Sewerage

Warehouse logistics department functions. Transport and warehouse logistics

These are such that companies operating in this area have to comply with fairly stringent requirements in order to “stay afloat” and not let their competitors get ahead of them.

The constant pressure of the economic crisis and permanent competition against the backdrop of growing demands to improve the quality of services provided force many companies to pay increased attention to such aspects as transport and warehouse logistics. This greatly simplifies the task of maintaining already occupied market positions and ensures access to a new, more advanced level of development of the organization.

Properly organized transport and warehouse logistics is an excellent tool that ensures the stable prosperity of the company, access to new markets and a steady increase in the number of clients. This is an essential element of a modern strategic strategy which is confirmed by the experience of successful international enterprises. Efficient transport and warehouse logistics lead to increased profits even in poor economic conditions - and this alone arouses genuine respect for it. Let's take a closer look at both of these areas. Let's start with the supply of raw materials and shipment of finished products.

Managers responsible for transport logistics calculate the best route for the transport used by the enterprise, select the type of transport that is optimal for a given distance and a specific cargo, and determine its load. All this is especially important for domestic conditions: our traffic jams in large cities and huge distances have long ceased to be surprising. The use of transport logistics calculations greatly reduces overall costs and, therefore, leads to increased income.

Warehouse logistics, in turn, deals with the issues of rational placement of warehouses in a certain region or country. It is especially important for enterprises with a developed branch network, operating using their own or rented warehouse space. In addition, warehouse logistics is responsible for resolving all issues related to the organization of warehouse operations: release and acceptance of goods, unloading and loading, distribution of storage areas, etc.

In principle, any enterprise, using an accounting program that is most suitable for its field of activity, can independently establish all internal processes related to cargo transportation and the efficient use of premises for storing its goods. However, if the enterprise is small, it is beneficial for it to use the warehouse logistics services of a third-party company. This allows you to save costs and trust professionals who have extensive experience in this field.

Many logistics companies, in addition to loading and unloading operations, secure storage of goods, order picking, also offer potential clients the disposal of defective materials, generation of reports on the movement of goods in the warehouse, cargo handling, etc.

Thus, any company can use the warehousing services of professional organizations located near important

You may hear "warehouse" and "distribution center" used interchangeably, but technically, a warehouse provides nothing more than storage. On the other hand, it stores the product but also fulfills orders.

Warehousing elements work deeper, penetrating inventory management, supply chain management, cost control, human resources, risk and safety management, among other factors. So how can you achieve the flexibility to remain competitive while maintaining adequate offerings to please customers, while still maintaining enough control to protect your bottom line? These are the questions facing warehouses today.

In an ideal supply chain, warehouses have no place. However, no supply chain is perfect, so warehousing is essential to maintaining an efficient, continuous flow of materials and goods from source to point of use. Because it is such a critical activity, knowledge of warehousing is important for anyone involved in operations or supply chain management.

What is warehouse logistics

To define warehouse logistics, you must first understand the meaning of logistics itself. In the simplest possible terms, logistics can be defined as the detailed planning, organization, management and implementation of complex operations. In many industries, including warehousing, logistics also extends to the flow of both physical goods and information.

Thus, warehouse logistics covers all the diverse, complex factors, organization, movement and management, that is, it is involved in warehousing. This includes the flow (shipping and receiving) of physical inventory as well as the flow of more abstract goods including information and time.

Warehouse logistics can also cover everything related to warehouse control, handling of damaged goods, safety policies, human resource management, and customer returns. In other words, warehouse logistics includes all the policies, procedures and organizational tools required for warehouse operations.

A warehouse provides a central location for receiving, storing and distributing products. As each incoming shipment is received, the warehouse personnel are responsible for handing over the products, the products are identified, sorted and sent to their temporary storage location. Storage is not a static "thing" but a process that involves security measures and maintaining an environment that preserves the integrity and usefulness of the items. Once it's time to move items, each order is retrieved, grouped, packaged and checked for completeness before heading to its new destination.

Warehouses provide economies of scale through efficient operations, storage capacity, and central locations. Economic benefits are realized, for example, through consolidation and accumulation operations. Consolidation transactions reduce outbound delivery costs for both the business and its customers. Instead of shipping items individually from multiple sources, items are delivered to a central warehouse, packaged together and shipped back as a complete order. Accumulation operations allow the warehouse to act as a buffer, balancing supply and demand for seasonal and long-term storage. This can be important to the profitability of a business when the product is in demand all year round, but the product may only be available at certain times.

Warehouses can serve as part of a contingency plan to ensure outbound orders are full and on time. A practice called secure warehousing allows businesses to maintain a predetermined number of inventory items in their warehouse. An emergency situation such as a transportation delay or shipment with defective or damaged items will not delay the delivery order.

Goals

The logistics process from suppliers to customers and inventory movements optimizes all warehousing operations. Typically, these systems have always been part of much larger and more complex distribution functions. Executing logistics allows an organization to improve its competitive advantage by minimizing labor costs, improving customer service, inventory accuracy, flexibility, and mobility.

The logistics process allows a firm to manage inventory in real time with data as it exists, such as the last order, shipping or receiving, and any movement between them. Here are some of the many logistics process objectives to consider for a logistics business:

Fast inventory turnover. Good warehouse management software can minimize lead times by organizing product movement and increasing the reliability of inventory records.
Use of halls. The logistics process regularly improves the available warehouse space by systematically and efficiently placing products in relation to sea freight. This improved efficiency can truly improve productivity and significantly reduce storage costs.
Reducing the number of paper documents. Executing the logistics process can greatly minimize the paperwork that is typically associated with warehouse functions, while also ensuring a timely and perfect flow of resources and information. All information that is traditionally maintained as hard copies, such as tickets, packing slips, etc., can now be maintained digitally.
Faster cycle counting. Businesses can use the warehouse logistics process to replace relevant data such as specific locations, regularity of movement, etc. so that they can plan staffing correctly. Not only do these numbers improve the accuracy of inventory records for future planning purposes, but they can also significantly eradicate or minimize the need for expensive inventories. By streamlining processes directly from product ordering to shipment, businesses can more efficiently and accurately find product availability and exact delivery dates.
Increased labor productivity. The system helps optimize material flow mainly by integrating different options.

However, understanding what features to look for can help you choose the right one. Necessary things such as business size, product output, etc. that one would like to offer to its clients are some of the parameters that will help determine the type of warehouse system chosen.

If you have friends in other companies that have implemented a logistics process, you can ask them what systems they use for their business. You can also attend seminars and trade shows to understand the wide range of systems available in the country.

The goal of a logistics system is to reduce product delivery cycle times, reduce costs and, most importantly, improve service. Warehousing increases the useful value of goods. Activities such as order consolidation, order picking, product mixing and cross-docking that take place within a warehouse structure also add value to the entire logistics system.

Functions

Warehouse logistics functions usually include steps on how to manage the logistics process:

receipt and export of inventories;
examination and verification of the admission process;
safety of goods;
reserves examination;
documentation control;
process rejected material;
disposal of obsolete and non-recyclable materials.

Many features will be common across products, including:

A warehouse design that allows organizations to customize operating logic and sampling to ensure the warehouse is designed to optimize resource allocation. It maximizes storage space and accounts for inventory variances.
Inventory tracking, which allows for the use of tracking processes involving identification, information capture and barcode scanners to ensure that an item can be easily found when needed.
Receiving and holding, which allows stocking and retrieving to help warehouse workers locate products.
Collection and packaging of goods. Floor workers use zoning and task rotation features to most efficiently handle picking and packing.
Shipping, which allows you to send pre-shipment labels, create packing slips and invoices for shipment, and send delivery notifications to recipients.
Workforce management, which helps warehouse managers monitor worker performance using key performance indicators that indicate workers performing above or below standards.
Dock management that helps truck drivers enter the warehouse to find the stations they need.
A report that helps you analyze the performance of your logistics process and identify areas for improvement.
Connected techniques and sensors help organizations ensure productivity and ship the right amount of product at the right price.

Such data can be integrated to move goods from receiving to final station. This integration allows organizations to develop traction-based supply chains. Pull-based supply chains are driven by customer demand, allowing the organization to be more flexible, while impulse-based supply chains are driven by long-term forecasts of customer demand.

Warehouse types

Storage rooms can be of several types:

Commercial hall.
Government or state.
Transit hall.
Bonded halls.
Open storage.
Company owned spaces.
Ready-made warehouse halls where there are no structures.

In addition to distribution center warehouses, some companies may also have manufacturing warehouses that are used solely to smooth the flow of incoming materials into production. Some industries also use warehousing facilities.

Logistics processes come in different types and implementation methods, and the type depends on the size and nature. They may be stand-alone systems, modules in a larger enterprise resource planning system, or a supply chain execution suite.

They can also vary widely in complexity. Some companies use a series of printed documents or spreadsheet files, but most large organizations run software. Some installations are designed specifically for organizational size, and many vendors have versions of products that can scale to different organizational sizes. Logistics processes fit into the overall supply chain.

