Dendrobium nobile orchid care: how to grow exotics at home? Dendrobium: home care Dendrobium nobile orchid reproduction.

Among the whole sea of ​​shapes and colors of graceful orchids Dendrobium nobile remains unique and unforgettable. This orchid blooms very unusually. Its trunk is literally strewn with large flowers of various colors from the base to the top. It attracts the attention of flower growers and the fact that caring for this species is not as difficult as for others. Having learned all the nuances of caring for a plant, even a novice orchidist will be able to cope with growing Dendrobium nobile at home.

Origin and appearance of the Dendrobium nobile orchid

The perennial herbaceous plant Dendrobium nobile belongs to the orchid family. Its second name, Noble Orchid, characterizes this wonderful flower as accurately as possible.

Like most representatives of the orchid family, Dendrobium nobile came to us from Asia. India, Bhutan, Assam, the Himalayas, Thailand, China - this is not a complete list of countries where this plant is found.

The translation of the name of this genus of orchids - "living on trees" - speaks for itself. These orchids lead an epiphytic lifestyle - they grow on other plants or are permanently attached to them. Dendrobium nobile grows in deciduous and evergreen tropical forests. But there are also lithophytes that adorn the harsh, moss-covered rocks.

Dendrobium nobile has a sympodial type of growth: from upright pseudobulbs, divided into segments, a thick juicy stem up to 90 cm high is formed. At first, a green, pseudobulb, by the end of life (after about 4 years), turns yellow and dies. But before that, babies are formed on its top, giving life to new plants.

Appearing in Europe in the 19th century, the plant instantly became incredibly popular. On its basis, they immediately began to develop new hybrids, which in our time can no longer be counted. For this reason, a real Dendrobium Nobile orchid cannot be found in a store.

Large, up to 9 cm in diameter, the flowers have a waxy texture. The color is varied - white, yellow, orange, deep purple. A distinctive feature of Dendrobium nobile hybrids is the special arrangement of peduncles. They are formed not at the top of the pseudobulb, but along its entire length. Inflorescences consist of 1 - 3 flowers. And the whole pseudobulb can be decorated with 70 flowers at the same time.

Care and reproduction of Dendrobium Nobile at home are not difficult. But this, of course, when compared with the complexity of keeping other species of the orchid family. Indeed, nobile does not need to shake over the Dendrobium and, as they say, blow off the dust particles from it. But you need to clearly understand that an orchid is not a simple geranium, but an exotic that requires increased attention and strict adherence to the rules of care. The florist who took the Dendrobium Nobile into his home is obliged to create an environment for the orchid that is as close as possible to the natural conditions of its habitat.

Advantages and disadvantages of an exotic flower

Among the advantages of this orchid, flower growers note beauty, a variety of shapes and colors, a pleasant aroma, and long flowering. And, of course, a non-capricious character compared to other orchids.

Among the shortcomings are intolerance to dry air, which complicates the care of Dendrobium Nobile at home in apartments with central heating.

Representatives of the orchid family are not very fond of transplanting, and Dendrobium nobile is no exception. The plant is transplanted 1 time in 3 years - and then out of urgent need:

• if the plant is sick;
• in case of compaction or salinization of the substrate;
• the plant grew strong, the pot became cramped.

Dendrobium nobile is transplanted in the spring, after flowering.

Soil composition

For planting or transplanting Dendrobium nobile, a soil mixture is required that conducts air and water well. The basis of such a mixture is pine bark of the middle fraction. In it, if desired, you can add chopped moss, coconut fiber. Be sure to include pieces of coal in the substrate, they will prevent the soil from acidifying.

You should also take into account the factor of illumination.

• if the plant is located on the south window, then more moss can be added to the mixture - it retains moisture longer;
• on the north window, on the contrary, the mixture should “breathe” more - it is better to add small pieces of foam plastic as a baking powder to the pine bark.

In which pot to move the plant

Dendrobium nobile is a rather large plant, especially adult specimens. Therefore, it is better to choose an air-permeable clay container with good drainage holes.

Before planting, clay containers must be prepared: ignited in the oven, allowed to cool and soaked in clean, settled water for 2 hours.

Now there are a lot of special ceramic orchid pots on sale, which have holes on the walls, which significantly improves gas exchange in the root system. The size of the pot should correspond to the size of the root system and only 2 cm larger than the diameter of the previous one.

How to transplant: a step-by-step description of the process

1. The old soil is completely removed from the root system of the plant. If this is difficult to do, the pot with the plant is soaked in water, and then the swollen substrate is very easily removed.
2. Examine the roots, remove damaged or broken ones. The wounds must be sprinkled with crushed coal and left for several hours in the air so that the damaged areas dry out.
3. At this time, a large layer of drainage is poured into a new container, and about 2-3 cm layer of substrate is on top. It is better to lay it in a slide so that it is more convenient to arrange the roots.
4. The orchid is placed exactly in the center of the dish, the remaining substrate is added on the sides. Pseudobulbs do not bury.
5. If the plant needs support, it must be installed and the orchid fixed on it.
6. The transplanted plant is sent to a shaded place with a temperature of 20 ° C.
7. After 2-3 days of adaptation, if there was no severe damage to the root system, the orchid can be watered.

Dendrobium nobile is grown not only in pots. Orchids placed on a block grow very well. A block is a material to which a plant can be attached. To do this, you can use the bark of a pine or cork oak, a block of a tree fern. Recently, this method of landing has become increasingly popular.

Video: the dendrobium has faded - you can transplant

What to do when caring for an orchid at home

Caring for the Dendrobium nobile is not as difficult as for some other types of orchids, but the plant requires you to strictly follow the basic rules.

An orchid will live and bloom with proper watering.

First, let's talk about the quality of the liquid. Water should be soft, filtered. You can use boiled and cooled. Its temperature should be several degrees above room temperature.

Each apartment has its own microclimate, therefore, under different conditions of detention, it is impossible to establish clear rules for watering: the grower must focus on the level of illumination and temperature of his own home. The hotter, the more generous watering should be, and, conversely, with a decrease in temperature, the intensity of moisture decreases.

Spring and summer watering is characterized by abundance, but not frequency. The bark that fills the pot must dry completely before the next moistening. In winter, water very carefully to avoid root rot.

The ideal moisturizing method still remains the immersion method, when the plant pot is immersed 1/3 in a container of water so that the roots and substrate are well nourished, then the excess moisture is allowed to drain.

Many flower growers recommend regularly bathing an orchid under a hot shower, the temperature of which is from 40 to 45 ° C. This procedure not only cleans the leaves, helping to improve gas exchange in the tissues, but also stimulates flowering. Be sure to soak the water in the axils of the leaves after a shower to avoid rotting.

How much to fertilize

Since the orchid grows in poor soil, it must be fertilized, but only at a certain time. Top dressing begins in the spring, when the active growth of the flower resumes, and continues during the flowering period. You should never forget how much and what kind of feeding Dendrobium Nobile needs. Only fertilizers intended for orchids should be used. Their rate is reduced by half from that indicated in the instructions. Fertilizers are applied at every 3rd watering. Foliar top dressing with a highly diluted fertilizer will not be superfluous. By alternating these methods, you will help the plant absorb nutrients as much as possible.

Dendrobium nobile has one feature. In spring, not only growth buds wake up, but also flower ones. Passion for nitrogen fertilizers will lead to the formation of a large number of children, but you can not wait for flowering. Therefore, when the sprouts have reached almost half their size, discard nitrogen-containing top dressings in favor of those that include phosphorus.

Video: how not to fertilize a plant

Preparing for flowering

Dendrobium nobile blooms at different times of the year, this is due to the incredible number of hybrid forms. The flowering period takes a month, sometimes a little more. Its duration directly depends on the air temperature of the room in which the plant is contained. The higher it is, the sooner the orchids will bloom. The ideal temperature for flowering is 18 C.

Sometimes an orchid refuses to bloom. Why? This happens if you do not pay attention to the requirements of the plant for the conditions of detention. If you observe the correct combination of lighting, temperature and watering parameters, then there will be no problems with the development of flower buds.

1. From spring, lighting should be as bright as possible.
2. The temperature during the day is within 25 C and not higher, at night it is 3–5 C lower, otherwise the flower buds will be reborn into growth buds.
3. Watering is plentiful, with good drying of the substrate.
4. Don't overdo it with fertilizers. High concentrations can damage the roots.

After flowering, all flower stalks are removed. If there is a need for a transplant, do it. For a few days after transplanting, do not water the orchid to prevent the possible development of rot on the roots.

And most importantly - after flowering for an orchid, a period of rest must necessarily come.

Do not rush to remove old yellowed pseudobulbs. They will serve as food for young growing shoots. You can cut them off only after they dry. Do not forget to sprinkle the cut with crushed coal.

For Dendrobium Nobile to bloom actively, it needs a lot of light.

