Postings for vacation pay. All accounting entries for vacations Accounting entries for accounting for vacation pay

Regulatory documents provide for the following options for reflecting expenses for annual leave in accounting:

• in order to evenly include upcoming expenses in the production or distribution costs of the reporting period, the organization can create a reserve fund for the upcoming payment of vacations to employees (clause 72 of the Regulations on accounting in the Russian Federation, approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated July 29, 1998 No. 34n);
• directly to the cost accounting accounts and other sources, provided that the duration of the vacation falls within the boundaries of one calendar month, and the organization does not create a reserve for the upcoming payment of vacations to employees (Chart of accounts for accounting financial and economic activities of organizations and instructions for its use, approved by order of the Ministry of Finance RF dated October 31, 2000 No. 94n);
• to accounting accounts for future expenses, if the organization does not create a reserve for the upcoming payment of vacations to employees, and the duration of the vacation falls on several calendar months, in terms of amounts accrued for vacations falling on subsequent calendar months (clause 65 of the Accounting Regulations in RF, approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated July 29, 1998 No. 34n).

The chosen option for accounting for vacation expenses must be enshrined in the organization’s accounting policies.
Let's consider all these options.

Creation of a reserve fund for upcoming vacation payments to employees
Almost all organizations provide their employees with vacations unevenly throughout the year. Usually most of them occur in the summer. But in a number of organizations, depending on the specifics of the activity, the main holiday load may fall on another season. Thus, it is unlikely that the head of a travel company will be happy if all his employees go on vacation in the summer.
In order to avoid uneven distribution of vacation costs, the organization has the right to create a reserve for this purpose.
The reserve includes not only the amounts of accrued vacation pay, but also taxes accrued in accordance with the law.
Contributions to this fund are made evenly throughout the year.
The procedure for creating a reserve fund in accounting is not approved by law. Therefore, the organization has the right to develop this procedure itself.
If an organization has decided to create a reserve for upcoming vacation payments, then the most optimal would be to choose the procedure for creating such a reserve proposed in tax accounting.
An example of the calculation will be given in the “Tax accounting of vacation pay” section.
But you can choose another option for creating a reserve, for example, based on the amount of planned costs for vacation pay.
Example 1

The amount of monthly contributions to the reserve will be: 180,000 / 12 = 15,000 rubles.

When creating a reserve in an organization, a calculation (estimate) is drawn up. The calculation should be made on the basis of primary documents, for example, regulations on remuneration, staffing, and vacation schedules. Therefore, all calculation indicators must be linked to the data in these documents.
Reservations for upcoming vacation payments are reflected in the credit of account 96 “Reserves for future expenses” in correspondence with the accounts for production costs and sales expenses: Debit 20 accounts, 23 , 25 , 26 , 29 , 44 Credit bills 96
The use of the reserve occurs as vacations are granted to employees and is reflected in the debit of account 96 “Reserves for future expenses” in correspondence with the settlement accounts:
Debit bills 96 bills 70“Settlements with personnel for wages” - reflects the accrued amounts of wages to employees during vacation;
Debit bills 96 subaccount “Reserve for upcoming vacation pay” Credit bills 69“Calculations for social insurance and security” - reflect the accrued unified social tax, contributions to the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation and the contribution for insurance against industrial accidents.
The reserve for upcoming vacation payments to employees is periodically subject to inventory; at the end of the year it is mandatory. Thus, in the annual balance sheet the reserve should be shown in an updated form. The clarification is made based on the number of days of unused vacation, the average daily amount of expenses for remuneration of employees (taking into account the established methodology for calculating average earnings) and mandatory contributions to the Social Insurance Fund of the Russian Federation, the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation, for medical insurance and for insurance against industrial accidents. Thus, a calculation justifying the balance of the reserve at the end of the year must be attached to the inventory sheet.
If an organization provides vacations for the current year in the next year, it is entitled to the balance of the reserve for upcoming vacation payments at the beginning of the year.
If the inventory reveals that the amount of the reserve actually accrued during the year exceeds the amount of the calculation confirmed by the inventory, then in December of the reporting year a reversal entry is made in the debit of the accounts for accounting for production costs and sales expenses: Debit 20 accounts, 23 , 25 , 26 , 29 , 44 Credit bills 96 subaccount “Reserve for upcoming vacation pay.”
If it is discovered that the amount in the fund has not been accrued, then in December an additional entry is made to include additional amounts in the reserve for upcoming vacation pay: Debit 20 accounts, 23 , 25 , 26 , 29 , 44 Credit bills 96 subaccount “Reserve for upcoming vacation pay.”
If an organization decides next year to change its accounting policy and not create reserves for vacation pay, then the unused balance of the reserve as of January 1 of the following year should be added to the financial result of the organization. This operation is reflected in the turnover for January of the following year by including them in non-operating income: Debit bills 96 subaccount “Reserve for upcoming vacation pay” Credit accounts 91/1"Other income"

Accrual of vacation pay amounts to expense accounts and other sources

Expenses for ordinary activities of the organization also include labor costs.
Accrued vacation pay amounts can be reflected in the credit of account 70 “Settlements with personnel for wages” in correspondence with the debit of the following accounts:
08 - workers involved in equipment installation, construction and other capital works;
20 - workers of main production;
23 - employees of auxiliary (auxiliary) production, in particular boiler houses, transport and repair shops, etc.;
25 - employees engaged in general production work (maintenance and operation of machinery and equipment, repair of fixed assets and other property used in production, maintenance of production premises, etc.);
26 - employees of the administrative and management level and general business personnel not related to the production process;
28 - workers involved in correcting marriages;
29 - employees on the balance sheet of the organization of service industries and farms, whose activities are not related to the production of products, performance of work and provision of services that were the purpose of creating this organization: housing and communal services (operation of residential buildings, dormitories, laundries, bathhouses, etc.); P.); sewing and other consumer service workshops; canteens and buffets; preschool institutions (kindergartens, nurseries); rest homes, sanatoriums and other health, cultural and educational institutions;
44 - employees of trade organizations, as well as employees of industrial and other production enterprises engaged in the sale of products, goods, works and services;
86 - employees involved in the implementation of targeted financing activities;
91/2 - to employees involved in the sale and liquidation of fixed assets, as well as employees whose vacations cannot be taken into account in the cost of the organization.

Assigning vacation pay amounts to deferred expenses

In principle, in the accounting policy, the organization must choose one of two options for accruing vacation amounts: by creating a reserve for upcoming vacation payments or directly to cost accounts. The use of account 97 “Deferred expenses” is obtained automatically in the second option, if the boundaries of the leave granted to the employee extend beyond the calendar month.
In this case, the amounts of vacation pay and the corresponding unified social tax and insurance premium for industrial accidents falling on the following months are taken into account in account 97 “Future expenses”.

