Design

How to properly weld loops to round posts. Gate hinges: types and fastening

Gates, which are installed on a suburban area, are made of different materials and perform different functions.

The main types of gates that are used for houses and country cottages:
swing;
lifting;
retractable.

Swing gates are the most popular type. The simplicity and low cost of installation have earned them well-deserved recognition.

They can be made from different materials, can be decorated in different ways. Consider a number of rules necessary in order to properly hang the gate on the supports.

The main stages of hanging the gate

In order to properly carry out all the work, - before manufacturing and hanging the gate on supports, you should calculate the main dimensions of the structure, make a sketch or assembly drawing.

At the same stage, the consumption of materials is determined. The gate should be depicted both open and closed in order to take into account all parameters as accurately as possible.

The following stages of hanging are distinguished: installation of supports, manufacture of leaves, welding of hinges, hanging the gate on poles.

Installation of supports

Installation of support pillars is the most important step in hanging the gate. The reliability of the gate itself in the future depends on how well it will be produced.

One hundred millimeter steel pipes can serve as support pillars. Channels or I-beams are sometimes used as supports, the shelf width of which is from 100 mm.

Factors affecting the depth of the foundation:

Soil type;
mass of door leaves.

Their reliability and service life depend on how the hinges are welded on or in the yard. The same can be said about . In this case, it is necessary to take into account the design features and characteristics of the material from which they are made. For example, by welding hinges to a small thickness, you can accidentally burn through the skin or warp the frame.

The choice is made taking into account the size and weight of the valves. For example, a metal garage door will require stronger bearing hinges than a wicket door. The stores offer a variety of types:

Drop-shaped with a support bearing are designed for weights up to 400 kg.
Cylindrical thanks to an amplifier that acts as a load distributor and a thrust bearing, they provide easy opening with a load of up to 600 kg.
Through are selected if it is impossible to weld hinges or bolt them. Fixation is made using a through hole in the rack. They are attached to the sash with nuts. Maximum load up to 200 kg.
3-section difficult to crack, used for hanging heavy sashes.
Forged are functional, and are used as a decoration for wooden gates.
Steel arrow hinges are often installed on garage doors made of thick metal.
Height-adjustable hinges are useful if the position of the support legs can change.

Correctly weld the loops with your own hands

In order for the structure not to sag under its own weight and to open comfortably, correctly welded hinges on the gate must meet the following requirements:

welds are made continuous;
if possible, the loops are boiled around the entire perimeter;
so that the canopies are not subjected to additional loads, they are installed as evenly as possible;
when hanging heavy sashes, install additional hinges.

We weld the ears

An inexperienced craftsman may not have the ability to reliably weld hinges with a cylindrical body to a flat surface. In this case, metal plates are used, called plates or ears. They are welded to the loops in the following order:

Two plates are placed in parallel on a flat surface with a gap between them of 2 - 3 mm;
A loop is placed in the gap;
The plates are welded with a continuous seam to the cylindrical body. One to the top of the loop, and the other to the bottom.

Features of welding loops to round, square and stone pillars

In order for the gate to function without jamming, it is necessary to weld the hinges to round posts through metal substrates 2-3 mm thick. The installation site of the canopies on the rack must be moved 5 - 6 mm outward. This will ensure the maximum opening of the valves.

On square supports, the hinges are flush with the outside. At first they are only taken. Then, using a wooden block or corner, vertical alignment is performed, controlling it with a plumb line. If nothing interferes with the opening of the gate after preliminary hanging, the final welding is carried out.

A metal pipe is placed inside the stone pillars intended for hanging the gate. Mortgages are welded to it for installing loops. If a concrete or stone pillar is without mortgages, the canopies are fastened with rods driven into or screwed into the holes. For massive gates on brick and stone fences, channel bars installed on columnar foundations are used as supports.

For welding hinges on the fence and gates, a pair of jumpers is prepared from the profile sheet. They are installed parallel to the long sides. The distance between them is chosen so that three jumpers fit. After fixing, hinges are welded from below and from above. To avoid damage by welding, the profiled sheet is screwed over the installed canopies. For reliability, it is recommended to weld garage hinges that can withstand significant loads.

We try on the gate and make the markup

Finished sashes are installed in the opening and leveled according to the level gauge. At a distance of about 20 cm from the upper and lower edges, it is planned where the loops need to be welded. If the weight of the wings exceeds 200 kg, another canopy is installed at the top. After marking with a plumb or laser level, the vertical position of the loops is checked so that there is not the slightest skew, otherwise they will wear out quickly.

