Coastal defense battleship "Admiral General Apraksin". Fedor Apraksin: biography, awards, public service Composition of the battleship crew General Admiral Apraksin

Fedor Matveevich Apraksin

Apraksin Fedor Matveevich (27.11.(7.12).1661-10(21).11.1728, Moscow), naval leader, admiral general (1708) of the Russian fleet, one of the closest associates of Peter I. In 1693, he held the rank of stolnik with Tsar in Arkhangelsk and at the same time appointed governor of Dvina and governor of Arkhangelsk, supervised the construction of the first state-owned merchant ship at the Solombala shipyard. Participant of the second Azov campaign (1696) and the Kerch campaign (1699). In 1700-1706 he headed the Admiralty Prikaz, was the governor of Azov, founded Taganrog, supervised the construction of the fleet in Voronezh, the restructuring of Azov, the construction of a shipyard in Tavrov, which he founded, and a cannon factory in Liptsy. From 1706 he managed the Armory, Yamsky orders and the Mint. In 1708 he commanded the naval fleet in the Baltic and Russian troops in Ingria, defeated the Swedes in Izhora land near Rakobor and in the Koporye Bay. In 1709 he again supervised the construction of ships in Voronezh. In 1710 he commanded a corps that, in early spring, crossed the ice of the Gulf of Finland from Kronstadt and captured the heavily fortified Swedish fortress of Vyborg. Since 1711, Apraksin commanded the Azov Fleet, ruled Estland, Ingermanland and Karelia, and headed the naval and land forces located there (1712). In 1713-1714, commanding a corps, he captured the territory of Finland, and the galley fleet under his leadership captured coastal points, which deprived the Swedes of their last bases in the Gulf of Finland. In the Battle of Gangut in 1714, a galley fleet led by Apraksin defeated the Swedish fleet. In 1715 he led the cruising operations of the Russian fleet in the Gulf of Finland. Since 1717, President of the Admiralty Collegiums, Senator. At the head of the naval fleet, he again carried out cruising operations in the Gulf of Finland, commanding a galley fleet, and landed troops on both banks of the Stockound Strait, which defeated the Swedish troops. In 1720 he led the fortification of Kronstadt. In 1722, commander of the Naval Forces of the Caspian Sea, participant in the Persian Campaign of 1722-1723. In 1723-1726 member of the Supreme Privy Council. In 1727 (37) he retired from government affairs. Awarded the orders of St. Andrew the First-Called, St. Alexander Nevsky, and a gold sword with diamonds.

Materials used from the book: Military Encyclopedic Dictionary. M., 1986.

Apraksin Fedor Matveevich (1661-11/10/1728), military leader, admiral general (1708), count (1710). From the Apraksin family. Brother of A. M. and P. M. Apraksin and Queen Martha - the wife of Tsar Fyodor Alekseevich. From 1682 he was a steward of Peter I, a participant in the creation of “amusing” detachments, and in 1693-96 he was the Dvina governor and governor of Arkhangelsk. In 1696 he took part in the 2nd Azov campaign. From 1700 he headed the Admiralty Order with the rank of Admiralty and Azov Governor, and supervised the construction of the Azov Fleet. From 1708 he commanded a corps in Ingria and Finland. In 1712-23 he ruled Estland, Ingria, Karelia, Finland, and commanded a galley fleet in the Gangut naval battle (1714). In 1715-19 he led naval and landing operations in the Baltic. In 1717-28 he was president of the Admiralty College. During the Persian campaign of 1722-23 he commanded the Caspian flotilla, in 1723-26 - the Baltic fleet.

Used materials from the site Great Encyclopedia of the Russian People - http://www.rusinst.ru

Apraksin Fedor Matveevich (1661 - 10.XI.1728) - admiral general of the Russian fleet (from 1708), brother of Queen Martha - the wife of Tsar Fedor Alekseevich, count. Since 1682 - steward of Peter I, participant in the creation of the "amusing" army. In 1693-1696 - Dvina governor and governor of Arkhangelsk. Participated in the 2nd Azov campaign (1696). Since 1700 - the chief head of the admiralty order and the Azov governor. He supervised the creation of military and commercial harbors in Taganrog and new shipyards in Tavrov and Novopavlovsk. In 1709, he successfully led the repulse of the Swedes' attack on Kronshlot and St. Petersburg. In 1710 he commanded the corps that took Vyborg. In 1712-1723 he commanded the Baltic states and Karelia, and was at the head of a galley squadron in the Battle of Gangut in 1714. In 1715-1719 he led a number of naval and landing operations in the Baltic. The first president of the Admiralty College (since 1718). In the Persian campaign of 1722-1723 he commanded the Caspian flotilla. In 1723-1726 - at the head of the Baltic Fleet. He enjoyed the trust of Peter I (Apraksin was the 2nd member of the commission on the case of Tsarevich Alexei), but abused this. Lacking independence and decisiveness, Apraksin was only a capable executor of the orders of Peter I. In 1726 - a member of the Supreme Privy Council, a supporter of A.D. Menshikov. Died in Moscow.

Soviet historical encyclopedia. In 16 volumes. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia. 1973-1982. Volume 1. AALTONEN – AYANY. 1961.

Literature: Letters and papers from imp. Peter the Great, vol. 1-10, St. Petersburg - M.-L., 1887-1956; Veselago R. P., Essay in Russian. maritime history, part 1, (St. Petersburg), 1875; RBS, vol. 2, St. Petersburg, 1900.

Apraksin Fyodor Matveevich - steward and governor, then admiral general, count, the middle of the 3 sons of steward M.V. Apraksin, brother of Queen Martha, wife of Tsar Fyodor Alekseevich. Genus. in 1661. From 1682 - steward of Peter I, participant in the creation of the “amusing” army. In 1693-1696 - Dvina governor and governor of Arkhangelsk - the only pestilence at that time. a port in Russia through which all overseas trade was carried out; At the Solombala shipyard, A. supervised the construction of the 1st state merchant ship.

ship and equipped it for trade abroad. In 1696 he took part in the 1st Azov campaign, and then was appointed by Peter Ch. supervisor of ship construction in Voronezh. After the king's return from a foreign voyage (1698), he participated in the first pestilence. Russian maneuvers fleet to Azov. sea ​​near the future Taganrog. 18 Feb 1700 appointed ch. beginning Admiralty order, with the title “Admiralty”, and the basics. governor. Until 1706 he managed to build many military and trade buildings. ships that then made up Azov. fleet, rebuild Azov itself, found Taganrog with an extensive harbor for warships and organize a pestilence. Trinity fortress. At the mouth of the river Mius, he built the Pavlovsk fortress, and the Voronezh shipyard was equipped with new locks and docks, and new shipyards were founded in Tavrov and Novopavlovsk. In 1708 he was awarded the rank of admiral general, and in the fall of the same year he successfully commanded a corps operating in Ingria and Finland. In 1709 he received the title of count. In 1712-1723 he ruled Estland, Ingermanland and Karelia, and from 1714 he commanded a galley flotilla that distinguished itself at sea. battle near Cape Gangut. From 1718 - President of the Admiralty College. During the Persians. campaign 1722-1723 commanded the Caspian flotilla, in 1723-1726 - Balt. fleet. He enjoyed the great confidence of Peter I and was a capable executor of his orders, holder of the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called. Since 1726 - member of the Verkhovna Rada. Privy Council, supporter of A.D. Menshikov. Died November 10 1728 in Moscow. He was married to Khrushchova (+1702), but left no offspring from her., naval commander. Genus. in an old noble family. He became a steward for Tsar Peter I and participated in the creation of the “amusing” army. In 1692, Apraksin was appointed governor of Dvina and governor of Arkhangelsk, where he built a merchant ship, laying the foundation for the Russian Empire. merchant fleet. In 1696 he took part in the Azov campaign. In 1700, Peter I awarded Apraksin the title of admiralty and appointed him governor of Azov, entrusting him with the responsibility of building a fleet for the Sea of ​​​​Azov. B was promoted to admiral and became president of the Admiralty. In 1708, Apraksin repelled the attack of the Swedes who tried to ruin St. Petersburg, for which he received the title of count. In his honor, a medal was knocked out, depicting, on the one hand, Apraksin, and on the other, a fleet lined up, with the inscription: “Keeping this does not sleep; death is better than infidelity. 1708.” He took the Vyborg fortress, for which he was awarded the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called and a golden sword decorated with diamonds. Being among the closest assistants of Peter I, he was a diligent and precise executor of his will, serving “according to the strength of his mind with a joyful heart and a clear conscience,” which did not prevent Apraksin from throwing his hand into the state. treasury For this he was convicted three times and paid huge fines. Peter forgave Apraksin's sins for his undoubted merits. In 1712 - 1713 Apraksin made two trips to Finland

, took Helsingfors and defeated the Swedes. In 1714 he successfully commanded a galley fleet in the Battle of Gangut. Apraksin’s successful actions in the Baltic Sea contributed to the conclusion of favorable terms for Russia at the Nystadt Peace. During the Persian campaign of 1722, Apraksin commanded the Caspian flotilla. A major military leader, he was also appointed to administrative positions: from 1707 to 1711 he was in charge of the Mint, and from 1717 he was president of the Admiralty Boards. He participated as a member of the trial of Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich, and in Apraksin he was appointed a member of the Supreme Privy Council, who was entrusted with managing all state affairs.

