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What is an insulated Swedish stove? Foundation “Swedish stove” The foundation is a warm Swedish stove.

USHP is a modern and thermally efficient foundation. And not just the foundation, not just a concrete slab. This is the real foundation of your home. It includes a ready-made system for comfortable heating with underfloor heating throughout the entire area, distribution of water supply pipes, sewerage and electrical cables, high-quality floor insulation, and its smooth surface is suitable for laying finished flooring.

The Swedish slab is suitable for frame houses, houses made of aerated concrete, timber, logs, for SIP and other houses and can be built on almost any soil.

In this picture, the designer and I tried to depict the USP in cross-section. So, let's break it down:

1. Cushion 2. PSB/EPS - permanent formwork 3. Insulated blind area 4. Drainage 5. Storm drain 6. Reinforcement 7. Heated floor pipes 8. Concrete slab 9. Pipes and cables

1. Cushion under the stove

Before pouring concrete, we need to do a lot of other things, and we start by preparing the cushion - the base on which the formwork will be placed and on which our slab will stand. It is necessary to prepare a flat sandy area and compact it properly with a special machine - a vibrating plate.

My companion, Grigory, made a short series about the construction of the USHP. The first episode is dedicated to preparing the pillow, this is what it looks like in the video:

The “pie” of the pillow depends on the type of soil, ranging from simple removal of the fertile layer, backfilling with sand and compaction, to complete replacement of the soil under the slab to a greater depth and compaction with a heavy vibratory roller. The preparation of the cushion is extremely important; based on the result, you must check the quality of the compaction with a penetrometer.

2. We install formwork from PSB\EPS

Next, on the prepared site, permanent polystyrene foam formwork is leveled. This is not at all the fragile foam plastic that you are used to seeing in a TV box, PSB 25/50 (PPS 14/35 according to the new GOST) or, moreover, EPS is much denser and more durable. It turns out that between the ground and concrete there will be a thick layer of excellent, dense insulation. This will allow us to heat your home rather than warm the ground underneath it.

In addition, the foam plastic will not allow the soil under the house to freeze, therefore, there will be no frost heaving, there will be no dangerous movements of the foundation, cracks in the walls and other troubles.

At this stage, sewer pipes are also laid, water and electrical cables and grounding are introduced (number 9 in the picture). Most often, along with the foundation, I immediately install a septic tank or VOC, so the sewerage issue is resolved at this stage.

It’s also worth adding that I usually line the outer part of the formwork (the so-called L-block) with flat slate. During the construction stage, it reliably protects the PSB from damage, and can also be used in the future - you can simply paint it in the desired color or cover it with mosaic plaster and the finishing of the base is ready. It is also convenient to attach plinth panels to flat slate.

This is what the finished base looks like:

By the way, regarding the height of the USP base (height from the ground to the edge of the slab). It turns out to be small - about 20 centimeters, but this is rather a plus - there is no need to make a porch with steps at the entrance to the house. However, at the request of the customer, the height can easily be increased. Firstly, an extra 10 centimeters can be added by additionally filling the pillow, and secondly, the same amount can be added by using an additional layer of insulation under the slab.

3,4,5. We make storm drainage, drainage, blind area

When it rains, streams of water run from the roof through the drainpipes and this water needs to go somewhere. For this purpose, storm drains and storm inlets are made, these are something like hatches under drainpipes where all the rainwater flows. And she goes into a ditch or a well. Believe me, this is much better than puddles around the house.

In most areas, due to dampness, drainage is also needed, you can read about it in detail on the Internet, but in a nutshell - this is needed to drain water away from the house, so that it is dry. And this is also done immediately, along with all other earthworks.

Around the foundation, along the perimeter, sheets of expanded polystyrene are buried, covered with a thick film - this is an insulated blind area. It is needed to prevent freezing and frost heaving of the soil around the foundation. You can fill it with sand and, subsequently, decorative stone, or you can immediately beautifully concrete it.

So, it turns out that we have removed all excess moisture from under and around the house, and also insulated the foundation and its perimeter. This means that there is no opportunity for frost heaving of the soil - dry sand, protected from frost by foam plastic, will no longer move.

6. Reinforcement

You can’t just take, mix cement and pour it into the finished formwork. Metal reinforcement gives strength to concrete structures. In the classic USHP, the entire area is covered with welded reinforcing mesh, and reinforcement bars are used in the stiffeners. For a heavy house, additional ribs and reinforcement cages can be made, double reinforcement can be used, etc. All this is designed based on the planned load on the foundation, i.e. depends on the material from which the house will be made and its size.

