Make a birdhouse project using technology. Social project "Birdhouse" (6th grade)
Selection and justification of the project topic. It all started with the fact that our class took part in the Belgorod-“Green Capital” campaign, collecting seeds of various trees (acorns, chestnuts, acacia seeds and fruit trees), then we took part in labor landings to plant seedlings, and I and my classmates planted many seedlings of oaks, spruces and fruit trees. But planting and growing trees is only part of the task; in addition, they need to be preserved and protected from various insect pests. And then the decision was made to build a birdhouse. birdhouse
Historical reference. Apparently, the first massive human attempts to build and provide housing for birds were made much earlier, most likely in the last millennium in India. Hindus have long treated all animals humanely. The Indian myna starling is still hung with dry bottle gourds for nests. There is a written mention of birdhouses in the “Book for Hunters” of 1774 by Vasily Levshin: “And in the Crimea, Little Russia and in many places in Russia, starlings are found in courtyards under fences, other owners make special bundles for them from birch bark, where they can build a nest. Such yard starlings amuse the human ear with a pleasant whistle.”
Design - project analysis. Considering various product models (see the chapter “Generating Ideas”), and various Internet sites on similar topics, I come to the conclusion that my birdhouse is in no way inferior in design to its fellows. And in some ways it’s even better and has its own distinctive look. In addition, you can list a few more advantages of this model:
Birdhouse manufacturing technology. For this project I will be doing mostly woodworking: marking, sawing, planing, jigsawing, filing and sanding, drilling, gluing, wood carving and turning. For these operations you will need hand tools for woodworking: a hacksaw, a universal miter box (for sawing at an angle of 45, a plane, a manual jigsaw (saw table), files of various shapes and notches, sandpaper (sanding block), a set of cutters, a drilling machine (crowns according to wood), wood lathe and burner. Most of these operations are performed on a carpentry bench, all of the listed tools, devices and machines are in the school workshop.
Safety precautions when performing work. TB when sawing. TB when connecting parts with screws. TB when gluing parts. TB in surface finishing. TB when working on a drilling machine. TB when working with a jigsaw. Safety precautions when working on a wood lathe.
Economic justification for the project. The time spent on making the birdhouse was about 16 hours. When determining the price, I summed up the costs of materials, electricity, deductions for the expected salary, and profit. C=S+P. Cost (C) includes: C1 - cost of boards; C2 - cost of glue; C3 - cost of screws; C4 - cost of electricity; C5 - cost of sanding paper; C6 - depreciation charges (wear and tear of machines and tools); C7 - salary deductions. Let's calculate the cost: C1=100 rub. ; C2= 25 rub.; C3= 15 rub.; C4= 36 rub.; C5= 20 rub. (2 sheets (10 rubles each); C6 = depreciation deductions (wear of machines and tools) are insignificant; C7 = 500 rubles (salary negotiable). C = C1 + C2 + C3 + C4 + C5 + C6 + C7 = 696 rubles .
The first birdhouses in Europe began to be made back in the 16th century. At the same time, not only practical (at this time the benefits brought by starlings as exterminators of harmful insects) were already known, but also aesthetic and religious-cult goals. About 300 years ago, during the time of Peter I, a fashion arose to make bird houses and hang them near people’s homes. This tradition has long been firmly rooted in Russia. Specimens of birdhouses made by Vologda peasants at the end of the 18th – beginning of the 19th centuries have been preserved. In the middle of the 20th century. Hanging bird houses in order to attract birds in areas of mass pest breeding has become particularly widespread. Today, people hang houses and bird feeders on their personal plots, in parks, and even outside their apartment windows. Birds chirp cheerfully, fuss and give a good mood. And for summer residents and gardeners, ordinary tits and sparrows also help fight pests of green spaces. In addition to inconspicuous birdhouses, there are, on the contrary, real works of art: decorative birdhouses that decorate a manor or garden.