Apraksin Fedor Matveevich (1661-11/10/1728), military leader, admiral general (1708), count (1710). From the Apraksin family Brother of Andrei Matveevich and Pyotr Matveevich Apraksin and Queen Martha - the wife of Tsar Fyodor Alekseevich. In 1682 he was promoted to steward under Pyotr Alekseevich and enlisted in the “amusing” troops. He accompanied Peter on his military adventures, his trip to Arkhangelsk and his voyage across the White Sea. In 1693-1696 Dvina voivode and governor of Arkhangelsk. In 1696 he took part in the 2nd Azov campaign. From 1700, the chief head of the Admiralty Prikaz with the rank of Admiralty and Azov Governor. For almost 6 years, Apraksin’s activities took place in Voronezh, where the Azov Fleet was hastily built. Apraksin was responsible not only for supplying the fleet with everything necessary, but also for taking care of its passage to Azov, for the organization a shipyard at the mouth of Voronezh, a cannon factory in the village of Liptsy, an establishment of the Admiralty and docks in Tavrov, about the construction of a harbor and fortifications in Taganrog, about deepening the shallow mouths of the Don and about carrying out hydrographic work. In 1707, Apraksin was promoted to admiral and president of the Admiralty Collegiums, took personal command of the fleet and transferred his activities to the Baltic Sea. From 1708 he commanded a corps in Ingria and Finland; repelled the attack of the Swedes, who set themselves the goal of capturing Kronshlot and Kotlin and ruining St. Petersburg. Apraksin was granted full privy councilor status and elevated to the rank of count. In memory of the victory, a medal was stamped with the image of Apraksin on one side, and the fleet, built in a line, on the other. In 1708, according to the highest order, Apraksin was given a salary equal to that of a field marshal general. In 1710, at the head of an army of 10,000, Apraksin undertook a campaign to Vyborg and, with the help of reinforcements delivered by Peter I himself, forced the fortress to capitulate. For the capture of Vyborg he was awarded the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called and a golden sword. 1711-1712 spent in Azov, where he was forced to fulfill the conditions Prut Peace . In 1712-1723 he ruled Estland, Ingermanland, Karelia, and Finland. In 1714, the galley fleet under the command of Apraksin won the first naval victory over the Swedes in Gangut naval battle . In 1715-1719, Apraksin led naval and landing operations in the Baltic; while commanding a galley fleet, he inflicted significant defeats on the Swedes, incl. in the vicinity of Stockholm. Upon conclusion Peter I generously rewarded the sailors; Count Apraksin received the highest naval award - the Kaiser Flag. In 1717-1728, President of the Admiralty Colleges. During the Persian campaign of 1722-1723 he commanded the Caspian flotilla, in 1723-1726 - the Baltic fleet. In addition, in 1707-1711 Apraksin was in charge of the Mint, and in 1710 the entire Azov region was subordinated to his jurisdiction. In 1717-1718 he was a member of the commission on the case of Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich. Several times he was accused of various abuses that “harmed state interests and increased the misfortunes of the people,” but because of Peter I’s disposition towards him, he only got off with large fines. In 1726 he was appointed a member of the Supreme Privy Council, a supporter of A.D. Menshikov. In 1728 he moved to Moscow, where he died. According to contemporaries, Apraksin was not distinguished by outstanding abilities, but was a kind person, a cheerful, hospitable host. Apraksin died childless. He bequeathed to use part of his funds to build the Church of St. Andrew the Apostle in St. Petersburg.

Book materials used: Sukhareva O.V. Who was who in Russia from Peter I to Paul I, Moscow, 2005

Apraksin Fedor Matveevich (1661 - 1728) Admiral General. Fyodor Apraksin came from a noble boyar family, was the brother of Queen Marfa (Marfa Matveevna Apraksina - ed.) - the wife of the Tsar Fedor Alekseevich. Since then he was a steward under Fyodor Alekseevich, after whose death he entered the same rank to the young Tsar Peter. Together with him, he participated in amusing war games in the village of Preobrazhenskoye, sailed on the lake on a boat, later called the “grandfather of the Russian fleet” (to this day it is kept in the Naval Museum of St. Petersburg). Youthful amusements predetermined the future fate of Fyodor Matveevich: becoming an associate battle near Cape Gangut. From 1718 - President of the Admiralty College. During the Persians. campaign 1722-1723 commanded the Caspian flotilla, in 1723-1726 - Balt. fleet. He enjoyed the great confidence of Peter I and was a capable executor of his orders, holder of the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called. Since 1726 - member of the Verkhovna Rada. Privy Council, supporter of A.D. Menshikov. Died November 10 1728 in Moscow. He was married to Khrushchova (+1702), but left no offspring from her., he most of all proved himself as a fleet builder and naval commander, as the first president of the Admiralty Collegiums - the highest governing body of the Russian maritime department.

Back in 1693, Apraksin was entrusted with the governorship of Arkhangelsk - the only Russian port at that time through which trade with other countries took place. In letters to Fyodor Matveyevich, Peter called him “Mein Herr Governor Archangel.” Apraksin supervised the construction of the first commercial government ship at the Solombala shipyard and its equipment for sending Russian goods abroad. His joy at the launch of this ship was genuine. In 1696, Apraksin took part in the second Azov campaign against the Turks, which ended successfully.

After the capture of Azov, the question arose about the construction of ships for the Azov flotilla. On October 20, the Boyar Duma, based on the report of Peter I, decided: “There will be sea vessels.” This day is considered to be the birthday of the regular Russian Navy. The closest shipbuilding center to Azov was the Voronezh shipyard, the management of which was entrusted to Apraksin. With Mr. Fyodor Matveevich headed the order of admiralty affairs, which was in charge of all issues of shipbuilding and armament of Russian ships. During these same years, he was the governor of Azov, the immediate head of the Azov Fleet, and the founder of Taganrog, a harbor for military ships and a fortress.

Under the supervision of Apraksin, the mouths of Taganrog were strengthened, new shipyards were established in Tavrov and Novopavlovsk, and work was carried out to defend Voronezh and the ships stationed in it from Tatar raids.

Soon after the death of the head of the Military Naval Order F. Golovin, Fedor Matveevich was appointed President of the Admiralty with the unification of the leadership of all naval affairs in his person; from 1708 - admiral general.

In the city of Apraksin he was granted the rank of count and actual privy councilor. In the same year, he received from the Tsar the task of leading a campaign of a 13,000-strong Russian corps to capture Vyborg, which, according to Peter’s plan, was to become a “cushion for St. Petersburg.” Having made a two-day journey across the ice from Kronstadt to Vyborg, Apraksin’s troops began to besiege the fortress, stopping all attempts at enemy attacks. Having waited for 5,000 reinforcements and an artillery siege park that arrived by sea, the commander strengthened the blockade line and made vigorous preparations for the assault, but the commandant of Vyborg chose to capitulate on June 12. The entire garrison of the fortress was captured, the Russians got 5.5 thousand guns, all the guns and large reserves of gunpowder and shells. For the capture of Vyborg, Apraksin received the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called and a golden sword decorated with diamonds as a reward.

In 1711, the Admiral General again headed the Azov Fleet and took part in battles, defending the region from the attack of the Turks. After Peter’s unsuccessful Prut campaign against the Turks, Fyodor Matveyevich was entrusted, according to the provisions of the peace treaty, with the destruction of his own brainchild - the southern fortresses and ships on the Sea of ​​​​Azov. Next year he is again sent to the north - to manage Estland, Ingermanland and Karelia, to lead the naval and ground forces there. In 1713, acting under the direct command of Peter and commanding a galley fleet, the Admiral General recaptured the cities of Borgo and Gelsinfors from the Swedes, thereby depriving the enemy of the last maneuverable base in the Gulf of Finland. Then, at the head of the ground corps, Fyodor Matveyevich moved from Helsinfors towards the troops of the Swedish commander-in-chief Armfeld and defeated them near Pelken, while a landing was skillfully used against the flank and rear of the enemy.

On July 26 - 27, 1714, a battle between the Apraksin fleet and the Swedish fleet took place near the Gangut Peninsula (Hanko) on the Baltic Sea. The king also took an active part in it and developed a battle plan.

Locked in the bay, the squadron of the Swedish Rear Admiral Ehrenskiöld (10 ships) was attacked by Apraksin, who gave the command to board, and surrendered along with the commander. After the Gangut victory, the Baltic Sea ceased to be a “Swedish lake”; the outcome of the Northern War was a foregone conclusion. Peter, who put the Gangut victory on a par with the Poltava one, ordered a special medal to be knocked out in honor of this victory and a temple to be built in St. Petersburg, near the Fontanka. Fyodor Matveyevich was entrusted with managing the region, in which Chief General M. Golitsyn actively assisted him. Living in St. Petersburg, Apraksin took care of the strengthening of Kronstadt, and more than once led Russian ships against the Swedes in the Baltic Sea. Since 1718, he was president of the Admiralty Collegiums - the new central body for managing Russian maritime affairs. At the conclusion of the Peace of Nystadt with Sweden (1721), Admiral General Apraksin received from the Tsar the right to carry the Kaiser flag on his ship (Gangut). In 1722, commanding the Caspian flotilla, he accompanied Peter on the Persian (Caspian) campaign, was his assistant in the capture of Derbent, and once almost died at the hands of a captured Lezgin.

In the spring, Mr. Fyodor Matveevich returned to St. Petersburg with the Tsar and here took command of the Baltic Fleet, which consisted of 24 battleships and 5 frigates. During the ceremonial launch of Peter’s boat (the “grandfather of the Russian fleet”) to the Kotlinsky roadstead on August 11, 1723, Admiral General Apraksin occupied a place of honor in the crew. At the very beginning of 1725, Apraksin visited the already terminally ill Peter, and he advised him to conduct an expedition across the Arctic Sea to the distant shores of Kamchatka. The expedition under the leadership of Captain-Commander Bering soon set off.

Apraksin's life was not cloudless. Twice, in 1714 and 1718, he was brought to investigation for embezzlement of public funds. The first time he himself was innocent, but was fined for the abuses of those under his command; the second time - he could not justify himself for personal guilt, he was even subjected to deprivation of property and dignity, but out of respect for his merits, Peter I ordered to limit himself to a monetary penalty.

In May 1725, already at Catherine I, Fyodor Matveyevich was awarded the newly established Order of St. Alexander Nevsky "as a reward for his labors for the Fatherland." He still commanded the Baltic Fleet, and in 1726 he protected Revel from the British. In the same year he was appointed a member of the then established Supreme Privy Council, actively supported HELL. Menshikova, who enjoyed unlimited power under Catherine I. In 1727, weighed down by the flared-up palace intrigues, Count Apraksin retired from government affairs and moved to Moscow, where he died at the age of 67.

He was buried in the Moscow Zlatoust Monastery. On the 10th day of November 1728, the servant of God, Admiral General, Minister of the State Supreme Privy Council, Acting State Councilor, President of the State Admiralty Board, Governor-General of the Principality of Estonia, holder of both Russian orders, Count Fyodor Matveevich Apraksin, died, and he was 67 years old. years". The deceased had no children, and therefore Peter confirmed his dignity as a count and all the villages for Apraksin's brother, Andrei Matveevich.

Fyodor Matveyevich did a lot to create and strengthen the Russian fleet, he was a skillful and courageous naval commander, although when organizing military operations he did not always show independence and decisiveness, relying on Peter’s instructions. Count Apraksin was distinguished by his calm disposition, hospitality, desire for the good of everyone, and therefore had few envious people and was highly respected.

