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Grains for corn and grains. Making a grain crusher at home

For farming to succeed, you need to feed the animals with quality and healthy food. However, for its preparation it is not at all necessary to purchase expensive factory equipment. Craftsmen learned how to make some devices from improvised materials. In this article, you'll learn how to make your own hand-held flask.

What is a grist

The device is used for quick preparation of feed from crushed grain. Otherwise they are called grain crushers. On an industrial scale, cereals are used in poultry farms and food processing plants.

Most often, the following products are processed in this way:

  • corn;

The main difference between a grain mill and a mill is that the grains are not ground into flour, but simply crushed into several relatively large pieces.

Where and how to use

Using a grinder is very easy. In the upper part there is a bunker where raw materials are loaded. Grinding is carried out in a drum, which is driven by an electric motor. In the drum, the grain is also mixed with other additives - grass, dried vegetables, straw.

Most often, in private farms, a groater is used to prepare feed for birds, pigs and cattle. Similarly, many types of cereals are processed in agricultural production.

Principle of operation

Cereals are sent to the receiving hopper, after which they arrive in portions, having passed the calibration stage. After the preliminary stage of cleaning from the husk, the grain enters the drum, in which it is divided into four unequal parts. Different sizes of particles determine the cycle of work: first, larger pieces are crushed, then small ones go to even smaller ones, until the finished product acquires the same size and beautiful appearance.

The incoming product can be automatically sorted by simply placing a sieve at the exit. As a result, smaller fractions will go to feed the bird, large fractions - for cattle. The productivity of the groater depends on the hardness and other characteristics of the raw material and is in the range from 150 to 300 kilograms per hour. You can additionally equip the device with a grinding device, and then high-quality grain can be eaten by yourself.

Kinds

Centrifugal

The principle of operation and design in general terms resemble an electric coffee grinder. The walls of the tank are equipped with knives that grind the grains raised under the action of centrifugal force.

You can adjust the size of the received feed by installing a sieve or gratings with meshes of different calibers. Productivity depends on the sharpness of the knives and the power of the electric motor.

screw

Otherwise, it is also called screw. The machine simultaneously cuts and lightly compresses the grain. This is due to the presence of a metal polyhedron and pads with slots inside the device.

The disadvantage of the design is the blunting of the faces of the polyhedron, which affects the productivity, size and quality of the finished parts of the grains. If you additionally equip the unit with knives, you can double the productivity compared to a conventional screw grinder.

Mill

The most common and easy-to-make crouper. Reminiscent of a mill invented by our distant ancestors. Wear-resistant stone millstones are used that do not require sharpening.

A small drawback is the inability to regulate the coarseness of the grinding and the particle size of the final product.

rolling mill

It resembles the design with auger, but is equipped with a polyhedron with a different number of teeth. Advantages of a rolling mill: easy and simple adjustment of grain grinding quality. When using a round grater, you can completely set the dimensions of the finished product up to tenths of a millimeter.

Shell from angle grinder

Making a grain crusher is very simple - even a beginner can handle the task. In this case, a home-made grain grinder will not require expensive components during assembly.

Tools and materials

It is necessary to prepare everything you need in advance so as not to be distracted while working with electrical equipment.

The following materials will be needed to make a flask:

    angle grinder (angle grinder);

    sheet of metal - preferably stainless or alloy steel;

    fasteners;

As you can see, nothing expensive is required.

Material preparation

  1. First you need to cut out the two side covers of the case.
  2. In one of the covers, drill a hole equal to the diameter of the grinder shaft.
  3. Drill holes for the mounting washers, then four holes for the tie bolts.
  4. Cut off a strip of metal. One part will go to the manufacture of a sieve, in which, according to a certain scheme, chosen independently, cells of the same diameter are shot through.
  5. Then the sieve should be bent in a semicircle.
  6. The second strip is used to make end caps.
  7. From the remnants of the leaf, you can make a knife for crushing cereals.
  8. An incision is made along the edges of the second strip, and a hole is drilled in the middle.

Welding

First you need to weld the end caps, then the sieve. A strip is attached to the upper part of the apparatus at an angle of 15-20 degrees, which will not allow the grain to fly out of the apparatus back.