7. Warm floors throughout the house at once

Underfloor heating pipes are laid throughout the entire area of the house. The house is divided into several zones, for example, kitchen, living room, bedroom, bathroom. Each zone has its own underfloor heating circuit, which can then be adjusted using a manifold.

It turns out that the whole house is heated with underfloor heating. And if the house is well insulated, then such a system is sufficient for heating in any frost (for a 1-story house or for the first floor of a 2-story house). And this is a very comfortable warmth, it comes evenly from the entire surface of the floor in all rooms, which is much more pleasant than a classic radiator under the window.

Since the heated floor is poured into concrete, the concrete monolithic slab serves as an excellent heat accumulator. It does not warm up immediately, but when it gains heat, it takes a very long time to release it. Even if your gas or electricity is turned off, you won’t feel it right away, maybe after a day or more. The temperature in the house will drop very slowly!

The Comisa underfloor heating manifold regulates the flow of coolant along the contours

* in fact, the order of the story is a little broken, most often the TP pipes are mounted before the reinforcement and attached directly to the foam - this is the best option, but for understanding the meaning of the USP this does not play a role.

9. Communications - water, electricity, sewerage

Here we will skip a little and move on to point 9. In addition to the heated floor, all the necessary communications are laid inside the slab - these are electrical cables (they can be routed to any place, for example into future walls), pipes for cold/hot water, sewer pipes, water drains for a future shower, you can install any others to your taste cables\air ducts.

Standard set: heated floors, sewerage, cold water/hot water supply and electrical cables

The USHP slab is not created for an abstract house, say, 10*10 in size. You need at least a preliminary design, then you can immediately install heating in the rooms, run pipes to future bathrooms and the kitchen, install underfloor heating and water supply manifolds in the technical room, etc.

Outputs of hot and cold water pipes, there will be a collector here

This is what the “filling” of a standard slab looks like (the first part of the video):

8. Monolithic concrete slab = subfloor

Work on the USP is completed by pouring concrete and grouting/grinding it. When all communications and heated floors are ready, all leads and cables are checked, the integrity of all pipes is pressure tested, a mixer arrives and pours a high-quality concrete mixture. No homemade concrete, only a mixture from a proven concrete plant, with all the documents and samples.

After pouring, smooth the concrete with a large trowel.

Some time after pouring, when the concrete gains a little strength, the surface is polished with a special trowel, which is also called a “helicopter”. Both during pouring and grouting, the evenness of the slab is constantly monitored by a laser level.

This is how a helicopter works:

As a result, we get a smooth concrete base with minimal differences. You can immediately lay tiles or laminate on it, there is no need to fill in additional screed - everything is already ready.

Let's summarize the benefits

By ordering USHP, after completion of the work you will immediately receive:

Foundation - monolithic concrete slab;
Divided communications - water, sewerage, electricity, grounding, etc.;
Ready-made heating system - warm floors throughout the entire area of the house;
Floor insulation - under the slab there is a thick layer of PSB/EPS;
Insulated blind area - no freezing of the soil around the house;
The finished subfloor is smooth and you can immediately lay tiles or laminate on it;
Finishing the base with flat slate - you can simply paint it;
Storm drainage and storm water inlets [optional];
Drainage [optional];
The resolved sewerage issue is a septic tank or VOC [optional].

Now let's compare

If you compare USHP with screw piles or with a regular concrete slab or with MZLF... The comparison will not be entirely in favor of these types of foundation. That is, piles, of course, will cost less. And you can build exactly the same good house on them. BUT how much work will need to be done later? Who will make them? How much is it?

When assessing and comparing the cost of different types of foundations, please consider all of the above. USHP is a ready-made zero cycle, a turnkey foundation. Although I don't like this definition, it really is true.

On USHP you just need to put a box at home, and everything else is already inside - heating, communications, insulation. And on the same screw piles you need to make a lower floor, insulate it, install communications, route them around the house, fill in the screed, install heating, do something fancy with the finishing of the high base... In general, it’s up to you.

You can view detailed reports on the foundations I recently built in the section.

Even before the advent of high-strength insulation materials, solid slab foundations were considered an effective means of compensating for seasonal (frost heaving) and non-seasonal soil movements. Being “floating”, they maintained the relative position of all elements of building structures relative to each other, even when houses fell into areas of small landslides. An original engineering innovation that combined the solution to energy efficiency problems was the so-called USP foundation, the technology of which came to us from Sweden and Germany. This article describes the design and operational features of the insulated Swedish stove (as the abbreviation “USHP” stands for).

