Pumping stations

Reinforcement fiberglass. Fiberglass rebar AKS

In construction, as in other industries, they increasingly resort to the use of the latest technologies and innovative approaches in the production of goods and services. Fiberglass rebar is an example of such an alternative solution. It quickly replaced traditional metal parts, overtaking them in terms of economic and technical parameters. From this article you will learn what fiberglass reinforcement is. The characteristics of this material will be presented in comparison with others.

Fiberglass reinforcement - what is it?

The reinforcing agent, or non-metallic fiberglass reinforcement, is a kind of rod with a ribbed surface of glass fibers. Its profile is spiral, and its diameter varies from 4 to 18 mm. The length of the reinforcement can reach up to 12 meters. Sometimes it is found in the form of twisted bays, the diameter of such a building material is 10 mm.

Abroad, fiberglass reinforcement, the use of which is as widespread as in our country, is called polymer equipment. It is reinforced with continuous fibre. In Russia, you can often find the abbreviation AKS.

What is fiberglass reinforcement made of?

The physical body of the AKC consists of several parts:

1. Main trunk. It is made from parallel fibers that are connected by a polymer resin. The main shaft provides the strength of the reinforcement.

2. Outer layer - is a fibrous body. It is wound in a spiral around the barrel of the AKS. It occurs in the form of sand spraying or bidirectional winding.

There are various variations of fiberglass, it all depends on the manufacturer's imagination and the appropriateness of know-how. On sale you can find fittings, the main trunk of which is made in the form of a pigtail made of carbon fiber.

Basic properties

To determine the properties of fiberglass, a lot of research and testing has been carried out. The obtained results characterized AKS as a high-strength and durable equipment for construction, which has a number of advantages over other materials:

light weight (fiberglass is 9 times lighter than metal reinforcement);
resistance to corrosion in acidic and aggressive chloride environments (10 times higher than the properties of steel reinforcement);
low thermal conductivity;
profitability (it is more profitable to transport it, and replacement is carried out less often);
magnetoinertia;
radio transparency;
armature is a dielectric.

Fiberglass reinforcement: disadvantages

In addition to the indisputable advantages of AKS, thanks to which it has gained great popularity among construction companies and ordinary people, it has its drawbacks. Of course, it is very difficult to call them critical. However, it is worth bearing in mind the negative characteristics of the material, which can affect the construction process.

So, disadvantages:

short ;
insufficient indicator of heat resistance;
others.

Due to its low elasticity, AKC is easy to bend. For the manufacture of the foundation and paths, this is not a serious disadvantage. But in the case of the production of floors, additional calculations need to be made, taking into account this feature of the reinforcement.

Insufficient heat resistance is a more serious disadvantage of ACS. The fact that fiberglass itself is heat resistant does not mean anything. The plastic link does not withstand high temperatures, however, the reinforcement belongs to the group of self-extinguishing materials. This property is valid up to a temperature of 2000 degrees Celsius, after which the AKS loses its strength. Therefore, the use of fiberglass together with concrete is prohibited. Such fittings can be used only in those areas of construction where temperature differences are completely excluded. However, these requirements are almost always met in ordinary residential and some industrial buildings.

Fiberglass reinforcement, the disadvantages of which were listed above, has a number of negative sides. Over time, its strength is destroyed, and under the influence of alkaline compounds, the reaction rate increases several times. But modern technologies allow to cope with this disadvantage. Rare earth metals are added to the composition of ACS, which make fiberglass less sensitive.

Some experts note the fact that such fittings do not tolerate welding. Therefore, many prefer to "knit" fiberglass lashes.

Fiberglass production

We very often use fiberglass reinforcement at home, for example, in pouring the foundation, etc. The production of AKS does not have to be in-line. Many car tuning shops produce this material in various configurations. - a common thing for services: they can make a new bumper and other parts out of it. But in this case we are talking about small-scale production. Only large industrial enterprises put AKC on stream.

There are several basic manufacturing methods:

stretching;
winding;
manual way.