Book materials used: Kovalevsky N.F.

History of Russian Goverment. Biographies of famous military figures of the 18th - early 20th centuries. M. 1997

Apraksin Fedor Matveevich (1661-1728) - Admiral General.

Participated in the creation of Peter's amusing regiments. One of the first in Russia to become an admiral general. In 1693-1696. With the appointment of Dvina and Arkhangelsk voivode, he began the construction of Russian ships.

Since 1696, he was entrusted with the management of the construction of ships in Voronezh. On February 18, 1700, he was appointed head of the Admiralty Prikaz.

From 1706 he became the head of the Armory and Yamsky orders and the Mint, and in 1707 he was appointed president of the Admiralty and promoted to admiral. In 1708 he was promoted to Commander-in-Chief of the Russian troops in Ingria. From this year until 1719, under his leadership, the troops and navy won a number of convincing victories over the Swedes.

In 1719, Peter 1 appointed Apraksin governor of Estland. During the Caspian campaign of 1722-1723. he heads the Caspian Flotilla, and upon returning to St. Petersburg commands the Baltic Fleet.

Book materials used: A.A. Grigoriev, V.I. Gasumyanov. History of Russian state reserves (from the 9th century to 1917). 2003.

Fyodor Matveyevich Apraksin was a relative of Peter I and a member of his inner circle, in which the steward both studied business with the tsar and went on a drinking spree. On his first trip to the White Sea, Peter appointed Apraksin as governor of Arkhangelsk. He oversaw the construction of the first European-style ships and sent them with goods abroad. The tsar transferred the steward, who became acquainted with shipbuilding, to Voronezh, took him with him on a voyage to Kerch, and on April 18, 1700, put him at the head of the Admiralty Prikaz, removing the guilty admiralty Protasyev.

In Voronezh, Apraksin faced a huge amount of work and even more chaos. There were not enough craftsmen and sailors, materials and equipment; it was necessary to simultaneously build ships and new shipyards, workshops and factories, ports and fortresses to protect them.

People died from disease in unhealthy areas. Hired specialists from different countries quarreled. It was not easy to reconcile them.

F.M. Apraksin led the development of the Azov Fleet almost independently.

Admiral F.A. Golovin, loaded with foreign policy issues, gave general instructions. Peter I wrote and visited more often, but his interests were directed to the Baltic.

Starting the invasion of Russia, Charles XII set the task for groups of troops from Estonia and Finland to attack St. Petersburg from both sides and return the Baltic Sea coast. However, Apraksin, with the help of partisan detachments, stopped the advance of Liebecker’s army coming from Vyborg and defeated the corps moving from the west. Lybecker's troops, suffering from a lack of food, had no choice but to evacuate by sea.

For saving the capital, the king erected F.M.

Apraksin to the dignity of count, promoted to actual privy councilor and ordered to pay a salary as a field marshal general. F.F.

Veselago believed that it was from this moment that the rank of admiral general, equal to field marshal general, appeared.

As a result of this campaign, the idea was born that the fortified line on the river could be bypassed by sea. In the spring of the following year, Apraksin placed the main forces on a galley flotilla, which landed troops on the shores, while the cavalry moved overland. During this campaign, they managed to capture Helsingfors (Helsinki), Abo and most of Finland. The Swedes, defeated by Apraksin's troops at the Pyalkanya River, retreated to the north. To strike Sweden, a galley flotilla had to be sent to the Gulf of Bothnia. But the royal fleet stationed at Cape Gangut did not allow the galleys to enter the campaign of 1713.

The Russian naval fleet did not yet have the necessary experience to fight the Swedish one. The rowing fleet should have broken through into the Gulf of Bothnia without naval support. But when Apraksin brought his galleys to Gangut in 1714, he again met the Swedish fleet stationed there since the spring, which blocked the passage through the Gangut Reach.

Apraksin had to justify the high rank of admiral general by either leading the naval fleet or leading the galleys. More and more, the admiral became not only an administrator, but also a naval commander. In 1715, he commanded a naval fleet sailing in the Gulf of Finland, and the following summer he led a rowing flotilla, which, with raids on the Swedish shores, distracted the enemy from the landing in Sweden planned by the allies.

The landing did not take place, and we had to rely on our own strength.

The domestic fleet gradually gained strength and experience. Already in 1715-1716, detachments of privateers sent by Apraksin captured enemy ships. The long cruises of the entire fleet under the flag of the Admiral General in 1717-1718 helped the sailors gain knowledge, courage, and taught them the desire to achieve victory.

Having lost hope in English allies and the ability to resist, under the blows of Russian landings that destroyed ports and factories, losing dozens of ships that were captured by privateers, the Swedes entered into negotiations and on August 30, 1721 signed the Treaty of Nystadt, which established Russia on the shores of the Baltic. Since F.M.

Apraksin had already earned all possible awards; for his enormous services, the tsar awarded him the Kaiser flag of the highest naval official. The naval commander first raised this flag in 1722, when he commanded the Caspian flotilla in the Persian campaign. The aging sailor had to get caught in a storm more than once. Upon his return from the south, the Admiral General remained at the head of the fleet and often took it to sea for exercises and demonstrations.

After the death of Peter the Great, he tried to preserve Russia's naval power. Apraksin was close to the empress and her favorite A.D.

Menshikov, received the Order of St. Alexander Nevsky, and in 1726 became a member of the Supreme Privy Council, to which real power in Russia passed.

The court intrigues of the sea occupied him little. He had enough to do in the navy.

When, due to the careless steps of the government, the danger of war with England arose, the Admiral General negotiated with the commander of the English fleet stationed at Revel and prepared ships. His flexible but firm position helped avoid a clash between Russia and the European coalition.

Apraksin, the last of those who began the creation of the Russian fleet with Peter the Great, died on November 10, 1728. The admiral general was buried in the Moscow Zlatoust Monastery, where his ancestors were buried. Apraksin at one time donated gifts to the monastery, including trophies taken in Finland. The grave has not survived to this day: in the 1930s the temple was destroyed and residential and administrative buildings were erected in its place. Neither the monument nor the plaque reminds us of the final resting place of one of the creators of the Russian fleet, a winner on land and at sea, the only one who fully justified the title of admiral general.

Materials used from the site http://100top.ru/encyclopedia/

Read further:

Apraksins, noble and count family.

Admirals of the Russian Fleet. Russia raises the sails / Comp. V.D. Dotsenko. - St. Petersburg: Lenizdat, 1995. -S.

92-106.

Ammon G.A. Marine memorable dates / Ed.

V.N-Alekseeva. - M.: Voenizdat, 1987. - 397 p.: ill. See Name. decree.

Belavenets P.I. Admiral General Fedor Matveevich Apraksin. - Revel, 1899.-31 p.

Verkh V.N. Biography of Admiral General Count Fyodor Matveevich Apraksin.-SPb.: type. N. Grecha, 1825. - 153 p.

Vasiliev M.V. Siege and capture of Vyborg by Russian troops and navy in 1710 - M.: Voenizdat, 1953. - 104 p.: ill., map.

Veselago F.F. A brief history of the Russian fleet. - 2nd ed. - M.; L.: Voenmorizdat, 1939.-S. 13-16.

Veselago R. P., Essay in Russian. maritime history, part 1, (St. Petersburg), 1875; RBS, vol. 2, St. Petersburg, 1900.

Dmitriev S.I. Admiral General Count F.M. Apraksin.

Companion of Peter the Great. 1671 - 1728. - Pg.: electric furnace. K.A. Chetverikova, 1914.-36 p.

Pavlenko N.I. Peter the Great. - M.: Mysl, 1990. - 591 p.: ill. - (Bible ser.). See Decree. names

Rubakhin V.F. Counts Apraksins and their St. Petersburg patrimony - Apraksin Dvor. St. Petersburg, 1912.

Fedor Matveevich Apraksin: [Gallery of Russia.
naval commanders) // Marine. collection. - 1990. -No. 10.-S. 32 + colors

portrait
Lindeström decided to go to Revel - there was no point in returning to the base, in Kronstadt. By evening, having measured the depth of the sea, Durnovo realized that they had been carried south. We decided to navigate by the lighthouse of one of the largest islands in the Gulf of Finland, Gogland, which was located somewhere nearby.

Suddenly, a red light flashed straight ahead - Lindeström and Durnovo decided that it was an oncoming ship and performed an evasive maneuver. As a result, at 3.30 am the crew felt a soft push on the bottom of the battleship. The red light turned out to be not a ship, but just the lighthouse the captain was looking for.
A huge ship ran aground off the southeastern coast of Gogland. There was no panic - firstly, Lindeström's team was disciplined, and secondly, it was not so easy to break through powerful side plates, and the blow was not strong. And, after all, Gogland is not in the center of the Pacific Ocean, but in the Baltic Sea, where dozens of ships pass every day.
An attempt to get out on our own only worsened the situation: the ship, without budging, began to fall onto the left side, and water poured into the hold. The ship's pumps could not cope with the load, and the crew was tired. At 15 o'clock Lindeström realized that the situation was much more serious than he had expected, and it was impossible to save the ship. All that remained was to save the crew: the full crew was transported to the shore, where the sailors were already met by local residents who had gathered to watch the accident.
However, the “Admiral General Apraksin” did not completely drown - it was simply too large to sink to the bottom in such a shallow place - and rose quite noticeably above the surface of the water.

Captain Lindeström proposed freezing the water around the ship with carbon dioxide, cutting a trench to the bow and freeing it, and then cutting a dock in the ice floe, where repairs could be made immediately.

RESCUE OPERATION PROJECTS
In the evening of the same day, the ship was discovered from the cruiser Admiral Nakhimov, which conveyed the news of what had happened to St. Petersburg.
The next day, the battleships Poltava and Sevastopol arrived at the scene of the accident, bringing divers, engineers and the materials necessary to seal the holes. Another day later, the icebreaker "Ermak" arrived - the weather was deteriorating every day, the sea was freezing.
Engineers determined that the battleship had punctured the bottom in several places; the largest hole was 27 square meters in size; more than 700 tons of water penetrated through this gap, flooding the entire bow compartment.

News of the accident immediately filled the front pages of all the capital's newspapers, and letters from readers with rescue projects poured into the Admiralty. Among the trivial proposals to “pull” the battleship off the ground, having previously equipped it with powerful pumps that would immediately pump out the water and keep the ship afloat, there were also very extraordinary ones.
For example, lift a ship above a stone using a lever welded from rails.