Creative project "Birdhouse" (a collective project for 2 - 3 people is possible) 1. Rationale for the project We always look forward to every spring with excitement, when nature comes to life, birds fly in and sing. Starlings fly into our garden, but we don’t have a birdhouse for them. So I decided to make them a birdhouse. In 5th grade we learned to saw, plan, drill and join wood parts. Now I can do a lot myself and will definitely make a birdhouse and attach it to a tree. 2. Project plan To complete my project, I need to think in advance about the shape and dimensions of the birdhouse, select materials, draw a drawing or sketch of the birdhouse, determine its dimensions, select tools for processing, think over the manufacturing technology, manufacture it and figure out how to attach it to the tree. You can draw up a project implementation plan, that is, a thinking scheme, as follows (Fig. 1).
3. Possible options for birdhouses and choosing the best option. It is better to make a birdhouse from natural wood or from a hollow tree, as the birds will get used to it better. It should be warm and not deteriorate from moisture or crack from the sun. The birdhouse can be made from boards or thick plywood. The roof can be made of boards or even tin or plastic. It's easier to make a rectangular shape. The boards can be fastened with nails or screws. The first option (Fig. 2) involves making a birdhouse from planks with a sloping roof.
This option is simple, but not a very beautiful option. A roof made of two planks would look better (Fig. 3).
Option 3 – birdhouse made from the trunk of a hollow tree (Fig. 4). It has a shelf under the entrance hole on which the bird can sit and rest. Yes, and the chicks can sit before their first flight.
Option 4 – a birdhouse made of a hollow tree with an entrance from a hollow knot (Fig. 5). This design makes it more difficult for the cat to get the starling and chicks out of the birdhouse.
I shared my opinion with friends and parents about which birdhouse design is better. The majority noted the first option as the best. Of all the options, I choose the first one. It is the simplest. There are materials for its manufacture. It consists only of planks that can be easily knocked down with nails or connected with screws. 4. Birdhouse drawing The requirements for the drawing are as follows. All dimensions of the product must be shown on the drawing. It will be easy for me to mark and cut the boards. There should be a hole in the birdhouse, as my parents told me, with a diameter of about 5 cm. A starling can freely crawl into it. The hole can be marked and drilled along its contour, then cut or sawed, the hole can be cut out with a jigsaw and cleaned with a file. But it’s better to cut it out right away with a jigsaw if the board is not thick. I read that you cannot nail a birdhouse into a living tree using wood nails. Can be nailed to a dry or separate knot or secured to the roof of a building, for example to wooden parts with nails or screws. You can screw the birdhouse to the body using wire without a fastening strip. The tree grows wider and over time the wire cuts into it. It would not be harmful to fasten the birdhouse with wire and place wooden blocks under it. To the birdhouse you need to nail a board to the back wall in advance. The drawing of my product is shown in Fig. 6.
5. Manufacturing technology For the walls of the birdhouse, I selected a board 20 mm thick and 140 mm wide. I marked the front and rear walls with a length of 350 and 300 mm. The side walls need to be cut obliquely. The bottom will have a size of 140 180 mm (Fig. 6 and Fig. 7). The hole is cut out with a jigsaw. First, a board is nailed to the back wall to attach the birdhouse and the ends of the nails are bent. The walls are nailed or attached with screws (Fig. 7).
The walls and bottom are nailed tightly. Under the cover, the side walls are cut down at the angle of the roof. The roof is made of boards, plywood, tin or plastic measuring 140 × 260 mm and nailed with small nails. The manufacturing technology is recorded in the technological map (Table 1). Table 1. Technological map for making a birdhouse 
Manufacturing process I made my birdhouse according to my drawing and according to the technological map in the technology room and at home. All necessary tools are available. The boards are well cut with a saw and planed with a plane, and smoothed along the edges with a file. At first I thought it would be easy and quick to make. Now I know that this is not true. The birdhouse turned out good. I think starlings will settle in it. 6. Economic justification for the project 6.1. To make a birdhouse, boards were required. The length of the board is: 350 mm x 4 walls = 1.4 m. Its volume is approximately 14 cm x 2 cm x 140 cm = 44300 cm3 = 0.044 m3. The price of one cubic meter of boards is 4 thousand rubles/m3. The cost of our board is: 0.044 m3 x 4 thousand rubles/m3 = approximately 17 rubles. The rest of the materials are free from waste. 6.2. To make a birdhouse it took 200 g = 0.2 kg of nails. Price of nails: 80 rub./kg. The cost of nails is: 0.2 kg x 80 rubles/kg = 16 rubles. The total cost of product C at costs Z will be: C = Z1 + Z2 = 17 + 16 = 33 (rub.). 7. Defense and evaluation of the project For the defense, I wrote a short report for 5 minutes. I told how I made my birdhouse in class at the defense of the project. Everyone praised me. Now it will be nice for the birds too. I received a good grade for the birdhouse.