The first method is used for the manufacture of various profiles. Glass fibers are unwound on a continuous flow line. Most often, parallel bundles of material are unrolled from the bobbins that do not twist together. Experts call this element of production roving. Before the bobbins come into action, the fiberglass is lubricated with a resin containing substances for its polymerization at high temperatures. Gradually, the material will harden, and this effect is achieved due to the chemical reaction that has occurred. Then the fiberglass passes through filters that free the material from excess resin, and the ACS takes on its usual cylindrical shape. Until the reinforcement has hardened, a special tourniquet is wound around it in a spiral. It is he who provides strength in contact with concrete. Due to this property, fiberglass reinforcement for the foundation is increasingly being used. Reviews left by builders are often positive.

After all the manipulations, the ACS passes through an oven, where it hardens at a high temperature. Next, the finished reinforcement is cut into pieces of the desired length (they are called whips). Sometimes AKS is wound on reels, but this is only possible if it has a small diameter. Thick lashes are simply impossible to twist. Such fiberglass reinforcement, the use of which is very common, is produced in large quantities when it comes to large-scale production.

Most often they are produced by the winding method. They are made according to the same principle as whips. Fiberglass impregnated with resin is wound on a special machine. The winding device, due to its rotation, makes it possible to obtain a cylindrical surface. Next, the fiberglass passes through a high-temperature furnace and is cut into pipes of a certain size.

The manual method is most often used in small-scale production. Fiberglass reinforcement, the shortcomings of which do not affect the final result so much, makes it possible to obtain a durable car body, bumper, etc. The craftsmen create a special matrix with a pre-applied decorative and protective layer. Usually, a sprayer is used for this, which allows you to achieve a uniform effect. After that, glass material is laid on the matrix, which is cut in advance to the desired dimensions. Fiberglass or glass mat is impregnated with a mixture of polymer resin. It is best to use a brush. Using a roller, the remaining air is squeezed out of the material so that there are no voids inside the fiberglass. When the fabric has hardened, it is cut, given the desired shape, holes are drilled in it, etc. After that, the matrix can be reused.

Characteristics

Fiberglass reinforcement is characterized by the following parameters:

winding step;
inner and outer diameter.

Each profile number has its own indicator value. The only parameter that remains unchanged is the winding pitch. It is equal to 15 mm.

According to the specifications, fiberglass reinforcement, the characteristics of which differ depending on the profile, is produced under the following numbers: 4, 5, 5.5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 and 18. These values correspond to the outer diameter indicator. The weight of the profiles varies from 0.02 to 0.42 kg / 1 p.m.

Kinds

Construction fittings have many varieties. There are classifications that subdivide it into:

piece;
grid;
frames;
designs.

Reinforcement is also divided into groups:

working;
distribution;
mounting;
reinforcement used in reinforced concrete structures.

In addition, the rods are divided into longitudinal and transverse, smooth and round, fiberglass and composite, etc.

Scope of application of composite reinforcement

The scope of the material under consideration is quite wide. Very often, composite (fiberglass) reinforcement is used for the foundation, namely for reinforcing elastic foundations. In this case, we are talking about the production of road slabs and slabs. Reinforcement with fiberglass reinforcement is used for the production of conventional concrete structures, drainage pipes, dowels, etc. With its help, they improve the characteristics of walls, make flexible connections between brickwork. ACS is used for reinforcing automobile canvases, embankments for a weak base, cast-in-place concrete, etc.

Transportation

Fiberglass reinforcement is produced in the form of coils that can be rolled up. This became possible after the manufacturers removed self-tightening ties. The AKS bays can be safely deployed, after which the fiberglass is straightened and becomes suitable for work.

The material is packed and transported in a horizontal position. The main thing during transportation is to follow the basic rules for the transportation of goods.

Comparison of fiberglass reinforcement with steel

AKS's main competitor is steel reinforcement. Their characteristics are largely similar, but in some respects fiberglass is clearly superior to the usual type of metal equipment.

Let's compare fiberglass with steel according to certain parameters:

1. Deformability. - elastic-plastic, AKS - ideally elastic.

2. Strength limit: for steel - 390 MPa, for fiberglass - 1300 MPa.

3. Thermal conductivity coefficient. In the first case, it is equal to 46 W / mOS, in the second - 0.35.

4. Density. Steel reinforcement has a value of 7850 kg / m 3, AKS - 1900 kg / m 3.

5. Thermal conductivity. Fiberglass is not thermally conductive, unlike steel.

6. Corrosion resistance. AKS is a stainless metal, steel corrodes relatively quickly.

7. Ability to conduct electricity. The dielectric is fiberglass reinforcement. The disadvantages of steel rods are that they are 100% current conductors.