Warehouse elements

Whether the goal is strict storage and delivery of orders, warehouses use certain elements that help manufacturers, distributors and retailers control inventory and store it safely. An overview of the main elements includes:

Shelving and shelving systems that provide maximum storage capacity and easy access to products.
Climate control system for product storage. This is especially important for frozen foods or those that require refrigeration, including some pharmaceutical or laboratory products, and others that deteriorate when exposed to too much heat.
Inventory management software that reports product ownership.
Equipment that can move products from point A to point B: forklifts, pallets, bins that contain products, and conveyor belts.
Delivery of supplies to fulfill the order. People loading products into a warehouse and others who fill orders in a true distribution center.
Security to protect stored products.
Access cost-effective transportation to deliver or move products to order. This often means easy access to interstates, rail lines or airports.

How to improve warehouse logistics

Advanced logistics processes provide real-time visibility into your warehouse and enable you to use the necessary tools to manage your warehouse efficiently and profitably. Indeed, this is not only a surefire way to improve warehouse logistics, but also a necessity in today's warehousing. Logistics processes, more than inventory management, control all warehouse logistics. Many today include mobile tools so warehouse managers and employees can consult the system on the go using a smartphone. The end-to-end system also integrates traditional management tools with warehouse management systems to create warehouse-wide synergies and improve overall logistics, from inventory receipt to delivery.

Steps to control the flow of resources and efficiency of warehouse logistics:

Keeping items in storage with better inventory flow. Throughout the order fulfillment process, companies are required to ensure optimal warehouse efficiency through proper flow control. Warehouse management is at the core of an effective transportation management strategy, and an ineffective system with errors results in poor delivery procedures, poor customer satisfaction. Companies must also consider the potential impact of shipment arrivals and storage capacity. An overcrowded warehouse leads to misplaced product in unusual slots and lost costs.
Automated data collection. Some companies believe that pen and paper can track inventory movements. However, the sheer volume of today's warehouse management processes has made handwritten tracking procedures obsolete. The same problem exists when manually entering information into computers and electronic delivery systems. Although such methods still exist, they can be easily misunderstood and misinterpreted. As a result, subsequent delivery processes for a given order become disorganized and inaccurate. Modern warehouse management requires barcodes or RFID (to automatically track and collect item data). This eliminates the possibility of human error when transcribing information manually. When automatic data collection appeared, the cost of implementing such technology exceeded the possible losses from errors. However, automated data collection has become more accessible and efficient in the global economy. Automation has a significant return on investment when a warehouse makes the transition. The initial changes will be challenging, but will reduce costs and improve overall facility performance. Introducing an innovative logistics process involves different expectations and motivations from different stakeholders. Business owners and logistics operators/managers are looking for quick ROI. Warehouse managers expect the new system to be user-friendly to make work easier by eliminating inefficient processes and poor practices. Warehouse employees expect their jobs to be easier, with fewer errors, but without their jobs being threatened. The challenge for the logistics process provider is to clearly communicate and manage expectations from the outset to support employees at all levels.
Transaction-based resource flow. Each movement throughout the warehouse presents the opportunity to lose track of inventory, cause an order error, or lead to additional selection errors. Every movement from arrival to placement of goods must produce a transaction. Transactions are commonly misunderstood to reflect the sale of goods. However, warehouse transactions allow you to track product movements and status during order fulfillment.
Arrival time. All goods must arrive at the station at the same time as the truck arrives. Many projects' implementation of the logistics process does not meet their schedules. This issue can be considered as a project risk. This is often the result of poor planning and unexpected obstacles. A flexible, realistic implementation plan allows space and time in the schedule for unexpected events and can therefore accommodate them.
Acquisition procedures. In warehouse management, better inventory flow requires forecasting and managing orders that have not yet arrived. The collectors, who may be human or robotic, must plan for the next wave of collection. If an upcoming surge causes an outage in one part of the warehouse, assemblers should be diverted from lower priority assemblies to the surge area.
System requests for replenishment. As orders move through order fulfillment, the slots will gradually become empty. When a product item falls below standard levels, the system must generate an order to the manufacturer. However, this generated order must take into account whether the product will be in demand in the coming weeks. This will help account for fluctuations in inventory flow as customer demands ebb and flow throughout the year.
Compliance programs. While an ideal warehouse would focus on incoming product from a single supplier, modern trade involves hundreds or thousands of potential suppliers. A supplier compliance program allows warehouse managers to ensure that all inventory reaches the facility at the correct time, in the correct quantity, and is packaged appropriately. Therefore, communication between the supplier and the site is an important part of the advance notice.
Returns management. Returns are an integral part of any warehouse management strategy, regardless of efficiency and implementation of best practices. Customers may decide to return an item due to buyer's remorse. However, the distribution center or warehouse views this as an additional cost. To ensure efficiency and accurate inventory management, all returns must be carefully reviewed for resale value, required repairs, or return to manufacturer.
Risk reduction. Risk reduction is an integral part of the implementation of the logistics process. The main goal is to assess the risks that may arise as a result of implementation and take measures to minimize them. The experience of the team in implementing the logistics process in the supplier's system is of paramount importance. An experienced WMS provider installation team will be immersed in experience with a variety of warehousing scenarios, and the processes can introduce a wide range of risks. The more experienced the client and service provider involved in the project, the lower the risk to the project.
Business overview. A business review at the beginning of a logistics process project allows both parties to discuss, analyze and understand how the warehouse operates and what the warehouse needs are. The types of problems that should arise are weaknesses in the current logistics process, risks and expectations. The implementation schedule and process should be built around a business review.
Team formation. To implement a WMS, two teams are required: a development team and a team of customer warehouse managers. Choosing the right team can make the difference between success and failure. The process is more complex than simply selecting the best personnel. Issues such as communication between customer representatives and implementation team leaders are critical to the success of the logistics process setup.
Design and customization. The logistics process installation design is developed based on the above business review, and existing software is customized to meet customer needs. The more flexible the future WMS, the less customization is required. Minimizing customization is usually one of the keys to a successful project. While most logistics processes are built to industry standards, changes may be required in the way the warehouse operates. Risks and expectations must be addressed accordingly.
Education. During design and configuration, future users of the system must undergo training. It typically offers two days of training for customer warehouse staff. This is important to ease the transition from one logistics process to another. The success of the implementation depends largely on the ability of users to process the new system.
Data. Part of implementing a new WMS involves transferring warehouse data from one system to another. This means that the entire database used by the old system to control the process must be adapted to the data schema and terminology of the new system. Additionally, missing data must be added and the data must be modified to suit the new system requirements.
Testing. Testing is usually performed using real warehouse data, comparing the results of executing warehouse processes in both systems. Various warehousing scenarios are run and design errors are recorded by the logistics process provider. Configuration errors are also resolved by the WMS provider's development team.
Deployment. After testing and modification, the implementation of the logistics process reaches the critical stage of deployment. On an agreed date, an accurate snapshot of the storage data is loaded into the new WMS database and work begins on the new system. Sometimes both systems use certain processes simultaneously to ensure data accuracy.
Support. Working with a newly implemented warehouse management system often reveals problems that were not addressed during implementation. Support is an important part of a successful project because the complexity of a logistics process project always requires solving problems that arise during operation. This is where the cloud logistics process provider is created. It offers a software-as-a-service model whereby, through monthly billing subscriptions, the customer warehouse has managed service at its disposal twenty-four hours a day.

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MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE

RUSSIAN FEDERATION

FEDERAL STATE AUTONOMOUS EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION OF HIGHER PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION

"NOVOSIBIRSK NATIONAL RESEARCH STATE UNIVERSITY"

Faculty of Economics

Department of Modeling and Industrial Production Management

Course work

Transport and warehouse logistics

Novosibirsk - 2014

Introduction

In modern market conditions, companies need to focus not only on their own interests, but also on the interests of their consumers. This desire should be expressed in maximum satisfaction of consumer demands. Satisfying the needs of the buyer means a combination of a decent level of quality of goods and services and other consumer properties. But also an important factor is the cost of goods and services, which depends on the level of costs arising during their production and sale. Research shows that, as a rule, service costs range from 20-50% of the cost of sales. Reducing these costs is possible only by using various logistics methods directly throughout the entire cycle of movement of goods and services. As a result, the level of service costs can be reduced while maintaining a constant or higher level of quality.

The issues of using logistics in various sectors of the economy are covered in sufficient detail in the works of Russian scientists. The conclusions and recommendations of this work, all information used, are based on the experience accumulated by foreign and domestic specialists in the field of logistics. These works reflect the laws of the developed market, but, as a rule, do not take into account the specifics of the functioning of Russian enterprises. An analysis of domestic and foreign research shows that to date, a holistic concept of logistics services for consumers has not yet been developed.

