Advertising on the portal

Beginning of World War II. Strange war The beginning of the second world war 1939 1941 presentation

World War II 1939-1945 Compiled by: Smirnova Z.F. teacher of history and social studies, MOU ASOSH No. 1 1939-1945 1941-1945 Excursus into history June 22, 1941 will forever remain in the memory of the citizens of Russia. No matter how much time has passed - 10,50,100 years - the events of the Great Patriotic War will always be our memory, bitterness ... But the further the war goes, the less direct witnesses it becomes, the lines in textbooks become shorter, it becomes more and more difficult to understand HOW it was ....

If tomorrow is a war, if tomorrow is a hike,

If the dark force comes

As one person, the entire Soviet people

Stand up for your beloved homeland.

On earth, in heaven and at sea

Our melody is both powerful and severe:

If tomorrow is a war, if tomorrow is a campaign -

Get ready to go today!

A machine gun will fire, a plane will fly,

Iron tanks roar

And the cars will go, and the infantry will go,

And dashing carts rush

World War II 1939-1945 Aggression of Nazi Germany Questions (plan) 1. Causes and periodization of the war 2. Beginning of the Second World War: attack on Poland, a strange war in Europe 3. The position of England and France. Defeat of France. "Battle for England" 4. Military operations in Africa and the Balkans Goals

  • Assimilation of knowledge on the topic
  • Source Skills: Analyzing Events Using Sources
  • Ability to express your opinion
  • Ability to lead a discussion
    • 5. Working with historical map
Beginning of World War II Historical calendar September 1, 1939 - German attack on Poland. Start of World War II Causes of World War II
  • Confrontation of states (unions Germany-Italy-Japan and England-France-USA)
  • Treaty of Versailles humiliating for Germany
  • Weak control over severe restrictions in the militarization of Germany (under the terms of the Treaty of Versailles)
  • Hitler's dream of world domination
Stages
  • 1939-1941
  • 1941-autumn 1942
  • late 1942-1943
  • 1944-1945
Reasons for German victories
  • New means of warfare (tanks, aircraft, mechanized and airborne troops)
  • Unexpected methods of blitzkrieg (lightning war)
  • The German command took into account the political and psychological aspects of the war (a long appeasement policy pursued by France and England)
  • An important role was played by the "fifth column" agency of the National Socialists in Europe (local fascist parties that received financial assistance from Germany and Italy, pro-fascist press)
1. Historical calendar

1.09.1939 - German attack on Poland.

3.09.1939 - Entry into the war of England and France.

28.09.1939 - Soviet-German Treaty of Friendship and Border.

Parade of German troops

near Gdansk

2. Historical calendar

09.04.1940 – Invasion of Denmark and Norway.

10.05.1940 – Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg.

26.05.1940 - The Dunkirk miracle.

14.06.1940 Breakthrough of the Maginot Line. The entry of the German army into Paris.

Evacuation of the British army near Dunkirk

2. Historical calendar

August 1940- submarine and air war against England ("battle for England")

Summer 1940- Completion of the conquest of Europe.

28.10.1940 - Italy attacked Greece.

6.04.1941 - German invasion of Yugoslavia.

Air defense soldier on the roof of a London house

  • Section 22
  • Write an essay "What do you think about the possibilities of preventing the Second World War"

MOU "Novokemsk secondary school"

Teacher Mitrofanov V.K.


Causes of World War II

  • Contradictions of the Versailles-Washington system of the world order
  • Rise of Fascist States
  • The unwillingness of the countries of Europe and America to agree on security in Europe and the world
  • The policy of appeasing the aggressor - Hitler's Germany (Munich agreement-1938)

Beginning of World War II

On September 1, 1939, Germany attacked Poland. For two weeks, nothing remained of the Polish army. The Polish government, seeing the hopelessness of the situation, fled abroad on September 16. Warsaw, despite the fierce resistance of the common population to the Nazis, capitulated on September 27.


Partition of Poland

  • On September 17, 1939, the Red Army entered the territory of defeated Poland from the east. Poland was divided between Germany and the USSR.
  • A common border appeared between the USSR and Germany.

"Strange War"

  • September 3, 1939

UK and France declare war on Germany after she left unanswered their ultimatum to stop aggression against Poland . New Zealand and Australia also declare war on Germany. From that time until May 10, 1940, the so-called " Strange War" .


Soviet-Finnish War

  • November 30, 1939

Soviet troops invaded the territory of Finland (this so-called winter war lasted until March 12, 1940 and is not considered part of the Second World War). Defeat of Finland. The USSR is expelled from the League of Nations.


Occupation of Denmark and Norway

  • April 9, 1940

Germany occupied Denmark and Norway.