Example 2
The employee was granted a vacation of 28 calendar days from June 26 to July 23, 2006. Thus, June accounts for 5 calendar days of vacation, and July - 23 calendar days. Let’s assume that an employee is accrued 7,000 rubles for vacation. Unified social tax for vacation pay is accrued at a rate of 26% in the amount of 1820 rubles, an insurance premium for accidents at work at a rate of 0.5 is accrued in the amount of 35 rubles.
Let's calculate the amount of vacation pay, unified social tax and contributions per day of vacation:
7000 rub. / 28 calendar days = 250 rub. - vacation pay for 1 day;
1820 rub. / 28 calendar days = 65 rub. - UST for 1 day of vacation;
35 rub. / 28 calendar days = 1.25 rub. - insurance premium against accidents at work for 1 day of vacation.
The following entries should be made in the accounting records in June 2006:
Debit bills 20 bills 70- 1250 rub. (250 × 5) - amounts accrued for the part of the vacation falling in June;
Debit bills 20(other cost accounts) Credit bills 69- 325 rub. (65 × 5) - UST amounts accrued for the part of the vacation falling in June;
Debit bills 20(other cost accounts) Credit bills 69- 6.25 rub. (1.25 × 5) - the amount of insurance premium against industrial accidents accrued for the part of the vacation falling in June;
Debit bills 97 Credit bills 70
Debit bills 97 Credit bills 69
Debit bills 97 Credit bills 69
In July 2006, the following entries will be made:
Debit bills 20(other cost accounts) Credit bills 97- 5750 rub. (250 × 23) - amounts accrued for the part of the vacation falling in July;
Debit bills 20(other cost accounts) Credit bills 97- 1495 rub. (65 × 23) - UST amounts accrued for the part of the vacation falling in July;
Debit bills 20(other cost accounts) Credit bills 97- 28.75 rub. (1.25 × 23) - the amount of insurance premium against industrial accidents accrued for the part of the vacation falling in July.

Tax accounting of vacation pay
Amounts of expenses for vacation pay are recognized as labor costs and reduce the tax base for income tax (clause 7 of Article 255 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).
The exception is additional leave provided by organizations to their employees for a duration exceeding that established by law. In this case, that part of the vacation that exceeds the legal norm is accrued from the profit remaining after taxation.
For tax accounting purposes, an organization can choose one of two options for accounting for vacations:

• amounts accrued for vacation are directly recognized as labor costs according to the rules for accounting for direct or indirect expenses;
• by creating a reserve for upcoming vacation expenses.

Recognition of vacation pay directly as part of labor costs

First of all, the procedure for recognizing expenses depends on the method of calculating the tax base for income tax adopted by the organization.
If an organization uses the accrual method, then the entire amount of vacation pay is taken into account in the expenses of the reporting (tax) period when they are accrued (clause 4 of Article 272 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).
If the organization uses the cash method of accounting for income and expenses, then the amount of accrued vacation pay is recognized as an expense at the time of payment (subclause 1, clause 3, article 273 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).
We remind you that the cash method of accounting for income and expenses can be used by organizations whose average revenue from the sale of goods (work, services) excluding VAT over the previous four quarters did not exceed 1 million rubles. for every quarter.
For organizations that use the accrual method (and these are the majority), the second important point is to classify labor costs as direct or indirect expenses.

Federal Law No. 58-FZ of June 6, 2005 introduced changes to the Tax Code of the Russian Federation regarding the procedure for the formation of direct and indirect expenses. These changes apply to legal relations arising from January 1, 2005.

The taxpayer now has the right to independently determine in the accounting policy for tax purposes the list of direct expenses associated with the production of goods (performance of work, provision of services). Previously, the list of direct expenses was closed. These included only:

• material costs, in terms of raw materials, materials and semi-finished products used in production;
• expenses for remuneration of personnel involved in the process of production of goods, performance of work, provision of services, as well as the amount of unified social tax accrued on the specified amounts of labor expenses;
• the amount of accrued depreciation on fixed assets used in the production of goods, works, and services.

All expenses that the taxpayer classifies as indirect reduce the tax base of the current reporting (tax) period in full. Thus, vacation pay accrued to employees whose labor costs are included in indirect expenses are recognized in full at the time they are accrued.
Vacation pay for employees whose labor costs are included in direct expenses are considered expenses of the current reporting (tax) period as products, works, and services are sold, in the cost of which they are taken into account in accordance with Art. 319 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.
The organization independently selects and establishes in its accounting policies the procedure for distributing direct expenses for work in progress and for products manufactured in the current month (work performed, services rendered).
The amount of work in progress balances at the end of the current month is included in the direct expenses of the next month. At the end of the tax period, the amount of work in progress balances at the end of the tax period is included in the direct expenses of the next tax period.
Thus, expenses for vacation pay, included in direct expenses, will be taken into account to reduce the tax base according to the rules for the distribution of direct expenses for work in progress and for products manufactured in the current month (work performed, services rendered).
Direct costs attributable to products produced in the reporting (tax) period are distributed between products shipped but not sold at the end of the current month and products sold. Consequently, the vacation pay included in them is distributed in the same way.
The exception is organizations providing services. They have the right to attribute the amount of direct expenses incurred in the reporting (tax) period in full to the reduction of income from production and sales of this reporting (tax) period without distribution to the balances of work in progress.
Attention! According to paragraph 1 of Art. 272 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, expenses accepted for tax purposes are recognized as such in the reporting (tax) period to which they relate. Thus, we can conclude that if the boundaries of an employee’s vacation fall on different reporting (tax) periods, then they should be distributed according to the same rules as in accounting (an example of distribution is given in the section “Accounting for vacation pay”). If the vacation falls on different calendar months within the same reporting (tax) period, then distribution is not required.

Creating a reserve for upcoming vacation expenses

The procedure for creating a reserve for upcoming expenses for vacation pay is set out in Art. 324.1 Tax Code of the Russian Federation. The organization makes decisions to create such a reserve in order to evenly account for expenses for tax purposes.

The accounting tax policy should reflect the following points:

• accepted method of reservation;
• maximum contribution amount;
• monthly percentage of contributions to the reserve.

For these purposes, the organization draws up a special calculation, which reflects the calculation of the amount of monthly contributions to the specified reserve, based on information about the estimated annual amount of expenses for vacation pay, including the amount of the Unified Tax on these expenses. In this case, the percentage of contributions to the specified reserve is determined as the ratio of the estimated annual amount of expenses for vacation pay to the estimated annual amount of labor costs, multiplied by 100%. The estimated annual wage costs do not take into account the amount of estimated vacation pay.
According to paragraph 1 of Art. 318 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, from January 1, 2005, insurance contributions for compulsory pension insurance are included in labor costs related to direct expenses.
Contributions for compulsory social insurance against industrial accidents and occupational diseases are considered other expenses related to production and sales, and are not taken into account when forming a reserve for upcoming expenses for vacation pay (clause 45 of Article 264 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, letter from the Department of Tax Administration for the city of Moscow dated July 30, 2004 No. 26-12/50943).
The percentage of contributions to the reserve for future expenses for vacation pay can be determined using the following formula:
P = (GOTP + UST) / (GOTP + UST) × 100%,
where GOTP is the annual amount of expenses for vacation pay;
GOT is the annual amount of labor costs.
Next, the amount of monthly contributions to the reserve is determined using the formula:
OTCH = (OTm + ESN) × P,
where OTm is monthly labor costs.

Example 3
The organization decided to create a reserve for upcoming expenses to pay for vacations. Estimated expenses for the year:

• for wages (excluding vacations) - 900,000 rubles, including unified social tax;
• for vacation pay - 180,000 rubles, including unified social tax.

Let's calculate the percentage of contributions to the reserve fund: P = 180,000 / 900,000 × 100% = 20%.
Maximum amount of contributions to the reserve fund: PS = 900,000 × 20% = 180,000 rubles.
Labor costs for the month amount to 75,000 rubles. (900,000 / 12).
Let's calculate the amount of monthly contributions to the reserve fund: OTCH = 75,000 × 20% = 15,000 rubles.