About 10 years ago, the first domestic enthusiasts, developers, used standard projects from this particular company. According to Dorocell, the optimal energy-efficient foundation for low-rise housing construction is a high-quality monolithic concrete slab with stiffeners, external thermal insulation and built-in heating.

Scheme of the technology for installing an insulated Swedish USHP plate using TechnoNIKOL materials

Thermal insulation, representing a kind of “trough” for pouring concrete, serves as a natural permanent formwork.

Here is a detailed overview of the foundation of an insulated Swedish slab:

Formwork made of polystyrene PSB-S is assembled on a compacted sand and crushed stone bedding. At the bottom of the backfill bed, slopes were made and a drainage pipe was installed.
Formwork 400 mm high consists of slabs 100 mm thick and forms rectangular grooves with a cross-section of 400×200 along the perimeter to form stiffeners and a bed for pouring the main slab 100 mm thick.
Reinforcement of the ribs is carried out in two belts with a profile of variable section with a diameter of 8 - 12 mm. Reinforcement of the floor slab is carried out using a welded mesh 150x150 mm.
The heating system pipelines are embedded in the floor slab. The floor slab is reinforced using a 150×150 mm welded mesh laid on top of the heated floor pipes.
In addition to the heated floor, other communications are also poured with concrete - water supply, sewerage, electrical wiring in the rooms.
Insulation of the blind area is carried out along the perimeter of the foundation with 70 mm PSB-S slabs adjacent to the polystyrene formwork from the outside at the depth of its contact with the bedding.

Thermal insulation skirt around the foundation slab protects against freezing

The described scheme corresponds to the load generated by a two-story house with load-bearing walls made of cellular concrete, as well as climatic conditions with a frost index of 4000 - 8000. An increase in load requires an increase in the cross-section of the stiffeners, and a more severe temperature regime requires the addition of one or two additional layers of insulation.

There is an alternative technology for installing an insulated foundation: UFF - insulated Finnish slab. An overview and features of this type of foundation are described in

The best video about USP technology

Pros and cons of the Swedish stove

The most important thing is that as a result of installing the foundation according to the warm Swedish stove scheme, the developer receives a solution to a whole range of issues:

effective drainage,
anti-frost protection,
energy saving,
heating,
comfortable microclimate,
laying communications,
as well as obtaining a floor surface for finishing coatings.

Other benefits of the scheme include:

For frame houses, USHP compensates for their main drawback - the low heat capacity of the walls. A massive insulated foundation takes on the function of a backup heat accumulator.
Price. Despite the fact that the Swedish scheme is not a cheap pleasure, it includes not only the zero cycle, but a whole set of stages. Performing these works separately costs significantly more in total.
Deadlines. When the work is carried out by a team of qualified specialists, everything will take, on average, about a week.
Versatility. The technology is suitable for most soils and climatic zones of the Russian Federation.
Indispensable in the construction of “passive house” class buildings.

Disadvantages of a foundation based on a warm Swedish stove:

Conditional (psychological) disadvantage: low base. In houses with a regular foundation, a high base is necessary to ensure normal humidity in the rooms. Until now, many of our compatriots tend to consider the height of the basement as one of the guarantees of housing quality.
Maintainability of communications. Since the floor slab is a stressed structure, it is extremely undesirable to violate its integrity to repair bricked up pipelines. On the other hand, there are other installation methods and technical solutions that compensate for the shortcomings of the circuit. But all these measures lead to an increase in costs.
Requires highly qualified performers. Not every team will take on the turnkey delivery of the USP.
It requires significant one-time capital expenditures, therefore it is not suitable for developers who expect construction in small (in terms of money) stages.
Not suitable for peaty soils and other soils with low bearing capacity, as well as areas with large slopes.

Technology development: methods, materials, components

To date, more than 1.5 million houses have been built using the USP scheme in Germany and the Scandinavian countries. In Northern Europe technology insulated monolithic slab foundation received generally accepted status and is reflected in EU building standards. In the USA, complete external insulation of slab foundations is not widespread, since 90% of the country has a frost index of no more than 3000. However, USP has also found application there: first of all, in the construction of “passive houses”.