Fiberglass reinforcement in bays and has a high resistance in an acidic environment. Despite the small diameter - 8 mm fiberglass rebar remains stable at low temperatures.

Tensile strength is 2 times higher than the strength characteristics of class A III steel reinforcement;

Stainless material;

The fittings are acid-resistant. Stands very well in sea water;

Reinforcement does not bend (has more elastic properties);

Non-conductive - is a dielectric;

Practically does not conduct heat;

Radio transparent;

Magneto-inert (no change in the strength properties of composite reinforcement under the influence of electromagnetic fields);

Does not lose its strength properties under the influence of ultra-low temperatures;

Fiberglass reinforcement is 5 times lighter than metal reinforcement, and 9 times lighter in case of equal strength replacement;

Any construction length.

It is used for reinforcing concrete, including concrete structures, such as the foundations of low-rise buildings up to 3 floors.

It can be used as a reinforcing material for the foundation of the fence, as well as for reinforcing the top layer of a concrete floor that can withstand severe loads per 1 sq / meter, such as heavy industrial machinery, equipment, heavy objects falling from a great height.

It has improved thermal insulation properties, light weight in comparison with a metal counterpart, ease of installation.

It can replace, in terms of its physical and mechanical properties, metal fittings with a diameter of 10-12 mm. Based on this, fiberglass reinforcement with a diameter of 8 mm will allow you to get an inexpensive, reliable and modern material for construction and decoration.

Replacement table:

Fiberglass fittings	Dia mm	Weight per p.meter (KG)	Armature metal.	Diam. mm	Weight per p.meter (kg)
AKP-4	4	0.02	6A-III.	6	0.260
AKP-6	6	0.05	8A-III	8	0.395
AKP-8	8	0.07	10A-III and 12A-III	10-12	0.617.
AKP-10	10	0.12	12A-III and 14A-III	12-14.	0.888
AKP-12.	12	0.2	14A-III and 16A-III	14-16	1.210
AKP-14	14	0.26	16A-III and 18A-III	16-18	1.580

fiberglass reinforcement has become a real breakthrough in the production of products based on concrete: the manufacture of reinforced concrete structures, construction work, etc.

Much higher corrosion resistance. In fact, fiberglass does not react to water at all and can stay in it forever. Whereas steel reinforcement, if there are cracks in the reinforced concrete product and, as a result, moisture access to the metal, quickly corrodes. As a result, the bearing capacity of reinforced concrete decreases. Due to fears of corrosion, designers are forced to put a greater margin of safety in concrete products, which increases the cost of any object in which they are included. In the case of fiberglass reinforcement, no correction for corrosion is necessary, so a smaller diameter can be used.
Significantly less weight (fiberglass itself is 5-9 times lighter than structural steel). Therefore, products that use such reinforcement and objects built on their basis are lighter, which means they need a simpler foundation. Plus, it saves on transport costs.
Studies have shown that products with fiberglass reinforcement can be operated at temperatures from minus 700C to plus 1000C, which is quite enough for ordinary construction projects.

The reliability of structures built on the basis of concrete with such reinforcement has been repeatedly confirmed in practice. So, for example, the lighthouse in Sochi has been functioning without any complaints for more than 40 years. And we will take into account the fact that it is located near the sea, where the climate, in terms of the impact on building materials, is a very aggressive environment.

But until recently, this reinforcement had one significant drawback: its cost was much higher than steel. Now, thanks to the development of technology, the situation has changed exactly the opposite. Fiberglass reinforcement, the price of which has become lower than steel, began to rapidly gain ever-higher positions in the construction market.

In Europe, concrete products with such reinforcement have become widely used, first of all, in the construction of critical facilities - bridges, dams, tunnels, etc., operated in conditions of high humidity.

Distinctive properties of fiberglass reinforcement:

does not rust, resistant to corrosion;
resistant to mineral and organic acids;
does not shield electromagnetic waves, that is, does not impede radio communication;
does not conduct electricity;
has a low thermal conductivity, that is, it improves the thermal insulation properties of products based on it;
has a much lower specific gravity compared to metal reinforcement;
magnetointerna, that is, it is not magnetized;
resistant to ultra-low temperatures;
three times stronger than steel reinforcement class A III;
can be made in any length.