Expenses for the formation of a reserve for upcoming expenses for vacation pay are included in the accounts for accounting expenses for remuneration of the relevant categories of employees. In other words, when deducting vacation pay to the reserve fund, one should not forget about the distribution of expenses into direct and indirect.
The maximum amount of contributions to the vacation reserve is also calculated based on the estimate.
At the end of the tax period, the taxpayer is required to conduct an inventory of the specified reserve.
Attention! Unlike accounting, where the inventory of the reserve for vacation pay can be carried out periodically, in tax accounting it is carried out only at the end of the tax period.
The amounts of the specified reserve that were underused on the last day of the current tax period are subject to mandatory inclusion in the tax base of the current tax period.
Under underutilized reserve you should understand the difference between the amount of the reserve for vacation pay accrued in the reporting period and the amount of actual expenses for paying for vacations used in the tax period (taking into account the unified social tax) and for the upcoming payment of statutory holidays not used in the reporting year (taking into account the unified tax calculated according to the methodology used when forming a reserve).
To determine the adjusted amount of the reserve, it is necessary to clarify the number of days of unused vacation, the average daily amount of expenses for remuneration of employees (taking into account the established methodology for calculating average earnings) and mandatory UST deductions. By multiplying these amounts, we obtain the adjusted reserve amount.
Further actions depend on the organization's decision to make changes to its accounting policies.
If the organization decides next year to form a reserve for upcoming expenses for vacation pay, then it has the right not to include the amount of the reserve specified in the above manner in the non-operating expenses of that year.
If the organization considers it inappropriate to form a reserve for upcoming expenses to pay for vacations in the next year, then the amount of the balance of the specified reserve, identified as a result of the inventory as of December 31 of the year in which it was accrued, is included for tax purposes in non-operating income of the current tax period .
Thus, if the organization does not change its accounting policy regarding the creation of a reserve for vacation pay for the next tax period, then at the end of the reporting tax period the organization may have the balance of an underused reserve determined by the inventory results.
But the opposite situation may also arise when the organization does not have enough funds from the actually accrued reserve. For example, employees were hired who have the right to receive leave at any time convenient for them.
In this case, on December 31 of the reporting year, the organization’s expenses should include the amount of actual expenses for vacation pay and, accordingly, the amount of unified social tax for which the specified reserve was not previously created.

Example 4
Let's use the conditions of the previous example.
One of the employees was recalled from vacation during the year due to production needs. At the end of the year, he had 12 calendar days of vacation left unused.
The amount of vacation pay for one day of vacation is 250 rubles, the unified social tax for this amount is 65 rubles.
Thus, the adjusted amount of the reserve at the end of the year will be 3,780 rubles. ((250 + 65) × 12). This amount is not included in non-operating expenses, but remains as part of the underutilized reserve.

Example 5
The organization hired a minor employee on August 1, 2005, who wrote an application requesting leave of 30 calendar days from December 1, 2005.
The payment fund in the organization has not changed, because the employee was hired to replace another employee who resigned. The resigned employee used his full vacation before leaving.
Thus, the reserve fund has been fully used.
Since another vacation could not be taken into account when drawing up the estimate, the entire amount accrued to the new employee for vacation and the corresponding unified social tax should be included as of December 31 in the organization’s expenses.

Taxation of holiday pay

Amounts of expenses for vacation pay are classified as labor costs. Consequently, taxation of these expenses is carried out in a similar manner.
Personal income tax (NDFL) is withheld from accrued vacation pay amounts at a rate of 13%.
The organization must transfer to the budget the personal income tax withheld from vacation pay no later than the day of actual receipt of cash from the bank for the payment of income, as well as the day of transfer of income from the accounts of tax agents in the bank to the accounts of the taxpayer or, on his behalf, to the accounts of third parties in banks (clause 6 Article 226 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).
The organization must accrue unified social tax on the accrued amounts of vacation pay.
According to paragraph 3 of Art. 243 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, payment of monthly advance payments under the Unified Social Tax is made no later than the 15th day of the month following the month in which the vacation pay amounts are accrued.
Also, contributions for insurance against industrial accidents and occupational diseases are also calculated on the accrued amounts of vacation pay.
These contributions are transferred to the budget within the period established for receiving (transferring) funds from banks to pay wages for the past month (clause 4, article 22 of the Federal Law of July 24, 1998 No. 125-FZ “On compulsory social insurance against accidents”) cases at work and occupational diseases").

Attention! The amounts accrued on vacation taxes are transferred within the specified time frame, regardless of whether the vacation boundaries fall within the same reporting (tax) period or not.

What expenses would you include vacation pay for production workers?

90% To direct

10% To indirect

Survey on glavbukh.ru

The company simultaneously recognized the vacation pay of production workers, the salaries of shop managers (shop manager, site foreman, department head) and insurance premiums from these amounts. This was allowed by the accounting policy, which classified these expenses as indirect. The inspectors decided that both vacation pay and management salaries are direct expenses. The organization had to write them off gradually as products were sold. This means that she overestimated income tax expenses by more than 33 million rubles.

Having disagreed with the tax authorities, the company went to court and won the case ( Resolution of the Ninth Arbitration Court of Appeal dated June 26, 2015 No. 09AP-22378 /2015). The lawyer who defended the organization in court shared the details with Glavbukh.

Inspectors' opinion

The company independently divides expenses in tax accounting into direct and indirect. But this distribution should not be arbitrary, but depend on the technological process of the taxpayer. Remuneration of personnel involved in the production process is classified as direct costs ( clause 1 art. 318 Tax Code of the Russian Federation). These should also include vacation pay for these workers. Indeed, in tax accounting this is part of labor costs ( clause 7 art. 255 Tax Code of the Russian Federation). The management personnel of the workshop, including the supervisor, the foreman and the head of the workshop department, are involved in the production of goods. Therefore, their salaries should also be included in direct expenses.

OLEG GOOD,

State Councilor of the Russian Federation, 3rd class

Editorial advice: specify the write-off of costs in the accounting policy

Nine out of ten colleagues classify workers' vacation pay as a direct expense. This was shown by a survey on the website glavbukh.ru. It’s safe to do this, because even some judges consider this option fair ( Resolution of the Arbitration Court of the Volga District of April 15, 2015 No. F06-22131 /2013). But 10 percent of colleagues still classify disputed payments as indirect expenses in order to speed up the write-off of costs. Then it is better to avoid standard formulations in accounting policies. Do not write that you include wages for production workers as direct expenses, because it also includes vacation pay. It’s better this way: “Direct expenses include the wages of employees directly involved in the production of products, accrued for time worked or for the number of products produced.”

It is also safer to include the salaries of managers of production departments and workshops in direct expenses and recognize them as products are sold. If the company is ready for a dispute, then, as a precaution, make a reservation in the accounting policy that only the wages of production workers are considered direct expenses, with the exception of payments to management employees of workshops.

Study industry guidelines for calculating product costs. Perhaps she requires that vacation pay for workers and the salaries of shop managers be classified as indirect expenses. Then establish in your accounting policy that you keep records as required by the instructions.

Company arguments

The accounting policy of the organization stipulates that direct expenses include those that fall on count 20“Main production” before general production costs are transferred to it. She takes workers' vacation pay into account count 25"General production expenses." This is required by industry costing guidelines. A link to this document is given in the accounting policy. Therefore, the company rightfully classified these expenses as indirect. As for management personnel, their responsibilities include directing and coordinating the production and economic activities of a workshop or work site, and not performing production operations. This means that the company was also not obliged to include their salaries in direct expenses.