War in the West

  • May 10, 1940

German troops invade the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg (operations end May 14) - plan is being implemented "Gelb" .


German victory in the West

  • May 25, 1940

Over 300,000 British and French soldiers surrounded by the Germans in the Northeast France , begin evacuation from Dunkirk (ends 4 June) - Dunkirk operation .

  • June 22, 1940

France capitulated


Battle for England

  • August 1, 1940

Hitler issued Directive No. 17 on the conduct of a wide air war against England, began Battle for England . This battle was won by W. Churchill, the main enemy of A. Hitler.


Tripartite Pact

  • September 27, 1940

signed "Triple Pact": Germany, Italy and Japan on a military alliance.

"Axis Rome-Berlin-Tokyo" "Axis"


Plan "Barbarossa"

  • December 18, 1940

Hitler signed directive No. 21 on the war against the USSR (plan "Barbarossa").

  • February 3, 1941

The German High Command orders the deployment of large-scale military preparations for an attack on the East.


The beginning of the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet people with Nazi Germany

  • June 22, 1941.
  • Plan "Barbarossa" activated: German troops invade the USSR with three army groups aimed at capturing Leningrad, Moscow and Ukraine (Romanian troops support the aggression). The beginning of the implementation of the Barbarossa plan meant the death of Nazi Germany.

The feat of the fortress-hero of Brest

At 4 o'clock in the morning, Germany attacked the border territories of the Soviet Union.

  • June 22, 1941

Defense began on the border of the USSR Brest Fortress (Belarus), which lasted until July 20, 1941.


Smolensk battle

  • July 10 - September 10, 1941.
  • Battle results:

It was possible to detain the enemy for two months.

Under the threat of encirclement, Soviet troops were withdrawn from Smolensk - the city was surrendered, Smolensk battle finished.


Anti-Hitler coalition

  • Anti-Hitler coalition- an association of states and peoples who fought in the Second World War of 1939-45 against countries of the Nazi bloc, also called Axis powers: Germany, Italy, Japan and their satellites.
  • During the war years, the term "United Nations", proposed by Roosevelt and first found in the Declaration of the United Nations of 1942 (Washington Declaration of Twenty-six), became synonymous with the anti-Hitler coalition. Soviet Union , United States and China. As of January 1942, the anti-Hitler coalition consisted of 26 states: the so-called Big Four (USA, Great Britain, USSR, China), British dominions (countries of Central and Latin America and the Caribbean, as well as governments in exile of occupied European countries. The number of coalition participants during war increased; by the time the war with Japan ended, 53 states of the world were in a state of war with Germany and its allies.

Battle for Leningrad

  • September 8, 1941

The beginning of the battle for Leningrad. The Germans at the gates of the city of Lenin. The Germans could not take the city on the move, therefore they proceed to the siege of the city. The Red Army left Shlisserburg. The blockade of Leningrad began, which lasted until January 27 1944 G.. The battle for Leningrad ended with the victory of the Red Army .


Moscow battle

  • September 30, 1941

The battle for Moscow began. The German command is implementing the Typhoon plan, according to which the attack on the capital of the USSR is gradually fading by the beginning of December.

  • December 5-7, 1941

the beginning of the counter-offensive of the Red Army.

  • The first defeat of the Wehrmacht in World War II. Dispelled the myth of invincibility

Fascist Germany.


US entry into the war

Sunday morning December 7, 1941 Aircraft carriers under Vice Admiral Chuichi Nagumo dealt a devastating blow to the US Pacific Fleet at Pearl Harbor. By 06:15 Hawaii time, 183 aircraft of the first shock wave, led by Captain 2nd Rank Mitsuo Fuchida, were in the air. 49 horizontal bombers armed with 1600-lb armor-piercing bombs (converted from shells), 40 torpedo bombers with special torpedoes adapted to shallow depths, 51 dive bombers with 500-lb bombs moved towards the target. They were covered by 43 Zero fighters.


War in Africa

North African operation or Operation Crusader(English) Crusader, rus. Crusader) - a military operation of the 8th Army of Great Britain against the armed forces of the Axis in Egypt and Libya from November 18 to December 30, 1941 during the North African campaign. The victory of the British during the operation was the first victory of Great Britain over the troops of the Wehrmacht. Panzer Army "Africa" ​​Erwin Rommel and the German African Corps were defeated by the British.


Battle of Stalingrad

  • July 17, 1942

battles began for the city of Stalingrad.

  • November 19, 1942

The beginning of the counter-offensive of the Soviet troops near Stalingrad. The offensive continued until February 2, 1943. The German Sixth Army under the command of Friedrich Paulus was destroyed. The beginning of a radical change in the course of the war.