It is very important to choose the thickness of the metal in advance - at least four millimeters, so that the body and the safety device against grain escape are strong enough. Grains are hard abrasive particles that can damage even expensive and massive industrial equipment in a few years.

Assembly

Step-by-step instruction:

  1. It is necessary to screw the washer and install the angle grinder.
  2. A knife should be installed on its shaft and securely fastened with a nut.
  3. Then install the side cover. It can be attached with wing nuts for quick and easy removal and replacement.
  4. A funnel for feeding raw materials can be made from a plastic bottle.
  5. The final touch is attaching a bag or sleeve to the bottom of the device to collect the finished feed.

Grinder from grinder

There is another version of the product from the grinder. Such a corn and grain huller may not even have a frame. The performance of the device is low. However, the ease of manufacture more than compensates for all the shortcomings.

Necessary equipment

The grains will turn out to be rather big, so this feed will be more suitable for cattle than for poultry. Chickens will not be able to peck at such particles at all, at least after the first run of cereals through the apparatus.

You will need the following materials to make a grinder:

    Bulgarian;

    old circle for sawing wood;

    a small sheet of thick plywood;

    plastic containers for water with a volume of five to six liters;

    old saucepan.

It is advisable to use an inexpensive grinder so that it would not be a pity to spoil it due to the high abrasiveness of cereal particles.

Step-by-step instruction

It is advisable to follow a certain sequence of work.

Main stages:

    From an old circle on wood, make a knife for crushing cereals.

    Use plywood as a frame for the grinder. It is advisable to cut out holes for the handle of the grinder from plywood.

    Drill holes of the same diameter in the bottom of the pan, where the finished product will flow. The bottom can be removed by replacing it with a sieve.

    The water container (bottle or bottle) will serve as a funnel for feeding raw materials into the drum. To do this, you need to remove the bottom of the tank, leaving only the cone-shaped section: the neck and the expanding part.

    Assemble all the elements: attach the motor casing to the hopper and base, attach with fasteners to the top of the tank.

    Place the knife in the body of the working chamber, which must be attached to the plywood base. A protective mesh must be placed on top of the knives, which additionally acts as a sieve.

The manufacture of such a device is available to everyone, because it does not require special skills, expensive parts and materials.

Other models

Crusher from the washing machine

The principle of operation of the grain grinder in this case will resemble a coffee grinder. This type is most suitable for crushing corn, because the knives rotating in the drum will best cope with large and relatively soft grains. The device can be made from any model of a washing machine, but the manufacturing principle is the same.

The following steps must be followed:

    Install the first motor with bushing and blades on the bottom of the washing machine tub. There will also be a grid and an exit window through which the finished product will flow.

    The second motor, also equipped with a hub and blades, must be attached to the inlet near the base. A tin can worn over the knives will keep out dust and contaminants.

    The shafts must be set at an angle of 25 degrees to each other, because they will rotate in different directions. This angle will provide maximum performance of the mechanism.

    The inlet funnel for raw materials can be of any size. However, it is desirable to make it large, because the crusher from the washing machine is very powerful and designed for high performance. You can regulate the supply of cereals by installing a shutter at the bottom of the funnel.

    The container for the finished product should be installed under the grinder. It is better to equip the device with a sleeve so that fine dust does not get into the air.

As you can see, the main element of such a huller is the washing machine drum, and the main additions - a funnel and a container - are very easy to manufacture.

Homemade windmill

A homemade mill-crusher at home can be made from a rotor and a stator, which will act as millstones.

Manufacturing instructions:

    Install a single-phase electric motor with a power of 1 kW and a voltage of 220 volts on the box.

    The crusher body should have a diameter of 35 centimeters and be made of steel strip. The stator is mounted below, the rotor is mounted on the motor shaft. The shaft moves at an angular speed of 3000 rpm.

    The hopper should be attached to the top of the body with bolts. It should be in the shape of a cone so that it is convenient to fill in the raw materials. It is advisable to equip the funnel with a shutter. The lower part of the apparatus must be equipped with a window for the exit of the finished product. If possible, you need to equip the outlet with a sleeve.