VALENTIN LARIN,

Senior Manager, Tax Consulting Practice, BDO Unicon JSC

What companies argued with inspectors recently

Situation	Arguments of the judges
About expenses The costs of a bank guarantee are immediately deducted from taxable profit.
The company paid the bank a fee for providing a bank guarantee necessary to obtain a loan. And included it as expenses for the period when the guarantee was received. The inspectorate recognized the prematureness of writing off costs. And she demanded that they be excluded from profits gradually - during the period for which the loan was received.	The tax authorities were wrong. Gradually write off expenses under contracts associated with long-term receipt of income ( clause 1 art. 272 Tax Code of the Russian Federation). These do not include the cost of a bank guarantee. It is not directly related to income. These are non-operating expenses ( subp. 15 clause 1 art. 265 Tax Code of the Russian Federation). They immediately reduce profits ( Resolution of the Arbitration Court of the East Siberian District dated June 19, 2015 in case No. A19-15281 /2014).
About contributions No need to pay contributions from additional payments to benefits
The employees went on maternity leave. The company voluntarily provided them with additional payments to state child care benefits. From these amounts, the inspectors demanded contributions to extra-budgetary funds.	Contributions are not charged. They are collected from payments to staff regulated by labor relations. And additional payments were made to employees who are on vacation. Its amount does not depend on the results of labor and is not related to labor relations. This is a non-taxable social benefit ( Resolution of the Arbitration Court of the West Siberian District dated June 4, 2015 in case No. A27-16377 /2014).
About loans Interest on an unpaid loan can be written off
The company received a loan and transferred an advance from this money to the counterparty. But he did not ship the goods. According to inspectors, this means that the loan did not pay off. Therefore, interest cannot be written off when calculating income tax.	Profits can be reduced. Recognition of expenses is independent of the actions of the supplier. The agreement with the bank states: the loan was taken to replenish working capital. This means that lending is aimed at generating income. This indicates that the costs are justified ( Resolution of the Arbitration Court of the Volga District of June 23, 2015 No. F06-24552 /2015).
About acts It is not necessary to detail the acts for services
The acts for consulting services did not indicate the duration of consultations or the cost of one hour of a consultant’s work. Tax officials said that there was not enough information, the services were not provided in reality. This means that deducting VAT on these services is illegal.	The inspectors are wrong. The absence of information in the acts about the duration of consultations does not refute the provision of the services themselves. They are related to the company’s activities; the inspection did not refute their necessity. The company has invoices, the deduction is legal ( Resolution of the Arbitration Court of the Ural District dated June 9, 2015 No. F09-3067 /15).

The accrual of vacation pay entries is reflected according to the rules used to reflect calculations for wages of hired personnel. A distinctive feature of transactions with vacation amounts is the possibility of their return in cases provided for by law, payment in advance, and the use of different sources of funds for payments (reserve or current expenses).

To account for vacation accruals and payments in accounting, a synthetic 70 account is used. Credit turnovers indicate accrued amounts that are subject to payment. The debit movement on the account reflects the fact that money is issued or transferred to the employee.

Typical holiday pay postings

In the process of accruing amounts for vacations to employees, cost accounts can enter into correspondence with account 70 to identify the type of production and divide the costs of maintaining personnel in different departments, highlighting cases of spending funds from previously created reserves for these purposes. At the time of payment of vacation pay, after deduction of tax from the accrued amounts, account 70 participates in transactions with cash accounts - 50 when paid at the cash desk or 51 when credited to a bank card.

When vacation pay is paid, the entries must be supplemented by entries for income tax withholding and the imposition of insurance premiums on the amount. Typical correspondence on payments involving the vacation reserve:

• D20 - K96 - funds are reserved for future vacation pay payments;
• D96 - K70 - payment for annual leave has been accrued, the source of payment for which is the reserve fund;
• D96 – K69 – insurance premiums are reflected;
• D70 – K68 – shows the amounts withheld as part of personal income tax;
• D70 - K50 or 51 - the balance of vacation pay after tax was issued to the employee.

If vacation payments are included in current expenses, then expense accounts (20, 25, 23, 26, 44, 29) will be included in debit when accruing in conjunction with account 70. If the employee who has taken leave has not worked the period required to grant it, then such days are provided to him in advance. In such a situation, part of the days can be paid from the reserve (those days that the employee is entitled to for the months already worked) and from current expenses (advance vacation period). When dismissal after using advance leave, a deduction is made for unworked vacation days; the postings reflect this operation using reversal. In red they duplicate the accrual record with the debit of expense accounts and the credit of account 70. The adjustment of income tax amounts with insurance premiums is shown similarly.

There are two possible cases when compensation is paid for unused vacation (the postings are the same in both situations):

• an employee who did not have time to use all the rest days allotted to him wrote a letter of resignation without providing him with vacation - vacation pay must be accrued and given to the employee as part of compensation payments;
• the employee does not want to use the entire vacation and has written a request to be compensated for the remaining days.

In the second situation, pregnant women and minor team members cannot exercise the right to compensation without providing days of rest.

When vacation compensation is paid upon dismissal, the postings are the same as in the case of regular vacation pay. Correspondence may be carried out against costs or reserves. The accounting records must contain entries confirming the fact of tax withholding and accrual with the subsequent payment of insurance premiums.

Vacation accountingin accounting registers is maintained according to schemes unified for all types of labor payments. Let's study the algorithm for accounting for vacations by small and large firms in more detail.

What accounts are the main workers' vacation pay placed on?

Vacation payments in any variety (for main, additional vacation - according to the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, corporate - according to the collective agreement), as well as compensation for unused vacation are reflected in the accounting registers in the same way as calculating employee salaries using:

1. accounts for displaying costs (used when accounting for vacation situationally):

• 20 - if vacation pay is accrued to the employee at the main production;
• 23 - if vacation pay is assigned to an employee in auxiliary production;
• 08 - if the accrual is made to employees installing (constructing) the OS;
• 25 - if the calculation is carried out with production employees whose salaries cannot be taken into account in the cost of certain products;
• 44 - if vacation pay is assigned to an employee of the sales department;
• 26 - if vacation pay is accrued to the management of the company;
• 96 - if vacation pay is accrued from reserves.

2. Accounts for accounting settlements with employees:

• 70 — calculations for wages;
• 50 (51) - payment of vacation pay through the cash register or by card.

Vacation pay is subject to insurance contributions, and personal income tax is withheld from them, and therefore accounts are used to record them: 69 and 68.

Download the accounting chart of accounts here.

At the same time, the algorithm for accounting for vacations between enterprises that maintain simplified accounting and those companies (large and medium-sized) that are required to maintain full records differs. Let's study the difference in vacation accounting by such companies.

Accrued and issued vacation pay: postings

Since vacation pay is an estimated liability (letter of the Ministry of Finance dated June 4, 2011 No. 07-02-06/107), organizations that maintain full accounting create reserves for vacation pay (clause 8 of PBU 8/2010). Small businesses have the right to write off vacation costs immediately as they accrue.

Let's consider how, when accounting for vacation in practice, entries can be made from these accounts:

Operation	Postings
	When accounting for vacations by enterprises maintaining simplified accounting that are not issuers of publicly placed securities	When accounting for vacation by companies that maintain full accounting
Accrued reserves for vacation pay (monthly)		Dt 20 (23, 25, 26, 44) Kt 96
Vacation pay accrued	Dt 20 (23, 25…) Kt 70
Holiday pay contributions accrued	Dt 20 (23, 25…) Kt 69
Personal income tax withheld
Vacation pay paid	Dt 70 Kt 50 (51)

You can learn more about the specifics of simplified accounting in the article “Features of accounting in small enterprises” .

Results

To account for vacation, entries are generated that are similar to accounting for an employee’s salary. By debit, vacation pay is displayed as an expense, and by credit - on the account of settlements with employees for salaries. But if the company is large and makes monthly contributions to the reserve for vacation pay, then the vacation accounting algorithm is different.

Be the first to know about legislative changes in the calculation of vacation with our “Vacation and Rest Time” section.

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In accounting, do not divide vacation pay between months

If you have a reserve for vacation pay in your accounting, it means that you will write off all the costs of such payments from it. That is, during the year you take into account only contributions to the reserve in expenses (clause 8, 21 PBU 8/2010). And do not include vacation pay itself in the expenses of the month to which they relate. The same applies to insurance contributions to funds accrued from such vacation pay.