Logistics, due to its versatility and great importance for enterprises, requires further development in relation to the conditions of the Russian economy. First of all, this relates to questions about the object and subject of quality management of logistics services, vertical and horizontal interactions in the management system, forms of activation and integration of the efforts of employees of the logistics service of enterprises. The logistics approach requires modern methodology, new models for describing objects and methods for making management decisions. Today in domestic science there is a certain lack of practical developments on the problem under study.

The main ways of research and methods of analyzing problems of the efficiency of the transport and warehouse system of an enterprise were laid down in Western science. Among these researchers, it is worth noting Peters T., Waterman R.V., Parkinson S.N., Parsons T., Rawls J., Iacocca L.

Modern Russian researchers also address the problems of the efficiency of drawing up logistics systems and the analysis of the transport and warehouse system of an enterprise. Among them should be named V.I. Sergeev, V.V. Dybskaya, B.A. Anikina, N.N. Gromova, A.M. Perepelyuk, N.L. Zakharova, A.L. Kuznetsova, V. M. Kurganova.

The subject of the study is the company’s transport and warehouse system

The object of study of this course work is an analysis of the effectiveness of compiling logistics systems and the transport and warehouse system of the Bee Logistics company. The logistics company "Bi Logistic" works with goods from the FMCG sector (Fast Moving Consumer Goods - fast-moving consumer goods), specializing in the transportation and storage of products in the North-West region and Siberia. It has representative offices in St. Petersburg, Voronezh and Novosibirsk.

The purpose of this course work is to analyze the transport and warehouse efficiency of an enterprise using the example of the Bee Logistics company.

According to the goal, the following tasks can be distinguished:

1. Characteristics of transport and logistics processes in the economy.

2. Analysis of the transport and warehouse system of the Bi Logistic company.

3. Research of the main directions of optimization of transport and warehouse operations.

1. The role of transport and warehouse processes in the economy

1.1 Problems of joint planning of transport and warehouse processes

Logistics processes are integrated in nature and extend from the moment the need for a product arises until it is satisfied. One of the most important principles of logistics functioning is a systematic approach. All types of logistics activities must certainly be coordinated, planned and managed as a whole. Processes related to the execution of various functions together determine opportunities to reduce overall costs.

In this work we will explore such functional areas of logistics as transportation, warehousing and their integration.

Modern industrial society cannot be imagined without an effective transport system. The movement of products from the place of production to the place of consumption has become such an obvious fact that we have stopped wondering how this happens. In turn, transport and warehouse processes have a significant impact on society.

The efficient movement of material flows affects the economic interests of both producers and consumers. Transport becomes part of the management of the production and sale of goods, since the reproduction process involves meeting the current needs of customers. The development of market relations stimulates the development of production processes, and this leads to an increase in the number of transport connections and stricter requirements for its reliability. Nikiforov V.V. Logistics. Transport and warehouse in the supply chain

Also in the logistics concept, an important factor is the availability of warehouses. They are necessary to mitigate the impact of uneven cycles of production, consumption and possible disruptions during transportation.

Upon entering the warehouse, material flows move from a dynamic state to a static one, and vice versa with further movement to sales markets. Along with the function of converting material flows, it is necessary to name such significant warehouse functions as:

Formation of reserves of raw materials, semi-finished products, finished products;

Storage and preparation for use of material flows in the process of their movement from a producing object to a consumer object;

Providing logistics services in the business service system, which consists of: increasing the rhythm and synchronicity of production and transport operations; improving the use of enterprise territories; reducing vehicle downtime and total logistics costs; releasing workers from unproductive loading, unloading and warehouse work, etc. Preserving the quality of products for their further use for their intended purpose. Nikiforov V.V. Logistics. Transport and warehouse in the supply chain

In the system of logistics processes, the main tasks of warehouses are:

1. Ensuring the rational functioning of warehouse processes with minimal costs for performing logistics operations.

2. Effective operation of all components of the warehouse (warehouse areas, handling and processing equipment, access roads, etc.).

3. Identification and mobilization of excess, unused material assets.

4. Providing timely and complete information on the dynamics of changes in reserves.

The operation of modern storage systems is characterized by a noticeable complication of functioning processes. Increasing concentration, deepening specialization and integration of warehousing with transport and main production suggest the growing importance of warehouses in the logistics system.

In the logistics process, two limiting factors can be distinguished - these are the factors of time and space, which determine their transport and warehouse. Creating time utility through warehousing involves storing products until they are required by the end consumer. When transporting, the time factor is to quickly and efficiently bring the product to the buyer.

The spatial factor is that producers and consumers are usually located at some distance from each other. By connecting them, transport and warehouse allow manufacturers to expand the boundaries of production and distribute their goods further and further, despite significant distances.

Not having products at the right time and in the right place can have serious consequences. These include failed sales, loss of consumer confidence and production stoppages - violations are possible at any stage of the reproduction of logistics processes.

All of the above explains the need for joint planning of transport and warehouse processes. However, it is important to remember that the integration process is inseparable from other processes occurring in the organization, and they, in turn, can hinder integration. In traditional practice, such obstacles often arise in connection with the organizational structure, performance measurement system, information technology and the knowledge sharing system that has developed in the organization. Donald J. Bowersox, David J. Cross “Logistics. Integrated Supply Chain" 2nd ed./ JSC "Olympus-Business" Moscow 2005

Established organizational structures in business are the main obstacle to any cross-functional processes. In most cases, it is customary for an enterprise to distribute powers and responsibilities along functional lines. Groups of workers form functional units based on their specialization and the type of work performed. The warehouse and transport departments operate on the same principle. Each such division is primarily interested in improving its own performance. And because integration processes involve the interaction of functional areas, the traditional organizational structure acts as a limiting factor. Many people believe that superior performance of individual elements guarantees overall superior results. However, to improve the efficiency of logistics activities, it is necessary to promote the coordination of individual processes.

The next limiting factor for cross-functional coordination is the traditional performance appraisal system. It is directly related to the organizational structure of the enterprise, because The traditional reward system is built on a functional basis. In order to ensure the success of integration processes, it is necessary to create and use new assessment systems that will help employees perceive their activities as components of a single whole and direct their efforts to reduce overall costs.

A key factor in any type of interaction is the availability of complete and reliable information. Typically, each functional department creates its own database, which, as a rule, is of little use at the cross-functional level. In the absence of common data banks, information technologies act as a barrier to integration processes.

The last factor hindering integration logistics is the inability of most organizations to establish a system of knowledge exchange between employees. The unification of individual areas occurs with the participation of a large number of people. And the lack of knowledge sharing can complicate and delay this process.

competitiveness goods distribution transport warehouse

1.2 The role of transport and warehouse logistics in increasing the competitiveness of commercial enterprises

An important motive for establishing strong connections between the components of the logistics system is to increase the competitiveness of the enterprise as a whole.

The functioning of logistics principles in an enterprise can significantly increase labor productivity not only in the sphere of circulation, but also in the sphere of production. The use of transport and warehouse logistics makes it possible to reduce inventories at all stages of the movement of material resources, reduce the travel time of goods from manufacturer to consumer, reduce transportation costs and the costs of cargo handling operations. According to experts, in the United States since the beginning of the 80s, half of the annual overall increase in labor productivity (5-6%) is achieved through the spread of the logistics concept. Protsenko O.D. Logistics is the most important factor in increasing the competitiveness of an organization // Russian Entrepreneurship. -- 2002. -- No. 10 (34).

According to such reasoning, the consideration of logistics as a way to increase the competitiveness of a company is becoming increasingly relevant. In this regard, there is a need to develop ways to control a set of indicators that characterize the relationship between logistics and the main economic and financial indicators of the enterprise.

Foreign economic literature notes that firms that have adopted the logistics concept and built their strategy on its basis have seen a significant improvement in the indicator reflecting the ratio of profit received from the sale of goods or services to invested capital (PIK - return on invested capital) Typically, invested capital is divided into fixed and working capital. This classification of capital is acceptable for the purpose of identifying the impact of logistics on it, since the logistics activities of firms concern both of these groups of capital. Firstly, the cost of elements of the logistics system - such as vehicles, loading and unloading mechanisms, warehouses, etc., if they belong to the company, is part of its fixed capital. Secondly, logistics operations and decisions are closely related to various types of inventories, accounts receivable and cash, which are nothing more than working capital. . At the same time, the dual significance of logistics is pointed out, which consists in reducing costs and increasing the company’s share in the market Anikin B.A. Logistics. M., INFRA-M, 2002.

Transport and warehouse logistics has a significant impact on the formation of costs associated with the sale of goods. These include the costs of fulfilling orders, namely the costs of transporting and warehousing goods, their processing, packaging and additional supporting activities (for example, the provision of spare parts). Logistics allows companies to improve their market position by increasing their market share through efficient product offerings and competitive levels of service.