Municipal budgetary educational institution
Gymnasium No. 1.
Primorsky region of the city of Nakhodka.
Project work on technology:
"Secrets of the Birdhouse"
Compiled by:
Oslopov Kirill
student of class 9 "A"
Supervisor:
Lapin Oleg Vladimirovich
Technology teacher
Nakhodka
2013
- Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………….....3
- “Secrets of the birdhouse”……………………………………………………….4
2.1. Justification and selection of the project……………………………………………………………...4
2.2. Types of birdhouses……………………………………………………………….6
2.3. Design and placement of birdhouses……………………………………..7
2.4. Purpose of birdhouses………………………………………………………..7
2.5. Interesting facts from the life of starlings……………………………………..7
2.6. Starlings are protectors of gardens and vegetable gardens………………………………………………………..9
2.7. Practical work…………………………………………………………….10
2.8.Economic calculations……………………………………………………….10
2.9.Manufacturing stages……………………………………………………………...11
3. Technological map……………………………………………………………12
4. Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………17
5. References……………………………………………………………..18
- Introduction.
In the spring, I noticed that many starlings arrive, but in the summer they can be seen very rarely. “Why aren’t starlings visible in summer?” There are very few places in the village for them to live. The solution suggested itself - we need to help the birds, which means helping ourselves.
The object of my research was a birdhouse.
Subject of research: birdhouse for starlings.
Purpose of the study: to study the method of making a birdhouse for a starling.
Tasks:
Get acquainted with the history of birdhouses;
Study the features of making birdhouses for starlings;
Build a birdhouse for a starling with your own hands.
Research methods:
Theoretical: study of information sources.
Practical:
a) observation;
b) design;
c) generalization and conclusions.
Hypothesis: making the largest number of birdhouses for starlings is one of the ways to maintain the number of starlings in the village.
The intended value of the work lies in the fact that this project is aimed at developing creative work and environmental culture.
2. “Secrets of the birdhouse.”
2.1. Justification and choice of topic.
There is a written mention of birdhouses in the “Book for Hunters” of 1774 by Vasily Levshin: “And in the Crimea, Little Russia and in many places in Russia, starlings are found in courtyards under detention, other owners make special bundles for them from birch bark, where they can make nests. Such yard starlings amuse the human ear with a pleasant whistle.”
Apparently, the first massive human attempts to build and provide housing for birds were made much earlier, most likely in the last millennium in India. Hindus have long treated all animals humanely. The Indian myna starling is still hung with dry bottle gourds for nests. Now mynahs can be found in Moscow - they were unintentionally acclimatized here by bird lovers, and the bottle gourd - laginaria - was not so long ago bred in some steppe forestry enterprises specifically for use as bird houses in forest plantations.
In Europe, regardless of the Indians, the inhabitants of the Netherlands were the first to learn how to attract starlings. This is confirmed by some Flemish paintings, which, starting from 1500, depict birdhouses and birds around them.
There are also written confirmations. Professor G.P. Dementyev found in the ancient treatise “On the Birds of Olina,” printed in Rome in 1622, images of a starling and a clay birdhouse nearby. Flemish birdhouses were made of baked clay, in the shape of a jug, flat on one side. On this flat wall there was a hole large enough for a hand to pass through. On the other hand - the entrance. The birdhouse was hung on a nail on buildings, with the flat side facing the wall. The large hole was, of course, not for a nail. Birdhouses, it turns out, were hung not at all to protect starlings, but, on the contrary, to be used as food for the chicks as soon as they grew up.