In this case, the posting must be done immediately for the entire amount of vacation pay. Even if the rest period covers several months or falls entirely within the next month. That is, when the employee actually goes on vacation does not matter.

Example

Yu. G. Samokhvalov, an employee of the commercial service of Vector LLC, goes on paid leave for 28 calendar days from June 2.

The company accountant calculated the amount of vacation pay on May 28. Their amount was 38,629.87 rubles. The company is not small. Here are the entries for accruing vacation pay from the reserve:

— 38,629.87 rub. — vacation pay for Samokhvalov was accrued from the reserve;

DEBIT 96 subaccount “Reserve for vacation pay” CREDIT 69
— 11,666.22 rub. (RUB 38,629.87 × 30.2%) - mandatory insurance contributions from vacation pay were accrued from the reserve (broken down by contribution);

DEBIT 68 subaccount “Calculations for income tax” CREDIT 09
— 10,059.22 rub. ((38,629.87 rubles + 11,666.22 rubles) × 20%) - the deferred tax asset is partially repaid.

The accountant made these entries for accrual of vacation pay on May 28. In this case, contributions must be transferred to the budget no later than June 16 (postponed from June 15).

You can write off from the reserve only amounts for those vacations for which the employee has already earned the right. Payments accrued for those vacation days that were provided in advance must be reflected without using account 96. The fact is that it is impossible to reserve funds for vacation pay that the employee has not yet earned.

This means that such vacation pay should be reflected in accounting in the general manner (clause 21 of PBU 8/2010):

DEBIT 20 (23, 25, 26, 29, 44 ...) CREDIT 70
— vacation pay has been accrued to the employee.

Small businesses can make the same entry for any vacation pay. Moreover, there is no need to distribute them in exactly the same way depending on the number of vacation days falling on a particular month (letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated December 24, 2004 No. 03-03-01-04/1/190).

But the question remains: what entries should be made if the company creates a reserve, but the employee has earned only part of the vacation, and uses the other in advance? In such a situation, vacation pay must be divided into two parts. Write one off against the reserve, and reflect the second in the general order.

Example

An employee of Smena CJSC, V.V. Tikhonov, goes on vacation from June 16 for 28 calendar days. As of May 31, he earned 14 days of vacation, for which the accountant reserved funds. The company is not small. The amount of vacation pay amounted to 33,529.82 rubles. This means that half of the vacation pay must be accrued from the reserve, and half must be included in current expenses:

DEBIT 96 subaccount “Reserve for vacation pay” CREDIT 70
— RUB 16,764.91 (RUB 33,529.82: 2) — vacation pay for Tikhonov was accrued from the reserve;

DEBIT 20 CREDIT 70
— 16,764.91 rub. — the second part of vacation pay has been accrued.

Simultaneously with the payment of vacation pay, accrue personal income tax

When paying personal income tax on vacation pay, the following rule applies. The date of actual receipt of income is the day of its actual payment. This means that personal income tax must be calculated at the same moment. And you can transfer it to the budget before the end of the month.

Example

Let's continue with example 1. Samokhvalov has no rights to deductions for personal income tax. The tax amount was:
RUB 38,629.87 × 13% = 5022 rub.

This means that the employee will receive 33,607.87 rubles. (38,629.87 - 5022).

The company's accountant calculated vacation pay, transferred it to the employee, as well as personal income tax to the budget on the same day. That is, in addition to the postings in example 1, on the same day, that is, May 28, he made two more:

DEBIT 70 CREDIT 51
— 33,607.87 rub. — vacation pay was transferred to Samokhvalov;

— 5022 rub. - personal income tax is withheld.

At the end of the month, personal income tax is transferred to the budget:

— 5022 rub. — personal income tax is listed.

Write off payments for additional allowances from the reserve, but not always

The employee may be entitled to additional paid leave. Such vacation pay must be reflected according to the same rules that we described above. But two points need to be taken into account.

Firstly, it is safer not to take into account the costs of additional vacation pay not provided for by law when calculating income tax. This is prohibited (clause 24 of article 270 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). This means that you will have to calculate and reflect the permanent tax liability (PNO). But only for vacation pay. Contributions from them can be taken into account in any case, and no differences will arise.

Secondly, employees may be entitled to additional leave in connection with the occurrence of a certain event, such as a wedding or the birth of a child. In this case, vacation pay must be reflected without using a reserve, but according to regular expense accounts. After all, it is impossible to predict such events in advance, and, as a result, it will not be possible to reserve funds for them.

Example

An employee of Mir CJSC Konovalov S.D. had a son in June. In this regard, according to the internal personnel regulations, he was granted paid leave for three days - from June 9 to 11. The amount of vacation pay amounted to 7947.12 rubles.

Insurance premiums from this amount amounted to 2,400.03 rubles, and personal income tax - 1,033 rubles. Konovalov received 6,914.12 rubles in his hands. (7947.12 - 1033). In addition, since the company is not small, the accountant also assessed a permanent tax liability in the amount of RUB 1,589.42. (RUB 7,947.12 × 20%).

Postings for accrual of vacation pay:

DEBIT 44 CREDIT 70
— 7947.12 rub. — vacation pay was accrued to Konovalov;

DEBIT 44 CREDIT 69
— 2400.03 rub. — insurance premiums are calculated from vacation pay (broken down by contribution);

DEBIT 99 CREDIT 68 subaccount “Calculations for income tax”
— 1589.42 rub. — a permanent tax liability has been accrued;

DEBIT 70 CREDIT 51
— 6914.12 rub. — vacation pay is listed;

DEBIT 70 CREDIT 68 subaccount “Personal Tax Payments”
— 1033 rub. — personal income tax withheld;

DEBIT 68 subaccount “Personal Income Tax Payments” CREDIT 51
— 1033 rub. — personal income tax is listed.

Include financial assistance for vacation in other expenses

One-time incentives or financial assistance for vacation at the expense of the company are other expenses. Therefore, you need to make the following entry in your accounting:

DEBIT 91 subaccount “Other expenses” CREDIT 73
— financial assistance has been accrued to the employee for vacation.

There is no reason to use account 84 “Retained earnings (uncovered loss)” in this case. The same conclusion follows from the letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated October 20, 2011 No. 07-02-06/204.

If you terminate the posting release early, reverse

If an employee was called to work ahead of time, then the vacation pay that you accrued to him earlier must be recalculated.

The recalculation procedure is as follows. From the total amount of vacation pay, you should subtract vacation pay for days that the employee did not have time to take off. Of course, for those days that the employee worked instead of vacation, he needs to be accrued his usual salary.

In accounting, reverse overpaid vacation pay (letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated October 20, 2004 No. 07-05-13/10). Make corrections in the month in which the employee was recalled from vacation.

Example

Employee of Smena LLC Ivanova E.V. was granted another paid leave for 28 calendar days starting from May 26.

DEBIT 26 CREDIT 70
— 28,311.08 rub. — Ivanova’s vacation pay was accrued.

On June 16, the employee was recalled from vacation. That is, she missed eight calendar days (taking into account the fact that the holiday of June 12 is not included in the number of vacation days). On the same day, the accountant reversed part of the vacation pay accrued by Ivanova:

DEBIT 26 CREDIT 70
— 8088.88 rub. (RUB 28,311.08: 28 days × 8 days) — excessively accrued vacation pay was reversed.

In the same way, you need to reverse contributions and personal income tax from this amount. Accordingly, for the period from June 16, the employee is entitled to her regular salary.

Later, when the employee decides to use the remaining vacation days, the average earnings to pay for them will need to be recalculated.

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24. Features of calculating benefits for temporary disability, child care and pregnancy and childbirth.

