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Ventilation for the sewer system

The absence of a fan pipe and other devices will sooner or later lead to the fact that the ventilation of the sewer will be disturbed and the unpleasant smell will quickly spread throughout all the premises of the house. Regardless of the presence of a centralized or autonomous system, ventilation problems need to be solved as quickly as possible. But if an incoming master successfully copes with this in an apartment, the care of a private house falls on the shoulders of the owner. And it is about how to arrange the ventilation of a private house or fix problems with your own hands, it is worth talking in more detail.

The presence in the house of risers with a cross section of more than 50 mm, two or more floors and a large number of plumbing fixtures dictates the need to install a ventilation system. A sharp volley discharge of a large volume of water forms a vacuum in the pipes, as a result of which the siphons are emptied. And it is the absence of a water seal that allows odors to freely enter the room.

Even if the house is equipped with large pipes and there is a minimal threat of blocking the section with a drain flow, air from the sewer can still appear in the room. The reason is the small size of the siphons. If the sewer is not used for 3-5 days, the water dries up and a void forms, the water seal valve does not work again and the aromas spread into the house. Troubles can be avoided if there is sewer ventilation in a private house, which is quite easy to do with your own hands. The system may consist of a conventional downpipe or use a vacuum valve. Both options are good, they are used not only in private houses, but also in apartments, and the most effective is the scheme where there is both a fan pipe and a valve that plays the role of the desired addition.

sewerage pipe

The device is a continuation of the sewer riser, brought out. The principle of operation is simple: warm air always rises and is discharged outside, as a result of which a small type of vacuum is created in the pipe system (like draft in a stove) and air is pushed out of the rooms of the house into the sewer, and not vice versa.

Important! The outlet of the fan pipe is carried out through a special shaft, provided for even at the stage of laying the house. But if the device did not work out, then you can bring the pipe system horizontally through the wall on the side.

But in order to equip the ventilation riser with a fan pipe with your own hands correctly, take note of the following recommendations:

  1. The height of the fan pipe cannot be less than 0.5 m from the roof level. In the case of an attic, the length increases to 3-3.5 meters;
  2. The cross section of the hood diameter must be equal to the diameter of the riser pipeline;
  3. If there are a lot of sewer risers, it is allowed to connect the elements in the upper part and equip the system with one fan pipe;
  4. It is impossible to connect sewer-type ventilation with stove or exhaust general house ventilation;
  5. The best place for pipes is a blank wall of the house. If taken out near window openings or a balcony, the smell can seep into the house. In the absence of a blank wall, the distance between the windows and the outlet of the sewerage pipeline must be at least 4 meters;
  6. If the roof of the house is multi-pitched, the fan pipe should not be led out under the overhang of the slope, the structure can easily break from snow melting;
  7. Equip the top of the hood with a deflector - it is guaranteed to block the ventilation in the winter. Condensation forms on the deflector, which, when frozen, will tightly clog the outlet and the air will go into the rooms.

The hood is made from a pipe from which a common riser is made and is a continuation of the pipeline, bringing it out. The use of cast iron is not desirable, since the material is susceptible to corrosion and there is a risk of complete rusting and falling of the pipe, it is best to make the outlet plastic.

Advice! The fan pipe needs to be insulated. Of course, it all depends on the region and temperature differences. However, even with mild winter frosts, insulation will not interfere in summer cottages, where sewage is used only in the warm season.

Arrangement of sewerage with a vacuum valve

The use of a valve is necessary if it is not possible to install a vent pipe. The system works like this:

  • inside the case there is a spring and a rubber seal;
  • when a vacuum is formed inside the riser (volley discharge of a large volume of water), the spring opens the seal, and air enters the system, equalizing the required pressure;
  • after the spring returns to its place, as a result of which the air from the sewer does not enter the rooms.

The vacuum valve cannot serve as an equivalent replacement for the fan pipe, but it does its job well, however, when the water in the siphon dries up, the valve will not prevent the spread of unpleasant odors.

Important! The vacuum valve is always mounted at the top of the riser and only in a heated room.

