Design

The choice of autonomous sewage in a private house

The question of how to choose an autonomous sewer for a private house is decided independently by each owner of the estate.

A lot is being said about the benefits of living in private households today.

And what is important to note, a lot is being done. In particular, effective life support systems for a private house are being developed.

The homestead owner has the opportunity to choose a suitable water supply and wastewater disposal system. The proposed systems are designed for any budget and customer qualifications.

Choosing a tank-type septic tank, you can do a significant amount of work yourself. At those stages where there are not enough resources, it is necessary to invite specialists.

For a comfortable stay in a private country house, you need to create the appropriate conditions.

Complete water supply and power supply systems are created and installed in the shortest possible time. Approximately the same is the case with the arrangement of sewerage and disposal of domestic wastewater.

Today, the industry produces the following cleaning devices:

septic tank based on a sealed container;
septic tank based on overflow wells;
station with a platform for filtering wastewater;
biological treatment station;
station for artificial wastewater treatment.

Many owners of private houses speak positively about the tank cleaning system.

Before making the final choice, you need to know that the autonomous sewerage of a country house must comply with certain sanitary standards.

The owner of a private plot needs to know the geological features of the soil well. And first of all, the depth of groundwater.

If fecal runoff contaminates aquifers, then residents and neighbors will have to use additional filters on water intakes.

Under no circumstances should such a situation be allowed. You also have to take into account the peculiarities of the climate. In particular, the depth of soil freezing.

This is an important parameter that affects the operating costs of the drainage system.

To make the right choice, it is necessary to take into account the quality of the soil. It is one thing when there is black soil with sand on the site, and quite another if the soil is clayey.

In this context, it should be noted that a tank-type sewer is suitable for any soil.

The next parameter that affects the choice of sewer system is the number of people living in a private house.

If we evaluate the experience of other countries, then in China one person can use 100 liters of water for himself. In the USA, this norm is close to 300 liters.

With regard to a specific task, the sewer system must accept and process the entire volume of wastewater coming from a private house.

The principle of operation of some treatment plants is based on the use of the filtering properties of the soil.

In order for the cleaning system to function properly in all seasons, it is necessary to allocate a certain place for it. According to averaged data, a site of up to thirty square meters is required.

If a private plot has a small area, then finding a place for such equipment will not be easy.

The most suitable option today is considered to be an autonomous sewage system based on tank products.

If necessary, you can install it yourself and not involve third-party specialists. The photo shows a schematic diagram of this device.

The principle of operation of the sewer "tank"

An autonomous sewage system for a private house should serve reliably, regardless of the time of year. In winter, the contents in the tanks should not freeze.

In summer, when it is hot, the smells from sewer storage should not bother people living in a private house and guests too.

The mechanism of operation of the autonomous sewer "tank" is not complicated. The main tank is divided into several communicating sections. Fecal water from the house through the pipe enters the first section.

Here, the entire incoming mass is divided into liquid and solid components. Solid fragments sink to the bottom.

Greasy and oily fragments collect on the surface. Water accumulates in the middle.

Through specially mounted overflow pipes, water flows into the second section. This is where the water is chemically treated. It is affected by special reagents.

Specially designed chemicals bind the salts dissolved in water and are deposited on the bottom in solid form. The next step in wastewater treatment is biological treatment.

This happens in the third section. Here special types of bacteria are used. If they consume oxygen, then they are called aerobic. If they do without oxygen, then they are anaerobic.

As a result of biological treatment, sludge is formed, which is used as fertilizer.

At the outlet of the third section, the water is of good quality and is directed to the infiltrator. This is a special absorbent area. It is the final post-treatment of wastewater.

This is how the cleaning system works in a private area. The principle of operation of an autonomous sewage system allows the owner not to interfere in the cleaning process.

With your own hands, you will only need to call a sewage truck to pump out waste from the first section of the “tank” system once every three to four years.

It is this property that makes autonomous sewerage attractive for use in individual housing construction.

Features of autonomous sewage "tank"

Typical projects of a private house provide for an effective energy saving system. Construction is carried out in such a way that in winter the house is warm with minimal fuel consumption.

And in the summer it was not hot on the hottest days. A large list of works during construction is supposed to be done by hand.

From this brief explanation, it follows that, as a rule, resources are not provided for special heating of autonomous sewerage.

It is not provided because effective systems for domestic wastewater treatment based on a non-volatile mechanism have been developed. It is to this type that the sewer "tank" belongs.

Advantages of autonomous sewerage

The first thing to note is that an autonomous sewer "tank" does not require heating. The second most important quality is the strength of the tank.

The photo shows a tank made of polypropylene with a ribbed surface. Such a constructive solution gives the container strength comparable to that of a brick.

The next argument that all developers take into account is ease of installation. Work on the installation of the tank can be done by hand in two to three hours.

The estimated life of such a sewer is 50 years. Wastewater treatment, thanks to the technology used, meets all sanitary and environmental standards.

Disadvantages of autonomous sewage

With all the positive qualities of an autonomous sewer "tank", it has some features that must be reckoned with.

If a shallow occurrence of groundwater is observed on the site, then when installing the tank, it is necessary to pour a concrete base.

Or lay a finished reinforced concrete slab.

With all the positive characteristics of the system, you still have to use the services of a sewage machine.

In summer, in hot weather, an unpleasant odor may occur.

Installation of autonomous sewerage

When developing a project for a private house on a country estate, the autonomous sewage system is considered as an integral and integral part of the entire complex.

This means that all construction and installation work is carried out taking into account the requirements for sewerage.

Often, when performing ground work, simultaneously with a trench under the foundation, a foundation pit is dug under the sewer reservoir. The photo shows a plan for the location of the septic tank on the site.

The installation of the tank is started after the house is fully erected. The internal sewerage is laid. And after that, you can proceed with the installation of an external autonomous sewer.

The pit for the installation of a sewer tank should be no closer than five meters from the house and no further than 15 meters. The photo shows the installation dimensions of the tank in the pit.

The first thing to do is level the bottom of the pit and fill it with sand. The layer of sand should reach 30 cm. Before you install a septic tank in the pit with your own hands, you need to carefully examine it.

A main tank and an infiltrator are installed in a pre-prepared pit. The distance from the septic tank to the walls of the pit must be at least 25 cm.

Before backfilling, the tank must be gradually filled with water. This is done to increase the strength of the septic tank.

In the pit intended for the infiltrator, the bottom is covered with geotextiles. This must be done. Geotextile is a fabric made of synthetic fibers.

Its main property is that water flows freely through the fabric, and solid particles are retained. The principle of operation of any filter is based on this property.

The material is spread in such a way that its edges protrude beyond the edges of the pit. A layer of fine gravel up to 20 cm thick is poured onto the geotextile.

To do this, it is desirable to choose a smaller fraction. An infiltrator is installed on this layer of crushed stone. And from above it is covered with a sheet of geotextile.

A ventilation pipe must be installed at the outlet of the infiltrator. A layer of insulation must be laid on top of the infiltrator. And after that, the device is backfilled with soil.

The main tank is covered with a sand-cement mixture in a ratio of 5: 1. Can be filled with sand. In the process of work, the sand must be compacted.

All pipes that are laid in the ground must have a slope of at least two centimeters per one meter of length. In regions with a harsh climate, pipes must be additionally insulated with their own hands.