In modern business, characterized by fierce competition, logistics has begun to play one of the main roles in consumer service. In the West they even began to use the term “logistics service” in this sense. Service is becoming a decisive element of the marketing strategies of Western companies, further strengthening the interaction between logistics and marketing, a key factor in the competitiveness of an enterprise, since in conditions of fierce competition it is the level of service that turns out to be the main argument for the consumer. In modern conditions, achieving competitive advantages in service lies in providing more services and improving their quality. Fundamentals of logistics: Textbook. allowance / Ed. L. B. Mirotina and V. I. Sergeeva. -- M.: INFRA-M, 2000

Logistics acts as a link between such main areas of the company's activities as supply, production, marketing, distribution and sales organization. By rationally managing inventories and material flows, logistics helps reduce overall costs and lower prices for finished products, ultimately improving the company's strategic position in the market.

The success of any company is largely determined by marketing efforts. The action of which, according to the concept of the four Ps of the marketing mix, is based on the following fundamental ideas: to sell the product required by the buyer at a reasonable price, with its correct promotion in the right place (“product-price-promotion-place”). Logistics influences each of these elements, playing a particularly important role in getting a product to where it is needed.

The close relationship between logistics and marketing can be represented in the form of the following diagram, in which the “Seven R” means the logistics mix in the Western interpretation (ensuring the availability of the right product in the required quantity and given quality in the right place at the right time for a specific consumer at the lowest cost):

The principles of transport and warehouse logistics have the greatest impact on such elements as price and location.

Considering that the costs associated with bringing the product from the place of production to the place of consumption play an important role in pricing, logistics solutions for transportation have a significant impact on the implementation of the company’s pricing policy.

The level of customer service provided by an organization is supported by the costs incurred for the element in the marketing mix, such as location. It includes on-time delivery and stable performance of intermediate delivery of goods. Thus, money saved due to the effective functioning of transport and warehouse logistics can be used to improve marketing and increase the competitiveness of the organization.

Reduced logistics costs and a stronger marketing position through improved logistics systems can significantly improve the bottom line as reflected on the balance sheet.

2. Analysis of the enterprise’s transport and warehouse system

2.1 Transport and its place in logistics systems. Transport System Components

Transportation is an important component of the logistics process and supply chain management, so it requires effective management, which is especially true when an organization seeks to satisfy the needs of its customers and achieve acceptable rates of return on its investments. Effective and productive strategies are very important for both shippers and freight carriers. Shippers must have a thorough knowledge of the company's capabilities and bottlenecks in terms of inbound and outbound transportation, be able to select a mode of transport and carrier, enter into contracts with the right terms, analyze the activities of transport brokers, understand transportation options in-house, evaluate carrier performance, etc. .

In turn, carriers must also be experts in many areas, including marketing, pricing, negotiation, routing and dispatching, understanding customer demands and human resource management. James R. Stock, Douglas M. Lambert: Strategic Logistics Management; Moscow INFA-M, 2005

Often, transport services, supplemented by cargo handling operations, warehousing and other services, include the vast majority of types of logistics activities. Therefore, it is not surprising that many freight forwarding firms call themselves logistics firms or logistics operators, reflecting in form and substance the modern practice of material flows in supply chains.

According to the principles of operation of logistics systems, it is customary to distinguish between external and internal transportation. Internal or intra-production transportation involves the movement of goods between departments of one enterprise. External transportation means the transportation of products using mainline transport, serving the areas of procurement of material resources and distribution of finished products.

With the development of market relations, the concept of cargo transportation in our country has significantly transformed. The modern understanding of transport and logistics services as a service sector comes from the sphere related to industrial sectors of the economy. At the same time, modern transportation practice from the perspective of a logistics service can be briefly formulated as follows: “the right product of the required quality and quantity at a given time and at optimal costs.” Therefore, companies using transport services choose types of transport and transportation methods that can provide them with the best quality of logistics service.

In the structure of total logistics costs, transport costs make up a significant share (up to 50% A. M. Gadzhinsky. Logistics. Textbook. Moscow 2007), and therefore logistics management should pay increased attention to optimizing transportation solutions.

Transport plays a special role in the formation and development of logistics in our country. Domestic transport and forwarding enterprises involved in international cargo transportation were the first to feel the need to introduce modern logistics technologies for transportation and cargo processing. Large Russian public and private transport and forwarding companies began to actively create their own terminal networks, cargo distribution and logistics centers, information and computer support systems for logistics services. However, the potential of logistics in the transport complex is underutilized. The domestic transport and logistics service still has the following features and problems:

· high tariffs and increased competition from foreign firms;

· quality of logistics service does not meet international standards;

· low level of development of the production and technical base, transport service infrastructure, information systems to support the logistics process during transportation;

· lack of a unified innovation and investment policy;

· complexity and imperfection of existing document management systems and customs procedures for cargo clearance;

· low level of interaction and information communication between participants in the transportation process, terminals, warehouses, customs, other enterprises and consumers of their services;

· significant disunity of interests of partners in transport and logistics services;

· lack of a unified regulatory framework, modern laws in the field of transport logistics;

· lack of modern logistics technologies for transport and forwarding activities.

Transport services in modern conditions include not only the actual transportation of goods from supplier to consumer, but also a large number of forwarding, information and transaction operations, cargo handling services, insurance, security, etc. Therefore, transportation can be defined as a key logistics function associated with the movement of products by a certain vehicle or means, using a certain technology in the supply chain, and consisting, in turn, of logistics operations and functions, including forwarding, cargo handling, packaging, transfer of ownership of cargo, risk insurance, customs procedures, etc.

There are the following main types of transport: railway, sea, water (inland - river, sea), road, air, pipeline.

Each type of transport has specific features in relation to logistics management, its own advantages and disadvantages, which determine the possibilities of its use in the logistics system.

Let us analyze in more detail how transport services operate in modern conditions using the example of the Bee Logistics company.

Bee Logistic LLC offers a full range of services for organizing cargo transportation by road throughout Russia. The company specializes in transporting products from the FCMG sector, delivering goods to its clients to such chain stores as Metro, OKey, Lenta, Real, Spectrum, Auchan, and to the stores of the X5 Retail Group company N.V. (“Carousel”, “Pyaterochka”, “Perekrestok”) both in St. Petersburg and Novosibirsk, and in the cities of the North-Western and Siberian regions to more than 350 addresses.

The mobility and flexibility of vehicles allows the company to choose the optimal route depending on the client’s goals and preferences. Experts are developing an effective traffic scheme from an economic or time point of view for cargo transportation. Regardless of the volume of cargo, the company does everything necessary to deliver it to its destination as quickly as possible. Cargo transportation is carried out at any time, regardless of road congestion, traffic jams, and weather conditions. The transport company provides a high level of accuracy and caution when organizing transportation. To prove this, Bi Logistic provides cargo insurance, providing clients with additional guarantees in the field of transport logistics. Also, thanks to the use of technologies based on GPS navigation, the client company can always receive complete information about the execution of the order at any stage and track compliance with temporary deliveries of products.

Another beneficial solution for clients in the field of transport services is the implementation of groupage cargo transportation. Sending groupage cargo is a very profitable method for transporting small consignments of goods, which can significantly reduce transportation costs. This is especially important over long distances, when the cost of delivering a unit of cargo is high, unless you use the cheapest - heavy-duty - mode of transport. A significant advantage of this method of transportation is the savings achieved through the efficient use of cargo space.

Thus, the Bee Logistics company is guided in its activities by the basic principles of constructing transport processes and, in order to achieve greater efficiency, is dynamically developing in the direction of their integration with the warehouse, which will be discussed in the next part of this chapter.

2.2 General characteristics of the enterprise’s warehouse system

A modern warehouse is a complex technical structure that consists of many different subsystems (a complex of buildings and structures, a set of processed products, an information support system, etc.) and elements that have a specific structure, combined to perform specific functions for the transformation of material flows.

With the use of logistics principles, the attitude towards the warehouse has also changed. In logistics, a warehouse is a place for transforming material flows aimed at meeting the needs of enterprises. Logistics deals not with the management of a warehouse, but with the flow of goods passing through it. Optimal warehouse functioning means consistency of incoming and outgoing material flows while optimizing all warehouse resources.

Despite the fact that the warehouse itself has a complex technological structure, it is still an integral part of the logistics system. Therefore, the warehouse should not be considered in isolation, but only as an integral part of an integrated logistics system, which forms organizational, technical and economic requirements for the warehouse system, sets goals and criteria for its optimal functioning, and dictates the conditions for cargo processing.

The main purposes of using a warehouse in a logistics system can be defined as:

· coordination and alignment of supply and demand in supply and distribution;

· reduction of logistics costs during transportation (economical delivery lots);

· ensuring maximum satisfaction of consumer demand (maximum level of service);

· increasing the geographical coverage of the sales market (increasing the territorial coverage of the market).

A modern warehouse carries out a huge volume of service logistics operations, providing the client with a wide choice of logistics solutions for warehousing, cargo handling, packaging, transportation, information services, etc.