Even earlier, the Novgorodians, who settled the northern lands right up to the White Sea, attracted goldeneye ducks in dugout logs. In nature, they nest in hollows. They placed nest boxes along the river banks, and when the egg laying ended, they drove around the nest boxes in a boat and collected the eggs. The second masonry was no longer touched. And now in the Darwin Nature Reserve on the Rybinsk Reservoir, goldeneyes willingly settle in large “birdhouses” made of boards. Of course, no one takes away their clutches. And in Moscow, goldeneyes nest on some ponds at VDNKh and the Zoo. It would be very simple to revive the old custom of hanging nest boxes for them. Then it would be possible to breed these small beautiful diving ducks in the capital.
Well, the birdhouse itself - a wooden bird house made of boards - also first appeared in Rus'. In the old days, birdhouses were real works of art. Figures of people were cut out on a piece of log with a cavity in the center and painted. From the boards they built a kind of mansion with a gable roof and a balcony decorated with carvings. The birds didn't need it, but people liked it. Interesting antique birdhouses are kept in the collections of the Historical Museum in Moscow and the Toy Museum in Zagorsk. The very complexity of production spoke of the love with which people treated this work and the inhabitants of the houses - starlings.
Professor G.P. Dementyev wrote that “apparently, it was among the rural population of Russia that the idea of protecting birds for ethical and aesthetic reasons first arose.”
In our time, this glorious Russian custom is not only not forgotten, but has spread to cities. In areas of Moscow new buildings there are many birdhouses on trees, and where there are none - on balconies. It is the new settlers who “for luck” invite the starlings to settle nearby.
The German scientist Hennicke, in his large “Manual on Attracting Birds” published in 1912, attributes the “invention” of the birdhouse to the German zoologist G. C. Gloger. In this regard, it is appropriate to quote a few lines from the minutes of the meeting of the Committee on Animal Acclimatization on February 14, 1857 in Russia. The scientific secretary of the committee, A. P. Bogdanov, sent from Berlin “six artificial nests invented by the famous G. C. Gloger.” What kind of artificial nests were invented? The "Report on Action" of the same Committee states: "He (Gloger) came up with the idea of arranging artificial nests for these birds, something like our birdhouses." From these records it is clear that at this time birdhouses were not a novelty with us, and Gloger's nests were constructed similarly. What is the merit of a scientist? Firstly, that Gloger was the first to propose making nesting boxes of different sizes, designed not only for starlings, but also for other birds, and secondly, and this is the main thing, that it was proposed to attract birds primarily for economic purposes to protect plants from insects.
In 1898, Baron Hans von Berlepsch’s book “The General Protection of Birds” was published, which was translated into almost all European languages. On his estate “Zesbach” Berlepsh tested models of drilled bird nests of different sizes. The Scheide factory began mass production of these nesting boxes. The book was reprinted many times, its role in promoting birds and attracting them was enormous.
- Types of birdhouses.
Over the entire history of birdhouses, people have created more than fifty types of birdhouses. These types of birdhouses vary depending on the design and placement. Thus, there are open and ground nesting boxes, ordinary and combined birdhouses, nest boxes (logs hollowed out from the inside), barrels (houses with convex walls), sheds (houses with stacked walls and hip roofs). In addition, they are often divided into groups according to the name of the residents: birdhouses, titmouses, flycatchers, wagtails and others. All these bird houses vary in size, area, depth and some features characteristic of a particular breed of bird. But all of them are artificial nesting sites for small birds, mainly nesting in hollows.
- Design and placement of birdhouses.
The birdhouse is traditionally made in the form of a wooden house with a round or rectangular entrance. The height is usually 30-40 cm, the bottom size is about 14 cm, the diameter of the entrance is about 5 cm. The lid should be removable so that the nesting box can be checked, and also cleaned at the end of the nesting season - nesting material should be removed from the nesting box (starlings, tits and nuthatches can do this themselves, but some other birds cannot). Placed on a tree in the forest, park, on a balcony, wall or under the roof of a house.
- Purpose of birdhouses.
Birdhouses and feeders can be installed for several purposes:
Attracting birds to observe their nesting for research purposes or just for fun;
Attracting birds to destroy agricultural pests;
Fostering a love of nature and work in children.