    You can make a stator like this: take a steel plate 5 cm wide, give it the shape of a cylinder and put it in a container for subsequent pouring. The bottom of the cylinder should be 4 mm thick, and the walls should be covered with a layer of aluminum. To increase the rigidity of the stator, you need to weld the corners 2x2x5 inside the bowl.

    Drill a hole in the center for the shaft. Make a blank for the rotor - cut a circle out of sheet steel with a diameter of 32 cm, measure 2 cm from the edge and draw a circle.

    Divide the circle into 32 equal parts, drill holes in each, cut strips from them with a hacksaw to the edge of the disk. Bend the resulting petals. In the center of the rotor, weld a bushing with a diameter of 3 and a height of 5 centimeters, respectively.

For proper operation, you must first install the stator on the shaft, and only then - the rotor on the gasket.

From an old vacuum cleaner

In this case, a motor from an old, but still properly working vacuum cleaner is useful.

Step-by-step instructions for making such a cereal:

    The base of the apparatus must be made of a square sheet of plywood with a rib length of 30 cm. The motor from the vacuum cleaner must be attached to the plywood so that it protrudes 4 cm down.

    The knife should be made from a steel plate with dimensions HxLxW equal to 1.5x20x1.5 cm. The front edges of the knife are sharpened towards the axis of rotation. In the middle of the knife you need to drill a hole to fit on the shaft.

    The working chamber must be made of a plate 6 cm wide and 70 + 1 cm long (taking into account the allowance). The sheet must be wrapped in a ring. Attach three wooden rods at equal distances to secure the sheller to the bottom of the chamber.

The openings for the crusher mesh vary depending on the purpose of the huller. The diameter of the cells for flour should be very small, for compound feed - several times larger. The funnel for supplying raw materials must be equipped with a shutter; to receive the finished product, a sleeve or a regular container should be installed if the size of the feed is large.

Making a knife for equipment

The corn and grain grinder must be equipped with sharp and strong knives. For their manufacture, you can use any metal plate (preferably stainless or alloy steel). The thickness of the plate must be at least 1.5 millimeters at a capacity not exceeding fifty kilograms of feed per hour.

The thickness of the knives should be increased in proportion to the load: approximately half a millimeter per 50-70 kilograms per hour of productivity. The length of the blade plate must be at least 20 centimeters. You need to sharpen the knife in the direction of the axis of rotation.

Sieve making

The sieve layout must be thought out long before the apparatus is assembled. The type of the final product will depend on the diameter of the cells: from flour and small particles to large pieces in half a corn kernel.

Cereals enter the working chamber of the groater from the funnel for supplying raw materials. It is in the working chamber that sieves should be located - preferably several pieces, in order to carry out complete cleaning over the entire plane of the drum. In factory designs, sieves with meshes of different sizes are used in order to simultaneously collect the products of two or even three fractions.

The sieve must be wear-resistant: abrasive particles of grains can very quickly ruin any device. It is best to use alloyed steel: with the addition of 0.7-0.11% tungsten or bismuth. Most likely, you will have to look for such alloys for sale for a very long time, so ordinary stainless steel will do. However, keep in mind that it will last no more than two or three years.

Features of the manufacture of the stator

The stator is made of sheet steel, the thickness should be equal to 2-2.5 millimeters. The width with a thickness of two millimeters should be equal to five centimeters. The strip must be bent around the circumference and placed in a mold for pouring, closing it with aluminum from one end to make a kind of bowl. The thickness of the bowl, taking into account the illumination, should be four millimeters.

The next stage in the manufacture of the part is the ribbing. To do this, pre-cut small corners must be welded to the side of the cylinder. They need to be placed from the inner side of the stator.

Video

If you want to make a crouper with your own hands, drawings and videos for better familiarization are given in this article. In this video you will learn how to make a grain crusher with your own hands at home.

With the help of a mill-crouper, you can grind grain for flour of any grinding. It is also suitable for peeling cereals, sunflowers, it is used to crush and grind salt, chalk and various cereal wastes.