Thus, on the basis of a developed warehouse system, the Bee Logistic company offers manufacturers and distributors of FMCG goods a wide range of warehousing services:

· Storage of goods in a modern logistics warehouse that meets the highest requirements of international standards.

· Completing orders of any complexity (pallets, boxes, pieces). Output quality control of the complete set.

· Preparation of promotional sets, metro units, production of stickers and labels with their subsequent application to products, warehouse processing of returns and defective products.

· Insurance of stored goods in a reliable insurance company.

The warehouse also solves purely traditional problems associated with the implementation of the technological process of cargo processing:

· maximum use of warehouse capacity;

· rational handling of loading, unloading and storage operations;

· efficient use of warehouse equipment;

· elimination of losses of goods during their warehouse processing and storage;

· preparing goods for sale: labeling, special packaging, etc.

The warehousing policy and activities of the company's warehouse are influenced by the goals and objectives of the business implemented by the company, as well as the characteristics and features of the product, such as the weight and size of the product and packaging, storage conditions, and the variety of product items.

The specialization of the Bee Logistics company’s activities determines the composition of their clients and the range of goods processed. Accordingly, the warehouse technologies used are much clearer and more efficient, and the chances of failures and disruption of the rhythm of cycles are lower. But, despite the specialization, it should be noted that the range of goods in the FCMG sector is quite wide, and this determines the variety of technologies used in warehousing.

The use of such schemes as cross-docking, peak-by-line and pooling in organizing deliveries gives Bee Logistic LLC a competitive advantage in the field of transport and warehouse logistics.

2.3 Informatization of transport and warehouse systems

The foundation of logistics from the standpoint of management, controlling and making optimization decisions in the supply chain is information. The effectiveness of logistics business processes largely depends on having the right people having the right information at the right time and obtained from reliable sources.

Information is a key element required for a successful supply chain because without it, managers cannot determine what customers need, what inventory is available to meet those requirements, and when products should be produced or ordered.

The concept of information in logistics is multifaceted. These include information and telecommunication systems and technologies, global and local computer networks, electronic business, electronic document management, etc. One of the most important purposes of information technology in logistics is to transform data into information that can help in making the best decisions on managing logistics processes in supply chains.

Thanks to the development of the global Internet and the intensification of the activities of numerous virtual companies and operators, the life cycle of services for the delivery of goods to the end consumer is beginning to take on very specific forms based on the standardization of logistics, information and financial operations in supply chains. Because of this, logistics is increasingly connected and increasingly associated with the development of complex information projects to support the delivery of goods and the distribution of resources.

The increasing role of information flows in modern logistics is due to the following main reasons. Firstly, for the consumer, information about the status of the order, product availability, delivery times, shipping documents, etc. is a necessary element of consumer logistics service. Secondly, from the standpoint of inventory management in the logistics chain, the presence of complete and reliable information makes it possible to reduce the need for inventories and labor resources by reducing uncertainty in demand. And finally, thirdly, information increases the flexibility of drugs in terms of how, where and when resources can be used to achieve competitive advantages. Sergeev Logistics in business. M., 2005.

As for the economic benefits from informatization of transport and warehouse processes, they should be discussed in more detail.

1. Reducing the process time

With complete forward-looking information, the company can optimize in advance the progress of subsequent transport, warehouse and loading and unloading processes and thereby reduce their operating time.

2. Reduction of inventories as a result of risk reduction

Timely and reliable information reduces the risk of unwanted inventory. Inventories of raw materials, materials and finished products can be partially controlled using information about their availability in the warehouse or on the route to it.

3. Efficient use of resources

Timely information about the implementation of processes at all levels of the enterprise’s logistics system allows for a more rational use of production factors such as transport routes, vehicles, warehouse capacity and personnel. And also according to the idea of lean production, information can reduce the costs of their use.

4. Improving the quality of the logistics process

Information security of processes at all stages of the supply chain is the most important indicator of the quality of its functioning. It allows for better control over meeting delivery deadlines and a faster response to detected violations.

5. Reduce errors

Thanks to the end-to-end passage of data between the components of the logistics system and the use of electronic information exchange, there is no need for multiple data registration. Which, in turn, helps to avoid additional sources of errors.

3. Main directions for optimizing transport and warehouse processes at the enterprise

3.1 The use of logistics in organizing transport and storage operations

The functioning of all components of the logistics process should be considered in connection and interdependence. When organizing transportation, there is a need for its coordination and joint planning with other logistics functions, and, above all, with warehousing.

A consequence of increasing competition in the market for goods and services is an increase in the level of customer requirements. In such conditions, the development of any company focused on serving a large number of consumers must be very dynamic. Its goal is to provide services whose quality and scope will meet customer expectations. Regular studies of the preferences of economically active groups of Russian consumers show a gradual change in the criteria for choosing a service.

Undoubtedly, low price and high quality of the product are still the most important on this list, but they are no longer just desirable, but rather mandatory for a competitive service. Today, consumers are increasingly paying attention to additional criteria, such as delivery times, the ability to receive the ordered goods at a clearly specified time, as well as high-quality information support for the order fulfillment process.

To determine the way to improve product distribution processes, we will try to analyze and determine those factors on which the timing of a customer order depends.

When determining the duration of movement of goods from the customer to the consumer, the interests of different divisions of the company often collide, namely the transport division and the marketing department. Managers are interested in delivering goods from the supplier to the warehouse and from the warehouse to customers as quickly as possible. At the same time, the responsibility of the logistician is to organize the most economical route and completely fill the freight transport. Obviously, it is necessary to take into account the opinions of both sides. The welfare of the entire company depends on the success of sales, and proper management of transportation costs can significantly affect the final cost of the product.

The warehouse in this system is also a resource-intensive unit, but, unlike transport, its volume and productivity cannot be increased indefinitely. Its capabilities are limited by the physical size and throughput of warehouse zones and sections. Given certain parameters of cargo flow, a warehouse can either function or not, and it is usually impossible to ensure operation by simply increasing the number of personnel or the number of units of equipment in the warehouse. An increase in the number of vehicles used is a natural consequence of a shortening of the “order-delivery” cycle due to the lengthening of the distance to each customer, the high probability of sequentially sending several vehicles to the same point and incomplete use of resources. If the use of vehicles is not optimized, costs can rise sharply, which will negate the positive effect of increasing the level of service, and only modern logistics approaches can find the right solution to this complex two-criteria problem.

Let us analyze the main parameters that contribute to the effective functioning of the processes of the order-delivery cycle.

Number of orders and volume: Number of orders per day and average order size are key parameters for determining the length of the order-delivery cycle. Obviously, the larger the orders and the more applications arrive per unit of time, the shorter the optimal cycle, since the number of points in the route decreases. At the same time, unit delivery costs are also reduced due to the efficient use of vehicle resources.

Variety of assortment: The narrower the assortment of goods, the more stable the customer list, the more complete the information about the product and order parameters, the more standard and familiar the packaging. Accordingly, the warehouse technologies used are much simpler, and the chances of failures and disruption of the rhythm of cycles are lower.

When warehouse processing a wide range of goods coming from different partners, a number of difficulties arise. For example, there is a need for careful acceptance of each batch in order to update data on the weight and volume characteristics of units and packages of goods in the information system. The transport company has to take into account the compatibility of goods in the back of one vehicle and plan its placement. Loading and unloading processes are becoming more complicated.

Standard shipping unit and service level: The choice of a standard shipping unit (wagon, container, pallet, factory packaging, etc.) significantly affects the ratio of “service level / cost of transport and warehouse technology.” Railcars or containers usually do not require warehouse handling and in most cases can be delivered directly to the customer from the supplier. In this case, the cycle time depends on the quality of information communication in the supply chain and the selection of reliable suppliers. When switching to sales by pallets or factory packaging, an additional stage of warehouse processing is introduced into the order fulfillment process, but at the same time the circle of potential customers is significantly expanded.

A set of measures to increase the productivity of the delivery department depends, first of all, on the complexity of the task and may include both the adoption of organizational measures that reduce the influence of the human factor at all stages of order processing, and almost complete automation of route planning operations, control and management of vehicles by the dispatch service .

The boundaries and location of service zones are determined by such criteria as ease of movement along the zone's road network, and the sizes depend on the maximum number of orders that can be served by one vehicle. The problem of incomplete vehicle loading can be solved by supplementing the route with orders from adjacent zones.

3.2 Optimization of goods distribution processes at Bee Logistic LLC

The Bee Logistics company provides a full range of warehousing and transportation services. The use of an integrated logistics system allows for maximum rationalization of the movement of material flows along the entire route. Carrying out all the necessary transport and warehouse processes frees the customer company from resolving additional problems that arise when working simultaneously with several providers in the supply chain.

The work system of the Bee Logistic company can be characterized as follows:

1. Bee Logistic LLC delivers the customer’s goods from the place of production or purchase and places it in the Bee Logistic warehouse. If necessary, the company undertakes to ensure planning of the range and volumes of goods supplied.