Video: careful care will make the orchid bloom

How to care when the dormant period has come

Dendrobium Nobile is a cyclic plant. It is necessary to create such conditions for the orchid so that it goes through all the cycles of its development provided by nature. The rest period is very important for a flower. It was at this time that he accumulates strength, begins preparing for the next flowering.

In our climatic conditions, the Dendrobium nobile is forced to go into winter rest. This is due to the decrease in light intensity.

1. The plant must be taken out to a room with a daytime temperature of 15 - 16 C, a night temperature of 10 - 12 C.
2. Watering stops. If the pseudobulbs begin to wrinkle, you can lightly spray the substrate and leaves.
3. It is not necessary to specially maintain humidity around the plant during this period.
4. After 2-3 weeks, flower buds should appear in the internodes of the pseudobulb.

After flowering, the orchid must rest

Table: seasonal requirements of the Noble Orchid to the conditions of detention

Table: the most common care errors, their elimination

Error	How does it manifest	elimination
dry brown spots on the leaves	Sunburn	Do not expose the leaves to direct sunlight after spraying (especially through window glass). You need to accustom the orchid to the sun gradually
Moist, rotting spots on leaves	Spraying at low temperatures	Avoid spraying if the air temperature is below 20°C. Under these conditions, moisture is very slowly evaporates, and conditions favorable for the development of gray rot are created
The lower leaves turn yellow and fall off, while the orchid looks healthy	Natural aging process of leaf plates	Do not worry: the leaf lives no more than 2 years
leaf base rots	Water intrusion into leaf axils	After spraying and showering, remove water from the leaf axils with a tissue
Dendrobium refuses blossom	Not enough light. Rest period not observed	Dendrobium Nobile - the most light-loving orchids. Without sufficient lighting and a dormant period, the plant will not bloom.

Table: diseases and pests characteristic of Dendrobium nobile

The best prevention of Dendrobium Nobile against diseases and pests is proper care.

Diseases and pests	Symptoms	Treatment measures	Prevention
Root and stem rot fungal disease, caused by frequent waterlogging of the soil	The plant looks wilted. Leaves and pseudobulbs are covered with weeping brown spots.	The plant needs an urgent transplant. Remove the old substrate. Cut off damaged areas of roots and leaves. Sprinkle wounds and healthy roots with crushed coal and dry. If the lesion has severely affected the orchid, the plant must be treated with Mykosan biofungicide. Plant in new soil. Don't water for a couple of weeks.	Adjust the watering schedule according to the conditions in which the orchid grows. Water only after the soil is completely dry.
thrips	Small winged insects found on the underside of leaves. Damaged leaves turn brown and fall off. The edges of the flower petals look withered.	Spray the orchid with a solution of Aktara insecticide (4 g per 5 liters of water). If the plant is heavily infected, the treatment should be repeated after 2 weeks. You can apply Actellik (2 ml per 2 liters) of water. With a slight lesion, 1 spraying is enough, with a strong one - again after 15 days. The drug is toxic, it is necessary to use personal protective equipment. Drugs can be alternated.	From insects, the leaves are cleaned with a napkin dipped in a soapy solution, which has an antiseptic and disinfecting effect. Bathe your orchid regularly in the shower. Spraying the plant tincture of garlic.
Aphid	Aphids are able to colonize a flower very quickly. Entire colonies of pests actively suck out cell sap, which is why the leaves of the orchid are deformed, turn yellow and die.
Shchitovka	Sap-eating insects hide under brown shells. In a weakened plant, the leaves turn yellow and dry.
Cobweb-covered leaves and shoots are the main sign of the pest. Piercing the leaf, he leaves many small spots, which then merge into large ones. Affected leaves and flower stalks die off.

Photo gallery: recognize pests and diseases

A scab on an orchid leaf A spider mite braids young shoots with the thinnest cobweb

Reproduction methods

Propagating Dendrobium nobile at home is not so easy. There are 3 proven methods to get an orchid to give offspring.

The division of the bush

An adult and healthy Dendrobium nobile orchid, which has at least 3 pseudobulbs, is subjected to this method of reproduction. Since the procedure for the plant is stressful, it is carried out no more than 1 time in 4 years, combined with a transplant. Divided only after the Dendrobium nobile has faded.

1. Before dividing the bush, the root system of the orchid must be well saturated with water so that the roots become more flexible and pliable.
2. We remove the plant from the pot, shake off the substrate. With a sharpened knife we ​​divide into parts so that each has 2 - 3 pseudobulbs with roots.
3. Slices are immediately covered with crushed coal.
4. We leave the delenki for a day in a slightly shaded place to dry the wounds.
5. We plant in a suitable soil mixture and care in the same way as after transplanting.
6. New plants will flower next year.

Why choose cuttings

This method is considered the easiest.

1. For cuttings, you need to cut off an old pseudobulb without leaves (plant stem) under the root and cut it into pieces. Each must have at least 1 dormant bud.
2. We process the cut points with coal dust.
3. We put the cuttings in a container filled with wet moss. We cover with a bag or glass to create greenhouse conditions inside.
4. We keep the greenhouse in bright diffused light, regularly moisten and ventilate.
5. The root system is formed in 2 - 3 weeks, and the children themselves grow very quickly.

Reproduction by children

Dendrobium nobile forms a lot of children, including those from reborn flower buds.

Try to keep the babies on the mother plant as long as possible. This is necessary in order for the root system to grow.

When the shoots reach 8 cm in size, they can be carefully separated from the mother plant with a knife.

Treat cut points with activated charcoal.

After a day, independent young plants can be planted in the substrate.

The dendrobium orchid is a very beautiful, exotic flower, which is a herbaceous perennial belonging to the orchid family. If we interpret the name of the culture from Greek, then the dendrobium is translated as "living on trees." But among these orchids there are varieties growing on stones.

General information

In the wild, the orchid grows in the Philippines, Japan, New Zealand, China and Oceania. The culture has over 1200 varieties, differing from each other in a variety of colors, the shape of inflorescences, leaf plates and flowering time.

Dendrobium, in comparison with other orchids, reaches a length of only up to 70 centimeters, and its stem consists of cylindrical pseudobulbs. Leaf blades are lanceolate. They are placed alternately on the stem. Peduncles grow from their axils and contain one to four variegated inflorescences that have a pleasant aroma.

Growing this unusual orchid is quite simple, the main thing is to create a suitable microclimate for it and properly care for it, then it will delight the grower with its decorative effect and bright, unusual inflorescences.

Dendrobium orchid species and varieties photos and names

(noble ) - naturally grows in Vietnam or the Himalayas. The plant can have several peduncles, on which one to three large inflorescences appear, white in color with purple marks at the ends of the petals. Flowers have a pleasant aroma. Leaf plates are long, medium, lanceolate, dark green. The orchid blooms twice a year.

- in the wild, the culture grows in Australia. It has cylindrical stems with a thickening from below. The leaves are green, long, leathery, wide. On the peduncle grows 5 inflorescences of a white-pink hue with a spotted middle. Flowering time lasts from February to March.

- is a compact hybrid variety, reaching a height of up to 20 centimeters. Leaf plates are light green, lanceolate, leathery. On one low peduncle grows from 7 to 15 small purple inflorescences with an orange center and a pleasant aroma. Blooms once a year for 4-5 months.

- the height of the orchid reaches up to 40 centimeters. The leaf plates are long, glossy, with a pointed end of a dark green color. A short peduncle grows from leaf rosettes. 4-6 medium purple inflorescences appear on it. Blooms twice a season. Summer and autumn.

The plant has a thick trunk, reaching a height of up to 70 centimeters. Peduncles are short, on each 1-2 openwork, snow-white inflorescences with a yellow center and a pleasant aroma are formed. Leaf plates are green, glossy, large with a pointed end. The culture blooms one to two times a year.

- the inflorescences of this type of orchid initially have a white tint. A special tinted liquid used for watering gives them a blue color. Therefore, as the purchased plant fades, the next inflorescences will already be milky white. In height, the blue dendrobium reaches 50 centimeters and has green medium lanceolate leaves. The culture blooms twice a year.

- This hybrid was bred by Thai breeders. The plant has a thin, long trunk and long green, leathery leaves. Peduncles of medium length, they appear from 5 to 10 inflorescences of an olive or light yellow hue with a purple center. The orchid blooms twice a year.

- the culture has thin, high pseudobulbs, which are divided into segments. They grow close to each other, hanging slightly to the sides. Their length will depend on the lighting. Leaf blades are lanceolate, dark green. Peduncles grow from internodes, up to five large inflorescences are formed on them. The color of the flowers is orange or light yellow with a slight reddish tinge. The middle is covered with dark stripes.

- The homeland of the plant is Thailand, Laos and Nepal. The trunk of the epiphyte grows up to 45 centimeters in height. Leaf blades are lanceolate, dark green, pointed. The drooping peduncle reaches a height of up to 30 centimeters and has from 14 to 35 inflorescences of a pinkish, lilac, white or yellow hue with an orange center. Flowering time lasts from January to July.