If it is impossible to install the element on the riser, the installation is made on a pipe running horizontally. Installation rules:

  1. the element is mounted above the point of connection of pipes to the sewerage system of the highest drain of the plumbing fixture;
  2. if the drain is at floor level, the valve is installed at a distance of 35 cm from the height of the floor covering;
  3. it is necessary to ensure free air intake into the vacuum device, as well as access for repair and manual opening (if necessary).

External type ventilation: system arrangement

When equipping the house with an autonomous sewerage system, it is possible to use external ventilation. There are two possible locations:

  • outlet of the hood along the wall panels of the house. In practice, this looks like a drain with the end of the pipe above the roof level. The scheme provides for the withdrawal of the structure from the house and fastening to the wall element by means of clamps;
  • installing pipes on a septic tank is a convenient option, since the pipe is located far from the house and completely minimizes the possibility of smell entering the rooms.

External sewer ventilation in a private house is equipped in the absence of a sewer riser, which happens in small buildings or seasonal residences. The use of this method involves the arrangement of a vacuum valve to improve the ventilation system.

Cesspool ventilation: purpose and types

Ventilation pipes are necessary not only to prevent the appearance of smell in the house, but also to balance the pressure within the entire system. However, there is one more reason for the mandatory arrangement of ventilation: in the process of decomposition of organic waste, combustible gas is formed and with a large accumulation of matter, a fire is possible. To prevent this from happening, ventilation of the cesspool is necessary. The device does not require large expenses, but you can do it yourself.

The hood circuit can be equipped extremely simply:

  1. install a conventional sewer PVC pipe with a cross section of 100 mm;
  2. attach the pipe to the wall at the back;
  3. bring the upper end over the roof of the septic tank to a height of approximately 20 cm;
  4. insulate the pipe from below with tow soaked in bitumen;
  5. cover the exit from debris with a sheet of tin;
  6. concrete the exit shaft.

Advice! For the formation of powerful traction, the top of the pipe is equipped with a deflector.

If cesspool ventilation without a toilet is installed, installation also does not take much time:

  • install a pipe system next to the hatch, the size of which is calculated by the immersion depth and output height;
  • equip the top of the output with a motor to increase traction;
  • cover the exit with a tin sheet.

The sewer hood is ready, and thanks to the presence of a motor, there will be no stench on the site even on the hottest summer days. In addition, there will be no unpleasant odors in the toilet, decomposition vapors will no longer affect the wood, which means that the toilet will last longer.

When building a toilet with a drain pit, it is better to build a toilet away from the pit. It is not difficult to connect structures using a conventional sewer pipeline with a cross section of 100 mm or more. And if you mount a tee, it will be easy to attach a ventilation pipe, which guarantees good ventilation. In any case, the ventilation device is possible in two ways:

  1. a natural option occurs when the pressure in the drain pit increases;
  2. forced - air moves through the operation of fans connected to the power supply.

natural ventilation

A vertical pipe is installed, which is needed to remove odors, and the installation is carried out not below the boundary of the level of filling the pit with sewage, and the top goes beyond the roof.

The cross section of the outlet must be more than 100 mm, the upper end must be at least 70 cm from the roof level. Sealing the pipe and fastening with clamps is mandatory - so you don’t have to worry that the pipe will be blown away during a strong wind.

Forced ventilation

The most efficient way, but requires electricity. Making a hood with your own hands is easy:

  1. bring electricity to the toilet;
  2. pick up a medium power fan (300 watts is enough);
  3. form a hole for the device, and the fan should work for distillation so that the air does not stagnate in the toilet room;
  4. equip several openings for the influx of fresh air (this can be a regular slot at the threshold).

In this case, the scheme does not provide for the installation of ventilation pipes in the drain pit itself, a fan is enough, which will perfectly expel the air and, along with it, all the unpleasant odors.

Well, to avoid the appearance of a strong smell in the drain pit, it is enough to purchase biological cleaning products. These can be powders, tablets or liquids for sewer pits. As you can see, the ventilation device is quite affordable for any owner, and the choice of systems is quite diverse.