2. In accordance with the customer’s requirement, Bee Logistic is engaged in the formation of orders for the customer’s client base. The selection of orders can be carried out both in pallets and boxes, and in pieces, which is important for the delivery of goods to small retail chains.

3. The company delivers goods to the sales addresses specified by customers at the specified time.

Full information and documentary support is provided along the entire route. The company provides temporary storage of original shipping documents, as well as their storage in the customer’s virtual archive in the web space.

Bee Logistic LLC provides its clients with a range of optimization solutions in the implementation of transport and warehouse logistics. Let's analyze each of them.

Yu Organization of accounting and shipment of goods, taking into account the shelf life of the goods.

The Bee Logistics company, fulfilling the wishes of its customers, with the help of the powerful WMS Solvo The warehouse management system Solvo.WMS is a software package designed to manage personnel and all processes of processing goods in a warehouse in real time. solved the complex problem of registering and shipping goods, taking into account the date of manufacture of the goods, its expiration date and other requirements.

When goods arrive at the warehouse, the production date and expiration date of each item received are entered into the database. If the packages contain this information, encrypted in the form of a barcode, it is read by a scanner, which eliminates the occurrence of errors when entering it.

The selection of goods when placing orders is carried out according to an algorithm that each client chooses himself:

FIFO (from English First In, First Out) - in this case, the goods registered first are also selected for orders first.

LIFO (from English Last In, First Out) - the product that was registered last is removed from the register first.

FEFO (from English First Expire, First Out) - the product whose expiration date is the first to be selected first. And so on.

Any other accounting algorithms are possible.

The selection of goods for orders can be carried out taking into account additional requirements. For example, expiration dates can be limited individually for each consumer (store or distributor). At the same time, for distributors located at a considerable distance from St. Petersburg, for example in the Far East, products are selected that have expiration dates limited by delivery time.

Yu Organization of accounting and tracking of goods using the SSCC code.

The operating technology of the Bee Logistics logistics complex allows you to track the movement of goods taking into account the SSCC code (from English Serial Shipping Container Code - serial code of transport packaging). SSCC number or data structure that is used to uniquely identify logistics modules (for example, pallets). Using this number, you can restore the movement history of the goods contained in the pallet several years after its shipment.

The use of product accounting using the SSCC code can be seen in the following example.

A pallet arrives at the warehouse with its unique SSCC number, encrypted in an 18-digit barcode. The code is entered into the database and uniquely identifies the pallet. A pallet consisting of several dozen boxes is placed for storage. After receiving a number of tasks for the formation of orders from this pallet, the boxes are shipped - at different times, to different consumers of the goods to different addresses. In this case, the SSCC pallet code is assigned to each shipped box (group of boxes). This allows you to restore the shipping history of each box - when, to which consumer and to what address the box of goods was shipped. Information is stored in the database for at least 4 years. Such information is necessary for the manufacturer, for example, to recall a product if unacceptable violations are revealed in the production technology after some time.

Yu Organization of goods supplies according to the cross-docking scheme.

The Bee Logistic company offers its clients to use the distribution of goods using a cross-docking scheme. Cross-docking (from the English cross-docking - from cross - going directly and dock-dock, berth, docking, connection) - the movement of goods through the warehouse directly, without actually placing it in storage.

The cross-docking scheme allows minimizing the time of warehouse processing and storage. Recently, the cross-docking operation has become increasingly popular. This is explained, first of all, by a 20-30% reduction in costs when organizing warehouse operations compared to “traditional” storage of goods. Cross-docking also allows you to speed up the delivery of goods to the end consumer.

Here is an example of the cross-docking scheme currently used at Bee Logistic:

The goods, prepared for shipment at the customer’s warehouse in Moscow, are placed on pallets and divided into final delivery addresses. The goods are accepted by the company's forwarder.

The goods are loaded into the company's large-capacity vehicles and the day after loading they are delivered to St. Petersburg to the Bee Logistic warehouse. On the same day, the goods are loaded onto Bee Logistic low-tonnage trucks and delivered to chain stores in St. Petersburg or loaded onto vehicles heading to addresses in the North-Western region.

The Bee Logistics company offers door-to-door cross-docking services, i.e. along the entire route of movement of goods from the client’s warehouse to the store doors. With this arrangement, the customer will not face a lot of problems arising from the transfer of responsibility between several carriers and a warehouse in the supply chain, which would be inevitable when using the services of different transport companies.

Yu Organization of goods supplies according to the peak-by-line scheme.

In addition to the cross-docking scheme, Bee Logistic offers its clients the use of pick-by-line technology - a type of cross-docking. This technology involves high speed of processing of goods.

The use of this technology includes the following operations: the goods arrive at the warehouse, then they are sent to storage cells assigned to each store. After the volume of goods suitable for transportation has been accumulated in the cell, it is shipped to the stores.

When working according to the pick-by-line scheme, the costs of maintaining a warehouse are slightly higher than with conventional cross-docking, but the order picking time is reduced, and it becomes possible to reduce the cost of creating inventory compared to “traditional” storage of goods.

Yu Organization of goods supplies according to the pooling scheme.

The Bee Logistics company provides its clients with the opportunity to optimize their costs through the use of a pooling scheme for the delivery of goods (from the English "pooling" - pool organization - pooling of resources for the purpose of their more efficient distribution).

Organizing a pool for transport deliveries involves consolidating the goods of several clients in one vehicle. Deliveries are carried out according to the agreed schedule. It is known that the most economical deliveries are those carried out by the most spacious or large-capacity vehicles. Combining cargo in one vehicle allows you to use the cheapest (per pallet) type of transport.

Pooling is especially effective for small volumes of goods supplied to consumers. So, for example, when delivering goods to Murmansk, delivery of 1 pallet using pooling is almost 3 times cheaper than when paying for separate transport.

In addition, pooling allows customers not to pay for transport downtime while waiting for unloading, which is very important when working with large chain stores located in metropolitan areas.

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Main functions of warehouse logistics

The key functions of warehousing logistics include the following:

Adjusting the assortment in accordance with customer orders. At the warehouse, the original production assortment is transformed into a sought-after consumer assortment, allowing orders to be fulfilled more efficiently.
Storage and warehousing of products. Proper storage of goods in a warehouse allows you to reduce the period of time between when the products were manufactured and when they were delivered to the end customer. If the main activity of a company is the provision of warehousing services, then it must provide suitable conditions for storing various types of goods.
Providing logistics services. A logistics company can not only help customers store products, but also provide a number of additional services, such as packaging goods, preparing them for sale, sticking, creating sets of products, and so on.
Consolidation of small batches of goods into large ones. This activity is called unitization and allows you to simultaneously deliver goods to several different customers. Thanks to unitization, a logistics company can even serve small businesses who need to deliver small quantities of products.

A typical option for cooperation with a company that deals with warehouse logistics is the absence of its own technical premises when turnover or production volumes increase. For many enterprises, storing goods in someone else's warehouse turns out to be much more profitable and convenient than building and equipping their own.

Problems of warehouse logistics in the domestic market

Although in modern Russia the development of the logistics industry is proceeding at a fairly rapid pace, the domestic logistics market is still much less modern and efficient than in a number of foreign countries. The main problems of the industry in the Russian Federation include:

Use of outdated equipment and technologies.
Insufficiently developed logistics infrastructure.
Lack of experienced and qualified personnel.
Insufficient base of theoretical material regarding warehouse management.
The inability of many managers to adequately assess the problems of their enterprises.

The last of these problems is especially important. Unfortunately, in the Russian market, logistics management and warehousing are quite often added to the list of work tasks of enterprise managers. Moreover, in most cases, they have a poor understanding of logistics, and therefore do not use all available opportunities.

Lack of markings

Oddly enough, not all enterprises have established a system for assigning a unique code to each unit of manufactured products. This situation greatly complicates the identification of goods, and because of it, cargo delivery is several times slower than it could be.

Dilution of job responsibilities

Any business strives to expand and develop, increasing its profitability. Therefore, enterprises that once started with small production facilities and a small staff, over time, increase their capacity and strive to expand their sales market. But managers of such enterprises do not always understand that business expansion must be accompanied by an increase in staff.

Instead of hiring more highly specialized workers, these managers force each existing employee to solve a broader range of problems. As a result, departments cease to be responsible for performing their specific tasks, the efficiency of the enterprise decreases, and the quality of the enterprise's services deteriorates significantly.

Positive trends in the development of Russian warehouse logistics

Although there are quite serious problems in this area in Russia, it cannot be said that they will not disappear in the future. Recently, more and more universities are beginning to provide training in warehousing logistics, as a result of which the number of qualified specialists is increasing.

In addition, modern warehouse complexes are increasingly equipped with high-tech automated equipment, which significantly reduces the likelihood of errors and increases the speed of cargo delivery.