The natural habitat of the plant is Australia. The culture has a cylindrical stem, which is thickened from below. Leaf plates are dark green, wide, lanceolate. Peduncle of medium length. It grows 4-5 white-pink inflorescences with a spotted center. The plant blooms from February to March.

- The natural habitat of the plant is Japan. This orchid variety is characterized by short stature, a thin and long trunk, narrow, leathery, long leaf plates of a dark green hue. On the peduncle grows 4-5 medium inflorescences of a white hue with a pleasant aroma. The orchid blooms twice a year.

- the stem of the culture is a low pseudobulb, which has a rounded-oblong shape. On each of them, one green, medium, leathery, lanceolate leaf plate is formed. The flower stalks of the orchid are long, drooping. Inflorescences have a golden hue and a pleasant aroma. An orchid can bloom, either once or twice a year.

- the plant is common in southern Asia. It reaches a height of up to 30 centimeters and has hanging shoots. The culture is the smallest of its kind. Leaf blades are lanceolate, pointed, glossy, dark green. Peduncle straight, filiform. It appears from 1 to 4 small inflorescences of a yellow hue with a dark center. The plant blooms from February to June.

This hybrid variety of orchid was bred in Thailand. It has a thin trunk, reaching up to 60 centimeters in length. Leaf plates are green, long, pointed, glossy. Peduncles are medium, they form 5-10 inflorescences of a yellow hue with a purple center. The culture blooms twice a year.

- The homeland of the orchid is Vietnam and Thailand. In height, the culture reaches from 15 to 23 centimeters. The leaves are green, leathery, oval. The peduncle grows up to 15 centimeters. It forms from 3 to 5 inflorescences of a bright yellow or orange-red hue. The middle and petals of the inflorescence have fringed edges.

- is a miniature plant native to Southeast Asia. The orchid grows mainly on coniferous trees. Leaf plates are medium, dark green, leathery, lanceolate. The inflorescences are small, white or yellow with a pleasant aroma.

- the plant has a trunk of medium thickness, reaching a height of up to 60 centimeters. The leaves are dark green, glossy, with a sharp end. The inflorescences are medium with wavy pink petals and a yellow center. Flowers have a pleasant aroma. Orchid bloom time falls in winter and summer.

In the wild, it grows in India, Laos and Thailand. The plant reaches a height of up to 10 centimeters and has green, leathery, lanceolate leaves. Peduncles drooping, short with two golden inflorescences with wavy petals.

- the orchid has tall, lignified trunks with dark green, lanceolate foliage with sharp edges. Peduncles grow from internodes and throw out 1 large inflorescence of a light yellow hue with a yellow center, decorated with orange veins. The culture blooms twice a year. The peak flowering of the plant occurs in the spring.

- the plant reaches a height of up to 50 centimeters and has thick stems of a green hue. Leaf plates are leathery, glossy, lanceolate. Peduncles are short with 1-2 large orange inflorescences with a pleasant aroma. The orchid blooms from January to May.

- the plant reaches a height of 3 to 10 centimeters. It has dark green, glossy leaves with a pointed end. Peduncles are short. They grow one inflorescence with a pleasant aroma. They can have white, yellow, purple, pink shades, and also be two-tone. The culture blooms twice a year.

Dendrobium orchid home care

In order for the dendrobium orchid to develop normally and delight the grower with its decorative effect, it should provide a microclimate similar to the one in which it grows in the wild.

From what place the grower chooses for the orchid, its growth and flowering will depend. It is best to prefer a northeast or north window sill. If the orchid grows on the north window, in winter it will need to be illuminated with a phytolamp, thus extending the daylight hours.

In summer, you should not put a flower on the southern windowsill, since not only direct sunlight will fall on it, but also the temperature regime will many times exceed the one that the plant needs. This variety of orchids, unlike the others, cannot be rotated around its axis, as this will have a bad effect on flowering.

The dendrobium orchid is a light-loving plant. Therefore, the place chosen for it should be well lit, but at the same time, care should be taken to ensure that the light is diffused. If direct sunlight hits the leaves, burns will appear on them. In winter and autumn, you can extend the daylight hours up to 12 hours with the help of a phytolamp. If the plant has little light, it will stop growing.

During the growing season with the onset of spring, the orchid begins to form young shoots, as well as accumulate moisture and substances necessary for growth and development. In order for the culture to develop well, appropriate temperature conditions must be created for it.

In spring they should be from +20 to +24, and in summer from +24 to +27. If the temperature rises or falls, the plant starts to hurt, and if the temperature rises to + 30, then instead of buds, children will begin to form. To stimulate flowering, it is necessary to create a temperature difference of 5 degrees between day and night.

Since orchids are native to tropical rainforests, the humidity in the room should not be below 60%. If the humidity is low, then the culture should be sprayed daily or a humidifier should be used.

Watering dendrobium orchids

During the growing season, watering the plant should be plentiful. However, care must be taken not to overmoisten the root system and not cause it to rot. The soil must be dry between waterings. It is better to use rainwater or distilled water, but experienced flower growers also use settled tap water.

The correct watering regime has a positive effect on plant growth. During the growing season, the crop should be watered twice a week. In autumn, watering is carried out once a week, and in winter once a month.

For irrigation, it is best to use the submersible method. For this purpose, the culture pot is lowered into a container of water and the orchid is left in it for 15 minutes, then they wait for the water to drain and return the pot to its place.

When watering, you need to ensure that the liquid does not get into the leaf axils and young bulbs, otherwise they may rot. If moisture does get on them, it should be blotted with a napkin.

The Phalaenopsis orchid is also a member of the Orchidaceae family. It is grown during home care without much hassle if you follow the rules of agricultural technology. You can find all the necessary recommendations, as well as watering methods in this article.

Soil for dendrobium orchids

The main ingredient in the substrate for the plant is pine bark. Its pieces should be small so that they can dry out faster after watering. It is better not to add sphagnum and peat, as these ingredients retain moisture, which leads to rotting of the root system. Instead, it is better to add a handful of charcoal.

For drainage, you can use foam or pebbles. Expanded clay is not suitable, as it accumulates salts from the water, which adversely affect the health of the plant.

Before planting an orchid in a substrate, it should be disinfected by spilling it with boiling water and letting it stand until it dries, after which the soil can be used for its intended purpose.

Dendrobium orchid pot

The root system in the pot should be a little cramped. If it is too spacious, then the bark will absorb more moisture, which means that soon the root system will begin to rot.

The pot should be tall enough for both drainage and counterweight. Since the dendrobium is a large and tall plant, it is imperative to put a counterweight on the bottom of the container to avoid the pot falling on its side.

There should be drainage holes at the bottom and in the side walls to facilitate the outflow of moisture and ventilation. Since the orchid's root system prefers a constant temperature, it is best to choose a clay pot that will help maintain the optimum temperature.

Dendrobium orchid transplant

Since the dendrobium does not tolerate transplantation very well, this procedure must be carried out every three years if:

• The substrate has begun to decompose or becomes dense;
• The soil is acidic;
• The root system suffered as a result of waterlogging;
• It's time for a transplant.

A pot for transplanting a plant should be taken clay, 4 centimeters more than the previous one. When the plant is taken out of the pot, it should be placed in a solution of succinic acid, prepared in the proportion of 1 tablet per 1 liter of water.

After the culture lies in the solution for 20 minutes, its roots will become greenish-milky. Then the plant must be taken out and put on a paper towel to dry for 30 minutes.

Next, you should take the pot, lay the drainage on the bottom and carefully place the orchid in it so that the old pseudobulbs are closer to the walls of the pot. The root neck of the plant must be left on the surface, the roots should be straightened, and the gaps between them should be filled with a substrate, lightly pressing it with the palm of your hand from above.

Watering is carried out a week after transplantation, after the wounds obtained during the procedure have healed on the root system.

Fertilizer for dendrobium orchids

It is necessary to fertilize the dendrobium from April to September twice a month. Top dressing can be diluted in water for irrigation or dissolved in spray liquid. The solution should be diluted in a concentration two times less than that indicated on the package.

During flowering, the plant is not fertilized. Nutrients should be added only if new pseudobulbs grow or old pseudobulbs thicken during flowering. If the orchid is sick or attacked by pests, fertilizing should be stopped until complete recovery.

Blooming dendrobium orchids

Each type of orchid has its own flowering time, but usually it falls in winter and spring. Dendrobiums bloom for eight to twelve weeks.

The size and color of orchid inflorescences will also depend on the type of crop. The most common colors are pink, yellow, purple, orange, red, and bicolor.

Almost all varieties of dendrobium exude a delicate, pleasant aroma during flowering.