Fiberglass or composite reinforcement is an alternative to steel products and is used to reinforce concrete in cases where special requirements are placed on their physical and chemical properties. Fiberglass does not deteriorate from moisture, its mass is 9 times less than the mass of steel of the same strength. Thermal conductivity indicators reduce heat loss, and the temperature range is from -70 to 120 degrees. This material is used to reinforce concrete tanks in chemical plants, bridge supports and foundations. It is suitable for bonding multi-layer masonry walls and strengthening floors and screeds. Fiberglass is used in road construction in the construction of embankments and coatings.

Manufacturing technology

The main components of fiberglass rods are fiberglass and epoxy resin. First, the threads are impregnated with an adhesive, and then they undergo a polymerization process. To do this, they are pulled through the dies of the desired diameter. At the final stage, a relief is applied to a smooth surface by rolling between rollers, which have a corresponding corrugation. In this way, bars of a light yellow color are obtained, which have optimal adhesion to concrete. Products have a diameter of 4 mm to 2 cm. In addition to fiberglass, basalt, carbon and aramid fibers are used in production. In this case, the products differ in color and may have longitudinal ribbing. To obtain structures from reinforcement, fiberglass is bonded using plastic elements.

Advantages and disadvantages of fiberglass products

Fiberglass products are distinguished by increased tensile strength and are three times superior to steel reinforcement in this indicator. The density of fiberglass is much less than that of metal, respectively, the weight is also much lighter, which makes it possible to lighten the concrete structure. A significant advantage is that the plastic does not rust, even if it comes into contact with water, including sea water. The material does not react to the effects of alkalis, acids and other active chemicals. It does not break down in the cold and can withstand an unlimited number of freeze/thaw cycles. Fiberglass has low thermal conductivity, which contributes to the improvement of this characteristic in concrete products with composite reinforcement. In addition, composites and concrete have approximately the same coefficient of thermal expansion, so such structures are not subject to cracking. The armature is a dielectric and does not interfere with radio waves. It can be produced in any measured length. Due to the special properties of epoxy resin, long products can be wound into coils, and then restore their original straight state, while maintaining integrity and all their strength characteristics.

Fiberglass is significantly inferior to steel in elasticity, that is, it bends quite easily. For this reason, its use in ceilings must be accompanied by careful calculations. The material is fireproof, but at a temperature of about 600 degrees it softens and loses its mechanical properties. In hazardous industries, it is necessary to ensure the thermal protection of structures with such reinforcement. The strength of composite joints when creating a lattice leaves much to be desired. Alternatively, steel rods are attached to the ends of the fiberglass and welded. In the manufacture of structures of a special shape, it is necessary to order reinforcement with a certain bend, since it will not work to give it the desired appearance on the spot.

Name of product	Size	Unit rev.	Weight, kg
GRP COMPOSITE REINFORCEMENTS


AKS-4	100 m	bay	2,0
AKS-6	100 m	bay	5,0
AKS-8	50 m	bay	8,0
AKS-10	50 m	bay	12,0

Fiberglass reinforcement - types and scope

Reinforcement is a type of building material that is used to reinforce reinforced concrete products and structures. Usually it is made of metal - the most durable and sufficiently rigid material that can withstand significant loads. However, its large weight, the possibility of corrosion and rather high cost contributed to the search for new alternative materials for its manufacture.

Types of fittings

Reinforcement has many varieties according to various characteristics:

depending on the material - it can be steel and non-metallic;
according to the method of production - it is divided into rolled, rod and wire;
depending on the type of profile - it can be round, smooth or with a periodic profile;
by appointment - it can be working, assembly and distribution;
according to the principle of work - it can be relaxed and stressed.

Composite rebar is a great alternative to metal

The result of long-term research, which began back in the 70s of the last century, was a composite reinforcement made of plastic made on the basis of fiberglass or basalt threads. Its surface has a small relief, and the length of the rods can be different. This type of reinforcement has become an excellent alternative to metal counterparts, because it has excellent physical and chemical characteristics and has a number of undeniable advantages over metal.

Composite reinforcement is not afraid of corrosion, has high tensile strength, and is resistant to aggressive media. It can be used at low temperatures, it is lighter than metal and is cheaper. When assembling the frame from it, they use a special gun designed for knitting this type of reinforcement and wire, as well as clamps for plastic screeds. The most popular types of composite reinforcement are basalt and fiberglass.