The most common benefits paid from the Social Insurance Fund include:

1. sick leave

2. Benefits for citizens with children

The amount of temporary disability benefits depending on the employee’s length of service:

— 60% of average daily earnings — for workers with continuous experience of less than 5 years;

— 80% of average daily earnings — for workers with continuous experience from 5 to 8 years;

— 100% of average daily earnings — for employees with continuous work experience of more than 8 years.

Calculated: *number of sick days.

Maternity benefits are paid in total for the entire period of maternity leave lasting 70 (in the case of multiple pregnancies - 84) calendar days before childbirth and 70 (in the case of complicated births - 86, for the birth of two or more children - 110) calendar days after childbirth. *number of sick days

The maximum value of the base for calculating contributions from the Social Insurance Fund: for 2013-568,000 rubles, for 2012-512,000 rubles, for 2011-463,000 rubles

26. Synthetic accounting of wages

Synthetic accounting of settlements with personnel for wages for all types of wages, bonuses, benefits, pensions for working pensioners and other payments, as well as for the payment of income on shares and other securities of this organization is carried out on account 70 “Settlements with personnel for wages” .

The operation of calculating and distributing wages included in production and distribution costs is recorded using the following accounting entry:

Dt 20 “Main production” (payment of labor to production workers); Dt 23 “Auxiliary production” (payment of labor to workers in auxiliary production); Dt 25 “General production costs” (payment of shop personnel);

Dt 26 “General business expenses” (wages of administration personnel);

Dt 29 “Service production and farms” (payment of labor to employees of service production and farms);

Kt 70 “Settlements with personnel for wages” (for the entire amount of accrued wages).

The calculation of wages for operations related to the procurement and acquisition of inventories, equipment for installation and capital investments is reflected in D-t 07, 08, 10 K-t 70.

Temporary disability benefits and other payments at the expense of social insurance authorities are reflected in D-69 “Calculations for social insurance and security” K-t 70.

Accrued amounts of bonuses, financial assistance, benefits, wages for work performed using targeted funding and in the process of receiving non-operating or operating income reflect

Dt 91 “Other income and expenses”, 84 “Retained earnings (uncovered loss)”, 86 “Targeted financing” Kt 70 “Settlements with personnel for wages”.

The issuance of wages and benefits is recorded using the following accounting entry:

D-70 “Settlements with personnel for wages”

Kit 50 “Cash desk”.

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Punishment for violation

There are a number of penalties for violators of this rule. Namely:

1. All officials of the organization can be fined in the amount of 1000 rubles. up to 5000 rub. But in the first case they can only be given a warning.
2. If we are talking about entrepreneurs, then there is a fine ranging from 1000 rubles. up to 5000 rub.
3. There is a fine for the organization itself. Its amount varies from 30 thousand rubles. up to 50 thousand rubles.

If the employer commits a repeated violation, the punishment becomes harsher. Namely:

1. For all officials who are responsible for this payment, a fine ranging from 10 to 20 thousand rubles is imposed, employees can be disqualified for a period of 1 to 3 years.
2. Individual entrepreneurs are fined in the range of 10-20 thousand rubles.
3. Well, organizations receive a fine of 50-70 thousand rubles.

In addition, an employee who, for any reason, was not paid vacation pay on time, may demand that his vacation be transferred to another time of the year. But there are situations in which an employee cannot go on vacation. Although he has already been paid money for it. In this case, the accountant must issue a review from vacation.

Postings in accounting

The display of entries in accounting depends on whether the organization has created a certain reserve for making these payments or not.

At the same time, all organizations are required to create a reserve. As an exception, there may be enterprises that are not issuers of securities that are placed publicly.

At enterprises that have created such a reserve of funds, in accounting these payments are written off against this reserve.

Well, if the latter is not created, then the amount of vacation pay is included in current expenses.

It looks like this: debit 20 / credit 70 - accrual and Db 70 / Kd 50 - payment.

This accounting procedure is regulated by the instructions for the chart of accounts.

As you can see, vacation pay is accrued first, and then a posting is created for their payment.

In the case when a reserve is created, the amount of vacation pay that is accrued is not taken into account in the expenses of the current month. But it is necessary to display the accrual of vacation pay and insurance contributions.

It looks like this:

1. Db 96 subaccount / Kd 70 - this is how vacation pay is calculated from reserve funds.
2. Db 96 subaccount / KD 69 subaccount - all mandatory contributions are calculated and must be paid along with vacation pay. You just need to select a separate type 69 subaccount and create a posting for each contribution. There should be as many of the latter as there are payments.
3. Db 70 / Kd 50 - vacation pay is paid.

Payments during rolling leave

Often accountants have a question about how to correctly display the accrual and payment of funds if the vacation is paid from the reserve and if the vacation moves from one month to another. In this case, you need to write off the entire amount of vacation pay to the account before the created reserve. And in this case, it does not matter that the vacation moves from one month to another.

If we talk about what a reserve is and how it is displayed in the accounting department of an enterprise, then it must be said that this is a virtual amount that includes vacation pay for all employees. That is, if at one moment the entire staff went on vacation, that’s exactly how much money would need to be paid. This number of funds should be in reserve. This amount includes all mandatory contributions. At the same time, when the employee receives his vacation pay, part of the obligations is repaid.

From all this we can conclude that it is absolutely not important whether the vacation is transitional or not. All the same, the repayment of obligations and accrual of vacation pay will occur. At least 3 days before the start of the period when the employee goes on vacation.

After the accountant accrues and pays vacation pay, he must control the write-off of a certain amount of the reserve. It is very important.

The only exception is the situation when there are not enough funds in stock to deduct this amount.

It should be remembered that the reserve can only be used within the amount of money reserved. If the latter is less than the amount of vacation pay that must be paid in a given month, then the following entry should be made: DB 20 / Kd 70.

Calculation of vacation pay for an employee

Today, there are a number of online calculators that help you quickly calculate vacation pay for each individual employee. But any accountant should be able to do this manually. Below are a few examples to help you understand the most common situations.

1. If an employee’s work experience at a given enterprise is more than a year, then all 12 previous months are used as the calculation period.
2. For that category of employees who have been at the enterprise for less than a month, all days that the person worked should be used as the calculation period. In this case, the last date will be the final date of the previous calendar month.
3. In both cases, the days when the person was on sick leave, on vacation or on a business trip are removed from the calculation. That is, when he retained the average salary.
4. If, for example, an employee did not work for the entire previous year, then the previous 12 months are taken into account when calculating vacation pay.

Of course, there may be other situations in which an accountant may need advice. In this case, you can read the relevant regulations and instructions again. For convenience, you can use a special calculator program designed for accountants who accrue funds.

Payments when calculating vacation pay

When calculating vacation pay, all types of payments accrued to the employee are taken into account. It could be:

• salary;
• bonus;
• bonuses;
• allowances and more.

In addition, the source of these allowances is not particularly important.

The only thing that is not taken into account when calculating vacation pay is social benefits. For example, an enterprise may issue funds to pay for transportation costs, food, uniforms, and other things. Such money is not taken into account when calculating vacation pay.

Also from the calculation it is necessary to exclude payments that the employee received while on any type of vacation, sick leave or on a business trip.

At the same time, the amount of vacation pay includes various salary supplements, even those that were one-time.

And in turn, vacation pay will also be included in the calculation of payment for sick leave and business trips. The amount of funds paid affects the average daily earnings for the last 12 months.

Every accountant, as well as other responsible person, must remember that the procedure for calculating and paying vacation pay is strictly controlled by the state.

During any inspection by the relevant authorities, violations may be discovered, and then you will have to pay a considerable fine. And sometimes you pay with your position.

Therefore, in order to avoid such undesirable situations, it is better not to violate the current law and find out in advance exactly how vacation pay is calculated and paid.