FOR THE FIRST TIME ON RADIO
The headquarters rejected all these ideas, deciding that it was best to destroy the rock with underwater explosions. However, the situation was aggravated by the fact that the nearest telegraph was only in the city of Kotka (Finland), and the rescuers had no operational communication with the headquarters.

It was then that we remembered one enthusiast from the Russian Physicochemical Society - now every schoolchild knows his name - this is Alexander Stepanovich Popov.
Back in the spring of 1897, he established radio communication between the transport "Europe" and the cruiser "Africa", but the radiotelegraph he developed did not interest the naval authorities. Now the attitude of the Admiralty had changed radically, and Popov happily agreed to help in the operation.
It was decided to build stations on Gogland itself, a kilometer from the battleship, and on the island of Kutsalo, not far from Kotka. No one could give guarantees of success - until now, radio transmissions had been carried out at a distance not exceeding 30 km, but here, in bad weather conditions, it was necessary to transmit a signal over as much as 47 km! But neither at headquarters nor in the rescue camp itself had any desire to retreat.

Experienced officers A.I. were given to help Popov. Zalevsky and A.A. Remmert. In the most difficult conditions, on the same steamer "Ermak" the necessary equipment was delivered to the deployment sites.

Icebreaker "Ermak" rescues the battleship "Admiral General Apraksin" from ice captivity, 1899, Gulf of Finland

They wanted to address the first radiogram to the imperial family, but a tragic incident prevented this.
On January 24 at 9 a.m., rescuers received a telegram from the Chief of the Main Naval Staff, Vice Admiral F.K. Avelana: “9 hours. Gogland. From St. Petersburg to the commander of the icebreaker "Ermak". Near Lavensari, an ice floe with fifty fishermen broke off. Provide immediate assistance in rescuing these people. One hundred and eighty-six, Avelan.” "Ermak" went on a search, which was crowned with success the very next day. So, thanks to radio, 27 people were saved from certain death.

RESCUE OF THE BATTLESHIP
Because of the winter, rescue work was suspended, but then they had to make up for it by leaps and bounds; the spring ice drift threatened to simply crush the unlucky battleship. Already at the very beginning of the spring of 1900, the head of rescue operations, Rear Admiral Z.P. Rozhdestvensky asked the headquarters on the radio to order powerful electric drills to fight the rock. The huge 8-ton granite monolith was split in less than a month. People worked day and night, and on April 24, 1900, they began the final stage of the operation - pulling the battleship with tugs, which was not at all difficult - the rescuers, seasoned by difficulties, coped with it on the same day.
The operation to rescue the Admiral General Apraksin was an impressive victory for Russian sailors and engineers. A.S. Popov received the highest gratitude and a huge amount of 33 thousand rubles in remuneration. The special commission completely acquitted Captain Lindeström and navigator Durnovo, without finding any corpus delicti in their actions.
Many participants in the operation later glorified their names with exploits in the name of the Motherland.

Unfortunately, its “main participant”, the armadillo himself, is not one of them. After repairs, he carried out quiet service in the Baltic in the Training Artillery Detachment, where he did not show himself in the best way: his new commander, Captain 1st Rank N.G. Lishin complained that the battleship's hull was "loose" in an accident in 1899 and was leaking water.
In 1904, the ship went to reinforce the Pacific squadron in the Russo-Japanese War, but even there it failed to distinguish itself - during the Battle of Tsushima, the same Lishin surrendered the battleship without a fight. And then for another 10 years under the name "Okinoshima" she was a Japanese training ship.

But few people remember or do not want to remember this. After all, it was with the battleship “Admiral General Apraksin” that one of the most complex and brilliant rescue operations of the Russian Empire was associated.

Admiral General Apraksin (Okinoshima [沖ノ島]) is a coastal defense battleship of the Imperial Russian and Japanese Imperial Fleets. In the Russian fleet it was named after F. M. Apraksin.

In the Japanese fleet it was named after the city of Okinoshima. Laid down at the New Admiralty in St. Petersburg on May 20, 1895 as part of the enhanced shipbuilding program adopted in 1890. It was built according to the design of the battleship Admiral Ushakov, becoming the third ship of this type.

In February 1895, it became clear that Admiral General Apraksin was severely overloaded: the draft exceeded the design by 0.3 meters. As a measure to reduce overload, shipbuilder D.V. Svortsov proposed abandoning the turret installation and reducing the thickness of the entire side armor. His proposal was rejected and the Marine Technical Committee decided to reduce the number of main caliber guns to three.

By the beginning of 1896, the Apraksin’s hull readiness had been brought to 54.5%. The ship was launched on April 30, 1896, and the first test drive took place in the fall of 1897. During testing of the new battleship, poor quality of hull work was noted.

Pre-war service

On August 14, 1899, Admiral General Apraksin set sail to sail to Copenhagen. At this time, Nicholas II visited the capital of Denmark. On September 14, the battleship left foreign waters and arrived in Kronstadt two days later. On September 21, he ended the campaign without disarming, in order to head to Libau after completion of the outfitting work.

On November 12, 1899, “Admiral General Apraksin” left Kronstadt for the winter in Libau and at 3 o’clock in the morning, during a strong snowstorm, jumped onto the rocks at the southern tip of the island of Gogland. An attempt to refloat on our own failed, and an hour later water appeared in the bow stoker, which was quickly rising. In December, the ship that suffered an accident was captured in ice, and only the icebreaker Ermak maintained communication with it.
At the end of January 1900, Rear Admiral Z.P. Rozhestvensky was appointed head of the rescue work on Gogland, who brought mining specialists to participate in the rescue of the ship. Only after the successful completion of the demolition work did Ermak manage to remove the battleship from the rocks on April 11, 1900.
Repair of damage to the battleship using funds from the Kronstadt port, completed in 1901, cost the treasury more than 175 thousand rubles, not counting the cost of rescue work.

“Admiral General Apraksin” spent the campaigns of 1902-1904 in the Training Artillery Detachment, taking part in exercises and maneuvers. In November 1904, Admiral General Apraksin, together with Admiral Ushakov and Admiral Senyavin, was assigned to a separate detachment of ships of the future Third Pacific Squadron for immediate passage to the Far East - to strengthen the Second Pacific Squadron.

Campaign of 1904 and transition to the Far East

The battleship began a new campaign on December 22, 1904. During preparations for the cruise, a wireless telegraphy station of the Slyabi-Arco system, two Barr and Strood rangefinders (on the fore-mars and on the stern bridge), Perepelkin optical sights for 254-mm and 120-mm guns, two of the latter were replaced with new ones due to the large “execution”. The ship's officer corps was partially renewed, but the ship's commander, N. G. Lishin, remained at his post.

On February 2, 1905, “Admiral General Apraksin”, as part of a separate detachment of Rear Admiral N.I. Nebogatov, left Libau for the Far East. Together with the detachment, the battleship made a long journey to the Tsushima Strait, where, as part of the Second Pacific Squadron, it took part in the Battle of Tsushima.

Battle of Tsushima

By 6 o'clock in the morning on May 14, the Russian squadron, maintaining the night march formation, increased its speed from 6 to 9 knots. The left column of ships was led by “Emperor Nicholas I” under the flag of Admiral N.I. Nebogatov, followed by “Admiral General Apraksin”, “Admiral Senyavin” and “Admiral Ushakov”. The bow turret of the Apraksin was commanded by Lieutenant P. O. Shishko, the stern one by Lieutenant S. L. Trukhachev.

In the first phase of the battle, “Admiral General Apraksin” tried to shoot at “Mikasa” from a distance of 56 cables, but soon its senior artilleryman, Lieutenant G.N. Taube, with the permission of the commander, transferred fire to “Nissin”.
At 16 o'clock the battleship began to receive hits: a 203-mm shell from the cruisers of Vice Admiral H. Kamimura's squadron hit the aft turret at the embrasure of a 254-mm gun, the explosion of the shell lifted the roof and made it difficult for the turret to rotate, although it did not penetrate the armor. Shell fragments killed one and wounded several gunners, and the tower commander, Lieutenant S.L. Trukhachev, was shell-shocked, but remained at his post. A 120-mm shell hit the wardroom.
Another shell of unknown caliber demolished the gaff, and fragments of others disabled the wireless telegraph antenna network. In total, 2 people were killed and 10 wounded on Apraksin.
During the night, the battleship repelled the attacks of Japanese destroyers and managed to keep up with the main forces of N.I. Nebogatov’s detachment. In total, on May 14 and on the night of May 15, the battleship fired up to 153 254 mm shells and up to 460 120 mm shells.

The officers and crew of the battleship, according to historians and eyewitnesses, were ready to fight to the last and die. One of the gunners of the battleship, without waiting for orders, fired a sighting shot from the gun, but the fire was stopped due to the fact that the surrender signal went up on the Emperor Nicholas I.
All ships of the detachment followed the admiral's signal (except for the cruiser "Emerald", which managed to escape from the enemy) and soon the Japanese prize teams were landed on them. Shortly before this, on the orders of Lieutenant Taube, the gunners threw the locks of small guns and sights overboard. "Apraksin" with the prize crew was sent to the Japanese port.

As part of the Japanese fleet

Quickly commissioned and renamed Okinoshima, the ship took part in the capture of Sakhalin by Japanese troops. After the war, the battleship was assigned to Sasebo as a training ship.
At the beginning of the First World War, she was used to take part in the capture of Qingdao (as part of the second division of coastal defense battleships of the second squadron), and then until 1915 she performed patrol functions, and was later partially disarmed and used as a floating barracks for cadets. “Okinoshima” was deleted from the lists in 1926 (according to other sources, in 1922). Then it was a block and in 1939 dismantled for metal.

Kolchak Alexander Vasilievich

A person who combines the body of knowledge of a natural scientist, a scientist and a great strategist.

Grand Duke of Russia Mikhail Nikolaevich

Feldzeichmeister-General (commander-in-chief of the artillery of the Russian Army), youngest son of Emperor Nicholas I, Viceroy in the Caucasus since 1864. Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Army in the Caucasus in the Russian-Turkish War of 1877-1878. Under his command the fortresses of Kars, Ardahan, and Bayazet were taken.

Yulaev Salavat

Commander of the Pugachev era (1773-1775). Together with Pugachev, he organized an uprising and tried to change the position of peasants in society. He won several victories over the troops of Catherine II.