2.5. Interesting facts from the life of starlings.
Appearance. A short-tailed, shiny black bird about the size ofblackbird , in autumn and winter with frequent white speckles. By spring, the light tips of the feathers wear off and the speckles disappear. Young birds are dark brown with a light throat. A typical running bird, unlike, for example, blackbirds that move by jumping. The flight is straight.
Habitat. Usually in open forests, steppes and populated areas.
Prefers open cultural landscapes with tree plantations, parks, and gardens.
Nutrition. It feeds on a variety of animal and plant foods and, at the end of the nesting period, gathers in large, dense flocks.
Nesting sites.It nests mainly near human dwellings, occupying birdhouses made and hung specifically for starlings, niches under balconies and roofs, etc. Less commonly, it settles in hollow trees near populated areas.
Nest location. The nest is located both singly and in small groups. When nesting in the forest, the starling usually occupies the hollows of the great spotted woodpecker, as well as other medium-sized woodpeckers.
Nest building material. The hollow is abundantly lined with soft stems of grass, sometimes straw and a large number of feathers of domestic and wild birds.
Features of masonry. The clutch contains from 5 to 8, more often 5-6, bright blue eggs without a pattern. Egg dimensions: (27-32) x (20-23) mm.
Nesting dates. Common starlings arrive early, usually in March, when thawed patches appear in the fields, and immediately occupy nesting sites. In April, eggs appear in the nests. Incubation lasts 13-15 days. The chicks are then fed in the nest for three weeks. Their flight occurs in the second half of May - the first half of June. In birds, a second clutch is sometimes observed.
After the chicks have fledged, starlings gather in flocks and soon (in July - August) leave the nesting area, moving south and southwest to places with plenty of food. Here they remain until the autumn departure for wintering grounds. And only small groups continue to stay in the breeding areas until autumn.
Departure takes place in September - October.
Spreading.Distributed from the western borders of Russia to Transbaikalia. Flies to the south of the Far East. In the north of the range, through agricultural areas it reaches the northern taiga.
Wintering. Winters mainly in North Africa, India, and Southern Europe. It is found in the Caucasus and here and there in large cities, and often flocks of starlings winter in the same squares and parks from year to year.
2.6. Starlings are protectors of gardens and vegetable gardens.
Economic importance. Despite some harmful activity in the fall (in vineyards and orchards), the starling is undoubtedly a very useful bird that should be protected and attracted in every possible way. It deserves this as a destroyer of various garden caterpillars and slugs, dipterous insects and their larvae (flies, gadflies, horse flies) that harm domestic animals, May beetles, and in steppe areas - various locusts. For this, he can be forgiven for attacks on cherries, grapes and other berries in the fall. Considering the benefits of the starling in agriculture, it was settled in North America, where it multiplied and spread greatly.
2.7. Practical work.
Materials
- Not planed dry boards, preferably hardwood (birch, aspen, alder, etc.). You cannot use compressed wood (chipboard, fibreboard, etc.) as it is toxic and short-lived.
- Nails 4-4.5 cm long
- Gray or red odorless paint
Tools
- Wood hacksaw
- Hammer
- Drill with feather bit
- Narrow chisel
- Pencil and ruler
- Brush
Birdhouse dimensions
- The boards must be at least 2 cm thick so that the walls retain heat well
- Optimal internal size: square bottom 10-15 cm. Natural hollow 12x12 cm, so use these dimensions as a guide
- Taphole diameter (hole) 4.5-5 cm
- The distance from the tap hole to the bottom is 15-20 cm
- The height of the birdhouse is 30-35 cm.
- It is better to make the taphole cylindrical rather than rectangular
- The design should not injure birds - make the roof removable to care for the birdhouse
- The perch is not necessary, starlings do not need it
- The inner walls must be unplaned - since it is very difficult to get out on a smooth surface. If the boards are smooth, then before assembling, apply horizontal notches on the front wall with a chisel.