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When calculating income tax expenses are taken into account (clause 7 of article 255, subclause 1 of clause 1 of article 264 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation):

• vacation pay (including personal income tax);
• insurance premiums accrued on vacation pay.

Vacation pay is taken into account in the expenses of the current period only in the part that is accrued for vacation days falling within this period (Letters of the Ministry of Finance dated 06/09/2014 N 03-03-РЗ/27643, dated 07/23/2012 N 03-03-06/1/ 356). Let’s say an organization that reports quarterly income tax provides an employee with vacation from June 24 to July 21 and pays vacation pay in the amount of 40,000 rubles. The amount of vacation pay will be included in expenses as follows:

• in the second quarter - 10,000 rubles. (RUB 40,000 / 28 days x 7 days);
• in the third quarter - 30,000 rubles. (RUB 40,000 / 28 days x 21 days).

Contributions accrued for vacation pay are taken into account as expenses on the date of their accrual, regardless of what periods the vacation falls on (clause 1, paragraph 7, article 272 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, Letter of the Ministry of Finance dated 06/09/2014 N 03-03-РЗ/27643 , dated December 23, 2010 N 03-03-06/1/804).
If you create a reserve for vacation pay, vacation pay and insurance premiums accrued on them are not taken into account in expenses (clause 2 of the Letter of the Ministry of Finance dated 04/01/2013 N 03-03-06/2/10401).
When calculating tax when simplified tax system with the object “income minus expenses” expenses are taken into account (clauses 6, 7, clause 1, clause 2, article 346.16, clauses 1, 3, clause 2, article 346.17 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, Letter of the Ministry of Finance dated November 24, 2009 N 03-11-06/2/246 ):

• vacation pay (minus personal income tax) - on the date of payment to the employee;
• Personal income tax on vacation pay - on the date of transfer to the budget;
• insurance premiums accrued for vacation pay - on the date of transfer to the budget of the Pension Fund, Social Insurance Fund or Federal Compulsory Medical Insurance Fund.

When calculating tax when simplified tax system with the object “income” accrued on vacation insurance premiums reduce the amount of advance payment and tax under the simplified tax system for the period in which contributions are transferred to the budget of the Pension Fund, Social Insurance Fund or Federal Compulsory Medical Insurance Fund (clause 1, clause 3.1, article 346.21 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).
When calculating UTII accrued on vacation insurance premiums reduce the amount of tax for the quarter in which contributions are transferred to the budget of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation, the Social Insurance Fund or the Federal Compulsory Medical Insurance Fund (clause 1, clause 2, article 346.32 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).
In accounting accrual and payment of vacation pay is reflected as follows:

If you create a reserve for vacation pay, vacation pay and insurance premiums accrued on their amount are accrued from the reserve. If the reserve is insufficient, there is no need to accrue vacation pay to the debit of account 97 “Future expenses”. In such cases, vacation pay is accrued in the same way as in a situation where the reserve was not created at all, i.e. by debit of cost accounting accounts (20, 25, 26, etc.).

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In accordance with Article 136 of the Labor Code, payment for vacation is made no later than three days before its start. Vacation pay is accrued and paid to the employee at a time, regardless of whether his vacation falls on one or more reporting periods.

Accounting

Accounting rules do not require the distribution of vacation costs depending on the number of vacation days falling within a particular reporting period (month, quarter, year). The organization makes a decision on this issue independently, taking into account the requirements of regulatory legal acts on accounting (letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated December 24, 2004 No. 03-03-01-04/1/190).

Vacation expenses are estimated liabilities. This is due to the one-time fulfillment of a number of conditions, the requirement for compliance with which in order to recognize liabilities as estimated is established by paragraph 5 of PBU 8/2010 “Estimated liabilities, contingent liabilities and contingent assets” (approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated December 13, 2010 No. 167n; hereinafter - PBU 8/2010).

Firstly, the Labor Code obliges employers to provide employees with annual leave and pay them. An organization cannot avoid fulfilling this requirement.

Secondly, the organization will spend money on paying for employee vacations, that is, its economic benefits will decrease.

Third, it is, of course, possible to establish the amount of vacation payments, but the need to bear these expenses will occur in an uncertain time and in an unknown amount.

Since vacation expenses are an estimated liability, they must be reflected in accounting as a reserve and then, at the expense of this reserve, all vacation expenses must be written off in the reporting period. Now this is not a reserve for upcoming expenses, as it was before, but one of the estimated reserves formed in accordance with PBU 8/2010.

You can read more about the rules for creating a reserve in the electronic berator for PC, which can be installed on your computer by following the link www.berator.ru/pk .

In accounting, an estimated reserve for vacation pay is created in order to reliably take into account the employer’s obligations to employees (clauses 5, 8 of PBU 8/2010).

For information

Vacation pay is also subject to insurance contributions (Federal Law No. 212-FZ). The amounts of accrued insurance contributions are taken into account in account 69 “Calculations for social insurance and security”.

Estimated liabilities are reflected in the account for reserves for future expenses (clause 8 of PBU 8/2010). This means that the reserve for vacation pay is taken into account in account 96 “Reserves for upcoming expenses” in the subaccount “Reserve for vacation pay.”

A reserve is accrued on the credit of account 96. The amount of the reserve can be attributed to expenses for ordinary activities, to other expenses, or included in the value of the asset:

DEBIT 20 (08, 23, 25, 26, 29, 44) CREDIT 96, subaccount “Reserve for vacation pay”

– deductions have been made to the reserve for upcoming vacation pay. The use of the reserve (accrual of vacation pay when granting vacation, compensation for unused vacation) is reflected by an entry in the debit of account 96:

DEBIT 96 CREDIT 70

– accrued vacation pay (compensation for unused vacation);

DEBIT 96 CREDIT 69

– insurance premiums for vacation pay are calculated (compensation for unused vacation).

If an organization does not create a reserve for future expenses to pay for vacations in tax accounting (Article 324.1 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation) or creates these reserves in accounting and tax accounting using different methods, then at the time the amount of the estimated liability is calculated, it is necessary to reflect the deferred tax asset. Its value is determined by multiplying the amount of deduction to the accounting reserve (or the deviation of the accounting reserve from the tax reserve) by the income tax rate - 20 percent. The wiring will be like this:

DEBIT 09 CREDIT 68

– a deferred tax asset is reflected when calculating the amount of the reserve for vacation pay.

When granting vacation or accruing compensation to an employee for unused vacation, these expenses in accounting are written off against the reserve and must be accrued.

be recognized in tax accounting as labor costs. The previously recognized deferred tax asset will be settled to the extent that it is attributable to expenses recognized in tax accounting. The wiring will be like this:

DEBIT 68 CREDIT 09

– the deferred tax asset is repaid when vacation is granted to the employee (compensation for unused vacation is calculated).

If in accounting the amount of accrued vacation pay exceeds the amount of the accrued reserve, the excess amount is immediately written off to cost accounts (clause 21 of PBU 8/2010). There should be no debit balance on account 96.

Reflect the amount of personal income tax withheld from vacation payments by posting:

DEBIT 70 CREDIT 68, subaccount “Calculations for personal income tax”

– personal income tax is withheld from employee vacation payments.

Tax accounting

When should vacation expenses be recognized for income tax purposes if vacation pay is paid in one period and the vacation ends in another? Let's turn to the Tax Code.

The enterprise includes the costs of paying vacation pay as part of labor costs, which reduce the taxable profit of the organization (clause 7 of Article 255 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). Labor costs are included in the costs associated with production and (or) sales (clause 2 of Article 253 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

Costs incurred are reflected depending on the cost recognition method chosen in the accounting policy for tax purposes in accordance with Articles 272 and 273 of the Tax Code.