Suvorov, Count Rymniksky, Prince of Italy Alexander Vasilievich

The greatest commander, master strategist, tactician and military theorist. Author of the book "The Science of Victory", Generalissimo of the Russian Army. The only one in the history of Russia who did not suffer a single defeat.

Antonov Alexey Innokentievich

He became famous as a talented staff officer. He participated in the development of almost all significant operations of the Soviet troops in the Great Patriotic War since December 1942.
The only one of all Soviet military leaders awarded the Order of Victory with the rank of army general, and the only Soviet holder of the order who was not awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Petrov Ivan Efimovich

Defense of Odessa, Defense of Sevastopol, Liberation of Slovakia

Paskevich Ivan Fedorovich

Hero of Borodin, Leipzig, Paris (division commander)
As commander-in-chief, he won 4 companies (Russian-Persian 1826-1828, Russian-Turkish 1828-1829, Polish 1830-1831, Hungarian 1849).
Knight of the Order of St. George, 1st degree - for the capture of Warsaw (the order, according to the statute, was awarded either for the salvation of the fatherland, or for the capture of the enemy capital).
Field Marshal.

Shein Mikhail Borisovich

Voivode Shein is a hero and leader of the unparalleled defense of Smolensk in 1609-16011. This fortress decided a lot in the fate of Russia!

Rurikovich Svyatoslav Igorevich

Great commander of the Old Russian period. The first Kiev prince known to us with a Slavic name. The last pagan ruler of the Old Russian state. He glorified Rus' as a great military power in the campaigns of 965-971. Karamzin called him “Alexander (Macedonian) of our ancient history.” The prince freed the Slavic tribes from vassal dependence on the Khazars, defeating the Khazar Khaganate in 965. According to the Tale of Bygone Years, in 970, during the Russian-Byzantine War, Svyatoslav managed to win the battle of Arcadiopolis, having 10,000 soldiers under his command, against 100,000 Greeks. But at the same time, Svyatoslav led the life of a simple warrior: “On campaigns he did not carry carts or cauldrons with him, did not cook meat, but, thinly slicing horse meat, or animal meat, or beef and roasting it on coals, he ate it like that; he did not have a tent , but he slept, spreading a sweatshirt with a saddle in his head - the same were all the rest of his warriors. And he sent envoys to other lands [usually before declaring war] with the words: “I’m coming to you!” (According to PVL)

Ushakov Fedor Fedorovich

A man whose faith, courage, and patriotism defended our state

Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich

People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR, Generalissimo of the Soviet Union, Supreme Commander-in-Chief. The brilliant military leadership of the USSR in the Second World War.

Gavrilov Pyotr Mikhailovich

From the first days of the Great Patriotic War - in the active army. Major Gavrilov P.M. from June 22 to July 23, 1941 he led the defense of the Eastern Fort of the Brest Fortress. He managed to rally around himself all the surviving soldiers and commanders of various units and divisions, closing the most vulnerable places for the enemy to break through. On July 23, he was seriously wounded by a shell explosion in the casemate and was captured in an unconscious state. He spent the war years in the Nazi concentration camps of Hammelburg and Revensburg, experiencing all the horrors of captivity. Liberated by Soviet troops in May 1945. http://warheroes.ru/hero/hero.asp?Hero_id=484

Suvorov Alexander Vasilievich

The great Russian commander, who did not suffer a single defeat in his military career (more than 60 battles), one of the founders of Russian military art.
Prince of Italy (1799), Count of Rymnik (1789), Count of the Holy Roman Empire, Generalissimo of the Russian land and naval forces, Field Marshal of the Austrian and Sardinian troops, Grandee of the Kingdom of Sardinia and Prince of the Royal Blood (with the title "King's cousin"), Knight of all Russian orders of their time, awarded to men, as well as many foreign military orders.

Barclay de Tolly Mikhail Bogdanovich

Finnish War.
Strategic retreat in the first half of 1812
European expedition of 1812

Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich

Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the USSR during the Great Patriotic War. Under his leadership, the Red Army crushed fascism.

Prophetic Oleg

Your shield is on the gates of Constantinople.
A.S. Pushkin.

Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich

He was the Supreme Commander-in-Chief during the Great Patriotic War, in which our country won, and made all strategic decisions.

Rumyantsev Pyotr Alexandrovich

Russian military leader and statesman, who ruled Little Russia throughout the reign of Catherine II (1761-96). During the Seven Years' War he commanded the capture of Kolberg. For victories over the Turks at Larga, Kagul and others, which led to the conclusion of the Kuchuk-Kainardzhi Peace, he was awarded the title “Transdanubian”. In 1770 he received the rank of Field Marshal. Knight of the Russian orders of St. Andrew the Apostle, St. Alexander Nevsky, St. George 1st class and St. Vladimir 1st class, Prussian Black Eagle and St. Anna 1st class

Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich

He was the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the USSR during the Great Patriotic War! Under his leadership, the USSR won the Great Victory during the Great Patriotic War!

Margelov Vasily Filippovich

Rurikovich Yaroslav the Wise Vladimirovich

He dedicated his life to protecting the Fatherland. Defeated the Pechenegs. He established the Russian state as one of the greatest states of his time.

Gurko Joseph Vladimirovich

Field Marshal General (1828-1901) Hero of Shipka and Plevna, Liberator of Bulgaria (a street in Sofia is named after him, a monument was erected). In 1877 he commanded the 2nd Guards Cavalry Division. To quickly capture some passes through the Balkans, Gurko led an advance detachment consisting of four cavalry regiments, a rifle brigade and the newly formed Bulgarian militia, with two batteries of horse artillery. Gurko completed his task quickly and boldly, won a series of victories over the Turks, ending with the capture of Kazanlak and Shipka. During the struggle for Plevna, Gurko, at the head of the troops of the guard and cavalry of the western detachment, defeated the Turks near Gorny Dubnyak and Telish, then again went to the Balkans, occupied Entropol and Orhanye, and after the fall of Plevna, reinforced by the IX Corps and the 3rd Guards Infantry Division , despite the terrible cold, crossed the Balkan ridge, took Philippopolis and occupied Adrianople, opening the way to Constantinople. At the end of the war, he commanded military districts, was governor-general, and a member of the state council. Buried in Tver (Sakharovo village)

Margelov Vasily Filippovich

Author and initiator of the creation of technical means of the Airborne Forces and methods of using units and formations of the Airborne Forces, many of which personify the image of the Airborne Forces of the USSR Armed Forces and the Russian Armed Forces that currently exists.

General Pavel Fedoseevich Pavlenko:
In the history of the Airborne Forces, and in the Armed Forces of Russia and other countries of the former Soviet Union, his name will remain forever. He personified an entire era in the development and formation of the Airborne Forces; their authority and popularity are associated with his name not only in our country, but also abroad...

Colonel Nikolai Fedorovich Ivanov:
Under Margelov’s leadership for more than twenty years, the airborne troops became one of the most mobile in the combat structure of the Armed Forces, prestigious for service in them, especially revered by the people... A photograph of Vasily Filippovich in demobilization albums was sold to soldiers at the highest price - for a set of badges. The competition for the Ryazan Airborne School exceeded the numbers of VGIK and GITIS, and applicants who missed out on exams lived in the forests near Ryazan for two or three months, until the snow and frosts, in the hope that someone would not withstand the load and it would be possible to take his place .

Kolovrat Evpatiy Lvovich

Ryazan boyar and governor. During Batu's invasion of Ryazan he was in Chernigov. Having learned about the Mongol invasion, he hastily moved to the city. Finding Ryazan completely incinerated, Evpatiy Kolovrat with a detachment of 1,700 people began to catch up with Batya’s army. Having overtaken them, the rearguard destroyed them. He also killed the strong warriors of the Batyevs. Died on January 11, 1238.

Suvorov Alexander Vasilievich

A commander who has not lost a single battle in his career. He took the impregnable fortress of Ishmael the first time.

Alekseev Mikhail Vasilievich

Outstanding employee of the Russian Academy of the General Staff. Developer and implementer of the Galician operation - the first brilliant victory of the Russian army in the Great War.
Saved the troops of the North-Western Front from encirclement during the “Great Retreat” of 1915.
Chief of Staff of the Russian Armed Forces in 1916-1917.
Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Army in 1917
Developed and implemented strategic plans for offensive operations in 1916 - 1917.
He continued to defend the need to preserve the Eastern Front after 1917 (the Volunteer Army is the basis of the new Eastern Front in the ongoing Great War).
Slandered and slandered in relation to various so-called. “Masonic military lodges”, “conspiracy of generals against the Sovereign”, etc., etc. - in terms of emigrant and modern historical journalism.

Stalin (Dzhugashvili) Joseph Vissarionovich

Comrade Stalin, in addition to the atomic and missile projects, together with Army General Alexei Innokentievich Antonov, participated in the development and implementation of almost all significant operations of the Soviet troops in the Second World War, brilliantly organized the work of the rear, even in the first difficult years of the war.

Uborevich Ieronim Petrovich

Soviet military leader, commander of the 1st rank (1935). Member of the Communist Party since March 1917. Born in the village of Aptandrius (now Utena region of the Lithuanian SSR) in the family of a Lithuanian peasant. Graduated from the Konstantinovsky Artillery School (1916). Participant of the 1st World War 1914-18, second lieutenant. After the October Revolution of 1917, he was one of the organizers of the Red Guard in Bessarabia. In January - February 1918 he commanded a revolutionary detachment in battles against Romanian and Austro-German interventionists, was wounded and captured, from where he escaped in August 1918. He was an artillery instructor, commander of the Dvina brigade on the Northern Front, and from December 1918 head of the 18th Infantry divisions of the 6th Army. From October 1919 to February 1920, he was the commander of the 14th Army during the defeat of General Denikin's troops, and in March - April 1920 he commanded the 9th Army in the North Caucasus. In May - July and November - December 1920, commander of the 14th Army in battles against the troops of bourgeois Poland and the Petliurists, in July - November 1920 - 13th Army in battles against the Wrangelites. In 1921, assistant commander of the troops of Ukraine and Crimea, deputy commander of the troops of the Tambov province, commander of the troops of the Minsk province, led the military operations during the defeat of the gangs of Makhno, Antonov and Bulak-Balakhovich. From August 1921 commander of the 5th Army and the East Siberian Military District. In August - December 1922, Minister of War of the Far Eastern Republic and Commander-in-Chief of the People's Revolutionary Army during the liberation of the Far East. He was commander of the troops of the North Caucasus (from 1925), Moscow (from 1928) and Belarusian (from 1931) military districts. Since 1926, a member of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR, in 1930-31, deputy chairman of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR and chief of armaments of the Red Army. Since 1934 member of the Military Council of NGOs. He made a great contribution to strengthening the defense capability of the USSR, educating and training command staff and troops. Candidate member of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) in 1930-37. Member of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee since December 1922. Awarded 3 Orders of the Red Banner and Honorary Revolutionary Weapon.