Over the past 10 years, project developers have given greater preference to extruded polystyrene foam (EPS) as a material that provides more uniform shrinkage of foundations and maintains thermal insulation properties regardless of time and operating conditions. The stresses in concrete arising during the operation of shallow slab foundations were studied in detail. Based on their results, builders abandoned the idea of using insulation materials with different ultimate strengths (previously it was assumed that in order to equalize shrinkage under the floor slab, it was necessary to use less strong slabs than under the stiffeners). It has been proven that the most dangerous stress concentrators in a slab can occur at the junction of different types of heat insulation.

Manufacturers of extruded polystyrene foam began to produce materials and components specialized for the installation of USP.

For example, Dorocell itself currently produces a complete set of “designer” parts for permanent formwork made of EPS. The company's calling card is blocks with built-in guides for fittings. Some brands pay increased attention to the aesthetic properties of the components: the sides of the formwork are molded in the form of plinths of a traditional variable section.

If we talk about the domestic market, then there are 2 brands on the market: TechnoNIKOL and Penoplex. Both companies produce EPS of European quality level for slab foundations built using USHP technology. I would like to dwell in more detail on the specialized series TECHNONICOL CARBON ECO SP. In addition to the basic slab formats, it includes L-shaped profiles for quick installation of sides. In addition to the cross-section, these elements are interesting because CSP (cement-bonded particle boards) are fixed to their base parts on the outside. DSPs allow you to apply decorative plaster without additional preparatory stages. Thus, installation of USP using TechnoNIKOL components is currently the most convenient.

Algorithm for installing an insulated slab foundation

For a full cycle of work on arranging the USP, you will need the following basic materials:

Geotextiles;
100 mm EPS slabs for formwork and 70 mm slabs for insulating the blind area;
fittings Ø12; welded mesh 150×150;
Concrete grade not lower than M350 with the necessary additives, taking into account the pouring time and air temperature, anti-capillary crushed stone, coarse sand;
Pipes of the PEX or P-PE type for a pressure of at least 6 bar at a coolant temperature of up to +95°C, as well as a protective corrugation;
1"" collectors (for a house with an area of no more than 250 sq. m., in most cases, 2 pieces are needed);
Shut-off valves consisting of Eurocone compression fittings, 1" ball valves and a system crimping unit;
Special fasteners consisting of disc-shaped dowels, studded plates, FS-30/40 clamps, double-sided tape.

After completing geological surveys, strength calculations and purchasing materials, the future foundation is marked. Based on the addition of 0.3 - 0.5 m to the edge of the insulated blind area, the perimeter is determined. The axes of the internal load-bearing walls are marked, as well as the points and directions for laying communications. Further work is carried out as follows:

Removing fertile soil;
Laying geotextiles along the bottom with overlapping joints of at least 15 cm;
Layer-by-layer backfilling with crushed stone and sand is carried out. Each layer of 10 - 15 cm is compacted with a vibrating plate with added water for greater compaction;
Laying communications - water supply, sewerage, power cables, ground loop, drainage system. When laying sewer lines, ensure slopes. When arranging drainage, in addition to observing slopes, provide drainage wells. Check the operation of the slopes with water.
Backfill drainage and sewer trenches and check the overall plane of the backfill pad.
Start assembling the insulating formwork. If L-shaped profiles are not used, then you will need to do a significant amount of work. First, the slabs are glued end to end at an angle of 90° using a special glue. For additional fastening, disc dowels and plastic fastening corner elements are used. Secondly, the resulting sides need to be fixed from the outside with plywood or boards, supporting them with slats.
Starting from the second or third layer of polystyrene, niches for stiffeners are formed during installation. The slabs are laid in a horizontal plane “in a staggered manner”, with the joint line offset.
If necessary, a vapor barrier layer is laid on top of the last layer of EPS.
Let's start reinforcing the stiffeners. Reinforcement is provided by four longitudinal reinforcement bars Ø 10 - 12 mm, forming the upper and lower chords. The load-bearing frames are connected using special clamps outside the formwork. The finished power units are installed in the grooves and secured using FS clamps.
Using the same clamps, a 150x150 mesh is mounted for the floor slab (rod diameter 6 - 10 mm).
Heated floor pipes are installed over the laid mesh and secured with nylon clamps. When crossing stiffeners and doorways, pipes must be protected with corrugations.
After installing all the heated floor circuits, they are connected to the collector. The places where pipes rise to the collector are protected by corrugation.
Each circuit is filled with coolant separately. Filling is carried out through the manifold until all air is displaced from the system. Then leak tests are carried out. After testing, it is necessary to crimp all connectors of the system.
Before concreting, it is necessary to check the structure. The check consists of control measurements of the formwork, inspection of the reinforcement, clearing the site of debris, protecting communication terminals from concrete, as well as checking the fixation of these terminals on the formwork. At the end of the preparation, the entire initial situation with the location of communications should be captured in detailed photographs and an internal inspection report of the formwork and engineering systems should be signed.
We select a concrete supplier and order him a mixture with the properties required by the project.
On the day of concreting, large equipment (mixer, concrete pump) is placed, the mixture is accepted for quality, the mixture is laid and maintained. Laying work is carried out in accordance with the standard for carrying out this type of work in compliance with working methods and time intervals. During installation, it is necessary to carefully monitor the flow of mortar under the reinforcement elements. The surface is leveled using vibrating slats. Vibration processing of the incoming mixture is provided in the stiffeners. In order to ensure the required dehydration regime, the concrete is covered with polyethylene film.
In the future, it is necessary to monitor the progress of dehydration and check the surface for a strength gain of 15 kgf/cm2. This indicator makes it possible to carry out other construction work at the site.
While the concrete is gaining strength, you can organize cleaning of the area and lining the outer surface of the base with finishing material.
After covering the base, it is necessary to organize a blind area. It is recommended to lay a drainage membrane on top of the blind area slabs. At the end of the work, the blind area is backfilled.