Battle of Kursk

  • July 5, 1943. The German offensive began on the Kursk Bulge. Operation "Citadel"
  • July 12, 1943
  • July 12, 1943 oncoming tank battle near Prokhorovka. The defeat of the German troops. A turning point in the course of the war .

Operation "Bagration"

  • June 23, 1944

started

offensive operation "Bagration" June 23 - August 29, 1944 of the Soviet troops in Belarus and Lithuania. The German group of troops "Center" was completely destroyed.

Tehran Conference

  • Tehran Conference F. D. Roosevelt (USATHE USSR)
  • Tehran Conference- the first conference of the "Big Three" - the leaders of the three countries during the years of the Second World War: F. D. Roosevelt (USA), W. Churchill (Great Britain) and I. V. Stalin ( THE USSR)[ , held in Tehran on November 28 - December 1, 1943. The conference became an important stage in the development of international and inter-allied relations, a number of issues of war and peace were considered and resolved at it - the exact date was set for the Allies to open a second front in France.
  • Tehran Conference- the first conference of the "Big Three" - the leaders of the three countries during the years of the Second World War: F. D. Roosevelt (USA), W. Churchill (Great Britain) and I. V. Stalin ( THE USSR)[ , held in Tehran on November 28 - December 1, 1943. The conference became an important stage in the development of international and inter-allied relations, a number of issues of war and peace were considered and resolved at it - the exact date was set for the Allies to open a second front in France.

Opening of the Second Front in Europe

  • June 6, 1944

started Landing of the Allied Forces in Normandy . Second front opened. The plan has begun "Overlord" .


Liberation of Europe

  • August 2, 1944

fighting began in the area Warsaw troops of the 1st Belorussian Front (August 2 - September 23, 1944).

started Belgrade operation - offensive operation (September 28 - October 20, 1944)

started Debrecen offensive operation in Eastern Hungary (October 2-27, 1944) troops of the 2nd Ukrainian Front under the command of Marshal R.Ya. Malinovsky

started Budapest operation

started East Prussian operation


Crimean Conference

Yalta (Crimean) Conference of the Allied Powers(February 4 - 11, 1945) - one of the meetings of the leaders of the countries of the anti-Hitler coalition - the USSR, the USA and Great Britain, dedicated to the establishment of the post-war world order. The conference was held at the Livadia Palace in Yalta, Crimea.


Battle for Berlin

  • April 16, 1945

The beginning of the Berlin operation of the troops of the 1st, 2nd Belorussian and 1st Ukrainian fronts.

  • May 2, 1945

During the Berlin operation, Soviet troops occupy Berlin.

  • May 8, 1945
  • The signing in Karlshorst (a suburb of Berlin) of the Act of unconditional surrender of Nazi Germany. Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on the announcement of May 9 as the Victory Day

Atomic bombings of Japan

  • August 6, 1945

US aircraft dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima

  • August 9, 1945

US aircraft dropped an atomic bomb on Nagasaki


Berlin conference

The Berlin (Potsdam) conference was held in Potsdam at the Cecilienhof Palace from July 17 to August 2, 1945 with the participation of the leadership of the three largest powers of the anti-Hitler coalition in World War II in order to determine further steps for the post-war structure of Europe. The conference was attended by the heads of government of three states - US President Harry Truman (chaired all meetings), Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR and Chairman of the USSR State Defense Committee I. V. Stalin and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill (during the conference he was defeated in the elections , and his successor Clement Attlee arrived in Potsdam).


War with militaristic Japan

  • August 8, 1945

The offensive operation of the Soviet Armed Forces against the armed forces began Japan. It lasted from August 8 to September 2, 1945.

  • The millionth Kwantung Army was defeated. September 2, 1945, the end of World War II.

Results of World War II

  • Second world war was involved 72 states. In the countries participating in the war, up to 110 million people. During the war, up to 62 million hours (including St. 27 million Soviet citizens).
  • Destroyed fascist regimes in Germany and Italy
  • Militaristic Japan defeated
  • Creation of a new international organization of the United Nations

1 slide

2 slide

Lesson plan General information in World War II Plans of the largest countries participating in the war Europe by 1939 Theaters of military operations Periodization of World War II Creation of a problem situation Main events and results of the first stage of the war: (table) 6. Reasons for the conclusion of the Soviet-German treaty 7. Discovery of new knowledge. Solution.

3 slide

FEATURES OF THE SECOND WORLD WAR 1. The Second World War unfolded in the vast territories of Europe, Asia and Africa. 2. Military operations were conducted in the Arctic, Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Oceans and adjacent seas. 3. Duration - 2194 days. 4. 62 states of the world participated in the war. 5. Neutral states - 6. 6. The fighting took place on the territory of 40 states. 4. 1 billion 700 million people (¾ of the population the globe). 5. 110 million people were mobilized into the army (1.5 times more than in the First World War). 6. Humanity has lost more than 60 million people killed. 7. Damage from destruction and funds spent on waging war reached 4 trillion. dollars.