Saltykov Pyotr Semyonovich

The most significant successes of the Russian army in the Seven Years' War of 1756-1763 are associated with his name. Winner in the battles of Palzig,
In the Battle of Kunersdorf, defeating the Prussian king Frederick II the Great, Berlin was taken by the troops of Totleben and Chernyshev.

Svyatoslav Igorevich

I would like to propose the “candidacies” of Svyatoslav and his father, Igor, as the greatest commanders and political leaders of their time, I think that there is no point in listing to historians their services to the fatherland, I was unpleasantly surprised not to see their names on this list. Sincerely.

Ridiger Fedor Vasilievich

Adjutant General, Cavalry General, Adjutant General... He had three Golden sabers with the inscription: “For bravery”... In 1849, Ridiger took part in a campaign in Hungary to suppress the unrest that arose there, being appointed head of the right column. On May 9, Russian troops entered the Austrian Empire. He pursued the rebel army until August 1, forcing them to lay down their arms in front of Russian troops near Vilyagosh. On August 5, the troops entrusted to him occupied the Arad fortress. During the trip of Field Marshal Ivan Fedorovich Paskevich to Warsaw, Count Ridiger commanded the troops located in Hungary and Transylvania... On February 21, 1854, during the absence of Field Marshal Prince Paskevich in the Kingdom of Poland, Count Ridiger commanded all troops located in the area of ​​​​the active army - as a commander separate corps and at the same time served as head of the Kingdom of Poland. After the return of Field Marshal Prince Paskevich to Warsaw, from August 3, 1854, he served as Warsaw military governor.

Shein Mikhail

Hero of the Smolensk Defense of 1609-11.
He led the Smolensk fortress under siege for almost 2 years, it was one of the longest siege campaigns in Russian history, which predetermined the defeat of the Poles during the Time of Troubles

Suvorov Mikhail Vasilievich

The only one who can be called GENERALLISIMO... Bagration, Kutuzov are his students...

Participated in the Russian-Turkish War of 1787-91 and the Russian-Swedish War of 1788-90. He distinguished himself during the war with France in 1806-07 at Preussisch-Eylau, and from 1807 he commanded a division. During the Russian-Swedish war of 1808-09 he commanded a corps; led the successful crossing of the Kvarken Strait in the winter of 1809. In 1809-10, Governor-General of Finland. From January 1810 to September 1812, the Minister of War did a lot of work to strengthen the Russian army, and separated the intelligence and counterintelligence service into a separate production. In the Patriotic War of 1812 he commanded the 1st Western Army, and, as Minister of War, the 2nd Western Army was subordinate to him. In conditions of significant superiority of the enemy, he showed his talent as a commander and successfully carried out the withdrawal and unification of the two armies, which earned M.I. Kutuzov such words as THANK YOU DEAR FATHER!!! SAVED THE ARMY!!! SAVED RUSSIA!!!. However, the retreat caused discontent in noble circles and the army, and on August 17 Barclay surrendered command of the armies to M.I. Kutuzov. In the Battle of Borodino he commanded the right wing of the Russian army, showing steadfastness and skill in defense. He recognized the position chosen by L. L. Bennigsen near Moscow as unsuccessful and supported M. I. Kutuzov’s proposal to leave Moscow at the military council in Fili. In September 1812, due to illness, he left the army. In February 1813 he was appointed commander of the 3rd and then the Russian-Prussian army, which he successfully commanded during the foreign campaigns of the Russian army of 1813-14 (Kulm, Leipzig, Paris). Buried in the Beklor estate in Livonia (now Jõgeveste Estonia)

Kovpak Sidor Artemyevich

Participant of the First World War (served in the 186th Aslanduz Infantry Regiment) and the Civil War. During the First World War, he fought on the Southwestern Front and took part in the Brusilov breakthrough. In April 1915, as part of the guard of honor, he was personally awarded the Cross of St. George by Nicholas II. In total, he was awarded the St. George Crosses of III and IV degrees and medals “For Bravery” (“St. George” medals) of III and IV degrees.

During the Civil War, he led a local partisan detachment that fought in Ukraine against the German occupiers together with the detachments of A. Ya. Parkhomenko, then he was a fighter in the 25th Chapaev Division on the Eastern Front, where he was engaged in the disarmament of the Cossacks, and participated in battles with the armies of generals A. I. . Denikin and Wrangel on the Southern Front.

In 1941-1942, Kovpak's unit carried out raids behind enemy lines in the Sumy, Kursk, Oryol and Bryansk regions, in 1942-1943 - a raid from the Bryansk forests to Right Bank Ukraine in the Gomel, Pinsk, Volyn, Rivne, Zhitomir and Kyiv regions; in 1943 - Carpathian raid. The Sumy partisan unit under the command of Kovpak fought through the rear of the Nazi troops for more than 10 thousand kilometers, defeating enemy garrisons in 39 settlements. Kovpak's raids played a big role in the development of the partisan movement against the German occupiers.

Twice Hero of the Soviet Union:
By a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated May 18, 1942, for the exemplary performance of combat missions behind enemy lines, the courage and heroism shown during their implementation, Kovpak Sidor Artemyevich was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal (No. 708)
The second Gold Star medal (No.) was awarded to Major General Sidor Artemyevich Kovpak by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated January 4, 1944 for the successful conduct of the Carpathian raid
four Orders of Lenin (18.5.1942, 4.1.1944, 23.1.1948, 25.5.1967)
Order of the Red Banner (12/24/1942)
Order of Bohdan Khmelnitsky, 1st degree. (7.8.1944)
Order of Suvorov, 1st degree (2.5.1945)
medals
foreign orders and medals (Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia)

Ushakov Fedor Fedorovich

The great Russian naval commander who won victories at Fedonisi, Kaliakria, at Cape Tendra and during the liberation of the islands of Malta (Ianian Islands) and Corfu. He discovered and introduced a new tactic of naval combat, with the abandonment of the linear formation of ships and showed the tactics of a “scattered formation” with an attack on the flagship of the enemy fleet. One of the founders of the Black Sea Fleet and its commander in 1790-1792.

Rurikovich Svyatoslav Igorevich

He defeated the Khazar Khaganate, expanded the borders of Russian lands, and successfully fought with the Byzantine Empire.

Dokhturov Dmitry Sergeevich

Defense of Smolensk.
Command of the left flank on the Borodino field after Bagration was wounded.
Battle of Tarutino.

Romanov Mikhail Timofeevich

The heroic defense of Mogilev, the first all-round anti-tank defense of the city.

Gorbaty-Shuisky Alexander Borisovich

Hero of the Kazan War, first governor of Kazan

Kutuzov Mikhail Illarionovich

The greatest Commander and Diplomat!!! Who utterly defeated the troops of the “first European Union”!!!

Denikin Anton Ivanovich

The commander, under whose command the white army, with smaller forces, won victories over the red army for 1.5 years and captured the North Caucasus, Crimea, Novorossia, Donbass, Ukraine, Don, part of the Volga region and the central black earth provinces of Russia. He retained the dignity of his Russian name during the Second World War, refusing to cooperate with the Nazis, despite his irreconcilably anti-Soviet position

Bennigsen Leonty Leontievich

Surprisingly, a Russian general who did not speak Russian, became the glory of Russian weapons of the early 19th century.

He made a significant contribution to the suppression of the Polish uprising.

Commander-in-Chief in the Battle of Tarutino.

He made a significant contribution to the campaign of 1813 (Dresden and Leipzig).

Nevsky Alexander Yaroslavich

He defeated the Swedish detachment on July 15, 1240 on the Neva and the Teutonic Order, the Danes in the Battle of the Ice on April 5, 1242. All his life he “won, but was invincible.” He played an exceptional role in Russian history during that dramatic period when Rus' was attacked by three sides - the Catholic West, Lithuania and the Golden Horde. Defended Orthodoxy from Catholic expansion. Revered as a pious saint. http://www.pravoslavie.ru/put/39091.htm

Ivan III Vasilievich

He united the Russian lands around Moscow and threw off the hated Tatar-Mongol yoke.

Katukov Mikhail Efimovich

Perhaps the only bright spot against the background of Soviet armored force commanders. A tank driver who went through the entire war, starting from the border. A commander whose tanks always showed their superiority to the enemy. His tank brigades were the only ones(!) in the first period of the war that were not defeated by the Germans and even caused them significant damage.
His First Guards Tank Army remained combat-ready, although it defended itself from the very first days of the fighting on the southern front of the Kursk Bulge, while exactly the same 5th Guards Tank Army of Rotmistrov was practically destroyed on the very first day it entered the battle (June 12)
This is one of the few of our commanders who took care of his troops and fought not with numbers, but with skill.

Barclay de Tolly Mikhail Bogdanovich

It's simple - It was he, as a commander, who made the greatest contribution to the defeat of Napoleon. He saved the army under the most difficult conditions, despite misunderstandings and grave accusations of treason. It was to him that our great poet Pushkin, practically a contemporary of those events, dedicated the poem “Commander”.
Pushkin, recognizing Kutuzov's merits, did not oppose him to Barclay. In place of the common alternative “Barclay or Kutuzov,” with the traditional resolution in favor of Kutuzov, Pushkin came to a new position: both Barclay and Kutuzov are both worthy of the grateful memory of posterity, but Kutuzov is revered by everyone, but Mikhail Bogdanovich Barclay de Tolly is undeservedly forgotten.
Pushkin mentioned Barclay de Tolly even earlier, in one of the chapters of “Eugene Onegin” -

Thunderstorm of the twelfth year
It has arrived - who helped us here?
The frenzy of the people
Barclay, winter or Russian god?...

In the conditions of the disintegration of the Russian state during the Time of Troubles, with minimal material and personnel resources, he created an army that defeated the Polish-Lithuanian interventionists and liberated most of the Russian state.

Suvorov Alexander Vasilievich

according to the only criterion - invincibility.