What stages of installing an insulated Swedish stove are acceptable and advisable to do yourself? If you do not have experience in carrying out the types of work described, then you can only recommend paragraphs for doing it yourself. 2; 6; 7; 8; 10; 14; 15; 17; 18; 19.

Persons who have the necessary skills, but work alone at their site, are allowed to carry out all types of work except concreting. An exception may be objects with a small area (up to 30 - 40 sq. m.).

ENERGY SAVING OF YOUR FUTURE HOME STARTS WITH THE FOUNDATION!

Our company is your competent partner in the construction of USP foundations.
With the presented technology you can save up to 50% on heating costs.
Do you want to build your own house? From this article you can understand how energy-saving a foundation slab can be today.

Protection of L-blocks from external influences- Cement-fiber panels (often also called fiber cement) consist of cement (80-90%), reinforcing fiber and mineral fillers. The most suitable materials for making a protective layer include ACL - an asbestos-cement sheet, on which you can subsequently apply finishing (for example, glue tiles)

20 cm of insulation thickness from the ground gives a thermal conductivity coefficient of U=0.17 W/m²K.
This is the coefficient of thermal conductivity; there are many thermal conductivity calculators on the Internet, for example this one
In a heated floor system, concrete will act as a heat accumulator - TA. In other words, you can refuse to use expensive storage tanks - thermal accumulators - in your home heating system
Concreting and finishing floor screed are combined into one technological operation, which reduces construction time

For several decades now, the USHP foundation (insulated Swedish slab) has been built in Scandinavia and European countries. To resist the harsh northern climate, they simply came up with the idea of putting polystyrene foam insulation on the prepared soil and casting a concrete base on it.

About 20 years ago, the USP system was used for the first time in Germany. Extruded polystyrene foam has a higher density than regular foam and much stronger and therefore more durable. It is more resistant to the chemical influences of the base soil on it, and is sufficiently protected against mice, rodents and, for example, ants.

Gradually, new thermal insulation elements were developed that frame the perimeter of the foundation slab. In the photo you see such an element of permanent formwork.

CONSTRUCTION PROCESS SEQUENCE

At the marked site for the construction of the USP, the top (vegetative) layer of soil is removed to the load-bearing soil, the surface is leveled, then the pit is filled with crushed stone and sand. Sand is poured in layers, compacted using a vibrating plate. Then the installation of pipes of engineering systems is carried out, and a grounding loop is arranged.

On the prepared surface, lay out the insulation, install restrictive side elements - L-blocks.

The slab insulation (including the side elements along the perimeter) creates a continuous thermal insulation circuit. This entire first layer of thermal insulation is covered with a continuous carpet of waterproofing, which protects against rising moisture from the ground.

A second layer of insulation is laid on the waterproofing carpet. This results in 20 cm of thermal insulation below the foundation slab.

INSTALLATION OF WARM FLOOR.