- It is better not to paint the birdhouse, the smell and bright color scare away birds, but if you really want to, then paint it with gray or red odorless paint
The top canopy must protrude at least 5 cm to protect the entrance from bad weather
2.8. Economic calculations.
Cost item | Cost, rub.) | Quantity (pcs.) | Total rubles |
Not planed dry boards | 1 (cut into 6 parts) | ||
Nails 4-4.5 cm long. | |||
Gray or red odorless paint. | 25% banks | ||
Copier paper, paint | 15 sheets | ||
Discs | 1 (SD-R) | ||
Wood saw. | Depreciation | Depreciation |
|
Hammer. | |||
Drill with a feather drill. | |||
Narrow chisel. | |||
TOTAL | 195 rubles |
2.9 . Manufacturing stages.
We need to produce 7 parts of the following sizes:
From a board 20cm wide - parts 25-30cm long - 3 pieces (front and back walls and the upper part of the birdhouse lid)
From a board 15cm wide - parts 25-30cm long - 2 pieces (side walls of the birdhouse)
From a board 15cm wide - parts 15-16cm long - 2 pieces (the bottom of the birdhouse and the lower part of the lid).
The length of these parts = 20 cm - (2 x thickness of the boards).
1. Using a square and a pencil, measure the birdhouse part.
2. Then we saw off the part using a hacksaw.
Marking and sawing of parts must be done sequentially so that paired parts are the same size.
3. A hole should be drilled in the front wall - a tap hole with a diameter of 50 mm. The starling will enter its house through this hole.
To prevent the cat from reaching the nest with the chicks with its paw, the hole should be placed at a distance of 5 cm from the top edge.
4. In the front and back walls of the birdhouse, we drill holes with a diameter of 4 mm for self-tapping screws along the entire perimeter of the wall at a distance of 1 cm from the edge. 2-3 holes per side are enough.
Birdhouse assembly procedure:
1. Screw the front wall to the right side wall of the birdhouse.
2. Similarly, screw the back wall to the left side wall of the birdhouse.
3. We connect the resulting two parts with self-tapping screws to each other, making sure to try on the bottom of the birdhouse and the lower part of the lid.
4. Place it in its place and secure the bottom of the birdhouse to all four walls.
5. Connect the lower part of the birdhouse lid with the upper part. The center of the lower part should be offset from the center of the upper part by 5 cm to form a visor.
6. Insert the lid into the birdhouse body and secure it on the sides.
Since the birdhouse needs to be cleaned of old nests once every 2 years, it is enough to secure the lid with only two self-tapping screws.
3. Technological map.
Making a birdhouse |
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children | p/p | Operation | Sketch | Tools, devices |
Select a workpiece (25x205x720mm) and plan the base seam. | Workbench, ruler |
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O to the base layer. | Workbench, plane, square |
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Square, ruler, pencil. |
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Workbench, plane, square |
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Reismus. |
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Workbench, plane |
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Square, ruler, pencil. |
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Workbench, sandpaper |
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Drill 4 holes∅ 10 mm, according to markings | ∅ 10 mm |
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Plan the base edge at a 90° angle to the base face. | ||||
Mark the workpiece in width. | Square, ruler, pencil. |
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Sew the second edge to the marking line. | Workbench, plane, square |
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Mark the workpiece by thickness. | Reismus. |
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Plan the second seam to the marking line. | Workbench, plane |
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Mark the workpiece along its length. | Square, ruler, pencil. |
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Cut the workpiece, maintaining the marking line | Workbench, hacksaw, fixture (stop) |
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Drill 2 holes∅ 10 mm, ∅ 35 mm, according to markings | Ruler, pencil, brace, drill∅ 10 mm, ∅ 35 mm |
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Clean the ends and edges, sand the faces. | Workbench, sandpaper |
Select a workpiece (25x225x420mm) | Workbench, ruler. |
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Plan the base edge at a 90 degree angle O to the base layer. | Workbench, plane, square |
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Mark the workpiece in width. | Square, ruler, pencil. |
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Sew the second edge to the marking line. | Workbench, plane, square |
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Mark the workpiece by thickness. | Reismus. |