Pruning a dendrobium orchid

You need to cut off the pseudobulb only when it is completely dry, giving the orchid all the necessary substances and liquid. If there are still buds on the peduncle, then it will definitely bloom, but this takes time.

You can remove dried or yellowed leaves, as well as faded buds. This is necessary to maintain the decorative appearance of the culture.

The dormant period of the dendrobium orchid

After flowering, the orchid has a dormant period, so the plant should be moved to a cool room so that it rests until the next growing season. During the day, the temperature regime should be within 16-20 degrees, and at night within 10-12.

Watering the culture should be reduced to a minimum, and after a while it should be completely stopped. Top dressing also needs to stop making. If the pseudobulbs begin to shrivel, you can lightly spray the substrate in the pot.

During the hibernation period, the plant should be closely monitored, and as soon as it begins to emerge from it, it should be moved to its usual environment and continue to care for the orchid as usual. The time of the hibernation period and the exit from it will depend on the variety of dendrobium.

Dendrobium propagation by cuttings

Dendrobium is propagated only vegetatively. The seed method is not used due to its complexity and the very slow growth of seedlings. Therefore, flower growers prefer to propagate the dendrobium orchid by cuttings.

In order to propagate the plant, it is necessary to separate the whole pseudobulb and cut it into pieces of 10 centimeters, sprinkling the slices with crushed coal and drying in the air. It is best to root the cuttings in damp moss by inserting them into a container with sphagnum and covering with a film.

The container with cuttings should be kept in a warm and lit place, airing it daily and moistening the moss with a spray bottle. After two months, when the planting material takes root, the plants can be transplanted to a permanent place of growth. Young orchids will bloom in three years.

Dendrobium orchid reproduction by children

The formation of children occurs in the upper part of the pseudobulb. After some time, they begin to form their own root system. When the roots reach a length of 5 centimeters, the children are carefully cut off with a sharp knife along with the roots, dried and rooted in pine bark at a temperature of +25 degrees and an air humidity of at least 60%.

You should also place the potty with the children in a sunny and warm place so that they grow better. Young orchids begin to bloom in two years.

Dendrobium reproduction by bush division

You can propagate an orchid using bush division. However, for this method it is necessary to take a mother plant that has already reached the age of four years and has four to six pseudobulbs. Division is always combined with transplantation.

Before dividing the plant, the root system must be removed from the pot, freed from the soil and cut into several divisions, on which a pair of pseudobulbs with the root system should remain. After dividing the bush, the sections must be treated with charcoal and the plants should be planted in pots.

The orchid does not tolerate division well. Therefore, for breeding, it is best to use the department of babies. Thus, the plant will receive a minimum of injuries, and the children will quickly take root and begin to grow.

Diseases and pests

With proper care of the dendrobium, the florist may not be afraid of diseases and pests, but if the rules are violated, the plant may undergo various problems that will affect its health.

Most often attacks the orchid aphids, spider mites, scale insects and mealybugs that feed on the juice of leaf plates, trunks and peduncles. These dangerous pests can be eliminated by spraying the culture with Actellik.

With improper watering, the orchid can be subject to ailments of fungal etiology. Excessive moisture of the substrate leads to the appearance of such a serious ailment as root rot . It will be difficult to save the plant in this case, but you still need to try to do it.

For this purpose, it should be transplanted into a new pot with a fresh substrate, after removing the damaged roots, drying them and treating them with charcoal. Watering the reanimated orchid should be carried out on the tenth day after the procedure.

Problems when growing a dendrobium orchid

The various problems that growers who grow orchids have to face are most often due to improper care of the crop.

The most common of these are:

• lack of flowering - the dendrobium does not bloom due to lack of sun, lack of a dormant period, or overfeeding with nitrogen fertilizers. By eliminating the above reasons, you can achieve the appearance of buds and luxurious flowering in the future.
• leaf twisting - twisting of sheet plates is observed when the air is dry and the temperature rises above the permissible level. By eliminating these causes, the problem with the leaves will resolve itself.
• Stickiness of sheet plates - the leaves become sticky as a result of the defeat of the orchid by the scale insect. You can destroy insects by treating the orchid with the Aktellik insecticide.
• Formation of children instead of buds - this problem occurs as a result of non-compliance with the rules of care during the dormant period, as well as with improper watering. Having identified mistakes in plant care and eliminated them, the grower will begin to notice the appearance of buds, which will turn into luxurious inflorescences with a pleasant aroma.
• Yellowing and falling leaves - the leaves begin to turn yellow and wither as a result of infection of the plant with root rot due to waterlogging of the soil. In this case, a transplant will help save the orchid, with the preliminary removal of damaged roots.
• Lack of growth - the orchid stops growing with a lack of fertilizer or low temperature indicators of its content. Having introduced the necessary dressings and corrected the temperature, the grower will begin to notice how the culture has grown.
• Blackening of sheet plates - black spots appear as a result of the defeat of the dendrobium by ailments of viral etiology, developing at low temperatures of maintenance and improper care. By normalizing the microclimate, and removing the damaged leaf plates, the culture can be saved.
• Fly on the leaves - plaque on the leaf plates appears as a result of infection of the orchid with a spider mite, which covers the leaves with a white sticky web. You can eliminate the pest by treating the plant with the Actellik insecticide
• Drying of leaf plates - the leaves can dry out if the orchid is damaged by a spider mite or due to lack of moisture. Drying can be eliminated by treating the orchid with the Aktellik insecticide or by establishing a watering regime.

Conclusion

The dendrobium orchid is distinguished by its decorative effect, long flowering period and luxurious bright flowers that exude a pleasant aroma.

In care, the culture is unpretentious, the orchid can be easily propagated, so many flower growers choose it, decorating their flower collections with this exotic epiphyte.

Many beginners start a dendrobium on impulse, subdued by its beautiful flowering. Indeed, this is a very beautiful blooming orchid. On sale, it is less common than the well-known phalaenopsis and is more expensive. According to the conditions of maintenance, these plants also differ somewhat. But here you bought yourself a dendrobium, brought it home. What to do with him next? Let's talk about it.

Most dendrobiums are epiphytic plants, like other orchids. They live on tree trunks, but they feed on their own. Translated from Greek, dendrobium is translated as “growing on a tree”. To date, more than 1000 species of dendrobiums have been described. Their natural habitat: Asia, New Guinea, India.

These flowers are suitable for keeping in greenhouses and city apartments. Flowering time depends on the species, but mostly occurs in the spring. Inflorescences have a light pleasant aroma. Compared to other types of orchids, this is not such a whimsical plant.

On average, the dendrobium grows up to half a meter in height, but larger specimens are also found. The stem consists of cylindrical pseudobulbs. The leaves are alternate, flower stalks appear from their axils, on which from one to 4 flowers bloom. The color of the petals can be very different. White, lilac, yellow, pink dendrobiums can be one-color, or two-color and even three-color.

Types of Dendrobium with a photo

Each type of dendrobium has something special and needs its own care. That is why we will highlight the most popular of them.

Dendrobium nobile

One of the most decorative types. Dendrobium nobile has fleshy, erect stems with a smooth and shiny surface. In height reaches half a meter or a little more. It begins to bloom in the second year of life with bright fragrant flowers. In hybrid varieties, flowering occurs several times a year.

The flowers are large, up to 10 cm in diameter, most often have a white border. The petals are elongated, with pointed tips. In its homeland in the Himalayas, dendrobium nobile grows on the slopes of the mountains. Flower growers consider him unpretentious in care. The minimum temperature of maintenance in winter is 15-16 degrees.

It needs bright diffused light throughout the year. In winter, this is achieved by using lighting. A mixture of peat, pieces of moss and charcoal is suitable as a substrate. After watering, moisture should linger in the substrate for some time.

On a note! When watering, try not to fall on young bulbs, they are prone to decay..

Transplantation is carried out in the spring when the pot is completely filled with roots. Plants are urgently transplanted only in extreme cases, for example, when the substrate is damaged. Propagated by dividing the old tuber.

The plant is originally from South Asia, currently has many hybrids. There are varieties with white, rich purple and lilac flowers. There are miniature varieties that grow no more than 30 cm in height. Standard specimens can grow up to 1 meter.

The size of the flowers varies greatly depending on the variety and can range in size from 2 to 15 cm. If the plants are provided with suitable conditions, flowering occurs three times a year and lasts for several weeks.

This species needs a 12-hour daylight hours with shading from direct sunlight. High humidity is also required, this is achieved by spraying and using a humidifier. In summer, the flower is watered twice a week, in winter - once every two weeks. These are approximate indicators that directly depend on the air temperature in the room.

Water should be soft, room temperature or slightly warmer. Likes leaf fertilizer. Planted in a mixture of pine bark and moss with the addition of charcoal in a transparent pot.

Attention! Only special liquid fertilizers for orchids are suitable for this species. Top dressing in the form of granules and sticks can burn the roots of the plant.