According to the results of the static calculation, reinforcement cages are laid around the perimeter and under the main walls. Then, the heating pipes of water heated floors are arranged for each room with a separate insulated circuit. This allows each room to be heated independently. Now everything is ready to pour the concrete. With the help of a concrete pump, the concrete is laid evenly. Subsequent finishing smoothing of the surface of the slab is carried out using a special tool - popularly called a “helicopter”.

The energy-saving USHP foundation can begin to be built up after the drying phase, in about a week. The necessary installation of a cement-sand screed, as with the traditional method of constructing a foundation slab, is eliminated from the process, which saves during construction the unwanted release of a sufficiently large amount of moisture (up to 80% water) and approximately 6 weeks of construction.

What does 20 cm of thermal insulation under the living space in a USHP foundation give:

Warmth stays in the house
The first layer of 10 cm of thermal insulation along the entire perimeter and a continuous waterproofing carpet prevent the penetration of rising humidity.
The next 10 cm of thermal insulation provides sufficient insulation from cold penetrating from the ground.
Heat is transferred through underfloor heating pipes separately to rooms, which ensures separate adjustment of climate zones.
If the walls and roof of the house are sufficiently insulated, it will be necessary to maintain the temperature of the heating panels at about 28 degrees (the temperature of the circulating fluid is about 30-32 degrees, depending on the type of floor finish). This gives an additional advantage when using low temperature heat sources such as heat pumps, gas condensing boilers.

Concrete accumulates heat!

Use the most modern technology

With a low heating operating temperature, you save min. thirty%
heating costs compared to heating where there is a concrete foundation without thermal insulation.

The underfloor heating system heats only the energy-efficient concrete floor slab, and the concrete stores the heat. With a thermal insulation thickness of = 20 cm, the thermal conductivity coefficient is achieved, U = 0.17 W/m²K (whereas a conventional non-insulated concrete foundation has a value of U = 0.40 W/m²K).

Conclusions: the key things are thermal insulation, heating and concrete (there is no need to install an additional clean floor).

Three components as one whole - so an energy-saving USP foundation is no more expensive than building using traditional technologies. But in the future you save heating costs and have a large floor heating area on the ground floor and do not need to install wall-mounted heating radiators in most cases.

Energy-saving USHP foundation, since energy savings start from the foundation!

OUR FLOOR HEATING SYSTEM IS NOT TRADITIONAL WATER HEATING IN THE FLOOR...

Those who are getting acquainted with our energy-saving USP foundation technology for the first time may think that we are creating “just” an insulated heated foundation.

In this article we would like to discuss these differences in more detail: we do not use the word - "Warm (insulated)" intentionally, and call our heating system as " underfloor heating system ".

Underfloor heating systems are usually installed on a finished concrete floor slab with a 30-50mm layer of thermal insulation, and then a cement-sand screed is placed above them. Thus, only the upper part directly above the pipes themselves, the cement-sand screed, is heated. In our system, we do not use a cement-sand screed, and therefore the building itself remains dry. An energy-saving concrete slab with a heating circuit separate for each room serves as a heat accumulator. Due to the extremely good thermal insulation from the ground, heat is not lost (thermal conductivity coefficient is possible up to U = 0.12 W/m²K with an insulation thickness of 300 mm).

There is also a difference in the operating temperature of the coolant: our “energy-saving USP foundation system” reaches a comfortable temperature in the entire house already at approximately 30 ° coolant. And this is where energy savings begin: since heating (regardless of whether you are heated with gas, oil products or using heat pump technology) requires a small amount of energy to maintain the operating temperature of the coolant. Gone are the days when high surface temperatures created an uncomfortable situation for your feet. We only need a few hours for your underfloor heating to warm your home. In the shortest possible time" underfloor heating system"allows you to achieve comfortable temperatures in the house.

Can also be laid parquet! Wooden floors and underfloor heating go well together in our " underfloor heating system"due to low coolant temperature.

Dust convection With radiator heating, it becomes a thing of the past, which allows you to breathe freely, especially for those with allergies. Say NO to allergies!!!

Layout - drawing " underfloor heating systems".

Here you can see an example of an "underfloor heating system". The layout (installation) distance between the pipes is variable and is calculated on the basis of thermal calculations. Usually, near external cold walls, the pipe spacing is smaller; in the middle of rooms and closer to the center of the house, it is larger.