The main working parts of the cereal are the rotor and the stator, while the first rotates in the second. Here's how a homemade cereal grinder can be mounted: on a wooden stool there is a single-phase electric motor 1 kW at 220 V (rewound from a decommissioned three-phase one). The mill itself is attached to the electric motor with the help of corners - in such a way that the bearing located in its central hole interacts with the motor shaft: a rotor rotates on the shaft, developing a speed of up to 3000 rpm.

The shell of the sheller looks like a round candy box with a diameter of 348 mm and a thickness of 56 mm. The bottom of the box -50 mm is the stator, and the lid, having a height of 15 mm, covers the “insides”. At the top of the case, a cast-iron iron is fixed on the M4 screws, the bottom of which is cut out. Instead, a special damper-plate is fitted. Below is a tarpaulin duster sleeve (on screws). Above the anther and under the damper, “entry and exit” windows are made with dimensions of 15 by 30 mm. Through the upper window, when the damper opens slightly, “raw materials” are fed from the cast iron, and already finished “products” are poured through the lower window. It is better to use a sleeve: it is not a fact that the grinding will not scatter to the sides, but will immediately rush into the substituted bag.

The stator is made of a metal strip 2 mm thick and 54 mm wide. It is curved around. Then the strip was placed in a mold and filled with aluminum from one end - a cup with a bottom 4 mm thick was obtained. Then corners of 20 x 20 x 50 mm were welded to the side of the cup from the inside, spaces for windows were left free - the surface has now become ribbed. A hole for the shaft is drilled in the center of the stator.

Scheme of the grinder:

1 - grain bowl, 2 - damper, 3 - inlet, 4 - stator, 5 - rotor, 6 - sleeve, 7 - electric motor and shaft, 8 - 9 - bearing, 10 - stator corners, 11 - sleeve, 12 - damper, 13 - cover.

The blank for the rotor - a circle with a diameter of 322 mm - was cut out of a metal sheet 3 mm thick. Then he drew a circle with a diameter of 300 mm on it and divided it into 32 identical parts. I drilled holes with a diameter of 3 mm at the marking points. Before them, on the outside, along the radius, he made cuts with a hacksaw and bent the petals, as shown in the drawing. In the center of the rotor, I welded a sleeve 45 mm long and 28x5 mm in diameter.

When assembling the structure, I first put the stator on the shaft, then the rotor on the key and finally fixed everything with a pin through the bushing and shaft. The cover was fixed from above with four MB screws around the circumference of the case.

During the operation of the mill, it is required to observe the following order: fill, say, grain with a cast iron and start the engine. When it picks up speed, open the top flap - fill in some of the grain. Supplement its amount as you remove the flour, acting on the lower flap. Try not to oversleep: you can quickly get used to this. However, you have to be careful all the time - after all, the productivity of the mill is almost 5 kg / min.

As practice has shown, the quality of grinding depends on the number of revolutions of the engine and, of course, on the size of the gap between the rotor and the stator. In my design for peeling or breaking grain - a gap of 5 mm. For flour, it is necessary to reduce it to 2 mm: you must also have a replaceable rotor with a large diameter. But there is another way out - to change the connection scheme to the engine: remove the mill from the engine shaft and, putting it separately, adjust the belt drive with interchangeable pulleys, increasing (for flour) the number of revolutions.

The design of a home-made grain mill will help grind grain into flour of any grinding. It is also capable of peeling grain, sunflower, crushing and grinding chalk, salt, various grain waste.

The main working parts of the mill are the rotor and stator. They perform the functions of millstones - the first rotates inside the second. In general, my windmill looks like this. On a wooden stool there is an electric motor with a power of 1 kW at 220 V, single-phase, rewound from a decommissioned three-phase one. The mill itself is attached to it with the help of corners - so that the bearing in its central hole moves onto the motor shaft: the rotor will rotate on this shaft, developing up to 3000 rpm.

The mill body itself is very similar to round candy boxes 56 mm thick and 348 mm in diameter. The bottom of the box with a side of 50 mm is the stator, and the lid (15 mm high) closes the “insides”. On top of the case, a small cast iron with a cut-out bottom is fixed with M4 screws. Instead of the latter, a damper-plate is fitted. Below is a duster sleeve made of tarpaulin (on the same screws). Under the damper and above the anther in the stator, there are “input-output” windows - 15 x 30 mm. Through the upper window, when the damper is ajar, “raw materials” come out of the cast iron, and finished “products” are poured through the lower one.