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Plan the second seam to the marking line. | Workbench, plane |
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Mark the workpiece along its length. | Square, ruler, pencil. |
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Cut the workpiece, maintaining the marking line | Workbench, hacksaw, fixture (stop) |
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Clean the ends and edges, sand the faces. | Workbench, sandpaper |
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Select a workpiece (25x205x250mm) | Workbench, ruler. |
Plan the base edge at a 90 degree angle O to the base layer. | Workbench, plane, square |
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Mark the workpiece in width. | Square, ruler, pencil. |
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Sew the second edge to the marking line. | Workbench, plane, square |
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Mark the workpiece by thickness. | Reismus. |
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Plan the second seam to the marking line. | Workbench, plane |
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Mark the workpiece along its length. | Square, ruler, pencil. |
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Cut the workpiece, maintaining the marking line | Workbench, hacksaw, fixture (stop) |
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Clean the ends and edges, sand the faces. | Workbench, sandpaper |
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Select a workpiece (25x205x240mm) | Workbench, ruler. |
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Plan the base edge at a 90 degree angle O to the base layer. | Workbench, plane, square |
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Mark the workpiece in width. | Reismus. |
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Plan the second seam to the marking line. | Workbench, plane |
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Mark the workpiece along its length. | Square, ruler, pencil. |
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Cut the workpiece, maintaining the marking line | Workbench, hacksaw, fixture (stop) |
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Clean the ends and edges, sand the faces. | Workbench, sandpaper |
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Connect the parts together with nails. | Nails, hammer. |
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Check the quality of the product. |
- Conclusion.
Having finished my project, I can say that I want to continue helping birds. My classmates and I decided to start a new project “Bird Feeder”, which will serve:
- Active inclusion of every child in the life of local society - designing history - I create history with my life!
- Creating conditions for the formation of value meanings of life.
I believe that I fulfilled the goal set for me, and the project turned out to be good, informative and interesting, and most importantly – useful!
4. List of references.
1. Golovanova E.N. Birds over the fields. - L. 19892. Dmitriev Yu.D. Neighbors on the planet. Birds. - M. 19983. Lyulin A.S. Reserve. - M. 1983
4. Mikheev A.V. Field guide to bird nests. - M. 1975
5. Textbook “Technology” (boys) 5th grade. M. 2013
6. Brave V.M. Atlas-identifier of birds. - M. 2006
Preview:
Problem formulation. Make a model of a tank with your own hands from wood, which would not be expensive and would look very beautiful, so that my collection would be complete and include a lot of equipment.
Information about the project. The model serves as a decorative item. The model is designed to decorate a room. The product consists of 7 parts: tracks 22x2.5x5 (2 pieces) hull 20x7x3.5 (1 piece) turret 8x6x5 (1 piece) barrel 13x1 (1 piece) hatch 2x2 (1 piece) Approximate production time is 4 hours. The product can be coated with varnish, paints
Product drawing.
Product sketch Side view of the product, Top view of the product, Front view of the product
tracks 22x2.5x5 (2 pcs.) hull 20x7x3.5 (1 pc.) turret 8x6x5 (1 pc.) barrel 13x1 (1 pc.) hatch 2x2 (1 pc.)
Alternative options.
Logistics support. Materials: Beam 40x10x15 (2 pcs.) Rail 13x1. Tools: Jigsaw, saw, file, sandpaper.
Manufacturing technology. 1. Cut out the tracks - 22x2.5x5 (2 pcs.) 2. Cut out the hull - 20x7x3.5 (1 pc.) 3. Cut out the turret - 8x6x5 (1 pc.) 4. Cut out the trunk - 13x1 (1 pc.) 5. Cut out the hatch - 2x2x1 (1 pc.) 6. Cut a 0.5 hole in the tower. 7. Glue the tracks to the body. 8.Glue the barrel to the turret. 9.Glue the hatch to the tower. 10.Glue the turret and hull together.
Economic justification. 1. Material costs. Beam 40x10x15 (2 pcs.) - 100 rub. Rake 13x1-50rub. PVA glue 20g - 30rub (20g spent) Sandpaper - 15cmx15cm - 10rub Varnish 20ml - 15rub 2. Labor costs. Student work hour – 10 rubles. Spent 4 hours - 4x10 = 40 rubles. 3.Cost. Material costs + Labor costs. 100 rubles + 50 rubles + 30 rubles + 10 rubles + 40 rubles + 15 rubles = 365 rubles In the store, tank models cost 900-1000 rubles.