The length of the heating pipes depends on the hydraulic resistance, the pipes are continuous (without connections in concrete)
Low temperature of the heated surface: Parquet is no longer a problem
Effective thermal insulation from the ground, and a concrete floor with heat accumulation
Application of various types of heating: gas, oil products, heat pump
In each room you can independently set the operating temperature of the coolant
The coolant temperature does not exceed - 30 ° Celsius
No dust convection
No heating radiators
No expansion joints in the floor
Lack of cement-sand floor screed

Do you want to build a house on an energy-efficient and durable foundation? Choose insulated Swedish stoves. When laying this material, utility lines are simultaneously created.

USHP is a shallow foundation slab embedded in the ground. Insulation is installed around the perimeter of the structure and under the base. It is equipped with utilities and a heated floor system.

An insulated Swedish slab (USP) is both a ready-made solid foundation and a subfloor of the lower floor with an integrated heating system. A perfectly flat base surface reduces the cost of interior finishing work.

Calculate the cost

Advantages of USP

The main advantage of USP is that it is a comprehensive solution. You can build a foundation of a similar type separately, using different technologies and materials. However, this approach increases construction costs. An insulated Swedish slab is a more economical and faster way to construct a monolithic base.

Foundations based on USHP can be laid on any soil. This results in an insulated base with a finished base.
The ceiling of the first floor is completely ready for finishing. The ideally flat surface is suitable for laying coverings without a screed device.
The USP has built-in utilities - pipes for water supply, electrical, sewerage.
The foundation has an effective drainage and drainage system, which allows you to keep house structures dry.
A low-temperature water heating system is integrated, for which you only need to connect the boiler equipment.
Insulation around the USP completely protects the structure from frost heaving.
Energy efficiency of the foundation. An insulated Swedish stove allows you to save on heating costs.
Efficient heat accumulator.
Fast installation - up to 2 weeks.

When laying USHP, several factors are taken into account: potential pressure on the entire structure, freezing depth and soil properties.

Stages of arrangement of USP.

The first stage of building a house is laying the foundation. At the same time, the main requirements for the foundation are efficiency, reliability and minimal costs. The emergence of innovative materials and technologies on the construction market makes it possible to achieve high results in solving this issue. The USHP foundation, or, more simply put, an insulated Swedish slab, has high quality characteristics.

USHP foundation for home and garden

When constructing low-rise buildings, the USP foundation is of great importance, since it combines the minimum budget and quality of living. In essence, this technology represents a conventional insulated base slab. The foundation can be poured without the use of special equipment and with minimal labor costs. Thanks to modern technologies and high-quality building materials, all communication systems can be installed inside the structure. These qualities make the technology especially advantageous when building a summer house or other low-rise structure.

Advantages of Swedish insulated board

A foundation made using insulated Swedish plate technology has many advantages over other types of foundation:

The soil under the insulated monolithic slab does not freeze or swell, so construction is possible on any type of soil.
Communication systems are laid directly into the base, which eliminates the possibility of freezing.
The flat surface of the foundation allows you to lay the flooring without additional finishing.
Installation in a short period of time. The absence of the need for additional screeds reduces the construction time of the foundation to 7 days.
Thanks to high-quality insulation of the foundation, heating costs are reduced.
The ability to carry out the entire process with your own hands without the use of special construction equipment.

The essence of technology and device diagram

The technology for arranging the USP involves the creation of a multi-layer structure of the base when it is shallowly buried. A smooth concrete base can serve as a subfloor. High-quality thermal insulation before pouring the concrete layer makes it possible to obtain high thermal insulation characteristics. The ability to install communication systems directly in the foundation also has its advantages. In addition, the USHP prevents freezing and movement of the soil under the house.

As already mentioned, the insulated Swedish stove is a multilayer technology in which a certain order of laying the layers must be observed:

Initially, the area is covered with a layer of coarse sand.
Then the geological textile is laid.
It is being built from underneath the foundation.
Another layer of sand is poured.
Insulation is laid around the perimeter of the building and under the blind area.
Then the entire base is covered with insulation.
Reinforcement is being carried out.
A layer of concrete mortar is poured.

USHP foundation: step-by-step implementation

One of the advantages of arranging a foundation using Swedish technology is the ability to carry out all the work independently. The main disadvantage is the inability to repair existing communications. Therefore, in the process of laying the foundation, a strict order of layers must be observed, and each step must be deliberate.

Site marking

At this stage, the house design is transferred to the area. The boundaries of the foundation are marked and the routes for supplying communication systems are planned. In order to prevent water from reaching the foundation contours, a storm drain is laid at the same time.