Advantages of fiberglass reinforcement :

light weight, which reduces the load on the foundation;
high elasticity, which is convenient for transportation (it can simply be rolled up into coils and transported);
high strength characteristics, which are twice as high as those of metal reinforcement of the same diameter;
low thermal conductivity and resistance to chemicals;
corrosion resistance, which means a longer service life;
permeability to radio waves and the preservation of its properties under the influence of an electromagnetic field;
low cost, which reduces the cost of erected structures.

Scope and advantages of fiberglass reinforcement

The main field of application of fiberglass reinforcement is its use in the production of concrete structures. It is also widely used in industrial enterprises in the gas, oil refining, chemical, coal industries and in construction. This type of building material has gained popularity due to its versatility - it is not afraid of aggressive environments, low temperatures, high humidity, chemicals and gases.

The undoubted advantage of using such material in construction is the reduction in the cost of the work performed. This is possible due to its high technical characteristics, because they are much higher than that of metal. Instead of metal reinforcement with a cross section of 12 mm, fiberglass reinforcement with a diameter of only 8 mm can be used without compromising the quality of work and the strength characteristics of products or structures. And this is a real and considerable cost savings!

Composite reinforcement serves as an excellent replacement for metal reinforcement in water disposal and sewerage systems, road and civil construction, in the construction of portside and earthquake-resistant structures. It is used in reinforced products made of heavy and light concrete, as flexible connections in three-layer stone walls, as well as in fixed formwork during the construction of buildings. Its use allows improving the performance of structures and extending their service life up to 100 years!

Comparative table of equal strength replacement of metalreinforcement for fiberglass with indication of weight

№	fittings fiberglass	Diameter, mm	Weight per p. meter, (kg)	fittings metallic	Diameter, mm	Weight per p. meter, (kg)
1	AKS-4	4	0.02	6A-III	6	0.260
2	AKS-6	6	0.05	8A-III	8	0.395
3	AKS-8	8	0.08	12A-III	12	0.888
4	AKS-10	10	0.12	14A-III	14	1.210
5	AKS-12	12	0.20	16A-III	16	1.580
6	AKS-14	14	0.26	18A-III	18	2.000

The number of linear meters in one ton of fiberglass reinforcement.

№	Fiberglass fittings		Metal fittings	Number of p.m. in 1 ton of products
1	AKS-4	50 000.00	6A-III	3846.00
2	AKS-6	20 000.00	8A-III	2532.00
3	AKS-8	12 500.00	12A-III	1126.00
4	AKS-10	8 350.00	14A-III	826.00
5	AKS-12	5 000.00	16A-III	633.00
6	AKS-14	3 850.00	18A-III	500.00

Non-metallic fittings are cheaper than replaceable metal fittings by 50-150%.

Replacing metal fittings with a non-metallic composition

Calculation and design of concrete products are carried out in accordance with SNiP 52-01-2003 “concrete and reinforced concrete structures. Basic Provisions”, as well as according to the “Recommendations for the calculation of structures with fiberglass reinforcement R-16-78 (NIIZhB, 1978).

When designing building structures using reinforcement, one should be guided by the equality of the loads applied to the reinforcing elements. The replacement procedure is shown in the table below.

Metal fittings A3 (A400C) GOST 5781-82	Non-metallic composite rebar AKS TU 2296-001-98065623-2008
6 A3 Fsec = 28.3 mm2; Rcalc \u003d 10 200n	5 AKS Fsec = 10.2 mm2; Rcalc \u003d 10 200n
8 A3 Fsec = 50.3 mm2; Rcalc = 18 100n	6 AKS Fsec \u003d 18.2 mm2; Rcalc = 18 100n
10 A3 Fsec = 78.5 mm2; Rcalc= 28 300 n	7 AKS Fsec \u003d 28.3 mm2; Rcalc= 28 300 n
12 A3 Fsec \u003d 113.1 mm2; Rcalc= 40 720 n	8 AKS Fsec \u003d 40.7 mm2; Rcalc= 40 720 n
14 A3 Fsec = 154 mm2; Rcalc= 55 450 n	10 AKS Fsec = 55.5 mm2; Rcalc= 55 450 n
16 A3 Fsec = 201 mm2; Rcalc= 72 360 n	11 AKS Fsec = 72.4 mm2; Rcalc= 72 360 n
18 A3 Fsec = 254 mm2; Rcalc = 91 450 n	12 AKS Fsec = 91.5 mm2; Rcalc = 91 450 n

Fsec- cross section of reinforcement, mm2

Rrasch- tensile force of the reinforcement at the calculated temporary tensile strength, n

Fiberglass composite reinforcement is one of the most popular and modern building materials that have become widely known in the world.