Denikin Anton Ivanovich

Russian military leader, political and public figure, writer, memoirist, publicist and military documentarian.
Participant in the Russo-Japanese War. One of the most effective generals of the Russian Imperial Army during the First World War. Commander of the 4th Infantry "Iron" Brigade (1914-1916, since 1915 - deployed under his command to a division), 8th Army Corps (1916-1917). Lieutenant General of the General Staff (1916), commander of the Western and Southwestern Fronts (1917). An active participant in the military congresses of 1917, an opponent of the democratization of the army. He expressed support for the Kornilov speech, for which he was arrested by the Provisional Government, a participant in the Berdichev and Bykhov sittings of generals (1917).
One of the main leaders of the White movement during the Civil War, its leader in the South of Russia (1918-1920). He achieved the greatest military and political results among all the leaders of the White movement. Pioneer, one of the main organizers, and then commander of the Volunteer Army (1918-1919). Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the South of Russia (1919-1920), Deputy Supreme Ruler and Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Army Admiral Kolchak (1919-1920).
Since April 1920 - an emigrant, one of the main political figures of the Russian emigration. Author of the memoirs “Essays on the Russian Time of Troubles” (1921-1926) - a fundamental historical and biographical work about the Civil War in Russia, the memoirs “The Old Army” (1929-1931), the autobiographical story “The Path of the Russian Officer” (published in 1953) and a number of other works.

Saltykov Pyotr Semyonovich

The commander-in-chief of the Russian army in the Seven Years' War, was the main architect of the key victories of the Russian troops.

Kotlyarevsky Petr Stepanovich

General Kotlyarevsky, son of a priest in the village of Olkhovatki, Kharkov province. He worked his way up from a private to a general in the tsarist army. He can be called the great-grandfather of Russian special forces. He carried out truly unique operations... His name is worthy of being included in the list of the greatest commanders of Russia

Skopin-Shuisky Mikhail Vasilievich

During his short military career, he knew practically no failures, both in battles with the troops of I. Boltnikov, and with the Polish-Liovian and “Tushino” troops. The ability to build a combat-ready army practically from scratch, train, use Swedish mercenaries in place and at the time, select successful Russian command cadres for the liberation and defense of the vast territory of the Russian northwestern region and the liberation of central Russia, persistent and systematic offensive, skillful tactics in fight against the magnificent Polish-Lithuanian cavalry, undoubted personal courage - these are the qualities that, despite the little-known nature of his deeds, give him the right to be called the Great Commander of Russia.

Budyonny Semyon Mikhailovich

Commander of the First Cavalry Army of the Red Army during the Civil War. The First Cavalry Army, which he led until October 1923, played an important role in a number of major operations of the Civil War to defeat the troops of Denikin and Wrangel in Northern Tavria and Crimea.

Chichagov Vasily Yakovlevich

Superbly commanded the Baltic Fleet in the campaigns of 1789 and 1790. He won victories in the battle of Öland (7/15/1789), in the Revel (5/2/1790) and Vyborg (06/22/1790) battles. After the last two defeats, which were of strategic importance, the dominance of the Baltic Fleet became unconditional, and this forced the Swedes to make peace. There are few such examples in the history of Russia when victories at sea led to victory in the war. And by the way, the Battle of Vyborg was one of the largest in world history in terms of the number of ships and people.

Vatutin Nikolay Fedorovich

Operations "Uranus", "Little Saturn", "Leap", etc. and so on.
A true war worker

Paskevich Ivan Fedorovich

The armies under his command defeated Persia in the war of 1826-1828 and completely defeated Turkish troops in Transcaucasia in the war of 1828-1829.

Awarded all 4 degrees of the Order of St. George and the Order of St. Apostle Andrew the First-Called with diamonds.

Drozdovsky Mikhail Gordeevich

Dzhugashvili Joseph Vissarionovich

Assembled and coordinated the actions of a team of talented military leaders

Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich

He led the armed struggle of the Soviet people in the war against Germany and its allies and satellites, as well as in the war against Japan.
Led the Red Army to Berlin and Port Arthur.

Linevich Nikolai Petrovich

Nikolai Petrovich Linevich (December 24, 1838 - April 10, 1908) - a prominent Russian military figure, infantry general (1903), adjutant general (1905); general who took Beijing by storm.

Baklanov Yakov Petrovich

An outstanding strategist and a mighty warrior, he achieved the respect and fear of his name among the uncovered mountaineers, who had forgotten the iron grip of the “Thunderstorm of the Caucasus.” At the moment - Yakov Petrovich, an example of the spiritual strength of a Russian soldier in front of the proud Caucasus. His talent crushed the enemy and minimized the time frame of the Caucasian War, for which he received the nickname “Boklu”, akin to the devil for his fearlessness.

Field Marshal General Gudovich Ivan Vasilievich

The assault on the Turkish fortress of Anapa on June 22, 1791. In terms of complexity and importance, it is only inferior to the assault on Izmail by A.V. Suvorov.
A 7,000-strong Russian detachment stormed Anapa, which was defended by a 25,000-strong Turkish garrison. At the same time, soon after the start of the assault, the Russian detachment was attacked from the mountains by 8,000 mounted highlanders and Turks, who attacked the Russian camp, but were unable to break into it, were repulsed in a fierce battle and pursued by the Russian cavalry.
The fierce battle for the fortress lasted over 5 hours. About 8,000 people from the Anapa garrison died, 13,532 defenders led by the commandant and Sheikh Mansur were taken prisoner. A small part (about 150 people) escaped on ships. Almost all the artillery was captured or destroyed (83 cannons and 12 mortars), 130 banners were taken. Gudovich sent a separate detachment from Anapa to the nearby Sudzhuk-Kale fortress (on the site of modern Novorossiysk), but upon his approach the garrison burned the fortress and fled to the mountains, abandoning 25 guns.
The losses of the Russian detachment were very high - 23 officers and 1,215 privates were killed, 71 officers and 2,401 privates were wounded (Sytin's Military Encyclopedia gives slightly lower data - 940 killed and 1,995 wounded). Gudovich was awarded the Order of St. George, 2nd degree, all the officers of his detachment were awarded, and a special medal was established for the lower ranks.

Skopin-Shuisky Mikhail Vasilievich

I beg the military historical society to correct the extreme historical injustice and include in the list of the 100 best commanders, the leader of the northern militia who did not lose a single battle, who played an outstanding role in the liberation of Russia from the Polish yoke and unrest. And apparently poisoned for his talent and skill.

Blucher, Tukhachevsky

Blucher, Tukhachevsky and the whole galaxy of heroes of the Civil War. Don't forget Budyonny!

Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich

Personally took part in the planning and implementation of ALL offensive and defensive operations of the Red Army in the period 1941 - 1945.

Platov Matvey Ivanovich

Ataman of the Great Don Army (from 1801), cavalry general (1809), who took part in all the wars of the Russian Empire at the end of the 18th - beginning of the 19th centuries.
In 1771 he distinguished himself during the attack and capture of the Perekop line and Kinburn. From 1772 he began to command a Cossack regiment. During the 2nd Turkish War he distinguished himself during the assault on Ochakov and Izmail. Participated in the battle of Preussisch-Eylau.
During the Patriotic War of 1812, he first commanded all the Cossack regiments on the border, and then, covering the retreat of the army, won victories over the enemy near the towns of Mir and Romanovo. In the battle near the village of Semlevo, Platov’s army defeated the French and captured a colonel from the army of Marshal Murat. During the retreat of the French army, Platov, pursuing it, inflicted defeats on it at Gorodnya, Kolotsky Monastery, Gzhatsk, Tsarevo-Zaimishch, near Dukhovshchina and when crossing the Vop River. For his merits he was elevated to the rank of count. In November, Platov captured Smolensk from battle and defeated the troops of Marshal Ney near Dubrovna. At the beginning of January 1813, he entered Prussia and besieged Danzig; in September he received command of a special corps, with which he participated in the battle of Leipzig and, pursuing the enemy, captured about 15 thousand people. In 1814, he fought at the head of his regiments during the capture of Nemur, Arcy-sur-Aube, Cezanne, Villeneuve. Awarded the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called.

Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich

The largest figure in world history, whose life and government activities left a deep imprint not only on the fate of the Soviet people, but also on all humanity, will be the subject of careful study by historians for many more centuries. The historical and biographical feature of this personality is that she will never be consigned to oblivion.
During Stalin's tenure as Supreme Commander-in-Chief and Chairman of the State Defense Committee, our country was marked by victory in the Great Patriotic War, massive labor and front-line heroism, the transformation of the USSR into a superpower with significant scientific, military and industrial potential, and the strengthening of our country's geopolitical influence in the world.
Ten Stalinist strikes is the general name for a number of the largest offensive strategic operations in the Great Patriotic War, carried out in 1944 by the armed forces of the USSR. Along with other offensive operations, they made a decisive contribution to the victory of the countries of the Anti-Hitler Coalition over Nazi Germany and its allies in World War II.

Because he inspires many by personal example.

Yudenich Nikolai Nikolaevich

The best Russian commander during the First World War. An ardent patriot of his Motherland.

Govorov Leonid Alexandrovich

Svyatoslav Igorevich

Grand Duke of Novgorod, from 945 of Kyiv. Son of Grand Duke Igor Rurikovich and Princess Olga. Svyatoslav became famous as a great commander, whom N.M. Karamzin called “Alexander (Macedonian) of our ancient history.”

After the military campaigns of Svyatoslav Igorevich (965-972), the territory of the Russian land increased from the Volga region to the Caspian Sea, from the North Caucasus to the Black Sea region, from the Balkan Mountains to Byzantium. Defeated Khazaria and Volga Bulgaria, weakened and frightened the Byzantine Empire, opened routes for trade between Rus' and eastern countries

Maksimov Evgeniy Yakovlevich

Russian hero of the Transvaal War. He was a volunteer in fraternal Serbia, participating in the Russian-Turkish war. At the beginning of the 20th century, the British began to wage war against the small people - the Boers. Eugene successfully fought against the invaders and in 1900 was appointed military general. Died in Russian Japanese war. In addition to his military career, he distinguished himself in the literary field.

Ivan groznyj

He conquered the Astrakhan kingdom, to which Russia paid tribute. Defeated the Livonian Order. Expanded the borders of Russia far beyond the Urals.