Welding the hinges to the gate

Rust and dirt are removed from the canopies. They are then coated with grease or a similar lubricant so that there is no sintering during welding. Under the round loops, to ensure smooth running, metal plates up to 5 mm thick are placed. Canopies are first attached to the wings, and then to the supports. If, after checking the opening and closing, no flaws are found, final welding is carried out. Installation of hinges on metal doors and a gate is done in a similar way.

hinges on garage doors are best installed by laying them on the ground;
vertical seams are made from the bottom up, preventing the molten metal from draining;
for convenient closing of the flaps, a substrate is placed under the lower hinge before welding.

The process of welding loops is simple, but you should not rely on the accuracy of your eye. It’s better to double-check with measuring tools seven times so that you don’t have to redo everything. Haste when testing the gate, without waiting for the welds to cool completely, will also lead to re-work.

To weld the gate with your own hands, you will need the initial skills of an electric welder, which will allow you to put a short seam and assemble the structure. The most common way is to weld a gate from profile pipes.

They assemble the simplest frame and sew it up with any material. Regardless of the beauty of the design, it has a number of advantages compared to gates made of other materials.

The gate can be made from a corner, but the profile has a number of advantages. The design of it has a large margin of safety. For such a gate, this quality is especially important. It is not only static loads, but also dynamic ones with multiple daily openings.

The profile pipe is inexpensive, in comparison with other types of rolled metal products with the same technical characteristics. With good processing after welding, the structure will serve for a long time.

With the help of squares, you can make a gate of any configuration. It can be deaf, sewn up with multi-colored durable corrugated board, flat slate, sheet metal "cards". The gate is decorated with forging elements or simply sheathed with a metal mesh and profile sections.

The design itself is quite simple to manufacture by electric welding.

Two standing parts must be welded with 3 crossbars and sewn up with corrugated board. The only difficulty is welding and installing loops.

If you manage to weld the gate, then you will become subject to other frame structures for the house.

It is possible to manufacture a gate without welding. Details are fixed on brackets and bolts. But welding is a more reliable and durable option.

Dimensions and shape

You can weld the gate in the form of an arch, an ellipse and any other shape. The most popular shape is a rectangular one with several ribs to hold the pillars together and stiffen them. Installation together with columns is possible, but most often the gate is hung on loops of already standing columns.

Common dimensions of parts for the simplest design: height 2100 mm, various widths, depending on the installed poles.

Old households were equipped with rather narrow and uncomfortable gates, so you may have to make changes to the fence by moving the posts and widening the opening. As a rule, the entrance is made 1000 mm wide.

materials

The pillars are made from a profile pipe with a shelf size of 80 or 100 mm. Taking into account its lowering into the ground by 800 mm, the length of the pillars should be 3 m. Plugs are welded to the upper ends to prevent water from entering.

For greater rigidity and fixing of the rack, it is possible to weld small pieces of reinforcement or other rolled steel, 1 m long, on the segment that goes into the ground.

For stand-ups, they take a profile 40/40 or 40/60, cut off two parts with a length of 2100 mm with a grinder. Cut pipe edges at a 450 angle for a larger weld area and secure fastening.

The upper and lower lintels are prepared from the main profile, with a gate width of 1000 mm. parts are cut with a size of 980 mm. This will provide a gap between the loot and the gate of 10 mm on each side. Cut the edges at an angle of 450.

You can take a 25/40 profile for the middle jumper, its length should be 900 mm, it will be inserted inside the frame, so the width of 2 profile shelves is subtracted from the total length of the workpiece, in this case it is 80 mm.

You will need 2 hinges with an outer diameter of 30 mm and 4 steel plates 5 mm thick and 40 mm wide. The hinges must be disassembled and the inner surfaces well lubricated with grease or other grease, then assembled. Loops are best purchased with balls.

Plates are laid out on a flat surface and grabbed to each part of the loop from different sides. That is, if a plate is attached to the part of the loop with a hole from the outside, then on the counterpart, the plate is placed to the inside.

Welding is mandatory on both sides to ensure penetration of the root of the seam. After the first pass, it is necessary to beat the slag and weld the second pass. At the root, welding is performed in one pass.

Tools for the job

When all the main details of the gate are ready, you should decide on the lock and handles. If necessary, it will be necessary to weld brackets for attaching the handle from the inside.

welding machine;
electrodes for welding steel grades MP-3 or ANO-21;
hammer, sledgehammer;
protective clothing and welding mask;
building level or a simple plumb line;
trowel or spatula;
several pipe sections, 1000 mm long for lintels when concreting pillars;
concrete mortar;
for the installation and welding of the hinges, embedded parts are prepared to provide gaps between the gate, the hatch and the floor.

Having prepared all the materials and tools, proceed to the manufacture and installation of the gate.

Installation and concreting of pillars

Based on the size of the opening, mark the installation sites of the pillars and make a hole in the ground with a hand drill, 80 mm deep. Then the profile is lowered into the holes, set strictly in a vertical position using a level or plumb line.