Excavation

To build a foundation using the insulated Swedish slab technology, you do not need a deep hole; it is enough to dig a pit 40-50 cm deep. The most important thing is to remove the entire fertile layer so that the soil with vegetation does not attract moisture and does not create conditions for the appearance of moldy fungus. You can hire special equipment for the work, but given the shallow depth, it will be cheaper to do the work manually.

Then a sand cushion is installed. To do this, pour a layer of sand, moisten it with water and compact it thoroughly.

The boundaries of the pit should be located at a distance of at least 1 meter from the perimeter of the base. A drainage system will be installed here. The soil is selected for it, creating trenches for laying drainage pipes. The bottom of the trenches is compacted with clay. To do this, pour an even layer of material, moisten it and compact it thoroughly.

Arrangement of the drainage system

The pit is covered with geological textiles, and the material must be placed on the walls. Then a layer of fine crushed stone is poured, compacting it in the trenches. Drainage pipes are laid on top of the crushed stone and crushed stone is poured again. The entire surface is again covered with geotextiles. It is worth noting that the protection of the insulated Swedish stove is of great importance.

Laying communications

The layout of communication systems, including water supply and sewerage, must be indicated in advance, since they are laid directly into the monolith. In this case, it is important to duplicate the circuits so that in case of an unforeseen situation, the supply and drainage of water does not stop. The laid pipes of the water supply and sewerage system are covered with a layer of sand, which must be thoroughly compacted. It is best to perform this process using a vibrating plate.

Laying insulation

Insulation of the base is a very important point, since it is this layer that prevents heat from escaping from the house into the ground and prevents cold from penetrating from the soil into the room. It is recommended to lay the insulation in two rows: the first row covers the perimeter of the base and the blind area, the second is laid offset from the edge by 45 cm, creating stiffening ribs. When laying flat sheets of insulation, special plastic nails with wide heads are used for fastening.

Insulation boards must be placed in a checkerboard pattern, since combined joints can become a kind of cold bridges.

You can use L-shaped elements, which, thanks to their design features, can be installed without additional fastening.

Selection of thermal insulation material

High-quality insulation will help avoid problems with the foundation. You can maintain normal temperature conditions in the room using a material with low thermal conductivity.

The building materials market represents a huge number of insulation materials. But for an insulated Swedish stove it is better to use Penoplex. This material has some advantages:

Long lasting.
Prevents the proliferation of microorganisms.
Environmentally friendly.
Resistant to high humidity.

Reinforcement and installation of heated floors

The reinforcing mesh is also laid in two layers. First, the first mesh is laid, on which the heated floor system is mounted, then the second reinforcing layer comes. It is important to remember that in this case it is not recommended to connect the reinforcement bars by welding, since a loss of rigidity may occur as a result of heating. The best option for connecting rods is considered.

Installation of heated floors is carried out on special stands made of high-quality plastic. When installing the system, it is important to take into account the future layout of the house, including the arrangement of furniture in the rooms, in order to avoid unnecessary energy costs.

Rules for laying underfloor heating pipes

To avoid unpleasant moments when using a heated floor, you should adhere to certain rules:

To achieve greater thermal output, pipes should be laid more densely. Therefore, the pipes should lie more densely near the walls than in the middle of the room.
The minimum distance between pipes is 10 cm; denser laying will lead to overuse of pipes, but the effect will remain the same.
You should not make the distance between the pipes more than 25 cm so that the temperature is evenly distributed over the surface.
When laying heated floors, the distance from the external walls should be at least 15 cm.

Following these simple rules will ensure comfortable indoor conditions.

Installation of formwork system

The formwork is designed to hold the concrete mass. It is possible to use the classic version of either boards and appropriate supports. The inside of the formwork is lined with polystyrene to obtain a flat and smooth surface. Since contact of the formwork structure with the concrete solution is excluded, the material used can be used in further construction.

Pouring concrete mass

At the final stage, the entire structure is filled with concrete. In this case, the process should be one-time, batch filling should be performed with an interval of no more than 1 hour. We must not forget about compacting the solution, for which it is advisable to use a vibrating plate. To achieve a smooth surface, the finished monolithic base is ground. After a day, you can remove the formwork system.

During the concrete curing process, it is important to ensure proper care of the foundation. To do this, in hot weather, moisten the surface and cover it with plastic film, protecting it from precipitation.

The technology of insulated Swedish slabs for foundation construction makes it possible to reduce the time allotted for construction. In addition, there is a real opportunity to save on heating costs, thanks to the high energy-saving characteristics of this type of base.