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Types of autonomous sewer systems

For a country house, it is important to have all communications that will make the life of those living in it comfortable, high-quality and modern. And the point here is not only in the water supply system and electrical communications. Autonomous sewerage also contributes to the improvement of a detached cottage. For those who do not yet understand what autonomous sewage is, our material is below.

Autonomous sewerage is a system for the removal and collection of sewage from the house and all residential / household premises. In the case of using modern types of sewer systems, drains can be additionally cleaned and drained into the ground, which increases not only the efficiency of communication in a private house, but also allows you to take care of the environment.

Important: wastewater, even in small quantities, constantly penetrating the soil, can cause irreparable harm to aquifers that lie close to the surface. And this means that the water from your well and the neighbor's well is not subject to use in accordance with sanitary standards.

Types of sewer system for a private house

For the device of an autonomous sewage system in a suburban area, you can use different types and types of sewer structures. So, according to the method of collecting and treating wastewater, sewer systems can be divided into such.

Cesspool

The easiest way to equip a private sewer system. It was used by our ancestors and today in some cases it is used in summer cottages for infrequent use of the water supply system and toilet.

Such a private sewerage system is a pit dug in the ground with even smooth walls. Sometimes, in order to prevent possible soil shedding, the owners of a dacha or cottage lay out the walls of the cesspool with bricks or cinder blocks like chess masonry, leaving small gaps in places. These holes allow waste water to go into the ground.

Important: the installation of such an autonomous sewage system is prohibited in Russia and is criminally punishable, since it poses a real threat to the environment.

Such an autonomous sewage system has one single advantage - a minimum of funds for its arrangement. However, the number of shortcomings in such a private sewage system is numerous. These are:

  • The need to attract special equipment in the event that the pit will be large or large labor costs for the formation of a cesspool;
  • A clear preponderance towards gross violations of sanitary and epidemiological norms according to SanPin;
  • The presence of a sharp and unpleasant odor in the area as a result of the accumulation of sewage in the pit;
  • The need for monthly involvement of sewage equipment for pumping wastewater from the pit;
  • High risk of water pollution in a well or well and, as a result, toxic poisoning of all relatives and neighbors in the area;
  • The impossibility of using such an autonomous sewage system in those areas where swampy soils predominate or there is a large amount of peat in the soil, aquifers close to the surface, sand or sandstone.

Sealed storage


This type of sewage is also an analogue of a cesspool, with the only difference being that such a storage tank is completely sealed. That is, after digging a hole, it is completely equipped in such a way that the drains in no way seep into the ground. For the installation of a sealed autonomous sewer by type, the drive is often used:

  • Standard concrete rings, which are mounted one on one in height, reliably sealing the joints with sealant and mastic. A cover with a hatch is laid on top.
  • Plastic tanks by barrel type. In this case, the container must be well anchored in the ground, otherwise it may be washed away and floated out of the soil under the influence of groundwater.
  • Old car tires. They are used if the autonomous sewage system is supposed to be small. Here it is important to carefully seal the joints of the tires.
  • Habitual summer resident brickwork solid wall with concrete bottom.

All these materials form a sealed chamber for collecting sewage in it. The principle of operation of such an autonomous sewage system is simple. First, all drains are sent by gravity to the reservoir, where they accumulate to a certain volume. As soon as the volume of the storage chamber of such a private station is filled, you have to invite a sewage machine to drain the tank.

Important: the sealed storage must have a correctly calculated volume, otherwise the vacuum truck will have to be called too often.

Benefits of sealed storage:

  • Safety for the environment;
  • The ability to arrange such autonomous sewage systems on the site without violating the landscape design.

Such a structure also has disadvantages:

  • A large amount of work during the installation of the drive;
  • The need to clean the tank at regular intervals;
  • Possible presence of an unpleasant odor in the area at the time of pumping wastewater from the storage tank.

Important: you need to choose the material for the equipment of a sealed storage tank carefully, based on the financial capabilities and technical characteristics of the material itself.

Mechanical septic tank


This type of autonomous sewer is a more advanced facility for sewage treatment. The design of a mechanical septic tank consists of 2-4 working chambers, in each of which there is a phased treatment of wastewater. As a result, the drains clarified in this way completely go into the ground. Once every six months or a year, the owner remains to clean the septic tank chambers from the sludge accumulated in them with the help of a sewer.

Important: a mechanical septic tank is not suitable for areas where groundwater is too high. There is a risk of waterlogging the soil or washing away the house.

The principle of operation of such a treatment system is to settling water and the precipitation of large heavy debris at the bottom of each of the chambers. As a result, lighter water each time flows by gravity into the next tank, eventually reaching the ground.

Important: the more chambers in a mechanical septic tank, the cleaner the water will be at the outlet. On average, wastewater treatment in this way allows you to get water purified by 70%.

Advantages of a mechanical septic tank:

  • Relatively economical expenditure of funds for its construction;
  • The possibility of equipping your own sewage system on a site with a well or well (provided that it is located at a distance of 20 or more meters from the source);
  • Complete energy independence, which means that a water purification system can be installed in a summer cottage without power supply;
  • Complete absence of unpleasant odors from the septic tank.

However, this system also has its drawbacks:

  • The complexity of work on the arrangement of a septic tank;
  • The need for technical inspection of tanks and their cleaning at intervals of a year, as well as the need for periodic replacement of the sand and gravel filter in the last drainage chamber;
  • Possible overflow of wastewater in case of incorrect calculations of the first storage chamber.

Local wastewater treatment plants


For the installation of an autonomous sewer, you can also use special autonomous stations designed and manufactured specifically for the collection and processing of sewage. Such a system is a monolithic tank on the outside, divided inside by partitions and an overflow system into three, four, or five compartments. The chambers are equipped with special pumping devices that facilitate the overflow of clarified water. In addition, an autonomous wastewater treatment plant is equipped with special biological filters, which allows wastewater treatment using aerobic or anaerobic bacteria. Bacteria contribute to the rapid decomposition of domestic wastewater into simple components (water, methane, nitrates and nitrites), which makes wastewater clarification more effective.

Important: autonomous stations with bacterial filters and a biological wastewater treatment system allow you to get clarified up to 95% water at the outlet. And this, in turn, is a direct concern for the environment, since such water can be dumped directly into reservoirs, storm sewers, or spent on watering garden crops.

The advantages of such a system:

  • High degree of water purification;
  • Long service life of the station (from 50 years or more);
  • The possibility of arranging a private sewage system without violating the overall landscape design;
  • Ease of installation and maintenance of the system;
  • The complete absence of a characteristic smell in the area.

The only disadvantage of such a station is its price. However, the cost of the cleaning system fully pays off already in the first two years of operation.

Important: it is necessary to choose the type of an autonomous sewerage system for a suburban area based on personal requirements for the comfort of living in a cottage, the total volume of drains, the regularity of using sewerage and the size of the family budget. But, by no means to the detriment of the environment.