Stalin (Dzhugashvilli) Joseph

Tsarevich and Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich

Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich, the second son of Emperor Paul I, received the title of Tsesarevich in 1799 for his participation in the Swiss campaign of A.V. Suvorov, and retained it until 1831. In the Battle of Austrlitz he commanded the Guards Reserve of the Russian Army, took part in the Patriotic War of 1812, and distinguished himself in the foreign campaigns of the Russian Army. For the “Battle of the Nations” at Leipzig in 1813 he received the “golden weapon” “For bravery!” Inspector General of the Russian Cavalry, since 1826 Viceroy of the Kingdom of Poland.

Peter I the Great

Emperor of All Russia (1721-1725), before that the Tsar of All Rus'. He won the Northern War (1700-1721). This victory finally opened up free access to the Baltic Sea. Under his rule, Russia (Russian Empire) became a Great Power.

Osterman-Tolstoy Alexander Ivanovich

One of the brightest "field" generals of the early 19th century. Hero of the battles of Preussisch-Eylau, Ostrovno and Kulm.

Alekseev Mikhail Vasilievich

One of the most talented Russian generals of the First World War. Hero of the Battle of Galicia in 1914, savior of the Northwestern Front from encirclement in 1915, chief of staff under Emperor Nicholas I.

General of Infantry (1914), Adjutant General (1916). Active participant in the White movement in the Civil War. One of the organizers of the Volunteer Army.

Monomakh Vladimir Vsevolodovich

Vorotynsky Mikhail Ivanovich

“Drafter of the statutes of the watchdog and border service” is, of course, good. For some reason, we have forgotten the Battle of YOUTH from July 29 to August 2, 1572. But it was precisely with this victory that Moscow’s right to many things was recognized. They recaptured a lot of things for the Ottomans, the thousands of destroyed Janissaries sobered them up, and unfortunately they also helped Europe. The Battle of YOUTH is very difficult to overestimate

Kotlyarevsky Petr Stepanovich

Hero of the Russian-Persian War of 1804-1813.
"Meteor General" and "Caucasian Suvorov".
He fought not with numbers, but with skill - first, 450 Russian soldiers attacked 1,200 Persian Sardars in the Migri fortress and took it, then 500 of our soldiers and Cossacks attacked 5,000 askers at the crossing of the Araks. They destroyed more than 700 enemies; only 2,500 Persian soldiers managed to escape from ours.
In both cases, our losses were less than 50 killed and up to 100 wounded.
Further, in the war against the Turks, with a swift attack, 1,000 Russian soldiers defeated the 2,000-strong garrison of the Akhalkalaki fortress.
Then again in the Persian direction he cleared Karabakh of the enemy, and then, with 2,200 soldiers, he defeated Abbas Mirza with a 30,000-strong army at Aslanduz, a village near the Araks River. In two battles, he destroyed more than 10,000 enemies, including English advisers and artillerymen.
As usual, Russian losses amounted to 30 killed and 100 wounded.
Kotlyarevsky won most of his victories in night assaults on fortresses and enemy camps, not allowing the enemies to come to their senses.
The last campaign - 2000 Russians against 7000 Persians to the Lenkoran fortress, where Kotlyarevsky almost died during the assault, lost consciousness at times from loss of blood and pain from wounds, but still commanded the troops until the final victory, as soon as he regained consciousness, and then was forced take a long time to heal and retire from military affairs.
His exploits for the glory of Russia are much greater than the “300 Spartans” - for our commanders and warriors more than once defeated an enemy 10 times superior, and suffered minimal losses, saving Russian lives.

Loris-Melikov Mikhail Tarielovich

Known mainly as one of the minor characters in the story “Hadji Murad” by L.N. Tolstoy, Mikhail Tarielovich Loris-Melikov went through all the Caucasian and Turkish campaigns of the second half of the mid-19th century.

Having shown himself excellently during the Caucasian War, during the Kars campaign of the Crimean War, Loris-Melikov led reconnaissance, and then successfully served as commander-in-chief during the difficult Russian-Turkish war of 1877-1878, winning a number of important victories over the united Turkish forces and in the third once he captured Kars, which by that time was considered impregnable.

Ermak Timofeevich

Russian. Cossack. Ataman. Defeated Kuchum and his satellites. Approved Siberia as part of the Russian state. He dedicated his entire life to military work.

Vasilevsky Alexander Mikhailovich

Alexander Mikhailovich Vasilevsky (September 18 (30), 1895 - December 5, 1977) - Soviet military leader, Marshal of the Soviet Union (1943), Chief of the General Staff, member of the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command. During the Great Patriotic War, as Chief of the General Staff (1942-1945), he took an active part in the development and implementation of almost all major operations on the Soviet-German front. From February 1945, he commanded the 3rd Belorussian Front and led the assault on Königsberg. In 1945, commander-in-chief of Soviet troops in the Far East in the war with Japan. One of the greatest commanders of the Second World War.
In 1949-1953 - Minister of the Armed Forces and Minister of War of the USSR. Twice Hero of the Soviet Union (1944, 1945), holder of two Orders of Victory (1944, 1945).

Dragomirov Mikhail Ivanovich

Brilliant crossing of the Danube in 1877
- Creation of a tactics textbook
- Creation of an original concept of military education
- Leadership of the NASH in 1878-1889
- Enormous influence in military matters for a full 25 years

Voronov Nikolay Nikolaevich

N.N. Voronov is the commander of artillery of the USSR Armed Forces. For outstanding services to the Motherland, N.N. Voronov. the first in the Soviet Union to be awarded the military ranks of “Marshal of Artillery” (1943) and “Chief Marshal of Artillery” (1944).
...carried out general management of the liquidation of the Nazi group surrounded at Stalingrad.

Prince Monomakh Vladimir Vsevolodovich

The most remarkable of the Russian princes of the pre-Tatar period of our history, who left behind great fame and good memory.

Kazarsky Alexander Ivanovich

Captain-lieutenant. Participant in the Russian-Turkish war of 1828-29. He distinguished himself during the capture of Anapa, then Varna, commanding the transport "Rival". After this, he was promoted to lieutenant commander and appointed captain of the brig Mercury. On May 14, 1829, the 18-gun brig Mercury was overtaken by two Turkish battleships Selimiye and Real Bey. Having accepted an unequal battle, the brig was able to immobilize both Turkish flagships, one of which contained the commander of the Ottoman fleet. Subsequently, an officer from the Real Bay wrote: “During the continuation of the battle, the commander of the Russian frigate (the notorious Raphael, which surrendered without a fight a few days earlier) told me that the captain of this brig would not surrender, and if he lost hope, then he would blow up the brig If in the great deeds of ancient and modern times there are feats of courage, then this act should overshadow all of them, and the name of this hero is worthy of being inscribed in gold letters on the Temple of Glory: he is called captain-lieutenant Kazarsky, and the brig is “Mercury”

Vladimir Svyatoslavich

981 - conquest of Cherven and Przemysl. 983 - conquest of the Yatvags. 984 - conquest of the Rodimichs. 985 - successful campaigns against the Bulgars, tribute to the Khazar Khaganate. 988 - conquest of the Taman Peninsula. 991 - subjugation of the White Croats. 992 - successfully defended Cherven Rus in the war against Poland. In addition, the holy Equal-to-the-Apostles.

Karyagin Pavel Mikhailovich

Colonel, chief of the 17th Jaeger Regiment. He showed himself most clearly in the Persian Company of 1805; when, with a detachment of 500 people, surrounded by a 20,000-strong Persian army, he resisted it for three weeks, not only repelling the attacks of the Persians with honor, but taking fortresses himself, and finally, with a detachment of 100 people, he made his way to Tsitsianov, who was coming to his aid.

Nevsky, Suvorov

Of course, the holy blessed prince Alexander Nevsky and Generalissimo A.V. Suvorov

Rokossovsky Konstantin Konstantinovich

Prince Svyatoslav

Kappel Vladimir Oskarovich

Without exaggeration, he is the best commander of Admiral Kolchak’s army. Under his command, Russia's gold reserves were captured in Kazan in 1918. At 36 years old, he was a lieutenant general, commander of the Eastern Front. The Siberian Ice Campaign is associated with this name. In January 1920, he led 30,000 Kappelites to Irkutsk to capture Irkutsk and free the Supreme Ruler of Russia, Admiral Kolchak, from captivity. The general's death from pneumonia largely determined the tragic outcome of this campaign and the death of the Admiral...

Zhukov Georgy Konstantinovich

Successfully commanded Soviet troops during the Great Patriotic War. Among other things, he stopped the Germans near Moscow and took Berlin.

Pozharsky Dmitry Mikhailovich

In 1612, during the most difficult time for Russia, he led the Russian militia and liberated the capital from the hands of the conquerors.
Prince Dmitry Mikhailovich Pozharsky (November 1, 1578 - April 30, 1642) - Russian national hero, military and political figure, head of the Second People's Militia, which liberated Moscow from the Polish-Lithuanian occupiers. His name and the name of Kuzma Minin are closely associated with the country’s exit from the Time of Troubles, which is currently celebrated in Russia on November 4th.
After the election of Mikhail Fedorovich to the Russian throne, D. M. Pozharsky plays a leading role at the royal court as a talented military leader and statesman. Despite the victory of the people's militia and the election of the Tsar, the war in Russia still continued. In 1615-1616 Pozharsky, on the instructions of the tsar, was sent at the head of a large army to fight the detachments of the Polish colonel Lisovsky, who besieged the city of Bryansk and took Karachev. After the fight with Lisovsky, the tsar instructs Pozharsky in the spring of 1616 to collect the fifth money from merchants into the treasury, since the wars did not stop and the treasury was depleted. In 1617, the tsar instructed Pozharsky to conduct diplomatic negotiations with the English ambassador John Merik, appointing Pozharsky as governor of Kolomensky. In the same year, the Polish prince Vladislav came to the Moscow state. Residents of Kaluga and its neighboring cities turned to the tsar with a request to send them D. M. Pozharsky to protect them from the Poles. The Tsar fulfilled the request of the Kaluga residents and gave an order to Pozharsky on October 18, 1617 to protect Kaluga and surrounding cities by all available measures. Prince Pozharsky fulfilled the king's order with honor. Having successfully defended Kaluga, Pozharsky received an order from the tsar to go to the aid of Mozhaisk, namely to the city of Borovsk, and began to harass the troops of Prince Vladislav with flying detachments, causing them significant damage. However, at the same time, Pozharsky became very ill and, at the behest of the tsar, returned to Moscow. Pozharsky, having barely recovered from his illness, took an active part in defending the capital from Vladislav’s troops, for which Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich awarded him new fiefs and estates.

General Ermolov