The fact that the degree of demand for logistics services in Russia is steadily increasing also plays a role. This encourages logistics companies to grow and develop, as well as to provide increasingly better services. The emergence of more and more new players in the warehouse logistics market also leads to the emergence of healthy competition, in which companies have to offer customers attractive terms of cooperation.

5 steps to organize a warehouse logistics system

Effective optimization of warehousing logistics is impossible without making a number of responsible decisions. So, for example, you need to decide on the number of technical buildings that will be sufficient for work, and their location. It is also worth considering using rented or your own warehouses. In general, the process of such optimization can be reduced to performing 5 steps, which will be outlined below.

1. Calculation of the number of storage facilities

Having assessed the volume of products that the enterprise produces, it is necessary to determine how many warehouses will be sufficient to store it. If you find that there is not enough warehouse space to accommodate all the goods, then you will have to spend more money on transporting them.

It is also not worth renting or purchasing excessive amounts of storage space. After all, in this case you will have to spend extra money on their maintenance.

2. Choosing between a rented and your own warehouse

To make a final decision on this matter, you need to find out the average cost of renting warehouse space in your area, as well as estimate the cost of creating your own warehouse. It makes sense to invest money in the construction of your technical premises only if, as a result, the profit from transporting goods turns out to be significantly higher than transport costs.

3. Choosing the location of the warehouse

There are many ways to determine the optimal location for a warehouse, which qualified warehouse logistics specialists are familiar with. The main task of this choice is to find a place to store goods, thanks to which it will be possible to minimize the cost of transporting them.

4. Selection of an effective warehouse system

Before you start using a warehouse, it is necessary to develop a preliminary system for distributing goods into pallets, containers, etc. The system should include effective cargo management methods that will allow small and large orders to be completed as quickly as possible.

5. Analysis of warehouse logistics

At the final stage, it is necessary to perform a detailed analysis of the work done previously and make a final decision on the creation and launch of a warehouse logistics system. If it was thought out correctly, that is, if no mistakes were made at the previous stages, then as a result you will receive a system of effective control over inventory of goods.

It is highly desirable that the development of a warehouse logistics system be carried out by qualified specialists or at least people who have successfully completed courses in warehousing logistics. Otherwise, they are unlikely to be able to provide ideal accounting and organization of all internal and external flows of inventory.

At the final stage of the organization, it is determined:

Type of storage.
Optimal cargo unit.
The type of equipment that will be used in the warehouse.
Cargo picking system.
Organization of a system for processing incoming data.

Should warehouse logistics functions be outsourced?

It is not at all necessary to handle warehousing logistics yourself - these functions can be outsourced. In this case, they will be dealt with by a company that provides such services and charges a certain fee for them.

As a rule, enterprises resort to outsourcing in this area when dealing with the tasks listed above by the company itself turns out to be unnecessarily burdensome or expensive. Logistics outsourcing assumes that the relevant company will take full responsibility for managing the inventory of your goods, their warehousing and transportation.

Like any solution, outsourcing logistics has its advantages and disadvantages. The advantages of outsourcing come down to the following:

High quality of services.
Possibility to expand the geography of cargo delivery if necessary.
High speed of solving assigned tasks.

The disadvantages of using the services of logistics companies are:

Quite a high cost of services.
Weak prospects for the development of the enterprise, due to the fact that its own logistics system is not formed and does not develop.

In other words, outsourcing is appropriate for small and medium-sized businesses. If an enterprise is just trying to enter the federal level, then, as a rule, it does not have enough free money to invest in the construction and organization of work in its own warehouse. Therefore, outsourcing logistics functions becomes justified. However, larger enterprises are better off thinking about setting up their own warehouse system.

How to choose a company providing warehousing services

There are quite a lot of companies offering outsourcing of the warehouse process, and their number is increasing every year. The more difficult it is to make a choice, given that the success of the enterprise will largely depend on its correctness. In a large logistics company, a unified information connection and competent coordination of the work of all departments must be thought out so that the services it provides are of a high level of quality.

The main characteristics that are important when choosing a performer include the following:

speed of order execution;
accuracy of cargo collection;
overall operational efficiency;
quality of services provided;
experience in the logistics sector.

To evaluate these parameters, you can visit thematic forums and study the reviews that representatives of other enterprises have left about the company that interests you. Attention should also be paid to the range of services that the company provides. A good logistics organization will deal not only with warehouse operations, but also with cargo transportation, solving customs logistics issues, and so on.

Conclusion

Warehouse logistics is a rational view of the distribution, registration and accounting of goods stored in a warehouse. A well-built warehouse logistics system is one of the key foundations for the successful operation of an enterprise, its development and clientele growth. In some cases, when the costs of organizing such a system on its own are too high for a small enterprise, it makes sense to outsource warehouse logistics functions.

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1.5. The purpose of this Agreement is to protect confidential information that the Parties will exchange during negotiations, concluding contracts and fulfilling obligations, as well as any other interaction (including, but not limited to, consulting, requesting and providing information, and performing other instructions).

2. Responsibilities of the Parties

2.1. The Parties agree to keep secret all confidential information received by one Party from the other Party during the interaction of the Parties, not to disclose, divulge, make public or otherwise provide such information to any third party without the prior written permission of the other Party, with the exception of cases specified in the current legislation, when the provision of such information is the responsibility of the Parties.

2.2.Each Party will take all necessary measures to protect confidential information using at least the same measures that the Party uses to protect its own confidential information. Access to confidential information is provided only to those employees of each Party who reasonably need it to perform their official duties under this Agreement.

2.3. The obligation to keep confidential information secret is valid within the validity period of this Agreement, the license agreement for computer programs dated December 1, 2016, the agreement to join the license agreement for computer programs, agency and other agreements and for five years after termination their actions, unless otherwise separately agreed by the Parties.

(a) if the information provided has become publicly available without a violation of the obligations of one of the Parties;

(b) if the information provided became known to a Party as a result of its own research, systematic observations or other activities carried out without the use of confidential information received from the other Party;

(c) if the information provided is lawfully received from a third party without an obligation to keep it secret until it is provided by one of the Parties;

(d) if the information is provided at the written request of a government agency, other government agency, or local government body in order to perform their functions and its disclosure to these bodies is mandatory for the Party. In this case, the Party must immediately notify the other Party of the received request;

(e) if the information is provided to a third party with the consent of the Party about which the information is transferred.

2.5.Insales does not verify the accuracy of the information provided by the User and does not have the ability to assess his legal capacity.

2.6. The information that the User provides to Insales when registering in the Services is not personal data, as defined in Federal Law of the Russian Federation No. 152-FZ of July 27, 2006. “About personal data.”

2.7.Insales has the right to make changes to this Agreement. When changes are made to the current edition, the date of the last update is indicated. The new version of the Agreement comes into force from the moment it is posted, unless otherwise provided by the new version of the Agreement.

2.8. By accepting this Agreement, the User understands and agrees that Insales may send the User personalized messages and information (including, but not limited to) to improve the quality of the Services, to develop new products, to create and send personal offers to the User, to inform the User about changes in Tariff plans and updates, to send the User marketing materials on the subject of the Services, to protect the Services and Users and for other purposes.

The user has the right to refuse to receive the above information by notifying in writing to the email address Insales -.

2.9. By accepting this Agreement, the User understands and agrees that Insales Services may use cookies, counters, and other technologies to ensure the functionality of the Services in general or their individual functions in particular, and the User has no claims against Insales in connection with this.

2.10. The user understands that the equipment and software used by him to visit sites on the Internet may have the function of prohibiting operations with cookies (for any sites or for certain sites), as well as deleting previously received cookies.

Insales has the right to establish that the provision of a certain Service is possible only on the condition that the acceptance and receipt of cookies is permitted by the User.

2.11. The user is independently responsible for the security of the means he has chosen to access his account, and also independently ensures their confidentiality. The User is solely responsible for all actions (as well as their consequences) within or using the Services under the User’s account, including cases of voluntary transfer by the User of data to access the User’s account to third parties under any conditions (including under contracts or agreements) . In this case, all actions within or using the Services under the User’s account are considered to be carried out by the User himself, except in cases where the User notified Insales of unauthorized access to the Services using the User’s account and/or of any violation (suspicion of violation) of the confidentiality of his means of accessing your account.

2.12. The User is obliged to immediately notify Insales of any case of unauthorized (not authorized by the User) access to the Services using the User’s account and/or of any violation (suspicion of violation) of the confidentiality of their means of access to the account. For security purposes, the User is obliged to independently safely shut down work under his account at the end of each session of working with the Services. Insales is not responsible for possible loss or damage to data, as well as other consequences of any nature that may occur due to the User’s violation of the provisions of this part of the Agreement.

3. Responsibility of the Parties

3.1. The Party that has violated the obligations stipulated by the Agreement regarding the protection of confidential information transferred under the Agreement is obliged, at the request of the injured Party, to compensate for the actual damage caused by such violation of the terms of the Agreement in accordance with the current legislation of the Russian Federation.