The stator is made of a metal strip 2 mm thick and 54 mm wide. Curved it around. I placed it in a mold and filled it with aluminum from one end - I got a cup with a 4 mm bottom. Then I cut corners 20 x 20 x 50 mm. I welded them to the side of the cup from the inside, leaving free space for windows - the surface became ribbed. (Then I already thought that the corners can simply be put on screws - the effect will be the same.) I drilled holes for the shaft in the center of the stator.

Fig.1. Schematic diagram of a homemade mill-crouper:

1 - grain tank, 2 - tank shutter, 3 - inlet, 4 - stator housing, 5 - rotor, 6 - bushing, 7 - motor shaft, 8 - bearing, 9 - bearing housing, 10 - stator corners, 11 - duster sleeve, 12 - sleeve flap, 13 - cover.

The blank for the rotor - a circle with a diameter of 322 mm - was cut out of a metal sheet 3 mm thick. Then he drew a circle with a diameter of 300 mm on it and divided it into 32 identical parts. I drilled holes with a diameter of 3 mm at the marking points. Before them, on the outside, along the radius, he made cuts with a hacksaw and bent the petals, as shown in the drawing. In the center of the rotor, I welded a sleeve 45 mm long and 28x5 mm in diameter.

When assembling the structure, I first put the stator on the shaft, then the rotor on the key and finally fixed everything with a pin through the bushing and shaft. The cover was fixed from above with four MB screws around the circumference of the case.

During the operation of the mill, it is required to observe the following order: fill, say, grain with a cast iron and start the engine. When it picks up speed, open the top flap - fill in some of the grain. Supplement its amount as you remove the flour, acting on the lower flap. Try not to oversleep: you can quickly get used to this. However, you have to be careful all the time - after all, the productivity of the mill is almost 5 kg / min.

As practice has shown, the quality of grinding depends on the number of revolutions of the engine and, of course, on the size of the gap between the rotor and the stator. In my design for peeling or breaking grain - a gap of 5 mm. For flour, it is necessary to reduce it to 2 mm: you must also have a replaceable rotor with a large diameter. But there is another way out - to change the connection scheme to the engine: remove the mill from the engine shaft and, putting it separately, adjust the belt drive with interchangeable pulleys, increasing (for flour) the number of revolutions.

Corn is of great importance as one of the important food for humans and animals due to its high nutrient content.

When growing it as feed, it is necessary to separate the grains from the cobs. This process is quite troublesome.

Therefore, to make it easier, you can make a special corn sheller with your own hands.

Now we will show you how to do it.

Description and main components

The device for cleaning corn kernels from the cob has many names: peeler, rushka, crusher, peeler, puller, etc. This device is a device that is equipped with teeth and a motor. Made by hand, it allows you to greatly simplify and speed up the peeling process, separating the grains in almost a few minutes. In this case, a person is only required to fill the cobs into the device.

A corn peeler can be large, designed for several ears (one or two bags), and small, where one head is placed.

Did you know? Corn- one of the most ancient and edible crops. So, the average Mexican consumes about 90 kg of corn during the year, and about 73 kg per American. A hand-made corn and grain flask, which we are telling you about, consists of:

  • a removable body with three holes (one - for falling asleep cobs, another (with a damper) - for the exit of bare cobs, the third - for the exit of separated grains) and a lid;
  • peeling metal disc with teeth;
  • chutes for the exit of separated grains;
  • engine (1.5 kW, up to 1450-1500 rpm);
  • vertical shaft with bearings;
  • drive belt;
  • condenser;
  • footrests.

Details of the elements of a do-it-yourself corn handle can be found on the video. The following can be useful on the farm: an extruder, a chopper, a hiller, a potato planter, a honey extractor, an ovoscope, an incubator, a mini-tractor, a mower. The body is made from an old cylindrical washing machine(a gas cylinder is also suitable), the top of which is closed with a lid. Two holes must be made in the body: one must be closed with a flap with a hook or latch - peeled cobs will fly out of it, a chute should be welded to the other - peeled grains will carefully come out of it. Another small hole is made in the center of the bottom - for the shaft. The case is placed on a stand with legs.
In the middle of the housing on the shaft, a peeling disc is installed, which can be made in several ways. It is made of metal 4 mm thick. In the video offered to you, the craftsman made eight rows of teeth about 8 mm in height on it. According to the master, it is thanks to such a disc device that the corn grains are not damaged, but come out 100% intact. Throughout the disk, it is necessary to make holes into which the grains will pour. In our case, long holes are made directly next to each row of teeth.