When using the cash method, everything is simple. Expenses are recognized in the period when they are actually incurred, that is, on the day vacation pay is paid.

But with the accrual method everything is more complicated; there are two options for recognizing expenses.

First cost accounting option

The Ministry of Finance recommends distributing expenses across periods in proportion to vacation days. The conclusion of the ministry employees is based on Article 272 of the Tax Code. In tax accounting, companies using the accrual method recognize expenses in the reporting (tax) period to which they relate (Clause 1, Article 272 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). This means that if the vacation falls over several periods, then the accrued amounts for its payment are included in expenses in proportion to the number of vacation days falling on each period. This position has been repeatedly expressed by the Russian Ministry of Finance in letters dated July 23, 2012 No. 03-03-06/1/356, dated May 12, 2010 No. 03-03-06/1/323, dated April 22, 2010 No. 03 -03-06/1/288.

Example

Employee O.S. Semin was granted another paid leave from June 22 to July 18, 2013. The amount of accrued vacation pay is RUB 33,600. The employee's vacation falls on two reporting periods - the second quarter and 9 months of 2013. The company distributes the amount of vacation pay between June and July in proportion to the days worked.

In June, Semin rested for 10 days, and in July for 18 days. Let's distribute the costs:

in June expenses = 33,600 rubles. : 28 days X 10 days = 12,000 rub.;

in July expenses = 33,600 rubles. : 28 days X 18 days = 21,600 rub.

When filling out tax reporting, expenses will include the following amounts:

– for the second quarter of 2013 – 12,000 rubles;

– for 9 months of 2013 – 33,600 rubles.

Considering that the obligation to pay for an employee’s vacation three days before it starts is provided for by law, and the taxpayer cannot avoid this obligation, one can argue with the position of the financial department.

Second cost accounting option (controversial)

With the accrual method, the procedure for determining expenses is established by Article 272 of the Tax Code. According to it, expenses accepted for tax purposes are recognized as such in the reporting period to which they relate, regardless of the time of actual payment of funds and (or) other form of payment. In this case, labor costs (clause 4 of Article 272 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation) are taken into account as an expense on a monthly basis based on the amount of labor costs accrued in accordance with Article 255 of the Tax Code. In other words, since vacation pay is accrued, as required by the Labor Code, it means that they can be recognized as expenses for profit tax purposes. That is, an organization that uses the accrual method when calculating income tax can recognize as an expense the amount of vacation payments in the accrual period in full.

There are many court decisions in defense of taxpayers: decisions of the FAS Moscow District dated June 24, 2009 in case No. A40-48457/08-129-168, FAS Ural District dated December 8, 2008 No. A07-6787/08, FAS West Siberian District dated December 1, 2008 in case No. A46-6675/2007, dated December 3, 2007 in case No. A75-4424/2007, etc.

It should be noted: the judges made decisions in favor of taxpayers even despite the submitted tax letters from the Ministry of Finance, noting that Article 272 of the Tax Code does not directly oblige the distribution of expenses in the form of vacation payments by period. Of course, we cannot remain silent about the fact that some courts agree with the Federal Tax Service; an example of this is the resolution of the Federal Antimonopoly Service of the North-Western District dated November 16, 2007 in case No. A56-39310/2006.

Expenses for additional vacation

In general, the duration of basic paid leave is 28 days. Is it legal to include payment for additional vacations in income tax expenses? Yes, if the right to additional vacation time is enshrined in law.

Dangerous moment

The employer has the right to independently establish additional holidays if they are not provided for by law (Article 116 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation). At the same time, it is impossible to recognize expenses when calculating income tax if excess leave is provided on the basis of a collective agreement. This is directly stated in the Tax Code.

Expenses for paying additional vacations provided under a collective agreement (in excess of those provided for by current legislation) to employees, including women raising children, are not taken into account when determining the tax base (clause 24 of Article 270 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

You can only take into account the costs of additional rest for employees who are legally entitled to extended leave. At the same time, it will not be superfluous if, in the vacation application, each of them refers to a legal norm that gives the right to additional days of rest. First of all, these are articles 116–118, 321, 335 of the Labor Code. In addition, there are a number of federal laws, for example dated February 19, 1993 No. 4520-1 “On state guarantees and compensation for persons working and living in the Far North and equivalent areas”, and resolutions, for example the Government Decree RF dated December 30, 1998 No. 1588, etc.

Expenses for a part-time worker

In the article “There are no standards when calculating vacation leave” (see page 34), we considered the situation when a part-time worker is entitled to extended leave at his main place of work. The employer is not obliged to pay for excess leave due to a part-time worker at his main place of work, but he can do this if he wishes. This is worth attention because such expenses are allowed to reduce income tax. The Russian Ministry of Finance gives the green light, provided that the number of additional days for vacation does not exceed those established by law (letter of the Russian Ministry of Finance dated May 16, 2011 No. 03-03-06/1/294).

Of course, it is necessary to take a document from your part-time worker confirming extended leave from your main place of work.

"Income tax

When vacation falls on two reporting periods, another important question arises. When to pay tax on an employee’s income in the form of vacation payments? Everything is very simple here.

The specifics of calculating personal income tax by tax agents, as well as the procedure and timing of tax payment are regulated by Article 226 of the Tax Code. According to it, tax agents are required to calculate, withhold and pay personal income tax. This must be done by Russian organizations, individual entrepreneurs, notaries engaged in private practice, lawyers who have established law offices, as well as separate divisions of foreign organizations in the Russian Federation from which or as a result of relations with which the person received income.

The tax agent calculates personal income tax on an accrual basis from the beginning of the calendar year based on the results of each month. This obligation applies to all employee income, in respect of which a tax rate of 13 percent is applied (Article 216, paragraph 1 of Article 224, paragraph 3 of Article 226 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). Therefore, many accountants have doubts about the date of accrual of personal income tax on vacation payments, because the tax rate on these payments is also 13 percent.

However, their doubts are in vain. Personal income tax on vacation pay must be calculated and paid directly when it is paid, and here’s why.

The duties of a tax agent include:

1. correct calculation of tax amounts;
2. deduction of personal income tax from funds paid;
3. transfer of tax to the budget;
4. timely submission of income tax returns;
5. notification of inspectors about the impossibility of withholding tax;
6. storage of documents confirming the calculation, withholding and payment of taxes to the budget for four years.

Pay attention to the second point: tax agents are required to withhold the accrued amount of personal income tax directly from the taxpayer’s income upon their actual payment (clause 4 of Article 226 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). The law allows this to be done at the expense of any funds paid by the company. In this case, the withheld tax amount cannot exceed 50 percent of the payment amount.

So, we found out that the code obliges tax agents to withhold the accrued amount of personal income tax directly from a person’s income when they are actually paid. It is allowed to withhold tax at the expense of any money upon actual payment (Clause 4 of Article 226 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). It turns out that personal income tax on vacation pay must be calculated and paid simultaneously with the payment of money to the employee.

The correctness of this approach to the interpretation of legislative norms is confirmed by the Ministry of Finance. Thus, the letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated June 6, 2012 No. 03-04-08/8-139 states that the date of actual receipt of income in the form of vacation pay is defined as the day of payment of income, including the transfer of income to taxpayer accounts in banks ( subparagraph 1, article 223 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). The Presidium of the Supreme Arbitration Court agrees with the position of the Ministry of Finance (Resolution of the Presidium of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation dated February 7, 2012 No. 11709/11). And even the Federal Tax Service does not deny that personal income tax on an employee’s vacation payment is correctly paid not at the end of the month, like personal income tax on his salary, but on the day he receives vacation pay (letter of the Federal Tax Service of Russia dated June 13, 2012 No. ED-4-3/ 9698).

E.P. Irkhin, editor-expert on accounting and taxation