Not a very large species with dimensions of 30-45 cm. In nature, it grows on rocks and tree bark. This variety is classified as a group dendrobium because of the large number of bulbs. At the same time, it can produce up to 100 peduncles with a large number of yellow flowers. Flowering is accompanied by the appearance of a pleasant smell.

May bloom from February to September. Loves the difference between day and night temperatures. In the warm season, watering is frequent and plentiful, in winter - rare. Prefers a loose, breathable substrate based on pine bark. The concentration of fertilizers for this species should be weak. Repotting every two years.

In culture, it grows miniature, up to a maximum of 20 cm. In our country, it is still a rare and therefore expensive species. Most often, the flowers are white-lilac in color and smell very pleasant. With good care, it can bloom all year round. Each bulb has 1-2 inflorescences.

This species calmly tolerates even direct sunlight. He is even recommended a few hours a day of bright open sun. The species is not picky about air humidity. A special substrate for orchids with high air and moisture permeability is suitable as a primer. The flower is watered by soaking 2-3 times a week.

The flower is native to Australia. The stems grow up to 30-55 cm. Each peduncle can have up to 7 flowers with a diameter of 3 cm. Flowering lasts a month, spreading the aroma of vanilla around the room. Most often, King's Dendrobium blooms in spring. The species needs a long dormant period, during which the plant requires minimal care. This phase usually occurs in winter.

When growing, it is desirable to ensure the difference between day and night temperatures and the flow of fresh air. The soil should dry out between waterings. Painlessly tolerates transplantation and division of the bush, the dendrobium is transplanted after flowering.

Very fragrant variety with elongated stems. The leaves are located at the very top. Flowering occurs in spring and early autumn. The flowers are small, but very fragrant. Against the background of snow-white petals, a yellow lip and a red center stand out in contrast. Rest period twice a year - in winter and early summer. It is preferable to grow this species on blocks. The orchid loves the sun's rays and fresh air very much.

Asian variety with delicate pink flowers. The size of the inflorescences is 5-6 cm. Flowering occurs only 10-14 days, which is a little compared to other species. Flowering time is spring and early summer. Prefers a large difference in daily temperatures, up to 10 degrees. He loves the bright sun, the leaves do not get burnt, but reddish spots appear on them.

In the substrate, the main share should be moss, with small additions of bark and peat. If kept on blocks, daily watering is required in the morning, the water should be warm. Does not need frequent transplants. Young shoots are separated when they reach 5 cm.

An orchid with many leaves and an unusual color of flowers. Around the yellow-white lip are purple stripes, and the petals themselves are pale lilac. In nature, the variety lives in Southeast Asia. From the bright sun, the leaves get burned, shading is required. Flowering occurs at the end of winter - the beginning of spring. The plant is watered abundantly, twice a week. In winter, it is desirable to organize additional lighting. Otherwise, the requirements are standard for dendrobiums.

It stands out among other dendrobiums for its size. Its specimens often grow up to 1.5 meters, sometimes even higher. The elongated leaves grow in two rows. On one peduncle there can be up to 15 medium-sized flowers. It can bloom throughout the year, in the spring there is a peak of flowering. The flowers stay on the plant for a week and a half, but flowering can be called plentiful.

He likes the difference between day and night temperatures, in summer the maximum daytime temperature is about 30 degrees, in winter it is preferable to maintain it at 20 degrees. It suits medium light. During the growth period, watering should be plentiful. In winter, they arrange a little drying between waterings. You can grow both on the block and in the substrate. Transplanted when the roots become crowded in a pot.

The species is characterized by the presence of rare pointed leaves. At home, we rarely meet. Blooms in the spring months, flowering lasts about 3 weeks. This orchid can be classified as a miniature species - it grows up to 25 cm, but at the same time has relatively large 6 cm flowers. During the period of active growth, it needs abundant watering and a lot of light. In the cold season, the substrate is watered less and dried. In general, care requirements are standard for orchids.

How to care for dendrobium at home

An orchid will have a healthy appearance and full flowering only with proper care. The plant is easily ruined by improper watering or insufficient air humidity. It must be remembered that epiphytic plants must have a special content. We will talk about the general rules for keeping dendrobiums.

The most common types of dendrobium require a dormant period in winter. Therefore, the temperature of the content in winter and summer will be different. In the summer months, the dendrobium contains at a temperature of 22-28 degrees, in winter the values ​​\u200b\u200bshould be 17-20 degrees with a significant reduction in watering.

On a note! During the dormant period, watering can be replaced by spraying the substrate. Like other orchids, dendrobium requires high humidity. New hybrid varieties are less sensitive to this.

To increase humidity, traditional methods are used:

• the use of a humidifier;
• spraying the leaves of the plant;
• pallets with moistened pebbles or expanded clay, placed on the windowsill.

You need to spray the leaves in the morning and evening hours, when direct sunlight does not fall on the plant. Refracted in water droplets, the sun's rays can cause burns.

In our climatic zone, the dendrobium can suffer from an excess of sunlight in summer, and from a lack of light in winter. If the illumination for the dendrobium is insufficient, its shoots are bent, a small number of flower buds are laid. For most species, shading is organized in the summer months, and backlighting is turned on in winter so that daylight hours last at least 12 hours.

For illumination, a fluorescent lamp or a special fitolamp is suitable. In spring and summer, it is better to rearrange the pots with plants to the western or eastern windows, and in winter to transfer them to the southern windowsill.

During the active growing season, the dendrobium needs abundant watering, on average 2 times a week. Let the potted soil dry out completely between waterings. The drying time depends on the size of the pot and the temperature in the room. Excess moisture from the pan after watering must be removed; the root system of dendrobiums does not tolerate waterlogging. You need to use soft, slightly warm water. During the dormant period, watering should be minimal.

It is best to water the dendrobium by soaking while spilling the soil from above from a watering can. To do this, the pot is placed in a vessel with water for 20-30 minutes, the larger the pot, the longer the soaking time should be. After that, the excess water is drained and the plant is returned to the windowsill. If the room is cool, you need to wet the axils of the leaves with a napkin, otherwise they may rot.

Those who have high-quality water flowing from the tap can water the dendrobium from the shower head for several minutes. This method is good in that it allows you to remove salts, harmful impurities and excess fertilizers from the substrate. But, if the water is chlorinated or it is too hard, it is better not to use it.

How to water a Dendrobium orchid: video

It is better to grow dendrobiums using plastic pots, they can be either transparent or opaque. In a transparent pot, it is possible to track the state of the root system, so they are preferable for beginners. Glass or ceramic vessels can lead to hypothermia of the roots, which is undesirable for a tropical orchid.

In addition, the method of landing in plastic or wooden baskets or on a block is suitable. There should be many drainage holes in the pot, if there is only one, make additional holes with a soldering iron or drill. Do not use spherical pot-bellied pots. The roots of the dendrobium are very fragile; it will be impossible to remove them during transplantation without damage from such a pot.

On a note! It is impossible to plant a dendrobium in a pot without a drainage hole. Its roots need free access to air and cannot stand stagnant water.

Pine bark alone can be used as a substrate for dendrobiums. The rule here is - the larger the plant and its roots, the larger the pieces of bark should be. Some add sphagnum to it to increase the moisture capacity of the soil, but in this case it must be borne in mind that watering will be required less frequently.

Add pieces of charcoal to such a substrate to prevent possible decay. Activated charcoal is not suitable for these purposes, as it crumbles when wet. If you have to use purchased soil for orchids to plant dendrobiums, be careful with watering, as peat and moss particles are added to this substrate for moisture capacity.

Due to the fact that the roots of the dendrobium are highly sensitive, the fertilizer for it is diluted by half, even if it is a specialized top dressing for orchids. Those dendrobiums that do not have a pronounced dormant period are fed monthly with a complex fertilizer containing potassium and phosphorus. Those varieties that you send for wintering need to be fertilized two to three times a month with nitrogen fertilizer. During the rest period they are not fertilized.

Succinic acid for orchids plays the role of a biostimulator. The substance is of organic origin, absolutely non-toxic. "Yantarka" increases resistance to stress, adverse conditions, helps in recovery after a transplant or illness. A solution of succinic acid can be bought at a flower shop, where it is sold as a spray, or you can prepare it yourself by dissolving one tablet of succinic acid in 1 liter of water. The prepared solution retains useful properties for 3 days.

Succinic acid is used to treat all parts of the plant:

• seeds can be soaked in it,
• shed at the root
• spray the leaves.

On a note! Succinic acid is not a substitute for fertilizers, but is considered only an addition to them.

1. When transplanting to the bottom of the pot, it is recommended to lay a few heavy roots for counterweight.
2. They lay the bark of a large fraction.
3. Then the dendrobium is placed in a pot in such a way that there is room for new shoots, that is, pressing the bulb to the edge, the root collar is not deepened.
4. The gaps between the roots begin to gently fall asleep with smaller pieces of bark and shake the pot at the same time so that the soil is compacted.