The disc should be 1.5-2.5 cm smaller in diameter than the bottom. The gaps between the disk and the side walls are designed for grains to get there and pour them into the chute.

There are also tips for drilling holes in the disk and screwing bolts into them, which will beat the grains from the cob. There may be many or just a couple of them.
Important! It is advisable to fasten all parts with bolts of the same diameter, so that in case of additional adjustment or repair, you can use one key for all connections..

Under the stand on the legs, the engine is installed, the shaft is attached. A start button or control unit is attached to the back of the stand.
The case must be tightly closed with a lid so that the cobs do not fly out during operation of the device. There is an interesting option when a cob tray is attached to the top of the lid, the bottom of which closes with a flap.

This design will help save some time, because while one batch of cobs is in the cylinder, the other at this time can already be loaded into the tray and then simply open the damper so that they are poured into the unit.
In any case, it should be easy and convenient for you to open the lid, but it should not rise during peeling.

The principle of operation of the device

The principle of operation of a homemade corn peeler is simple. From above, corn cobs are poured into the body of the unit. Then the motor is turned on, which, with the help of a belt, begins to rotate the shaft and, accordingly, the peeling disc.

Important! The disc must rotate no faster than 500 revolutions per minute, otherwise the grains will be severely damaged and the cobs will break. The motor must not exceed 1500 rpm. Thus, the shaft speed will need to be reduced by a factor of three.

Teeth or other growths on the disc knock the kernels out of the cobs. They fall into holes and gaps, sink to the bottom of the body and, with the help of one or more rotating blades, centrifugal force and air flow, enter the chute, through which they then exit into a pre-set container or into a tied bag.

With the help of gravity and centrifugal force, full cobs fall down and are crushed by teeth, and already empty cobs rise up. When the damper is opened to exit the peeled cobs, they fly to the ground.
Decorations on which the eye rests can be: garden figures, a dry stream, a flower bed made of stones, an alpine slide, a fountain, gabions, stumps, flower beds, wattle fences, rockeries, trellises.

  1. Before you make a do-it-yourself corn crusher, draw a drawing of it and carefully consider how all the details will be attached. So you will understand what tools you will need and what fasteners you will use.
  2. The hole for the exit of the peeled cobs can be made in such a way that a bag can be put on and tied to it. This will allow you to quickly collect cobs in one place and not waste time collecting them all over the yard.
  3. If you are going to use a gas cylinder as the body, you need to be extremely careful before cutting it, as there may be gas residues. With the technology of how to properly clean the container from them, you should first familiarize yourself with the Web.
  4. Usually the electric motor turns the shaft with a belt, but if the motor is not too powerful, you can attach it directly to the shaft. The main thing is to adjust the shaft so that the number of revolutions of the disk does not exceed 500.
  5. For the convenience of moving the peeling unit from the utility room to the street, wheels can be attached to the legs.

Did you know?In addition to being used as a food product, corn is also used to make paints, plasters, plastics, glues, alcohol, and cosmetics.

Now you know how you can peel corn at home quickly and without much hassle. The home-made unit offered to you does not consume much energy and does not require special knowledge in manufacturing. It is quite possible to make it in one day. It is enough to use ready-made drawings and tips, as well as get acquainted with the type and principle of operation of the peeler on the video.

If you do not have suitable materials, or simply do not have time for “mastery”, you can purchase a ready-made device. In any case, a peeler, whether purchased or made by yourself, will be your solution to the problem of how to peel corn at home.

Each owner of a homestead farm must constantly take care of his household. Small-scale mechanization is used to increase the return on the economy. One of these tools is a grain crusher. Its main task is to grind grain to obtain feed for animals on the farm.