4 slide

In just 6 years, she restored military power. Avoided a war on two fronts. Set up for revenge for the defeat in WW I. And her goal is world domination. Germany

5 slide

JAPAN Traditions of the samurai Completed modernization Ships and aircraft prepared Used kamikaze (suicide bombers) They dreamed of domination in Asia.

6 slide

7 slide

The USSR worked closely with Germany. Negotiated spheres of influence in Europe with her. Waiting for Hitler's takeover of Europe. Exported the revolution during the war.

8 slide

9 slide

10 slide

Periodization of the Second World War I stage (09/01/1939 - 06/21/1941) - the beginning of the Second World War. Stage II (06/22/1941-11/18/1942) - First stage Great Patriotic War. German invasion of the USSR. The retreat of the Soviet troops. Stage III (11/19/1942 - 1943) - A radical change in World War II and the Great Patriotic War. Stage IV (1944 - 05/09/1945) - The defeat of Nazi Germany. End of the Great Patriotic War. Stage V (09.05 - 02.09.1945) - The defeat of militaristic Japan. End of World War II.

11 slide

1939-1940 - Accession of Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia to the USSR. September 17, 1939 - The Red Army took control of Western Ukraine and Western Belarus, and in November they were legally incorporated into the Belarusian and Ukrainian USSR. November 30, 1939 - March 12, 1940 - Soviet-Finnish war - annexation of the Karelian Isthmus and the northern coast of Lake Ladoga to the USSR June 1940 - separation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina from Romania and their annexation to the USSR.

12 slide

1. The desire of the USSR to avoid a war on two fronts: with Germany and Japan. 2. The desire of the leaders of England and France to direct Germany to the east against the USSR. 3. Ineffective Anglo-French-Soviet negotiations in Moscow. 4. Stalin's distrust of England and France.

Beginning and end of the war period of World War II from 3 September
1939 to May 10, 1940 on the Western Front.
On May 15, 1939, a Polish-French protocol was signed, according to which
the French promised to launch an offensive
within the next two weeks after
mobilization.

Prerequisites

After coming to power, Adolf Hitler began
implement the idea of ​​uniting all
lands with Germans living there in
single state. Based on the military
power and diplomatic pressure, in March
1938 Germany unhindered
carried out the Anschluss of Austria. In September of the same
the conclusion of the Munich
agreements led to
division of Czechoslovakia between
Germany, Poland and Hungary.

Side forces

In terms of its potential, British and
French empire greatly
outnumbered Germany. Population
Germany (including Austria and Sudetes)
numbered 79.4 million people, and the population
British and French colonial
empires - respectively 560 million and
110 million people (of which in metropolitan areas -
47.5 and 42 million people).

September 3, 1939 Great Britain (in
5:00) and France (at 11:00) declared war
Germany. Already after the fact September 4 was
Franco-Polish agreement signed.
After that, the Polish ambassador to France became
insist on an immediate general
offensive. On the same day representatives
Great Britain, head of the imperial

William Ironside and Chief Marshal
Aviation Cyril Newell arrived in
France to negotiate with
French general staff.

Outcome of the meetings

Despite numerous past
meetings of the joint committee of staffs,
which began at the end of March
the beginning of september was not yet
coordinated action plan for
providing assistance to the Poles.

France

Since the beginning of the war, the French have limited themselves
only a few local attacks
values ​​in the area of ​​the Western shaft. thirteen
September 1939, the French succeeded
relatively easy to take two
protruding section - section
"Warndt" west of Saarbrücken and ledge
border between Saarbrücken
and the Palatinate Forest.

England

English until mid-October by four
divisions (two army corps) occupied
positions on the Belgian-French border
between the cities of Mold and Bayeul, enough
away from the front line. October 28 military
the cabinet approved the strategic concept
Great Britain. head of british
General Staff General Edmund
Ironside gave this concept such
characteristic: "passive waiting with
all the worries and anxieties that
flow out of this"

End of the "Strange War"

The period of the "strange war" ended on May 10, 1940
of the year. On this day, the German troops, according to the plan
"Gelb", launched large-scale offensive
actions on the territory of neutral Belgium and
Holland. Then through the territory of Belgium, bypassing
Maginot line from the north, German troops captured
almost all of France. Remains of the Anglo-French army
were driven to the Dunkirk area, where they
evacuated to the UK. For
the signing of the act of surrender of France was
used the same wagon in Compiègne, in which
The First Compiègne Armistice was signed in 1918
the year that ended the First World War.