Such popularity is explained by the fact that fiberglass has advantages over metal reinforcement. Many people know from their own experience that metal reinforcement is very heavy, which requires more effort and time during its installation. In addition, it is subject to corrosion, which can ultimately lead to premature destruction of the concrete structure.

Fiberglass reinforcement is a lightweight and alkali-resistant material, so it is beneficial to use it in construction.

Fiberglass reinforcement: an innovative building material

Conventional steel reinforcement is reliable and durable, but it is subject to corrosion and has a solid weight. It makes concrete structures heavier, and due to its susceptibility to corrosion, it contributes to their destruction. Today there is a more modern analogue of steel reinforcement - fiberglass material.

Features of composite reinforcement

Fiberglass reinforcement is a composite material that has the advantages of steel reinforcement, but is devoid of the disadvantages of the latter.

Composite reinforcement:

3 times stronger than steel and 9 times lighter than metal;
does not conduct electricity;
not subject to corrosion;
does not conduct heat;
serves much longer than steel - up to 80 years;
can be produced in any length.

The production of fiberglass reinforcement is carried out according to the technology of the Armastek company. The company has quality certificates for all products.

More reliable than steel

Steel is susceptible to corrosion, so when moisture gets on the bars, an oxidation reaction occurs. Composites are resistant to such influences. Concrete can absorb moisture from the environment, so water still gets on the rebar. However, choosing a fiberglass building material, you can not worry about the safety of the object - it will stand for many years.

Reinforcement of a new sample is used for construction:

civil and industrial facilities;
objects of the agro-industrial complex
road facilities
hydraulic structures
special facilities
objects of architecture and decoration.

Composite reinforcement withstands high loads. It is twisted into coils (has 100% memory) and does not lose strength and other properties, unlike metal. In addition, using fiberglass reinforcement, you can significantly save both on construction work and on the transportation of material.

Working with fiberglass reinforcement is much easier than with steel. All work can be completed in a shorter time, and this also saves money. Armastek's specialists were able to realize hundreds of objects using the material of their own design. The demand for innovation is increasing every year - more and more construction companies are paying attention to fiberglass material. It is stronger and more economical than any analogues.

Comparative characteristics
steel and fiberglass reinforcement

Characteristics	Fiberglass rebar AKS	Steel fittings of class A-III (A400C)
Material	Epoxy bonded glass roving	Steel
Tensile strength, not less than MPa	1 000	390
Modulus of elasticity, MPa	50 000	200 000
Relative extension, %	2,2	25
Thermal conductivity coefficient, W/(mּ0С)	0,35	46
Linear expansion coefficient, αх10-5/0С	9-12	13-15
Density, t/m³	1,9	7,8
Corrosion resistance to aggressive environments	Not subject to corrosion	subject to corrosion
Thermal conductivity	Non-thermal conductive	Thermally conductive
Electrical conductivity	Non-conductive - is a dielectric	Electrically conductive
Length	In accordance with the application of the buyer (produced in bars and coils)	Rods 6-12 m long
Durability	Service life 80 years	In accordance with building codes
Conditional replacement of reinforcement according to physical and mechanical properties	4 AKS 6 AKS 8 AKS 10 AKS 12 AKS	8 AIII 10 III 12 AIII 14 AIII 16 AIII

Properties and application of fiberglass reinforcement

Fiberglass rebar is a product created from glass fibers bonded with thermosetting resins. Its main feature is lightness, the mass index per unit volume is only 2g/mm3. Working with this material is easier and more profitable than with metal fittings. Less costs are required for transportation and directly for reinforcement.

in construction, composite reinforcement is used in the construction of residential, public and industrial facilities as a reinforcing frame for foundations, floors, crossbeams;
in road repair work, composite reinforcement is used in the construction of embankments, roadbeds, in the construction of bridges and highway barriers. It is resistant to anti-icing agents, so it can be used in all cold regions.