As a result of the operation of this equipment, the shell is removed from the grains, which the digestive juices of animals cannot always break through. The food obtained after such processing becomes more nutritious and healthier. After eating such food, animals grow, etc.

Types of home grain crushers, classification of aggregates

Almost all the feed that is produced for livestock is not very convenient in shape and is often difficult to digest by animals living in the barnyard.

To improve the digestion of feed, it is advisable to pre-process. That is, pass through the crusher (grinder) and the sieve that is installed in it.

This approach allows you to add various food additives, vitamins and other components that are part of the livestock diet to the crushed feed. When adding additives, the resulting mixture must be thoroughly mixed.

It must be said here that livestock and poultry are happy to accept such food and this has a positive effect on their weight.

The possibility of obtaining feed for livestock in this form significantly increases the efficiency of feed use.

Types of crushers

Crushers can be divided into several classes:

  1. Industrial - they are used in large agro-industrial farms.
  2. Household - they have found their application in household plots.

In addition to the listed installations, the industry also produces universal equipment. It can be used to process all types of feed.

The principle of operation of crushers

The main principle of operation of the grinder is as follows - under the influence of the mechanisms that make up this equipment, the destruction of the original product occurs. Then, the resulting semi-finished product is sorted using a sieve. This device helps to sort the resulting particles by size. The fraction of the obtained particles is called the grinding value.

Hammers or knives can be used as working tools. Which rotate at high speed inside the container, into which the raw material to be processed is poured. In fact, a hammer mill resembles such an installation as a tumbling machine, which is widely used in mechanical engineering.

The working bodies can be set in motion either with the help of muscular force or an electric drive. The use of small-sized crushers, which are often used in household plots, greatly facilitates work and increases labor productivity. On large farms or agro-complexes, it is impossible to do without industrial installations. As such a unit, you can consider the "bumblebee" grain crusher. This domestic development has found wide application in small farms and household plots.

The crushing mechanism installed in this product allows processing not only feed, but also processing some materials, such as mica, which is used as additives.

Those who know how to handle the tool and the welding machine may well do the crushing plant with their own hands.

Which grain crusher is better: hammer or rotary?

In practice, crushers are used, which are based on two concepts - rotary and hammer.

impact crushers

The first type has a large weight, dimensions, and a fairly powerful electric motor will be required for its operation. Such a device easily processes crops of different types - cereals, herbs and root crops.

The working body of such a machine is a rotor with knives fixed on it.

The dimensions of the crushed raw materials directly depend on the speed of rotation of the rotor. This equipment costs significantly more than hammer equipment. In addition, due to the large overall and weight parameters, these installations are mainly used in large farms.

Hammer crushers

The crusher of this type has a more complex structural device. But this does not cause any difficulties in operation.

The composition of the hammer type includes:

  • frame;
  • hammers;
  • a container in which raw materials are poured;
  • drum;
  • sieve;
  • power point.

After starting the power plant, the drum begins to rotate, and the hammers located inside it begin to beat it from the inside.

The grain that enters the drum is split under the impact and after a while reaches a predetermined size.

In fact, there is no single answer to the question of which crusher is better. Everything is determined by the size of the farm or household plot and, of course, the requirements for feed.

In addition, a rotary machine can process the same amount of raw material faster than a hammer machine, but the quality of the resulting product is better with a hammer machine.

Grain crusher device, design features of the machine

Manufacturers put on the market a variety of crushers, with different characteristics, performance, etc. Most of these equipment are easy to maintain and do not take up much space. As noted above, crushers are used in practice, which use rotary or hammer principles in their work.

Making the chopper base
The chopper support includes the following components:

  • Flange;
  • The hub on which the bearing assembly is installed;
  • toothed drum;
  • flange support;
  • Flange mounted on the drum;
  • power plant;
  • sieve plates;
  • arcs;
  • Corner 45x45;
  • Grain funnel;
  • Fastener products.

The manufacture of a grain maker, like any other technical device, begins with the development of working documentation (drawings, sketches, specifications).

Do-it-yourself grain crusher can be made either from "0" or using unused household appliances.

crusher balancing process

Most of the equipment in which rotating units are used as a working tool undergo a balancing procedure. This work can be done independently and with the help of invited experts.