Special attention should be paid to this operation. The correctness of the entire installation of the gate depends on it. The pillars are fastened together with spacers and additionally each with jibs, poured with concrete, not forgetting to compact it when pouring. Now the concrete needs to be allowed to harden for a day.

Frame welding

Welding can be done first, and then poles can be placed, but vice versa. It does not take much time to weld the structure. On a flat surface lay out the standing parts and jumpers.

Put them on the level. Connect the stand and top jumper. Put 2 tacks on each rack from the outside and side. In the same way, grab the bottom part.

Measure the diagonal with a tape measure. A skew of 2 mm is allowed on the side, but it is better to do it without skew. Having set the diagonal, they grab it from the outer end surface of the joints. Mark and grab an additional structural strut. It should be flush with the surface of the uprights.

Scald the entire structure from all sides. The front side of the gate, on which the lining will be attached, is cleaned with a grinder. All other joints are beaten with a hammer and the quality of the welding seam is checked.

With large pores, these places are scalded again. Now you can clean up the uneven joints a little without breaking the seam. The wicket structure is ready.

It is necessary to weld the hinges on the wicket frame. This can be done when hanging it on poles, but welding in the lower position will provide a better seam.

For welding, mark the same distance from the edge of the structure, set the hinges coaxially to each other and the gate, grab them in several places. Once again, check the correct installation of the loops and boil them on both sides.

Hanging on poles

After allowing the concrete to stand, proceed to the installation and fastening of the street door. Remove spacers from loot. With the help of mortgages, the position of the gate between the pillars is set in compliance with the gaps.

From below, to prevent rubbing when the structure sags, a gap of 100 mm is made. This will keep the yard ventilated and prevent chafing. Check the correct installation in all planes and start welding the loops.

The plates on the counterpart of the loop are placed on the pole. Now follows from all sides of the plate. Remove embedded parts and check the operation of the gate. It should work easily without scuffing.

sheathing

If you sew up the gate with mesh or rods, they should be fixed before installation on the poles. When laying a sheet of corrugated board, it should be fixed after welding. The corrugated board is fixed on self-tapping screws, the caps of which are covered with decorative overlays.

Without high-quality welding, the gate will not last long. For reliability, be sure to check the filling of the seam with melt metal.

Before welding, once again check the correct installation of the part or the structure as a whole. Take your time.

Before sheathing with sheets of corrugated board, be sure to degrease all surfaces and go through first with a primer, and then with paint that matches the color of the decorative coating of the gate and fence.

Having correctly and efficiently completed all the welding and installation of the gate, you gain invaluable experience in the manufacture of frame structures.

The functionality of the gate is based not only on their reliable locking, holding power loads and strength, but also on convenient opening / closing. Ideally, the last two characteristics, as well as the absence of gaps between closed gates, are achieved using high-quality welded hinges. Anyone who knows how to use electric manual arc welding will be able to weld the hinges to the gate with quality if they know how to do it right.

Opening and closing the gate without squeaks and jerks is the best that the correct installation of the hinges can give. How to achieve this? First, choose the right way to install the hinges for a particular material of the gate and support posts. Metal, wooden, corrugated or polycarbonate gates, metal, wooden, concrete, foam concrete, brick, stone or cinder block poles: in any case, it will be best to choose ball hinges. In the cavities of such loops there are balls, which greatly facilitate the movement of the gate.

First you need to find out how the loops on the gate work in pairs: on one gate leaf, both loops must be on a mentally drawn straight center line. That is, after the completion of high-quality work, the lower loop should be exactly under the upper one, and both loops should have an even axial location in space. With such welding of the hinges, the weight load of the door will be distributed evenly on the hinged supports.

Beginning of work

The cylindrical shape of the hinges often makes inexperienced welders wonder: “Does this even cook?”. Boiled. Loops made from a hexagon or a tetrahedron are actually more difficult to cook. According to the correct technology, the loops are first welded to special plates. It is desirable to do this on a flat horizontal surface, for example, on an anvil (at the same time, you can attach the “minus” of the welding machine to it). An integral requirement: it is necessary to weld the plates to the hinges with a continuous seam.

It is not difficult to choose the right size platter. We take into account the weight of the gate and the strength of the material from which they are made and determine by eye how long the welding seam can withstand the weight and not allow the door structure to deform. Plastics organize a convenient working "platform" for welding, and they also serve as distribution plates for the door leaf, which does not allow the latter to "break" even with the overall heavy weight of the door structure.

Gate installation

It is necessary to carry out welding of loops with already welded plastics permanently, having previously placed the gate in the “native window”. That is, the gate will have to be fixed "idle" and reach their required position even before the start of welding. The position of the doors must be checked and rechecked as many times as the average first grader knows the numbers - at least ten.