After planting, the dendrobium is not watered for 4 to 10 days, depending on the size of the root system. This pause in watering is necessary so that the wounds on the roots can heal.

Dendrobium transplant: video

How to prune an orchid

Not everyone knows what to do with the dendrobium flower arrow after flowering. Should I cut it or not? The pseudobulb should be removed if you see it drying out. To do this, use a sharp disinfected knife. If there are green buds on the bulb, leave it on the plant, it may still bloom.

It is necessary to remove the pseudobulb when it becomes completely lifeless, transferring all the accumulated nutrients to the plant. After that, you need to put the pot with the orchid in a cool place and wait for the emergence of new shoots.

Bloom

What needs to be provided to a beautiful dendrobium for its flowering?

A necessary condition for the flowering of the dendrobium is the correct wintering. The plant is kept in a cool, bright room at a temperature of 12-15 degrees throughout the winter months. In late winter or early spring, the dendrobium blooms. If flowering is delayed, the plant needs to be fed. Then buds will definitely appear on it, and then luxurious fragrant flowers.

If the orchid brought from the store has faded, but the soil is still in good condition, there is no need to disturb the plant with a transplant. If the orchid living in your house has faded, then after flowering, as a rule, the growth of fresh shoots begins. So that the plant is not cramped in the old pot, with the beginning of growth it is transplanted into a new container. Wait until the new bulbs grow 10 cm in height. As we wrote above, if only the crown of the pseudobulb bloomed, then the flower arrow is not completely cut off, perhaps sleeping buds will wake up on it.

In terms of flowering, dendrobiums are considered capricious plants. Such a reputation is due to the fact that they need a number of conditions for flowering. Depending on the species, the dendrobium is divided into 6 temperature groups, each of which requires its own growing temperature. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify in specialized literature or on the Internet what content your dendrobium requires and stick to it. Influence flowering and other parameters. Perhaps the orchid does not bloom due to improper watering or insufficient light. Create the necessary conditions for her and the buds will definitely appear.

Dendrobiums breed

• children
• cuttings
• dividing the bush

babes

Babies appear at the top of the pseudobulb. You can separate them when they have their own roots. With a root size of 5 cm, a small plant is cut with a knife or unscrewed with movements around the axis. After that, the baby should be air-dried for several days or the cut should be smeared with garden pitch, and then it is planted in a separate pot with a very fine bark.

cuttings

For propagation by cuttings, pseudobulbs are separated from the mother bush and cut into pieces 10 cm long. Slices are covered with garden pitch. After that, the prepared cuttings are placed in a bag with moss and moistened. Root growth should take place in a warm room with diffused light. The bag must be opened daily for ventilation. The process of root formation takes 2 months, after which the seedlings can be planted in separate bowls.

The division of the bush

The division of the bush is possible in the presence of an adult strong plant, which has at least 6 pseudobulbs. Usually this procedure is combined with a transplant. The mother tuber is divided into several parts so that at least 2 pseudobulbs or one young sprout and one pseudobulb remain on each of them. Each division must have its own roots. All tools are processed before cutting, the sections are sealed with garden pitch.

Dendrobium diseases can be of viral origin, light rings or oval spots may appear on the leaves of the flower, the color and shape of the flowers change, they become ugly. Some viruses can even prevent buds from opening. It is impossible to cure such plants, they can only be thrown away.

Bacterial diseases can appear on the dendrobium in the form of spotting and rot, often they are accompanied by fungal infections. The diseased plant is isolated, all affected areas are cut out and the wounds are lubricated with brilliant green or any disinfectant solution. This should be done at the first sign of illness. The plant is kept in quarantine. If there are no new spots, they are returned to their place. Bacterial rot is more dangerous because of its rapid development, it must be dealt with without delay.

fungal diseases make up the largest group, they are partly provoked by unsuitable conditions of detention, under which fungal spores begin to actively develop. These diseases are manifested by the appearance of dark and brown spots, a gun. Treated with fungicides according to the instructions.

Sometimes a painful condition can be triggered by improper care.

The causes of yellowing leaves can be natural. So the dendrobium prepares for the next life cycle after flowering. Following this, the plant begins to grow new shoots and rhizomes. Of the other factors, improper watering, lack of nutrients can affect. If the leaf is not completely yellow, but there are yellow spots on it, this can be caused with sunburn.

The most common pests on dendrobiums: thrips, aphids, spider mites. Their appearance can be triggered by increased dryness of the air. For prevention, treat dendrobium leaves twice a month with soapy water. You can remove pests mechanically by collecting them from the leaves with a damp cotton pad. If the insects nevertheless multiplied, treat with actellik.

1. If you have a powerful tall plant that is grown in an unstable pot, place it in a planter with a few heavy pebbles on the bottom. You can also grow a dendrobium in a hanging basket, then it will definitely not fall.
2. As a block, you can use a fragment of a tree fern, carefully attaching orchid roots to it with a fishing line. Do not forget to make a moss-based substrate.
3. Instead of moss, vermiculite or agroperlite can be added to the substrate for moisture capacity.

Dendrobiums are so different plants that you are sure to find a variety to your liking. You can choose a suitable copy not only in a flower shop, but also order it on the Internet, and discuss all emerging growing problems on various flower grower forums.

1. Growing temperature: The temperature of the content will depend rather not on the time of year, but on the stage of development of the plant. During the formation of the pseudobulb, the dendrobium is kept at a temperature swing - warm during the day and cool at night. After the pseudobulbs are formed, the orchid is placed in a consistently warm place with a temperature of about 8 degrees Celsius. Plants will also need diurnal temperature changes to form buds. During the dormant period, which occurs immediately after flowering, coolness is created around the pot within 15 - 16 degrees Celsius.

2. Lighting: A brightly lit location with a lot of reflected sunlight. For the formation of buds, a long daylight hours of about 14 hours daily is very important.

3. Watering and humidity: The frequency of watering will depend on the temperature of the content and the stage of flower development. Between waterings, the top layer of the substrate is usually dried a few centimeters deep. The flower is very sensitive to water quality - use only soft water at room temperature for irrigation. Humidity is high.

4. Peculiarities: for growing beginner gardeners, varieties of dendrobium are suitable, which can be kept throughout the year at normal room temperature.

5. Priming: the flower is grown in a coarse-grained, highly breathable orchid mixture, which may consist of sphagnum moss, pieces of pine bark, pine needles, fern fibers, coconut fiber. The soil should have a slightly acidic pH.

6. top dressing: during the growth period and during flowering, fertilizers for orchids are regularly applied - 2 times a month. During the dormant period, the plants do not feed.

7. reproduction: propagated by division during spring transplantation, stem cuttings, much less often - by sowing seeds.

Botanical name: Dendrobium.

Family. Orchid.

Orchid dendrobium - origin. Plants are native to India, Asia, Australia, New Zealand, the Pacific Islands.

Description.The genus Dendrobium includes about 900 species of deciduous or evergreen orchids. Species are extremely diverse, they can behave in nature as epiphytes and lithophytes.

Pseudobulbs plants are thick, juicy, as if they consist of separate segments.

Leaves belt-like or oblong-ovate, leathery, alternate. Inflorescences - brushes are located in the axils of the leaves along the pseudobulbs, very numerous and sometimes almost hide the foliage.

flowers from tiny to quite large - up to 10 cm in diameter, a wide variety of shades - yellow, orange, red, pink, green, blue, purple, white, except perhaps black.

Bi-color varieties are available, and often flowering dendrobiums have a pleasant aroma.

Despite the fact that this orchid has been known since the 18th century, real popularity came to it only in 1967, when it was first propagated in the laboratory and varieties suitable for growing at home appeared.

Height. Depends on the species and may vary within 15 - 75 cm., some orchids can reach 1 m in height.

2. Dendrobium - home care

When purchasing a plant full of health and very abundantly flowering in a flower shop, one should not forget that it was grown in a special nursery, where all the necessary conditions of detention- lighting, temperature, air humidity.

The plant grown in the floricultural complex was spoiled with nutrient solutions and growth stimulants.

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2.1. Reproduction of orchids

Dendrobium breeds division adult plants during transplantation.

stem cuttings, while the pots with them should be covered with glass to maintain humidity.

Every day, the greenhouse is slightly opened and the cuttings are ventilated, and the condensate accumulated on the surface of the shelter is also removed.

Cuttings should take place in a warm and protected from direct sunlight place.

The successful completion of rooting will be indicated by the appearance of the first signs of new growth.

Very rarely this orchid breeds seeds.

2.2.Dendrobium flowering time

Dendrobium blooms spring. The onset of flowering can stimulate by drying the soil for a month.

