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Ventilation of the sewerage system in a private house: general design rules and elimination of odors

To create comfortable conditions for living in a private house, it is imperative to equip sewer ventilation. It will ensure that there is no foreign unpleasant smell in the premises. Each plumbing fixture is equipped with a siphon (a curved pipe that always contains water). This creates a water seal from the side of the septic tank. This is the first condition to prevent the spread of unpleasant odors. But with intensive draining of water simultaneously from the bathroom and the toilet, the air in the sewer pipe is discharged, the pressure drops sharply. As a result, water from the siphons goes into the pipe and air from the septic tank can flow freely. How is sewage ventilation arranged in a private house in order to protect oneself from such unpleasant phenomena? Let's look into this issue.

Device rules to follow

Sewer ventilation in a private house, as was said, is mandatory. It will prevent the spread of odors in the bathrooms. If the house has several risers, they are combined into a common ventilation system.

There are several basic rules for installing ventilation risers in a private house:

  • the exhaust pipe is brought to the roof of the house, to a height of at least 1 m;
  • if several ventilation systems are combined into one, it is necessary to use pipes of the same diameter (usually 50 or 110 mm);
  • it is not necessary to install a cap on the outlet section of the ventilation pipe, because condensate may form, which in winter forms ice plugs;
  • it is forbidden to combine sewer ventilation with a chimney or with a common ventilation system of a private house;
  • the ventilation pipe must be located at a distance of at least 4 m from the top floor windows and balconies;
  • it is not recommended to mount the ventilation pipe under the roof overhang, since snow and ice coming down from the roof in winter can damage it.

Properly equipped sewer ventilation will ensure comfortable living in a private house and prevent the entry of gases and odors into its premises.

Pipe selection and overall design

Consider the option of a multi-storey private house. If bathrooms are installed on each floor, then the simultaneous drain from all floors can increase the absorption of water from the siphons. For this reason, the sewer pipe must be led out through the roof. Its height must be more than 4 m from ground level. Only in this case:

  • water will remain in the hydraulic seals;
  • when draining, an air lock will not be created;
  • unpleasant odors will not spread in the premises.

For sewer ventilation, it is recommended to use plastic pipes. They are light, their installation is simple, they are equipped with all the elements necessary for connection. Almost any man who has minimal skills in repair and construction can mount ventilation from plastic pipes.

The pipe is brought out through a special ventilation duct, which is provided for even when designing a house.

Scheme of ventilation of the sewerage system of a two-story private house

If for some reason the installation of the pipe was not provided for by the project, it can be mounted with a horizontal outlet into the wall, covering the outside with a decorative rosette.

It's important to know! In a one-story house, the ventilation pipe can have a diameter of 50 mm, in multi-storey buildings - at least 110 mm.

In areas with severe winters, the pipe should be insulated to prevent icing at the outlet.

The ventilation pipe can be mounted with a horizontal outlet to the wall, covering the outside with a decorative rosette

If there are any difficulties with the ventilation device (for example, it is expensive) or it is not possible at all, there is another option for solving the problem - ventilation of the sewage system using vacuum-type valves.

Installation of vacuum valves

Installation of vacuum valves is carried out inside the house at the end of the sewer riser.

The vacuum valve installed at the top of the riser is activated by vacuum and does not allow unpleasant odors to escape from the riser

Their device and principle of operation:

  • the valve has a spring with little resistance, as well as a rubber tight seal;
  • when there is a discharge in the sewer from effluents moving along the riser, the valve immediately works - it opens, passing air from the room into the sewer system. As a result, the vacuum is extinguished;
  • after the pressure in the room and the sewer system is equalized, the spring works, closing the valve opening and thereby preventing the fetid odor from the sewer riser from entering the house.

Vacuum valves cannot, however, be a complete replacement for ventilation pipes.

Over time, they become clogged and fail. In addition, vacuum valves will not be able to eliminate sewer odors if water has dried up in the siphons installed to plumbing fixtures.