3.2. Compensation for damage does not terminate the obligations of the violating Party to properly fulfill its obligations under the Agreement.

4.Other provisions

4.1. All notices, requests, demands and other correspondence under this Agreement, including those including confidential information, must be in writing and delivered personally or via courier, or sent by email to the addresses specified in the license agreement for computer programs dated 12/01/2016, the agreement of accession to the license agreement for computer programs and in this Agreement or other addresses that may subsequently be specified in writing by the Party.

4.2. If one or more provisions (conditions) of this Agreement are or become invalid, then this cannot serve as a reason for termination of the other provisions (conditions).

4.3. This Agreement and the relationship between the User and Insales arising in connection with the application of the Agreement are subject to the law of the Russian Federation.

4.3. The User has the right to send all suggestions or questions regarding this Agreement to the Insales User Support Service or to the postal address: 107078, Moscow, st. Novoryazanskaya, 18, building 11-12 BC “Stendhal” LLC “Insales Rus”.

Publication date: 12/01/2016

Full name in Russian:

Limited Liability Company "Insales Rus"

Abbreviated name in Russian:

LLC "Insales Rus"

Name in English:

InSales Rus Limited Liability Company (InSales Rus LLC)

Legal address:

125319, Moscow, st. Akademika Ilyushina, 4, building 1, office 11

Mailing address:

107078, Moscow, st. Novoryazanskaya, 18, building 11-12, BC “Stendhal”

INN: 7714843760 Checkpoint: 771401001

Bank details:

Main objectives of the chapter:

? consider the basic principles of warehouse operation;
? give a classification of warehouses;
? consider methods of accounting and control of product inventories in the warehouse;
? consider the procedure for determining the main indicators of warehouse activity as well as the costs of warehouse systems and their management;
? consider issues of organizing the technological process in the warehouse;
? consider the methodology for calculating the total, useful and other areas of the warehouse, as well as determining the required amount of equipment and lifting and transport mechanisms.

Key terms:

Warehousing logistics. Tasks and functions of the warehouse. Classification of warehouses. Warehouses. Inventory and product accounting. Indicators of warehouse activity. Technological process in a warehouse. Receipt and placement of products. Packaging and release of products. Returned products. Transport documentation. Container and packaging. Warehouse performance assessment.

Basic concepts of warehouse activities

A modern warehouse carries out a huge volume of logistics operations, providing the client with the opportunity to choose a wide range of logistics services for warehousing, cargo handling, packaging, transportation, information and other services.

Stock is a complex technical structure (building, various equipment and other devices) designed for receiving, placing, accumulating, storing, processing, dispensing and delivering products to consumers.

Warehousing logistics- this is a complex of interrelated operations implemented in the process of transforming material flow in warehousing.

The object of study of warehousing logistics is inventory items in the process of warehousing, cargo handling and packaging.

Warehousing- a logistics operation, which consists of maintaining inventories by participants in the logistics channel and ensuring the safety of inventories, their rational placement, accounting, constant updating and safe working methods.

The main reasons for using warehouses in a logistics system are:

1) reducing logistics costs during transportation by organizing transportation in economical batches;
2) coordination and alignment of supply and demand in supply and distribution through the creation of insurance and seasonal reserves;
3) ensuring an uninterrupted production process by creating reserves of material and technical resources;
4) ensuring maximum satisfaction of consumer demand through the formation of a product range;
5) creating conditions for maintaining an active sales strategy;
6) increasing the geographical coverage of sales markets;
7) ensuring a flexible service policy.

When analyzing the role and location of warehouses, it is advisable to consider them at different levels of the hierarchy - national, regional, local and production.

? On national level, the problems of creating a warehouse system have largely not technical, but economic, strategic and social aspects. The national transport and warehouse infrastructure is an extensive system that connects the regional infrastructures of large economic regions, which include the corresponding infrastructures of industrial hubs and enterprises.
? On regional level, the importance of warehouses is great in connection with the development and creation of new territorial production complexes, in which it is advisable to create large integrated warehouse bases for types of industrial products (for supplying industrial units and manufacturing enterprises) and for types of consumer goods (for supplying the population ).
? On local at the level of warehouse infrastructure, the placement and operation of warehouses significantly affects the cargo flows and transport of industrial areas and hubs, and the overall efficiency of industrial enterprises and transport.
? On production level, they influence the general rhythm and organization of the main production processes at enterprises, the placement and operation of internal and external transport, the cost of industrial products and other indicators of the efficiency of production and enterprise activities.

The main tasks of warehousing are:

? determination of the usable area of the warehouse;
? determining the optimal amount of handling equipment;
? determining the optimal loading of handling equipment;
? developing a strategy for optimal use of warehouse space;
? optimizing the use of warehouse capacity;
? reduction of product storage time;
? increasing the warehouse turnover ratio.

Let's look at the main functions that warehouses perform:

1) cargo consolidation. To reduce transportation costs and prevent traffic congestion at the consumer's unloading area, the warehouse can perform the function of consolidating goods into a larger mixed shipment to a specific sales area;
2) cargo disaggregation. The warehouse receives cargo from manufacturers destined for several customers, sorts them into smaller lots in accordance with orders and sends (delivers) to each consumer;
3) concentration and storage of reserves. Ensuring the concentration and storage of inventories allows for continuous production or supply under conditions of restrictions associated with sources of resources and fluctuations in consumer demand;
4) assortment management. Forming a product range in anticipation of customer orders leads to efficient order fulfillment and more frequent deliveries in the volume required by the client;
5) complete set of cargo. If enterprises are geographically dispersed, then re-sorting and transit picking of goods is conveniently carried out at an intermediate warehouse. Upon arrival at the terminal, the transport is unloaded and consolidated shipments are compiled for specific customers or markets;
6) smoothing out asynchrony of production processes. To achieve consistency between individual operations of the production process, a stock of material and technical resources is formed in the warehouse;
7) provision of services. There are four main groups of services provided by the warehouse:
- ? material services (delivery, labeling, packaging, packing);
- ? organizational and commercial (concluding contracts with transport agencies, preparing and delivering shipping documents, informing about lending, lending stored goods, selling excess material assets through redistribution or on a commission basis, etc.);
- ? warehouse (reception of material assets for temporary storage, sorting, rental of warehouse space, etc.);
- ? transport and operational (forwarding services with unloading);
8) transformation of the production assortment into a consumer one in accordance with demand and in order to fulfill orders of internal and external consumers;
9) warehousing and storage of products in order to equalize the time, quantity and assortment gaps bob between production and consumption of products. This function makes it possible to carry out continuous production and supply based on the created stocks of products, as well as in connection with the seasonal consumption of certain types of products;
10) control and maintenance of the required level of product inventories.

Warehouses also perform leveling functions.

Time Alignment occurs in cases where time the occurrence and frequency of demand for products do not correspond to the production time.

Alignment by quantity refers to serial production. To reduce overall resource costs, more products are produced than are necessary based on current demand.

Volume equalization required where the location of production does not correspond to the location of the consumer of the product. This necessitates transportation of products.

Assortment alignment typical for those enterprises that produce a wide range of products; required at different times. Since consumers may not order all the products included in the production program, a warehouse is used to level out demand, where the entire range of products is stored.

Below we list basic requirements to the organization of warehouse operations:

? the enterprise's warehouses are specialized, since products with different physical and chemical properties may require different storage modes;
? the warehouse is equipped with racks, shelves, cabinets and drawers for storing products;
? A label is issued for each type of product, indicating the name of the product, its product number, brand, grade, size, unit of measurement. The label is attached to the storage location of this type of product;
? flammable substances are stored in premises specially adapted for them, isolated from other warehouses and equipped with fire-fighting equipment;
? open storage materials (brick, sand, lumber, rolled metal, etc.) are placed in a warehouse area specially designated for this purpose under a canopy that protects them from the effects of precipitation.

In the case when barcoding technologies for products are introduced into a warehouse, the requirements for organizing the work of a warehouse are transformed as follows:

? at least 80% of products entering the warehouse must be barcoded;
? points for receiving and releasing products in the warehouse must be equipped with scanning equipment connected to the automation system;
? Scanning equipment must meet operating conditions and reliability requirements.

To organize the use of a bar coding system for products in a warehouse, it is necessary to conclude an implementation agreement with the copyright holders. To do this you need to do:

? conducting preliminary research;
? preparation and drawing up of full-scale technical specifications;
? supply and connection of equipment;
? automation system software development;
? system installation;
? personnel training and system launch.

When choosing a warehouse space, you should be aware of the classification. This classification allows you to evaluate the warehouse according to the most important consumer qualities. Warehouses can vary in size, design, degree of mechanization of warehouse operations, type of storage, and functional purpose. A warehouse can be a link in the chain of movement of industrial products (warehouses for raw materials, finished products, specialized warehouses, etc.) or located in the area of movement of consumer goods (commodity warehouses).