2.3. Transplant

Transplantation is carried out every two to three years, while it is not at all necessary to use larger pots. As a houseplant, Dendrobium blooms best in somewhat cramped conditions. Do not repot the flower during dormancy or during flowering. Use the time frame spring shortly before growth resumes. When transplanting, inspect the roots of the dendrobium - remove damaged and rotten ones and sprinkle the cut points with crushed charcoal.

2.4. How to care for the dendrobium

The orchid develops cyclically and strictly at a certain time it needs to be provided with different conditions of detention. Dendrobiums are divided into 2 groups according to the conditions of detention - in one group there are most of the orchids that need a cool dormant period, in the other there are plants that will develop at normal room temperature throughout the year. In addition, for different types of orchids, the conditions for watering and spraying will also vary. Therefore, when buying, it is better to clarify the specific type of flower. Below are recommendations for caring for one of the most common types, the Dendrobium Nobile.

1.Beginning of the growing season occurs when young shoots - pseudobulbs begin to grow from the bases of pseudobulbs and the root system grows.

2. Within 4 - 5 months after the start of growth the orchid forms daughter pseudobulbs and when they become already large, a dormant period begins.

3. In rest period the plant may shed its leaves. Do not prune old plant stems that have fallen leaves, as they may bloom again.

4. After short rest period bud formation and flowering begins.

During each period, the plant needs different conditions of maintenance and care:

1. Careful watering that gradually increases with formation of the root system. Top dressing with fertilizers with a high nitrogen content for the formation of green mass. Air temperature 22 - 25°С. As the shoots develop, the proportion of fertilizers with a high content of potassium and phosphorus is gradually increased.

2. When a vertically located leaf appears on top of the pseudobulb, it means that it has reached its maximum height and the dendrobium is ready go to rest. We reduce watering and understand the temperature of the content. At this time, a diurnal temperature difference is desirable.

3. rest period should take place in a cool room with a temperature of about 8 - 10 ° C. Watering during this period is minimized, simply protecting the soil from complete drying. Feeding is stopped. Pseudobulbs at this time may even become wrinkled.

4. Watering is resumed only when already painted ones appear. buds. If you water the orchid too early, then instead of buds, it will let out leaves. Gradually increase the temperature - during the flowering period, the plant should be cool - about 15 - 16 ° C.

From time to time plants will need sanitary pruning, in which old, dead leaves and withered buds should be removed.

2.5. Watering

Water plentifully in summer, use soft water, but let the topsoil dry out between waterings. After flowering, reduce watering - they will talk a little about the need for watering wrinkled pseudobulbs. Young dendrobiums will need regular watering, while mature plants can tolerate a little dry soil. For irrigation, use room temperature water or even a little warm. In the warm season, especially in summer, when the plant is actively developing and the ambient temperature allows, it will be useful soak put it together with the pot in a large container of warm water for about an hour, and then let the excess moisture drain. This procedure can be carried out weekly - it allows pieces of bark in the ground to get wet.

2.6.Growing soil

Orchid mix, sphagnum moss, pine bark pieces. The substrate should contain pumice, perlite or coarse river sand to improve drainage. As drainage layer it is advisable to add pine bark to the soil, which is generously poured into the bottom of the pot. When landing, the ground is carefully tamped to remove air pockets. After transplantation, the dendrobium is placed in a shady place and left there without watering for 4-5 days.

2.7 Diseases and pests

Often a plant at home suffers from errors in culture. Waterlogging often leads to rotting of the roots, while the plant may die. In the absence of a dormant period or lack of light dendrobium not blooming. The leaves are turning yellow during the onset of intense summer heat, after transplanting or in case of excessive fertilization.

From insect pests thrips, spider mites can attack an orchid.

Insects - pests

insect name	Signs of infection	Control measures
spider mite	Inconspicuous cobwebs on the leaves, yellowing and falling of foliage with extensive damage. The surface of the leaf plates becomes dead and covered with small cracks. Plant development slows down.	Folk ways. Plants can be washed in the shower and left in the bathroom in a humid atmosphere for half an hour. Irradiation with an ultraviolet lamp every week for 2 minutes. Chemicals based on pyrethrum, sulfur powders, Fitoverm, Aktellik.
	The appearance of yellow spots on the leaf plates, small brown dots can be observed on the underside of the leaves. When spreading, pests cause the leaves to turn yellow, dry and fall off.	Folk ways. Increase the humidity of the air, wipe the surface of the leaves with soapy water to reduce the number of pests. Preparations based on pyrethrum - 2-fold treatment with an interval of 7-10 days, spraying with tobacco infusion, infusion of yarrow or Persian chamomile, decoction of cyclamen tubers. Chemicals: dusting with sulfur powders, the use of anabasin - sulfate in a soapy solution.

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2.8. Dendrobium content temperature

In summer when the dendrobium forms pseudobulbs, it needs warmth with a slight drop in temperature at night. autumn when the pseudobulbs have finished their growth, it is necessary to place the plant in a moderately warm room. Dendrobium survives hot weather only with sufficient ventilation and humidity. For the onset of abundant flowering, it is desirable to arrange differences between night and day temperatures, for example, a temperature of about 18 - 24 °C during the day should be replaced by night coolness - 13 - 15°C. After flowering, provide the orchid cool dormant period at a temperature of 15 - 16 ° C.

2.9. Fertilizer

During the growing season, the dendrobium plant responds positively to top dressing, as potted orchids have a limited feeding area. Since the dendrobium behaves like an epiphyte in its natural habitat, it is advisable to use foliar top dressing by applying the nutrient solution to orchid leaves with a spray bottle. Use an orchid fertilizer diluted to half the recommended dosage. Do not fertilize in winter, even if the plant is in bloom.

2.10 Lighting

The plant must receive maximum the possible amount of sunlight without direct sunlight on the leaves. With a lack of light, it will bloom reluctantly, its leaves will darken. Exposure to direct rays is possible in the morning or evening hours. Maybe additional lighting fluorescent lamps in the autumn - winter period, if the orchid is awake at this time. With the opening of the buds, direct sunlight on the plants is undesirable, since flowering will be shorter. For the onset of flowering, daylight hours should last about 14 hours.

2.11 Spraying

The air humidity should be at least 50%. Use a room humidifier or place the plant pot on a tray of wet pebbles. Spray only with soft water at room temperature, being careful not to get on flowers and buds. It is also necessary to ensure constant air movement near the plant, while avoiding cold drafts.

2.12. Purpose

A very decorative orchid, however, this is not the easiest plant to grow, which requires compliance with certain rules of agricultural technology. Some varieties are suitable for growing as ampelous plants. cut dendrobiums do not lose their attractiveness in a vase with water for a long time and can be used in bouquets.

2.13 Note

Dendrobium is not poisonous and does not pose any danger to children and pets.

Hydroponics.

3.Types:

3.1. Dendrobium nobile or noble dendrobium - Dendrobium nobile

Dendrobium Nobile originates in Southeast Asia, where in its natural environment it behaves like an epiphyte - that is, it is attached by its roots to the branches of tall trees. It grows in cool places, in the highlands, where nighttime temperatures can drop to freezing point in winter.

This is a charming sympodial orchid with very abundant, long flowering. It has tall, erect, articulated, thick stems. The leaves are oblong - lanceolate, green, glossy, with arcuate venation. During the flowering period, a shortly branched peduncle appears opposite each leaflet with several large, bright flowers. Flowers are painted in various shades of white, yellow, lilac, purple, orange and pink with all sorts of combinations, have a very pleasant sweetish aroma.

3.2. Dendrobium phalaenopsis - Dendrobium phalaenopsis

Dendrobium phalaenopsis or Dendrophalaenopsis are sympodial orchids with long, green pseudobulbs. Each pseudobulb has several thick shoots bearing (usually 3-6) oblong green leaves. Each shoot is capable of carrying from 3 to 20 flowers, with older plants blooming most profusely. The flowering period is very long and can last for 4 months continuously and each flower can stay open up to 1.5 months.

Flowering may re-occur on the old peduncle, so such flower shoots should not be removed.

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3.3. King's Dendrobium - Dendrobium kingianum

One of the smallest and most unpretentious, small-flowered dendrobium subspecies, widely distributed in Australia. Unlike most subspecies, dendrobium often grows as a lithophyte - in rock crevices. The plant has storage pseudobulbs, which are carried on top of 1 or several thick, articulated shoots. Each shoot has several dark green, sessile, glossy oblong-lanceolate leaves. During the flowering period, tall leafless peduncles with fragrant, bright flowers appear on the shoots. The color range ranges from white to red, most often you can find plants with pink or lilac flowers.

3.4. Dendrobium Berry Oda - Dendrobium Berry Oda

Intraspecific hybrid dendrobium. The main distinguishing feature of this plant is its adaptability to higher temperatures than most dendrobiums. Plants have oblong green pseudobulbs, from the top of which several thick stems emerge. At the tops of the stems there are many glossy green oblong leaves and thin erect flower stalks with small but bright lilac or pink flowers. During the flowering period, the plant emits a pleasant aroma.