When balancing, the following sets of works must be performed:

  • identification of the causes of vibrations and their elimination;
  • control over the condition of the equipment in terms of vibration;
  • shaft balancing in existing bearings;

Why is balancing necessary? The answer lies on the surface. The thing is that the presence of excessive vibration leads to the failure of bearing assemblies, and as a result, everything can end very sadly.

Grain grinder from grinder

Angle grinder is a commonly used item in any household. Folk craftsmen figured out how to expand its capabilities. From it, with minor modifications, you can make a grain crusher with your own hands. Moreover, this event does not require special costs.

The basis of such a design can be a sheet of durable plywood, the components of the structure will be fixed on it. Instead of plywood, it is permissible to use laminate. Two holes are made in the sheet, into which they will be installed - the saw body and the receiving hopper for grain.

Clamps and bolts are used to fasten the grinder. A metal disc with mutual sharpening is used as a crusher. This will be the crushing plant for grain.

On the bottom of the sheet, it is necessary to fix the grid, with the appropriate mesh size. You can purchase a ready-made mesh (sieve), or you can use a kitchen colander.

A plastic bottle with a capacity of five liters can become a grain bunker. Everything, a homemade crusher is ready for operation.

Grain grinder from a washing machine

A grain maker can be made using an old washing machine. The principle of its operation will be similar to the operation of a coffee grinder. That is, the original product will be crushed with the help of knives that rotate inside the drum. Washing machines, for the most part, have different designs and therefore it is important to understand the very principle of operation of the chopper based on it.

The first engine must be installed on the bottom of the tank of the machine. In the same place, a grid is mounted and a window is made through which the finished product will exit.

Another engine is installed at the inlet, near the base. To protect the assembly from dust ingress, a protective cover can be installed on this design.

The motor shafts must rotate in opposite directions. Experience shows that the best solution is to install them at an angle of 25 degrees.

The size of the hopper through which the feedstock will be fed into the crusher. Again, experience shows that the shredders assembled on the basis of the washing machine have a high performance, and therefore it makes sense to install a shield gate on the hopper.

The ground grain must be fed into a container, which must be installed under the assembled plant. To increase the comfort of work, it makes sense to install a sleeve on the exit hatch, which will not allow the finished product to scatter to the side.

Grain grinder from a vacuum cleaner

A homemade crusher can also be assembled from a vacuum cleaner.

To perform this task with your own hands, the vacuum cleaner itself is not particularly needed. Enough just the engine. The sequence for making a chopper with your own hands is as follows.

To form the base, you can use laminate or plywood.

In its center, it is necessary to form a hole for installing the engine.

For the production of working knives with your own hands, it is permissible to use a steel plate. The optimum can be considered a width of up to 20 cm, a thickness of 1.5 - 2 mm.

The knife must be fixed on the motor shaft.

A kitchen sieve can be used as a working chamber.

Under the sieve, it is necessary to install a hopper where the finished product will be sent. The role of the bunker can be played by a plastic bottle.

How to make a do-it-yourself mill-crusher

Making a grain crusher with your own hands is not so difficult. To do this, you need to have an engine on hand from old household appliances, such as a vacuum cleaner or a washing machine.

In addition, you need to have some locksmith skills. By the way, when assembling such equipment with your own hands, you need to remember the safety rules. Since all motors are powered by electricity, it is necessary to take all measures to reduce the traumatic danger of the assembled product. We must not forget that fast-rotating parts are used as a working body that can cause injury to a person working on it.

Raw materials and finished product

Grain crusher, often called groats, choppers, etc., are used to release feed mass in a home or farm.

Grain and root crops are used as raw materials for obtaining ready-made feed. It must be understood that the same devices can be used to process grain and root crops, but sometimes it is necessary to reconfigure the grain crusher.

When making a grain crusher with your own hands, you should remember that after processing on a grinder, you can produce feed granules of different sizes, some of which will be suitable for cattle, others for poultry. Accordingly, the installation parameters and the dimensions of the crushing devices (knives, hammers, drums) must be selected.

After receiving the crushed product, food additives, vitamins and other components necessary to obtain a complete feed are mixed into it.