Welding

After a thorough check of the location of the gate, pre-measured and marked fields for the plates, it is possible to start welding work from the lower hinges on the poles. Vertical seams are the most difficult job for a welder. But thanks to the plates, even an inexperienced welder can handle them. When one bayonet part of the hinge on the sash is welded, it will be possible to use the laser level to verify the correct location of its axis and to determine the exact location of the second bayonet hinge.

Completion

After carefully welding the bayonet parts of the loops on the pole, they will need to be baited with the plug-in upper parts of the loops immediately with the balls. Then press the baited part as tightly as possible to the door leaf and continue welding.

At the end of welding, the seams can be processed with a grinder.

This technology has been successfully used by all door installation services for a long time. It will not be difficult to do it yourself if you have welding skills and the necessary equipment with consumables:

metal door hinges;
Records / plastics;
Welding machine;
electrodes;
Locksmith's hammer;
Welding mask, gloves and overalls;
Bulgarian.

Please note that the gate must open outward, because if the gate opens inward during heavy snowfall in winter, this can be a big problem!

Hinge installation example

Gates are an integral part of any fence. They are designed to play the role of not only the entry and exit of the car, but also protection against intruders entering the site. In addition, the gate performs a decorative function. Today, their design can be massive, so you need to pay special attention to high-quality installation. If, then it is very important to weld correctly, which will hold the sashes.

Features of welding loops

In order for the gate to be operated without problems, as well as to exclude their subsidence, it is necessary to carry out work on welding the hinges in accordance with all the rules. During welding, pay special attention to:

The integrity of the weld, which cannot have gaps.
welding depth. It would be ideal to weld the loops over the entire plane with which they adjoin the pole.
Evenness of welding, in order to further eliminate unnecessary pressure on the weld.
Supplementing the main loops with another pair for too weighty designs.

There is also some list of what is mandatory, since the safety of the work performed depends on these rules:

Tools for the job

Any work, as always, begins with a drawing, which should display in detail all the structural elements and their location, as well as have accurate dimensions. Already in accordance with the project, the material is selected and the tools are prepared. So, for work you will need:

Welding machine
Yardstick
Building level
Protective clothing with mask and gloves
Of course, gate hinges must be purchased. They must be of high quality, since the use of low-grade components can ruin the finished structure.

Self-welding loops

The installation of hinges on the gate consists of several interrelated processes that must be carried out in a technical sequence. We will talk further about how to properly weld the hinges on the gate.

Platik installation

For the correct installation of loops with a circular cross section, plates must be welded to them. This is done only with an even seam. These elements help to properly attach the hinges to the gates themselves and the posts.

Important! Plastics are selected in accordance with the mass of the gate structure and the strength of the material of manufacture.

Some of the most experienced craftsmen weld round loops without installing plates. This is also possible, but with their use, the mount becomes more reliable.

Gate installation

First of all, before welding, it is necessary to place the leaves in the opening of the gate so that they stand correctly, as they will be used in the future. For the correct location of the gate in the opening, it is imperative to have a long building level, which will help to position the doors in a quality manner. Alignment should be done several times to make sure the alignment is correct. Only then can the hinges be welded.

Hinge welding process

This procedure is not as complicated as it seems, and its independent reproduction is quite possible. Welding loops is carried out according to the following algorithm:

Lubricating the hinges with grease to ensure their smooth operation after installation. Preparation of thin pads for hinges with a thickness of not more than 5 mm. First of all, such details are required for loops with a circular cross section.
Marking with a marker or construction pencil. Loops are located above and below with indents from the edges by 30 cm.
Welding loops to the canvas. First, grabbing movements are performed, and only then a single, maximally even seam is formed.
After the first seam is made, it is necessary to check how correctly the doors open and close. If everything is correct, then you can continue welding.
After the hinges on the gate are welded and the seams have cooled, they are processed with a grinder to achieve maximum evenness.
After all the work done, you can paint the gates and hinges in any color or make another finishing treatment of the variety that is desired.

Welding loops is a rather complicated process, which should be approached with all seriousness and responsibility so that there are no problems during future operation. For high-quality installation, you should follow the advice given by professional craftsmen:

Be sure to study the drawing before work, since the hinges are installed in a certain order. If everything is taken into account in advance, then there will be no need to redo the finished structure.
Hinges of a direct type are welded only when the gate is laid on the floor.
If the stand for welding the loop is round, then the element is tempered by 5 mm.
For the first time after welding the hinges, the door can only be opened after the joints have completely cooled down.
Before welding, it is better to perform, for convenience, a kind of stand for the bottom loop.