Among other things, this variety is very compact in size - plants often do not exceed 30 - 40 cm in height.

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Having gained some experience in growing ornamental crops, many flower growers at some point set themselves the goal of growing an orchid on their site. And many are not afraid that this will not be so easy to do.

This plant has a large species diversity, and among them there are not so many varieties that can grow well in room conditions. One of the most famous is the dendrobium orchid.

This family includes representatives such as phalaenopsis and dendrobium nobile orchid. The agrotechnics of growing these exotic plants in each case is determined by the characteristics of the climate, which is natural for them.

Because the orchid is a member of the epiphyte family, then their development is extremely negatively affected by dry air, lack of lighting and excess moisture.

Dendrobium nobile stands out from other members of the family with stunning beauty, which is largely provided by its large fragrant flowers. In the process of growth, the orchid forms pseudobulbs, which look like a thickening of the stem that accumulates moisture and nutrients. During the growing season, the plant at a certain point goes into a dormant state, as indicated by many signs. It stops growing and begins to prepare forces for a new flowering.

For this reason, with the onset of winter, it is necessary to create specific conditions for the plant: the ambient temperature must be lowered to 10 degrees Celsius, lighting should be maximum, and watering should be excluded.

If all these requirements are met, then already in the first days of spring, and possibly even earlier, the pseudobulbs will begin to turn into flower stalks.

For flower growers, hybrids derived from dendrobium nobile and phalaenopsis are more suitable, since they begin to bloom without prior preparation. Care for them is determined by the peculiarities of the origin of their parents. Therefore, before buying them, it does not hurt to first get acquainted with their pedigree. If you want these varieties of orchids to please you with their flowering for as long as possible, then you will have to maintain the appropriate temperature in the room around the clock - from 16 to 20 degrees Celsius.

At the moment when the dendrobium nobile orchid stops flowering, the aerial part enters the phase of active growth, which over time leads to children. At this stage, it is necessary to maintain an increased temperature and humidity in the room. Feeding is mandatory, which is carried out once every two weeks. To do this, use liquid formulations specifically designed for orchids.

Until the end of summer, the dendrobium orchid is gaining green mass. At this time, you should not touch the old pseudobulbs, as they will provide additional nutrition to the newly emerging babies.

Transplant at home

This operation seriously injures the dendrobium, so it is recommended to transplant plants no more than once every two to three years. In principle, this operation should be carried out only if there is an urgent need for it. Examples of such situations can be when there is no longer enough space in the container in which the dendrobium grows, the plant has stopped growing, the emerging pseudobulbs hang over the edges of the pot, there are signs of soil salinization.

• the best time for reproduction is in spring, the moment after flowering or at the beginning of active growth. The roots of the transplanted plant must be cleaned of the old soil. To do this, the pot with the plant must be thoroughly moistened, then later it will be possible to remove the existing substrate without any problems;
• before planting, it is necessary to inspect the roots: if rotten or damaged areas are found, they must be removed, and the sections treated with charcoal. It is forbidden to use brilliant green or other preparations containing alcohol for this purpose. After that, you need to let the roots dry for several hours;
• The orchid feels best in cramped containers. For this, pots are selected so that the thickness of the substrate between the roots and the walls is no more than 2 cm.
• in the process of growth, the aerial part of the orchid becomes large, so it is recommended to plant it in stable containers. The best option is heavy clay pots;
• having picked up a suitable container for reproduction, drainage is placed in it for ¼ volume. Then it is filled with a substrate to form a hill. After that, an orchid is prepared for transplantation: its roots need to be straightened, and then the plant is placed in the center. Care must be taken to ensure that the pseudobulbs remain on the surface. In some cases, supports may be required to provide good stability;
• after planting, in order to propagate, containers with an orchid should be kept in a dark place, the temperature should be about 20 degrees Celsius. After 2-4 days, you can start watering.

How to care for a dendrobium orchid?

Photo plants look beautiful because they were proper care provided. This moment just needs to be given maximum attention.

Epiphytic orchids thrive best on soils that have a loose structure and do not contain many nutrients. As a soil substrate, a mixture based on crushed pine bark, sphagnum moss and peat is used. You also need to add charcoal to it. The soil mixture used for planting orchids must be free of calcium. This is due to the fact that many types of orchids react negatively to this element.

Can also be used as a substrate crushed bark of coniferous plants. You need to fill the container with it as follows: you need to put larger pieces on the bottom, and smaller ones in the upper part. The presence of a small amount of peat in it, which improves its mechanical properties, has a positive effect on the quality of the substrate. As a result, the soil for the orchid acquires the best acidity.

The substrate prepared for use must be disinfected. To do this, it must be spilled with boiling water and allowed to stand for 10-15 minutes. Then wait until it dries.

When propagating dendrobium orchids at home, you can plant them in ordinary pots or hanging baskets from slats. However, in any case, they will need good drainage, which should occupy at least 1/4 of the height. To do this, use broken brick or crushed granite, laying it out in a thick layer. But the use of expanded clay and limestone, which is rich in calcium, is not recommended.

Before planting in baskets, be sure to add thick layer of sphagnum. Plants that grow on a snag support look more decorative.

Lighting

Under natural conditions, dendrobium nobile feels good only if it is provided with bright and diffused lighting. In room conditions, this becomes a problem, especially in winter, when there is a strong lack of lighting. For this reason, in order to create the most favorable conditions, it is recommended to grow orchids from May to September on windows facing the west and east, and in winter they need to be transferred to the south.

During care, periodically turn the pot so that all parts of the dendrobium get enough light. In the case of approaching cold weather, it is necessary to remove them away from the windowsill.

A dendrobium orchid can grow well if it is provided with enough light during the day. Usually the optimal day length is 10-15 hours. In winter, the lack of lighting can be eliminated by highlighting with special lamps.

• varieties of orchids that have white and pale pink flowers tolerate the lack of lighting much better. Therefore, subject to additional illumination, they will also feel good on windows located on the northeast side;
• if you are growing dendrobium orchids with bright red, pink, yellow flowers, then it is better to keep them on windows facing southeast, southwest. With the advent of winter, they are transferred to the south side, not forgetting to create additional illumination for them.

By providing too much light to the plants, you will ensure that the dendrobium orchid will actively gain weight, forming pseudobulbs, which at the same time will not grow large, and this will negatively affect flowering.

With a lack of lighting, the pseudobulbs will turn out to be thin and long, while flowering usually does not occur.

In order for the orchid to absorb all the water used for irrigation, it needs to provide enough light. Therefore, you need to pay attention to this moment and regulate the rate of irrigation.

Watering dendrobium orchids

Care at home involves the right choice of time for watering. The signal to start watering the plants is the drying of the top layer of moss or substrate. In the summer, it is enough to carry out two to three times a week. With the onset of winter, watering should be minimal.

Temperature regime

The temperature factor begins to affect the development of the dendrobium orchid only if it provided with the necessary amount of light. Its deficiency leads to the fact that plants do not come out of dormancy, even despite the creation of a favorable temperature.

In the daytime in summer, the optimum temperature regime is 20 degrees, in winter it is lowered to 17 degrees, while a decrease in night temperature by 2-3 degrees is allowed.

If the ambient temperature becomes excessively high, then the water begins to evaporate rapidly through the stomata on the leaves. As a result, only part of the moisture they need reaches the roots.

For this reason, when establishing an elevated temperature regime in a room, it is necessary to regulate the humidity of the air in accordance with it. Pots of dendrobium orchids should be placed on a tray of water and pebbles or damp moss. Spraying also helps maintain the required level of humidity.

A serious danger to dendrobium orchids can be fungal diseases. In order to avoid their development, it is necessary when caring for the dendrobium orchid at home to regularly ventilate the room, making sure that there are no cold drafts. When warm sunny weather sets in, the plants can be kept outdoors.

When growing dendrobium orchids at home, already in the first weeks of spring, they begin to gain green mass, provided that good lighting is created. At such moments, it is necessary to maintain optimal humidity, regularly fertilize with mineral fertilizers.

If the plants are provided with the required amount of light, moisture and a favorable temperature is created for them, then in October they form the maximum amount of foliage and pseudobulbs of normal sizes.

Conclusion

Growing a dendrobium orchid at home seems to be a rather laborious task. However, the desire to enjoy the flowering of this plant stops few people. In order for the orchid to enter the phase of active growth in the spring, it is necessary to create favorable conditions for it also in the winter. For this you need keep the temperature below 10 degrees and completely eliminate watering.

Dendrobium nobile requires even more attention in the spring, when it begins to actively gain green mass. In addition to maintaining the optimum temperature, during care it must be provided with the necessary amount of moisture and regular feeding. It is also important to ensure that indoor there were no cold spells. Compliance with these conditions allows you to get well-developed orchid bushes already in October.