. The Somali religion is Muslim.

The Beja are a people in Sudan and in the border regions of Ethiopia and Egypt. Number of 1.3 million people. Beja are engaged in nomadic and transhumance cattle breeding, and in the river valleys they switched to settled agriculture and cattle breeding. Crafts are developed - jewelry and leather.

• Business needs peace, but travel needs dry weather.
• Tomorrow July may fall on you too.
• The one who has not seen the Nile admires the spring.
• The dew cannot compete with the sun.
• One rotten banana will spoil the entire branch.
• You can't cross the river when it's flooding
• The cure for envious people is the desert
• The sun in our homeland makes even stones scream
• Bring dates to Barca

• What are the problems facing the people of Africa?
• How can they be solved?

• Homework: Read paragraph 51. Prepare reports on the countries of North and West Africa.

• Summing up and grading