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Project using the “Birdhouse” technology Teacher: Lyakhovich A. A. The work was also completed by students of the 6th grade of the MBOU “Gymnasium No. 27” named after Hero of the Soviet Union V. E. Smirnov: Samukevich Daniil, Rusakov Roman
Selection and justification of the project Stage I. Selecting a topic, target settings. We decided to call our project “Living space for starlings”. The goal of our work: to attract the attention of students, parents, and the public to the problem of increasing the number of birdhouses in their hometown.
Problem formulation q Stage II. Discussion; resource assessment; selection of content, methods and means. Firstly, we decided to collect and study diagrams and drawings for building houses for starlings. We need this information to make birdhouses. The school library staff will help us select the necessary literature. We will use Internet resources. Secondly, you need to calculate the number of birdhouses in the vicinity of the gymnasium. To do this, we ourselves will conduct a survey of gymnasium students and area residents and summarize the results. Thirdly, ask technology teacher Lyakhovich A.A. about the technology of making a birdhouse.
Common Starling In our country, there are 6 species of starlings belonging to 4 genera. The most famous of them is the common starling, or shpak. It inhabits mainly the zone of broad-leaved and mixed forests of Europe and Western Asia east to Lake Baikal
Product information Stage III. Project development: collection, discussion, synthesis, analysis of information; development of an action plan. The product “Birdhouse” can be used as a home for birds in winter and for sheltering spring birds. It can also be considered as an object of art and decorated. n We analyzed and systematized the information received from book sources and Internet resources about schemes and drawings for building houses for starlings . n Materials n not planed dry boards, preferably hardwood (birch, aspen, alder, etc.). You cannot use compressed wood (chipboard, fibreboard, etc.), it is toxic and short-lived. n nails 4 -4.5 cm long or screws. n Tools n wood saw; n hammer; n drill with a feather drill; n narrow chisel; n pencil and ruler;
Logistics of the project Materials: Edged board 15 cm wide - 1.5 m and edged board 20 cm wide 1.5 m Tools: hacksaw, sandpaper, rasp Equipment: jigsaw.
Manufacturing technology No. Sequence of actions Equipment and tools 1. Make a drawing of the product Pencil, ruler and a blank sheet of paper 2. Saw the board Jigsaw 3. Mark the hole and drill Drilling machine 4. Treat the product with sandpaper Sandpaper 5. Assemble the product Screwdriver 6. Coat product with varnish Varnish and brush
Economic justification 1. Material costs: n Bar 370 x 36 mm - 40 rubles. n Sandpaper - 6 rubles. n Varnish - 8 rub. 2. 3 labor costs: n 1 hour of student work - 30 rubles. n Making a product on a lathe - 2 hours n 2 x 30 = 60 rubles. 3. Electricity costs: n 1 hour of work on a lathe - 0.4 kW/h n Worked on a lathe - 1.8 x 0.4 = 0.72(kW/h) n 1 kW/h - 2. 3 rub. - cost of electricity n Electricity costs 1.68 rubles. 4. Cost: n Material costs + Labor costs + Electricity costs = 54 + 60 + 1.68 = 116 rubles.
Environmental justification for the project The birdhouse is made from environmentally friendly materials. It is coated with natural wood varnish. n it is better to make the tapholes round rather than rectangular; n the design should not injure birds - make the roof removable to care for the birdhouse; n the perch is not necessary, starlings do not need it; n the inner walls must be unplaned - since it is very difficult to get out on a smooth surface. If the boards are smooth, then before assembling, apply horizontal notches on the front wall with a chisel. n It is better not to paint the birdhouse; the smell and bright color scare away the birds.
Result of the project n n We held an environmental festival “Meeting bird friends!” in order to attract adults and students to the problem of a responsible attitude towards the natural resources of their native land, and increase environmental protection activities. And most importantly, we made a decision: every year in the spring to hang birdhouses in our hometown so that the birds will delight us with their songs and protect our green spaces. The bird knows where to settle, If fear does not drive it away. Let him not be afraid to nest in our groves and gardens. Let's take care of the birds, guys, and provide protection for the nests!
